This research was done to know the relationship between transformational style of leadership and organisation commitment with Organizational Citizenship Behavior on officers. The subject of this research was 30 officers of Aparatur Sipil Negara (State Civil Services) and 30 officers of the non permanent employees (PTTPK) at Dinas PU Bina Marga of East Java. The instruments used were the scale of transformational style of leadership, the scale of organisation commitment, and the scale of Organizational Citizenship Behavior. The result of the research shows there is a significant correlation simultaneously between transformational style of leadership and organisation commitment with Organizational Citizenship Behavior on all officers viewed from the result of coefficient analysis shows value of F = 4,961 with p=0,010 (p<0,05).><0,05)>< 0,05) this means there is a significant correlation of organization commitment with Organizational Citizenship Behavior on all officers
Impact of Lmx on Organizational Justice and Organizational Justice on Organiz...inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
An examination of the levels of organizational citizenship of Istanbul youth ...Sports Journal
The aim of this study is to determine the levels of organizational citizenship amongst the staff of
Istanbul’s Youth Services and Sport Directorate. The population for this study consists of the 380
employees of Istanbul’s Youth Services and Sport Directorate, 297 of whom are male and 83 are female.
The sample group for the purposes of this study comprises of 128 staff, 95 male employess and 32
female employees. The Organizational Citizenship scale adapted byH.N. Basım, H. Şeşen(2006) was
used, in this study, in order to determine the organizational citizenship levels of staff. The scale consists
of five primary dimensions and is in accordance with the organizational citizenship behaviours put
forward by Organ in 1988. The "Yarimax" axis rotation technique was employed for factor analysis and
the suitability of the data in accordance with the factor analysis was first determined. With this aim in
mind, theKaiser Mayer Orkin (KMO) and Bartlett test was employed and these values indicate that both
the sample size is adequate and the data demonstrates normal distribution.The Kruskal-Wallis Test, at a
significance level of 0,05,was implemented in order to determine whether the organizational citizienship
levels of staff differed in accordance with their demographic characteristics. The test results do not reveal
a significant difference between the average levels when employees’ gender, age and length of service is
considered in line with organizational citizenship behaviours and its subdimensions such as altruism,
conscientiousness, courtesy and civic virtue. Whereas a significant difference was determined between
the educational attainment of staff and the subdimensions of organizational citizienship.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
The Effect of Transformational Leadership, Organizational Commitment and Empo...inventionjournals
The aim of this conducted study is to analyze the effect of transformational leadership, organizational commitment, empowerment of organizational citizenship behavior and managerial performance at PT. Cobra Direct Sale Indonesia. Analyzing the effect of organizational citizenship behavior on managerial performance at PT. Cobra Direct Sale Indonesia and analyze the influence of transformational leadership, organizational commitment, empowerment of managerial performance through organizational citizenship behavior at PT. Cobra Direct Sale Indonesia. The population in this research is manager of PT. Cobra Direct Sale Indonesia spread over 24 provinces which consist of 150 people. Sampling method used in this study using census. The analysis method used is descriptive analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The result of research shows that transformational leadership, organizational commitment and empowerment give influence to organizational citizenship behavior and managerial performance of PT. Cobra Direct Sale Indonesia. Organizational citizenship behavior gives influence to managerial performance of PT. Cobra Direct Sale Indonesia. Transformational leadership, organizational commitment, empowerment gives effect to managerial performance through organizational citizenship behavior of PT. Cobra Direct Sale Indonesia
Impact of Lmx on Organizational Justice and Organizational Justice on Organiz...inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
An examination of the levels of organizational citizenship of Istanbul youth ...Sports Journal
The aim of this study is to determine the levels of organizational citizenship amongst the staff of
Istanbul’s Youth Services and Sport Directorate. The population for this study consists of the 380
employees of Istanbul’s Youth Services and Sport Directorate, 297 of whom are male and 83 are female.
