The document provides an introduction to direct and reported speech. It explains that direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken, while reported speech conveys the general meaning without quotation marks. The document then discusses the importance of reported speech and different types including reported statements, questions, requests and suggestions. It provides examples of how to change pronouns, tenses, modal verbs and other elements when changing from direct to reported speech. Finally, exercises are presented to allow practicing changing statements and questions into reported speech.

1. By
Mr. Medhat Mohsen
Luxor STEM School
Mr. Medhat Mohsen -
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2. Introduction
‫السنن‬ ‫وأصحاب‬ ‫مسلم‬ ‫روى‬‫عن‬،‫عنهم‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رضى‬ ‫هريرة‬ ‫أبى‬‫عن‬‫هللا‬ ‫رسول‬
‫قال‬ ‫وسلم‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫صلى‬"‫من‬‫هللا‬ ‫سهل‬ ‫علما‬ ‫فيه‬ ‫يلتمس‬ ‫طريقا‬ ‫سلك‬‫به‬ ‫له‬
‫طريقا‬‫الجنة‬ ‫إلى‬"
Direct speech
-‫للعل‬ ‫طريق‬ ‫سيسلك‬ ‫من‬ ‫انه‬ ‫وسلم‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫صلى‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رسول‬ ‫أخبرنا‬‫فسيسهل‬ ‫م‬
‫للجنة‬ ً‫ا‬‫طريق‬ ‫له‬ ‫هللا‬.
Reported speech
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3. Direct Speech
 Direct speech is the exact words someone used.
 We use “quotation marks” in direct speech.
 E.g. “I’m tired,” Helen said.
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4. Reported Speech
 Reported speech is the exact meaning of someone
said, but not the exact words.
 We do NOT use quotation marks in reported speech.
 We use (that) after the verbs (say or tell).
 E.g. Helen told me that she was tired.
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5. Importance of Reported Speech
 It is used to report what others say.
 It is used to report people’s thoughts, beliefs,
knowledge etc.
- “I know what you want.” Max said.
- Max told me (that) he knew what I wanted.
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6. Types of Reported Speech
Reported
Requests/
Commands/
Suggestions
Reported
Questions
Reported
Statements
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7. Reported Statements
He said, “I live in Paris.”
He said (that) he lived in Paris.
 Delete quotation marks “ …”
 Add (that)
 I he
 live lived
Exercise:
Report: Samar said, “I am cooking dinner.”
Samar said that she was cooking dinner.
NB: Present >> Past
Past >> Past Perfect
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8. Reported Statements
“I’ll call you tomorrow,” Jack said.
Jack said (that) he would call me the following day.
 Delete quotation marks “ …”
 I he
 will call would call
 you me
 tomorrow the following day.
Exercise
Report:
“Ali! Ahmed! I’ll meet you next week” said Amr
Amr told Ali and Ahmed (that) he would meet them the
week after/the following week.
-
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9. Reported Statements
“This film is boring,” Lucy told me
Lucy told me (that) the film was boring.
 Delete quotation marks “ …”
 Add (that) or not
 This the
 is was
Exercise
Report: “This party is not nice,” said Fatin.
Fatin said (that) the party was not nice.
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10. Reported Requests, suggestions,
orders etc.
“Students! stop talking,” the teacher said.
The teacher told students to stop talking.
 Delete quotation marks “ …”
 said told
 stop to + stop
 NO TIME CHANGE!!
Exercise
Report: Mum said “Put these books in order please, Sally”
Mum told Sally to put those books in order.
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11. Reported Requests, suggestions,
orders etc.
 “Don’t use my mobile phone please, Ahmed.” Father
said.
 Father asked Ahmed not to use his mobile phone.
 Delete quotation marks “ …”
 said asked
 Don’t not to + inf
 Use ‘NOT’ in negative
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12. Reported Requests, suggestions,
orders etc.
“Will you please tell me the way to school?” Hind said to Salma
Hind asked Salma to tell her the way to school.
 Delete quotation marks “ …”
 said asked
 tell to + tell
 NO TIME CHANGE!!
Exercise
“Will you please hold this bag for me?” Jane said to
Helen.
Jane asked Helen to hold the bag for her.
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13. Take a break
Take a Kit Kat

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14. Reported Questions (Wh-) – (Yes-No)
“What is your name?” he asked me.
He asked me what my name was.
 Delete quotation marks “ …”
 is was
 your my
 verb + object object + verb
 is your name my name was
Exercise
“How are you, Sara?” the teacher said.
The teacher asked Sara how she was.
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15. Reported Questions (Wh-)
“Why do you want to leave your job?” Sam asked me
Sam asked me why I wanted to leave my job.
 Delete quotation marks “ …”
 auxiliary + subject + infinitive subject + verb
 do + you + want I + wanted
Exercise
“When does Sally go to school?” Rana said to me.
Rana asked me when Sally went to school.
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16. Change tenses
 When did Sally go to school?
 When is Sally going to school?
 When has Sally gone to school?
 Answers:
 She asked when Sally went to school.
 She asked when Sally was going to school.
 She asked when Sally had gone to school.
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17. Reported Questions (Yes/No)
“Can you help me?” Aya asked Ali
Aya asked Ali if he could help her.
 Delete quotation marks “ …”
 Add if
 Can you he could
 me her
Exercise
“Do you see my new car?” Samar asked Heba.
Samar asked Heba if she saw her new car.
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18. Joining reported clauses
a) Reported statements: that
- He said that he wanted to go home.
b) Reported questions: if, whether, what, where,
how, etc.
- She asked me if I wanted anything to drink.
- She asked me what my name was.
c) Reported requests, orders, advice, suggestions:
to + verb
- I advised Lucy to go to the police.
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19. Before End
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20. Reported = Indirect Speech
- Sue: What did Bill say?
- Peter: He said that he wanted to go home.
 The exact meaning of somebody said not the exact
words.
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21. Say vs. Tell
- Say
 It is used without a personal object.
 If so, it is followed by a preposition ‘said to me’
- Tell
 It is always followed by a personal object (told me).
 He told me “I’m cold”
 He told me (that) he was cold.
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22. Say vs. Tell exercises
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23. Reported Speech Changes
Pronouns
Here and
Now words
Modal
Verbs
Tenses
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24. Reported Speech Changes
Pronouns
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25. Reported Speech Changes
‘Here and now’ words
‘Here and now’ words
- Bill said he didn’t like the party
- NOT: Bill said he didn’t like this party.
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26. Reported Speech Changes
Modal Verbs
Direct Reported
Will Would
Can could
May Might
Shall Should
Must Must/had to
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27. Reported Speech Changes
Tenses
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29. Reported Questions
1. In reported questions, the subject comes before the
verb:
- He asked where I was going.
- NOT: He asked where was I going.
2. Auxiliary do is not used:
- I wondered how they felt. (NOT: how did they feel.)
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30. Reported Questions
3. Question marks are not used:
- We asked where the money was. (NOT … where the
money was?)
4. When there is no question (who, where etc), we use if
or whether to introduce indirect questions. (YES/NO
questions)
- The driver asked if/whether I wanted the town center.
- I don’t know if/whether I can help you.
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31. Exercises
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34. Exercises
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