The sample group for the purposes of this study comprises of 128 staff, 95 male employess and 32
female employees. The Organizational Citizenship scale adapted byH.N. Basım, H. Şeşen(2006) was
used, in this study, in order to determine the organizational citizenship levels of staff. The scale consists
of five primary dimensions and is in accordance with the organizational citizenship behaviours put
forward by Organ in 1988. The "Yarimax" axis rotation technique was employed for factor analysis and
the suitability of the data in accordance with the factor analysis was first determined. With this aim in
mind, theKaiser Mayer Orkin (KMO) and Bartlett test was employed and these values indicate that both
the sample size is adequate and the data demonstrates normal distribution.The Kruskal-Wallis Test, at a
significance level of 0,05,was implemented in order to determine whether the organizational citizienship
levels of staff differed in accordance with their demographic characteristics. The test results do not reveal
a significant difference between the average levels when employees’ gender, age and length of service is
considered in line with organizational citizenship behaviours and its subdimensions such as altruism,
conscientiousness, courtesy and civic virtue. Whereas a significant difference was determined between
the educational attainment of staff and the subdimensions of organizational citizienship.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
The Effect of Transformational Leadership, Organizational Commitment and Empo...inventionjournals
The aim of this conducted study is to analyze the effect of transformational leadership, organizational commitment, empowerment of organizational citizenship behavior and managerial performance at PT. Cobra Direct Sale Indonesia. Analyzing the effect of organizational citizenship behavior on managerial performance at PT. Cobra Direct Sale Indonesia and analyze the influence of transformational leadership, organizational commitment, empowerment of managerial performance through organizational citizenship behavior at PT. Cobra Direct Sale Indonesia. The population in this research is manager of PT. Cobra Direct Sale Indonesia spread over 24 provinces which consist of 150 people. Sampling method used in this study using census. The analysis method used is descriptive analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The result of research shows that transformational leadership, organizational commitment and empowerment give influence to organizational citizenship behavior and managerial performance of PT. Cobra Direct Sale Indonesia. Organizational citizenship behavior gives influence to managerial performance of PT. Cobra Direct Sale Indonesia. Transformational leadership, organizational commitment, empowerment gives effect to managerial performance through organizational citizenship behavior of PT. Cobra Direct Sale Indonesia
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Role of Organizational Commitment as Mediator for Individual Characterist...inventionjournals
This study has the objectives to test and analyze the effect of individual characteristic and organizational culture toward organization commitment of employees at PT. Bank Bukopi n Tbk. Makassar Branch Office, also to analyze the direct and indirect effect toward employee’s performance. PT. Bank Bukopin Tbk. Makassar Branch Office is very attentive toward its employee’s individual characteristic with indicator locus of control and authoritarianism in several activities. The same goes for organizational culture variable with dominant indicator of individual initiative, by developing 5 (five) basic values which become the core of firm cultural development, that are 1) Profesionalism, 2) Respect Others, 3) Integrity, 4) Dedicated to Customer, and 5) Excellence which abbreviated as PRIDE which means being proud or having pride. Study unit of this paper is employees in PT Bank Bukopin Tbk Makassar Branch Office with population 280 employees. Respondent as sample in this study is 74 employees. Sample determination was using purposive sampling technique. Analysis method used to test hypotheses was variance -based Structural Equation Model (SEM) with Partial Least Square (PLS3) program. Result of this study revealed that there is effect of individual characteristic, organizational culture toward organization commitment. This study’s result also showed that there is direct and indirect effect of individual characteristic and organizational culture toward employee’s performance enhancement, which is mediated by organization commitment
Managerial perceptions on corporate social responsibility in select companies...inventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Writekraft Research and Publications LLP was initially formed, informally, in 2006 by a group of scholars to help fellow students. Gradually, with several dissertations, thesis and assignments receiving acclaim and a good grade, Writekraft was officially founded in 2011 Since its establishment, Writekraft Research & Publications LLP is Guiding and Mentoring PhD Scholars.
Our Mission:
To provide breakthrough research works to our clients through Perseverant efforts towards creativity and innovation”.
Vision:
Writekraft endeavours to be the leading global research and publications company that will fulfil all research needs of our clients. We will achieve this vision through:
Analyzing every customer's aims, objectives and purpose of research
Using advanced and latest tools and technique of research and analysis
Coordinating and including their own ideas and knowledge
Providing the desired inferences and results of the research
In the past decade, we have successfully assisted students from various universities in India and globally. We at Writekraft Research & Publications LLP head office in Kanpur, India are most trusted and professional Research, Writing, Guidance and Publication Service Provider for PhD. Our services meet all your PhD Admissions, Thesis Preparation and Research Paper Publication needs with highest regards for the quality you prefer.
Our Achievements:
NATIONAL AWARD FOR BEST RESEARCH PROJECT (By Hon. President APJ Abdul Kalam)
GOLD MEDAL FOR RESEARCH ON DISABILITY (By Disabled’s Club of India)
NOMINATED FOR BEST MSME AWARDS 2017
5 STAR RATING ON GOOGLE
We have PhD experts from reputed institutions/ organizations like Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indian Institute of Management (IIM) and many more apex education institutions in India. Our works are tailored and drafted as per your requirements and are totally unique.
From past years our core advisory members, research team assisted research scholars from various universities from all corners of world.
Subjects/Areas We Cover:
Management, Commerce, Finance, Marketing, Psychology, Education, Sociology, Mass communications, English Literature, English Language, Law, History, Computer Science & Engineering, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Pharmacy & Healthcare.
A STUDY ON ORGANIZATION COMMITMENT AND JOB SATISFACTION IN SELECTED BUSINESS ...IAEME Publication
The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Employees’ productivity is largely related to their level of job satisfaction and in fact, the turnover rate can be reduced with a higher level of organizational commitment. Therefore, it is important for an organization to study the relationships between these two variables. The database was collected from the organization through a well-structured questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of personal data, Questions related to the dimension organization commitment and job satisfaction in Selected BPOs in Tiruchirappalli. Hence the sample size for the study is 110 respondents by adopting Purposive sampling technique.
Organizational Commitment: A Comparative Study of Public and Private Sector B...inventionjournals
In spite of an increasing number of studies on organizational commitment, no unifying work focused on the measurement of organizational commitment of managers of banking sector. Organizational commitment is a feeling of one's dedication towards the employing organization, his/her willingness to work hard for that organization, and the intention to remain with that organization. There are various factors that affect the employees' commitment towards the organization. This study was carried out to establish the association of banking sector (public/private) and managerial levels with the organizational commitment among bank employees. Data was collected from 633 managers of banking sector using questionnaire method. Organizational commitment scale developed by Allen and Mayer (1990), was used as a tool for data collection. Regression analysis, t-test and one way ANOVA were used as statistical tools for data analysis. The results from the t-test of the study revealed that the public sector bank managers were more committed towards the organization than the private sector bank managers. The affective, continuance and normative commitment are high in public sector bank managers than private sector bank managers. Also, the ANOVA-test revealed that the top levels managers had the highest organizational commitment than the middle and the lower level managers. The affective, continuance and normative commitment of top level bank managers are higher than the middle and lower level managers. The t-test analysis results also, revealed that organizational commitment, affective commitment, continuance commitment of middle level bank managers is higher and significant than that of lower level bank managers. The difference of normative commitment between middle level and lower level managers is not statistically significant.
HOW AESTHETIC LEADERSHIP STYLE MIGHT RELATE TO EMPLOYEE MORALE AT WORKPLACE? ...JIANGUANGLUNG DANGMEI
Leadership plays an important role in shaping employee morale but organizations are facing the challenges of dealing low morale of employees. Studies have shown that poor leadership and heartless management are among numerous reasons for low morale among employees in the organizations and recent trends towards organizational downsizing and restructuring have negatively impacted employee morale leading to low organizational productivity and thus organizational transformation must be accompanied with maintaining moral responsibility. In this regard, the researchers explore the emerging aesthetic leadership style on how it might help to foster positive employee morale and found that aesthetic leadership style builds positive work environment which is crucial for employee morale at the workplace. It also creates positive feelings around the organizations by emphasizing on empathy, emotions, ethics, value-based and moral behavior. This paper analyzes the aesthetic leadership style with the implications for future leadership preparation to harness positive employee morale at the workplace and concludes that by considering aesthetic leadership style can boost positive employee morale necessary for enhancing organizational performances.
The Effect Of Job Motivation, Compensation, Organizational Culture Towards Jo...inventionjournals
The high absenteeism of employees and the lack of a sense of justice to the provision of compensation to employees is a factor that indicates the cause of the declining motivation to work on employees that can result in the decrease of employee performance, it is necessary to do research on whether the work motivation, compensation and organizational culture has provided job satisfaction as well as increased performance. Our study aims to determine the effect of job motivation, compensation, organizational culture on job satisfaction and employee performance. Our study is conducted to employees who work in the Ministry of Man Power by using surveys. Methods of data analysis in our study using Structural Equation Model (SEM). Research shows that motivation has influence on job satisfaction, compensation has no effect on job satisfaction, organizational culture has no effect on job satisfaction, job motivation does not affect the performance of employees, compensation does not affect the performance of employees, organizational culture has influence on employee performance and job satisfaction has influence on the performance of employees.
Linking leadership style, organizational culture, motivation and competence o...inventionjournals
This research aims to analyze empirically the influence of leadership style, organizational culture, motivation, and competencies on civil servants performance in mediation is job satisfaction. The design of this research using survey method with the collection of the data in cross-section through the questionnaire. Determination of a sample using simple random sampling with the total number of respondents as much as 265 employees. Methods of analysis of data used in hypothesis testing are the analysis moments of structures. This research provide evidence that leadership style, organizational culture and competence of a positive and significant effect on the job satisfaction, while the negative effect of motivation but Significantly to job satisfaction. Then the leadership style and organizational culture is positive but not significant effect on civil servants performance and motivation as well as competence and job satisfaction the positive and significant effect on the civil servants performance. Job satisfaction is not as mediating variable in explaining the effect of leadership styles and organizational culture on the civil servants performance, while on the other mediation of job satisfaction testing proved to be a full mediation in analyzing the effect of motivation and competencies on the civil servants performance.
The Effect of Organizational Commitment and Organization Identity Strength to...IOSR Journals
Fire Department Employee Performance Jakarta Indonesia was marked by people had not been
maximized yet since in the fire cases always come late. Society always expected the performance of the fire
department in carrying out their duties on time. The purpose of this research was to measure and describe the
extent to which performance of the Jakarta Fire Department when it was affected by the variable of
organizational commitment and strength of organizational identity and organizational citizenship behaviour.
The method used in this research was quantitative. Data analysis techniques used was SEM (Structural
Equation Modelling) with the help of AMOS program. The data were collected by using a research instrument
that was distributed to the sample of 355 employees. The results showed that organizational commitment was
significantly influence organizational citizenship behaviour, but having no significant effect on employee
performance. While organizational citizenship behaviour had a significant effect on employee performance.
Organizational citizenship behaviour was mediating the relationship between commitments to employee
performance. On the other hand, it did not significantly influence organizational identity on organizational
citizenship behaviour, and also no significant effect on the employee performance. The implication of research
was organizational citizenship behaviour of Fire Department employee to be important in improving employee
performance.
Violence in the Family within the Arab Society in Israel and Coping with Welf...inventionjournals
The Arabs in Israel live in a patriarchal society. The reasons for violence, which is customary in the family cell, particularly against women, are not totally different from those of violence in other patriarchal societies. Problems in couple relationships influence all members of the extended family. In Arab society, an abused woman receives support and protection only if her family agrees that she is a victim of injustice. The present article discusses various reasons leading to violence against women in the Arab society as well as the coping methods adopted by the authorities.
Atualmente, a maioria dos aplicativos faz uso de internet, seja através de requests à APIs, componentes sociais, ou qualquer outra funcionalidade fora do contexto do aplicativo. E para um aplicativo de sucesso precisamos de um backend estável, robusto e escalável. Nessa apresentação vamos discutir algumas opções de backends oferecido pelo Google Cloud Platform e entre outras plataformas.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Role of Organizational Commitment as Mediator for Individual Characterist...inventionjournals
This study has the objectives to test and analyze the effect of individual characteristic and organizational culture toward organization commitment of employees at PT. Bank Bukopi n Tbk. Makassar Branch Office, also to analyze the direct and indirect effect toward employee’s performance. PT. Bank Bukopin Tbk. Makassar Branch Office is very attentive toward its employee’s individual characteristic with indicator locus of control and authoritarianism in several activities. The same goes for organizational culture variable with dominant indicator of individual initiative, by developing 5 (five) basic values which become the core of firm cultural development, that are 1) Profesionalism, 2) Respect Others, 3) Integrity, 4) Dedicated to Customer, and 5) Excellence which abbreviated as PRIDE which means being proud or having pride. Study unit of this paper is employees in PT Bank Bukopin Tbk Makassar Branch Office with population 280 employees. Respondent as sample in this study is 74 employees. Sample determination was using purposive sampling technique. Analysis method used to test hypotheses was variance -based Structural Equation Model (SEM) with Partial Least Square (PLS3) program. Result of this study revealed that there is effect of individual characteristic, organizational culture toward organization commitment. This study’s result also showed that there is direct and indirect effect of individual characteristic and organizational culture toward employee’s performance enhancement, which is mediated by organization commitment
Managerial perceptions on corporate social responsibility in select companies...inventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Writekraft Research and Publications LLP was initially formed, informally, in 2006 by a group of scholars to help fellow students. Gradually, with several dissertations, thesis and assignments receiving acclaim and a good grade, Writekraft was officially founded in 2011 Since its establishment, Writekraft Research & Publications LLP is Guiding and Mentoring PhD Scholars.
Our Mission:
To provide breakthrough research works to our clients through Perseverant efforts towards creativity and innovation”.
Vision:
Writekraft endeavours to be the leading global research and publications company that will fulfil all research needs of our clients. We will achieve this vision through:
Analyzing every customer's aims, objectives and purpose of research
Using advanced and latest tools and technique of research and analysis
Coordinating and including their own ideas and knowledge
Providing the desired inferences and results of the research
In the past decade, we have successfully assisted students from various universities in India and globally. We at Writekraft Research & Publications LLP head office in Kanpur, India are most trusted and professional Research, Writing, Guidance and Publication Service Provider for PhD. Our services meet all your PhD Admissions, Thesis Preparation and Research Paper Publication needs with highest regards for the quality you prefer.
Our Achievements:
NATIONAL AWARD FOR BEST RESEARCH PROJECT (By Hon. President APJ Abdul Kalam)
GOLD MEDAL FOR RESEARCH ON DISABILITY (By Disabled’s Club of India)
NOMINATED FOR BEST MSME AWARDS 2017
5 STAR RATING ON GOOGLE
We have PhD experts from reputed institutions/ organizations like Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indian Institute of Management (IIM) and many more apex education institutions in India. Our works are tailored and drafted as per your requirements and are totally unique.
From past years our core advisory members, research team assisted research scholars from various universities from all corners of world.
Subjects/Areas We Cover:
Management, Commerce, Finance, Marketing, Psychology, Education, Sociology, Mass communications, English Literature, English Language, Law, History, Computer Science & Engineering, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Pharmacy & Healthcare.
A STUDY ON ORGANIZATION COMMITMENT AND JOB SATISFACTION IN SELECTED BUSINESS ...IAEME Publication
The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Employees’ productivity is largely related to their level of job satisfaction and in fact, the turnover rate can be reduced with a higher level of organizational commitment. Therefore, it is important for an organization to study the relationships between these two variables. The database was collected from the organization through a well-structured questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of personal data, Questions related to the dimension organization commitment and job satisfaction in Selected BPOs in Tiruchirappalli. Hence the sample size for the study is 110 respondents by adopting Purposive sampling technique.
Organizational Commitment: A Comparative Study of Public and Private Sector B...inventionjournals
In spite of an increasing number of studies on organizational commitment, no unifying work focused on the measurement of organizational commitment of managers of banking sector. Organizational commitment is a feeling of one's dedication towards the employing organization, his/her willingness to work hard for that organization, and the intention to remain with that organization. There are various factors that affect the employees' commitment towards the organization. This study was carried out to establish the association of banking sector (public/private) and managerial levels with the organizational commitment among bank employees. Data was collected from 633 managers of banking sector using questionnaire method. Organizational commitment scale developed by Allen and Mayer (1990), was used as a tool for data collection. Regression analysis, t-test and one way ANOVA were used as statistical tools for data analysis. The results from the t-test of the study revealed that the public sector bank managers were more committed towards the organization than the private sector bank managers. The affective, continuance and normative commitment are high in public sector bank managers than private sector bank managers. Also, the ANOVA-test revealed that the top levels managers had the highest organizational commitment than the middle and the lower level managers. The affective, continuance and normative commitment of top level bank managers are higher than the middle and lower level managers. The t-test analysis results also, revealed that organizational commitment, affective commitment, continuance commitment of middle level bank managers is higher and significant than that of lower level bank managers. The difference of normative commitment between middle level and lower level managers is not statistically significant.
HOW AESTHETIC LEADERSHIP STYLE MIGHT RELATE TO EMPLOYEE MORALE AT WORKPLACE? ...JIANGUANGLUNG DANGMEI
Leadership plays an important role in shaping employee morale but organizations are facing the challenges of dealing low morale of employees. Studies have shown that poor leadership and heartless management are among numerous reasons for low morale among employees in the organizations and recent trends towards organizational downsizing and restructuring have negatively impacted employee morale leading to low organizational productivity and thus organizational transformation must be accompanied with maintaining moral responsibility. In this regard, the researchers explore the emerging aesthetic leadership style on how it might help to foster positive employee morale and found that aesthetic leadership style builds positive work environment which is crucial for employee morale at the workplace. It also creates positive feelings around the organizations by emphasizing on empathy, emotions, ethics, value-based and moral behavior. This paper analyzes the aesthetic leadership style with the implications for future leadership preparation to harness positive employee morale at the workplace and concludes that by considering aesthetic leadership style can boost positive employee morale necessary for enhancing organizational performances.
The Effect Of Job Motivation, Compensation, Organizational Culture Towards Jo...inventionjournals
The high absenteeism of employees and the lack of a sense of justice to the provision of compensation to employees is a factor that indicates the cause of the declining motivation to work on employees that can result in the decrease of employee performance, it is necessary to do research on whether the work motivation, compensation and organizational culture has provided job satisfaction as well as increased performance. Our study aims to determine the effect of job motivation, compensation, organizational culture on job satisfaction and employee performance. Our study is conducted to employees who work in the Ministry of Man Power by using surveys. Methods of data analysis in our study using Structural Equation Model (SEM). Research shows that motivation has influence on job satisfaction, compensation has no effect on job satisfaction, organizational culture has no effect on job satisfaction, job motivation does not affect the performance of employees, compensation does not affect the performance of employees, organizational culture has influence on employee performance and job satisfaction has influence on the performance of employees.
Linking leadership style, organizational culture, motivation and competence o...inventionjournals
This research aims to analyze empirically the influence of leadership style, organizational culture, motivation, and competencies on civil servants performance in mediation is job satisfaction. The design of this research using survey method with the collection of the data in cross-section through the questionnaire. Determination of a sample using simple random sampling with the total number of respondents as much as 265 employees. Methods of analysis of data used in hypothesis testing are the analysis moments of structures. This research provide evidence that leadership style, organizational culture and competence of a positive and significant effect on the job satisfaction, while the negative effect of motivation but Significantly to job satisfaction. Then the leadership style and organizational culture is positive but not significant effect on civil servants performance and motivation as well as competence and job satisfaction the positive and significant effect on the civil servants performance. Job satisfaction is not as mediating variable in explaining the effect of leadership styles and organizational culture on the civil servants performance, while on the other mediation of job satisfaction testing proved to be a full mediation in analyzing the effect of motivation and competencies on the civil servants performance.
The Effect of Organizational Commitment and Organization Identity Strength to...IOSR Journals
Fire Department Employee Performance Jakarta Indonesia was marked by people had not been
maximized yet since in the fire cases always come late. Society always expected the performance of the fire
department in carrying out their duties on time. The purpose of this research was to measure and describe the
extent to which performance of the Jakarta Fire Department when it was affected by the variable of
organizational commitment and strength of organizational identity and organizational citizenship behaviour.
The method used in this research was quantitative. Data analysis techniques used was SEM (Structural
Equation Modelling) with the help of AMOS program. The data were collected by using a research instrument
that was distributed to the sample of 355 employees. The results showed that organizational commitment was
significantly influence organizational citizenship behaviour, but having no significant effect on employee
performance. While organizational citizenship behaviour had a significant effect on employee performance.
Organizational citizenship behaviour was mediating the relationship between commitments to employee
performance. On the other hand, it did not significantly influence organizational identity on organizational
citizenship behaviour, and also no significant effect on the employee performance. The implication of research
was organizational citizenship behaviour of Fire Department employee to be important in improving employee
performance.
Violence in the Family within the Arab Society in Israel and Coping with Welf...inventionjournals
The Arabs in Israel live in a patriarchal society. The reasons for violence, which is customary in the family cell, particularly against women, are not totally different from those of violence in other patriarchal societies. Problems in couple relationships influence all members of the extended family. In Arab society, an abused woman receives support and protection only if her family agrees that she is a victim of injustice. The present article discusses various reasons leading to violence against women in the Arab society as well as the coping methods adopted by the authorities.
Atualmente, a maioria dos aplicativos faz uso de internet, seja através de requests à APIs, componentes sociais, ou qualquer outra funcionalidade fora do contexto do aplicativo. E para um aplicativo de sucesso precisamos de um backend estável, robusto e escalável. Nessa apresentação vamos discutir algumas opções de backends oferecido pelo Google Cloud Platform e entre outras plataformas.
To start our mission to create more good days at work, we've carried out research to define exactly What is a Good Day At Work for people in the UK. Read the latest research in our report, produced with our partner, Bank Workers Charity
Our ground-breaking research explores:
- How many people in the UK are actually having good days at work.
- What people think creates good days vs what the reality is.
- What the biggest impactors of a good day at work are, and what you can do about them.
- How organisations can create and foster better working environments for their people to thrive at work.
- Hear from President of Good Day At Work, Sir Cary Cooper as he provides his views on the latest research.
Role of Organizational Commitment & Transformational Leadership in Enhancing ...inventionjournals
Past and present studies discuss the importance of transformational leadership and organizational commitment in an organization. This study further aimed at adding into the existing body of literature and explores the relationship between organizational commitment, transformational leadership and its role in enhancing employee in role performance and organizational citizenship behavior in banking sector of Pakistan. Study explores a significant positive relationship between variables. A sample of 240 employees working in public sector was drawn using multistage cluster sampling. 180 respondents took final part and response rate was 75%. Data was collected primarily with help of questionnaire and further analyzed with help of several techniques e.g. descriptive statistics to describe & summarize the data. Correlation and regression analysis was run to prove the hypothesis of the study.
Organizational citizenship Behavior as Attitude Integrity in Measurement of I...IOSR Journals
Quality of Human Resource represent one of the factor which to increase performance productivity an institution or organization. Therefore, needed Human Resource having high interest because interest or membership will be able to support the make-up of employees performance achievement. During the time at generally in governance institution not yet had officer with adequate interest, proved with still lower officer productivity and is difficult measure officer performance [in] governance institution scope. Performance Management System in a modern concept of human resource management is an objective and transparent performance measurement model of Organizational Citizenship Behavior in giving reward to individual’s sacrifice for organization. Three main elements of individual’s sacrifice performed in Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) are compliance, loyality, and participation.The organization shoud appreciate these attitudes by giving clear job description and brief rewardsystemcriteriato encourage the individual’s job motivation. Combined with theindividual assessment of job description, job grading is used to compile a correct Key Performance Indexand a precise salary component. The aim of this action research is to give a comprehensive solution for Hospital X, in order to determine a Key Performance Indexsmodel, in response to some problems such as jobmotivation, work stress and performance. An interviews with hospital’s director and Human Resources section was conducted to compile the KPI. The results of this research can be recommended to the hospital to make a comprehensive performance assessment consist of the review of employee's job descriptions, Key Performance Indicator (KPI), job grading, specifying fundamental salary based on work,Bonus Scame and score summary
Role of Emotional Intelligence in Leadership Effectiveness in Service Sectorijtsrd
Leadership is always being an area to probe since ages. Leadership perspectives are found different continuously not only with ages but also with different category and type of organizations, leaderships has been a study with humungous dynamism. The way environment and organizations are changing, the challenges of leadership have also changed and new perspectives have taken place in industry related to leadership concept. This study is focused on understanding the influence through emotional intelligence on leadership effectiveness in today’s time. The paper helps in understanding the role of emotional intelligence on leadership effectiveness. The study is conducted in service organization of Pune and Mumbai. Only banks, education, retail and IT service leaders are considered for collection of data. The data is analysed by using correlation and regression analysis. The study found that emotional intelligence is highly correlated with leadership effectiveness and it is essential for any organization of service sector to have leaders with emotional intelligenece for effective performance of organization. Swati John "Role of Emotional Intelligence in Leadership Effectiveness in Service Sector" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30573.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/30573/role-of-emotional-intelligence-in-leadership-effectiveness-in-service-sector/swati-john
THE EFFECT OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIPAND SOCIAL SUPPORT ON ORGANIZATIONAL...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This study aims to determine the effect of transformational leadership and social support on
organizational citizenship behaviour mediated by emotional intelligence in village officials throughout East
Praya sub-district. The method used in this research is associative quantitative. The number of respondents in
this study were 71 village officials throughout East Praya sub-district. The data collection tool used a closed
questionnaire which was processed using the SmartPLS version 3.0 application. The findings in this study
indicate that leadership style has no positive and significant effect on organizational citizenship behaviour.
While social support and emotional intelligence have a positive and significant effect on organizational
citizenship behaviour. In addition, transformational leadership and social support have a positive and significant
effect on emotional intelligence. The mediation test shows that emotional intelligence is able to mediate the
effect of transformational leadership and social support on organizational citizenship behaviour.
Keywords: Transformational leadership, social support, emotional intelligence, organizational citizenship
behaviour, village officials.
Writekraft Research and Publications LLP was initially formed, informally, in 2006 by a group of scholars to help fellow students. Gradually, with several dissertations, thesis and assignments receiving acclaim and a good grade, Writekraft was officially founded in 2011 Since its establishment, Writekraft Research & Publications LLP is Guiding and Mentoring PhD Scholars.
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Writekraft Research and Publications LLP was initially formed, informally, in 2006 by a group of scholars to help fellow students. Gradually, with several dissertations, thesis and assignments receiving acclaim and a good grade, Writekraft was officially founded in 2011 Since its establishment, Writekraft Research & Publications LLP is Guiding and Mentoring PhD Scholars.
Our Mission:
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Writekraft endeavours to be the leading global research and publications company that will fulfil all research needs of our clients. We will achieve this vision through:
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Using advanced and latest tools and technique of research and analysis
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In the past decade, we have successfully assisted students from various universities in India and globally. We at Writekraft Research & Publications LLP head office in Kanpur, India are most trusted and professional Research, Writing, Guidance and Publication Service Provider for PhD. Our services meet all your PhD Admissions, Thesis Preparation and Research Paper Publication needs with highest regards for the quality you prefer.
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We have PhD experts from reputed institutions/ organizations like Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indian Institute of Management (IIM) and many more apex education institutions in India. Our works are tailored and drafted as per your requirements and are totally unique.
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Subjects/Areas We Cover:
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Writekraft Research and Publications LLP was initially formed, informally, in 2006 by a group of scholars to help fellow students. Gradually, with several dissertations, thesis and assignments receiving acclaim and a good grade, Writekraft was officially founded in 2011 Since its establishment, Writekraft Research & Publications LLP is Guiding and Mentoring PhD Scholars.
Our Mission:
To provide breakthrough research works to our clients through Perseverant efforts towards creativity and innovation”.
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Writekraft endeavours to be the leading global research and publications company that will fulfil all research needs of our clients. We will achieve this vision through:
Analyzing every customer's aims, objectives and purpose of research
Using advanced and latest tools and technique of research and analysis
Coordinating and including their own ideas and knowledge
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In the past decade, we have successfully assisted students from various universities in India and globally. We at Writekraft Research & Publications LLP head office in Kanpur, India are most trusted and professional Research, Writing, Guidance and Publication Service Provider for PhD. Our services meet all your PhD Admissions, Thesis Preparation and Research Paper Publication needs with highest regards for the quality you prefer.
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NATIONAL AWARD FOR BEST RESEARCH PROJECT (By Hon. President APJ Abdul Kalam)
GOLD MEDAL FOR RESEARCH ON DISABILITY (By Disabled’s Club of India)
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We have PhD experts from reputed institutions/ organizations like Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indian Institute of Management (IIM) and many more apex education institutions in India. Our works are tailored and drafted as per your requirements and are totally unique.
From past years our core advisory members, research team assisted research scholars from various universities from all corners of world.
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Writekraft Research and Publications LLP was initially formed, informally, in 2006 by a group of scholars to help fellow students. Gradually, with several dissertations, thesis and assignments receiving acclaim and a good grade, Writekraft was officially founded in 2011 Since its establishment, Writekraft Research & Publications LLP is Guiding and Mentoring PhD Scholars.
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Writekraft endeavours to be the leading global research and publications company that will fulfil all research needs of our clients. We will achieve this vision through:
Analyzing every customer's aims, objectives and purpose of research
Using advanced and latest tools and technique of research and analysis
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In the past decade, we have successfully assisted students from various universities in India and globally. We at Writekraft Research & Publications LLP head office in Kanpur, India are most trusted and professional Research, Writing, Guidance and Publication Service Provider for PhD. Our services meet all your PhD Admissions, Thesis Preparation and Research Paper Publication needs with highest regards for the quality you prefer.
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This research measures relationship among employee participation and organizational commitment in targeted organizations. Organizational Commitment is measured through open interval model results, rational model results and human relations model results. Data collected from Textiles, Pharmaceutical and Telecom companies operating in Mumbai by using questionnaire with sample size of 219. Correlation and regression analysis is used to establish relationship amongst the variables and to prove the hypotheses. Results confirmed that Organizational Commitment increases when there is active participation of employee in organizations.
Organizations which delegate the authority to employees perform well as compared to those who don’t. Organizations who allow their employees to work in teams proved/shows more performance level than those who have non-team based/individualistic structure. This study has identified two kinds of direct participation which is associated with organisational commitment. It therefore has clear significance for proving a positive relationship between Employee participation and organisational commitment. The outcome of this research supports the argument for more participation of employees in decision making and work autonomy. No negative effect of Employee participation was found to exist in either prior research or this study.
Leadership Styles of Managers and Employee’s Job Performance in a Banking Sectoriosrjce
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
The performance of education office organizations was influenced by the
behavior of its employees. This study aimed to determine the direct and
indirect influence of organizational culture, leadership style, personality, and
organizational justice towards the job performance of the employee
education office in Jakarta. Research samples were 221 employees of the
Jakarta Education Office. Data collection using questioner with the Likert
scale, The results of the research there was a direct influence of leadership
style towards organizational justice; Organizational culture on organizational
justice; Personality towards organizational justice; Leadership style on job
performance; Organizational culture towards job performance; Personality
towards job performance, then organizational justice towards job
performance, and personality through organizational justice towards job
performance. It was concluded that the level of job performance was
influenced by variations in leadership style, organizational culture,
personality, and organizational justice.
Organizational behaviour involves the design of work as well as the psychological, emotional and interpersonal behavioural dynamics that influence organizational performance. Management as a discipline concerned with the study of overseeing activities and supervising people to perform specific tasks is crucial in organizational behaviour and corporate effectiveness. Management emphasizes the design, implementation and arrangement of various administrative and organizational systems for corporate effectiveness. While the individuals, and groups bring their skills, knowledge, values, motives, and attitudes into the organization, and thereby influencing it, the organization, on the other hand, modifies or restructures the individuals and groups through its structure, culture, policies, politics, power, and procedures, and the roles expected to be played by the people in the organization. This study conducted through the exploratory research design involved 125 participants, and result showed strong positive relationship between the variables of interest. The study was never exhaustive due to limitations in terms of time and current relevant literature, therefore, further study could examine the relationship between personality characteristics and performance in the public sector, where productivity is not outstanding, when compared with the private sector. Based on the result of this investigation it was recommended that organizations should provide emotional intelligence programmes for their membership as an important pattern of increasing co-operative behaviours and corporate effectiveness.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
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Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
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Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
The Relationship between Transformational Style and Organization Commitment with Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Officers
1. International Journal of Business and Management Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 8028, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 801X
www.ijbmi.org || Volume 6 Issue 11 || January. 2017 || PP—17-21
www.ijbmi.org 17 | Page
The Relationship between Transformational Style and
Organization Commitment with Organizational Citizenship
Behavior on Officers
M. As’ad Djalali1
, Christine Janavi T2
, Moh. Farid3
1
Universitas 17 Agustus 1945, Surabaya, Indonesia
2
Universitas 17 Agustus 1945, Surabaya, Indonesia
3
Universitas Darul Ulum, Jombang, Indonesia
ABSTRACT: This research was done to know the relationship between transformational style of leadership
and organisation commitment with Organizational Citizenship Behavior on officers. The subject of this research
was 30 officers of Aparatur Sipil Negara (State Civil Services) and 30 officers of the non permanent employees
(PTTPK) at Dinas PU Bina Marga of East Java. The instruments used were the scale of transformational style
of leadership, the scale of organisation commitment, and the scale of Organizational Citizenship Behavior. The
result of the research shows there is a significant correlation simultaneously between transformational style of
leadership and organisation commitment with Organizational Citizenship Behavior on all officers viewed from
the result of coefficient analysis shows value of F = 4,961 with p=0,010 (p<0,05). The result of partial analysis
of variable transformational style of leadership with Organizational Citizenship Behavior on all officers shows
value of t= 2,190 with p = 0,033 (p <0,05) this means there is a significant correlation of transformational
style of leadership with Organizational Citizenship Behavior on all officers. While the result of partial analysis
of variable organisation commitment with Organizational Citizenship Behavior on all officers shows the value
of t= 2,326 with p = 0,024 ( p < 0,05) this means there is a significant correlation of organization commitment
with Organizational Citizenship Behavior on all officers.
Keywords: Organizational Citizenship Behavior, transformational style of leadership, organisation
commitment
I. INTRODUCTION
Phenomenological problems concerning with the officers in governmental institution or organization
have not been solved thoroughly. One of the obstacles faced in the governmental organization is dealt with the
increasing need on human resources to carry out the tasks. Lacking competence owned by the civil state officers
is also another hindrance that they cannot work optimally. Duties executed by the officers to serve the public are
not easy things to do. The number of officers on duty is supposed not yet adequate to meet the increasing tasks
to do the public service. The complaints of the society on the work of the officers make them improve their job.
The problems on the job of the officers cannot be ignored; it should be overcome by increasing the
productivity and professionalism of the officers in order to achieve the objectives efficiently and effectively.
One of the efforts to overcome the problem on the work of the human resource is to increase the Organizational
Citizenship Behavior. The officers are hoped to conduct the Organizational Citizenship Behavior.
Organ et al. (2006) defines Organizational Citizenship Behavior as “individual behavior that is
discretionary, not directly or explicitly recognized by the formal reward system, and that in the aggregate
promotes the effective functioning of the organization”. Discretionary means that the behavior is not an
enforceable requirement of the role or the job description, that is the clearly specifiable terms of the person's
employment contract with the organization; it is a matter of personal choice.
Shweta and Srirang (2010) states that the factors influencing the Organizational Citizenship Behavior,
among them, is the commitment of the organization and transformational leadership. In order that the extra role
behavior or Organizational Citizenship Behavior is showed well, the effectiveness of the role of a leader is badly
needed. The quality of a leader is supposed to be a crucial factor in deciding the success and failure of an
organization. Mannheim and Halamish (2008) say that among the three styles of leadership of bass and Avolio,
which are hierarchical and structured, an optimal leader is the one who shows transformational style the most.
Transformational leadership style is accounted effective in any situation or culture (Yuki, 2010).
Transformational style leadership is a aware influencing procedure in a group or individual which makes
continuous change, a status quo development and the whole work of the organization (Avolio, et. al, 2004).
The commitment of the organization is an identification and involvement of someone, which is
relatively strong toward the organization. The officer who has a strong commitment to his organization is a
capital in achieving the objective of the organization and gives a maximal benefit to it (Sopiah, 2008). A leader
2. The Relationship Between Transformational Style And Organization Commitment With…
www.ijbmi.org 18 | Page
who gives inspirational motivation in a transformational leadership style in daily workplace and a high
organization commitment in the officer’s mind is assumed to effect in the increase and extra role behavior or
Organizational Citizenship Behavior.
Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) is a constructive behavior to help which the members of
the organization, appreciated indirectly by the company, show organization which is indirectly related to the
productivity of an individual (Bateman & Organ in Steers, Porter, Bigley, 1996).
OCB is formally defined as the above behavior and exceeds the role of the organization, which are
showed formally, natural freedom and no direct or explicit reward in the context of formal system reward of the
organization, which is important for the effectiveness and success of the organization (Netemeyer et al., 1997).
Organizational Citizenship Behavior is also known as extra-role behavior. Extra role behavior is a behavior in
working which is not found in the description of formal tasks of the workers, but it will be rewarded if it is
performed by the workers because it can increase the effectiveness and the continuation of the organization.
Workers or officers who perform OCB well are called good citizen. Furthermore, Sloat (1999) states
that good organizational citizens are the workers who perform their tasks directed to the effectiveness of the
functions in the organization and the actions are explicitly not requested (volunteer work), and they are not
formally given reward (no incentives).
According to Greenberg and Baron (2003), OCB is the acts done by the members of the organization,
which exceeds the formal system of their work. Generally, there are three main components of OCB. First, the
behaviors are more than the formal system. Second, the jobs do not need training (it is natural); in other words,
workers do the job voluntarily. Third, the jobs are not given formal reward by the organization.
From some definitions above, it can be concluded that OCB is an act or behavior performed by the
worker more than the description of his main job, which is done voluntarily, and there is no formal reward.
However, it gives effectiveness to the organization. Dimensions of OCB as mentioned by Greenberg and Baron
(2003) include; Altruism, Courtesy, Sportsmanship, Civic Virtue, and Conscientiousness. Altruism is a
behavior that helps to alleviate someone’s job in organization. Courtesy is an effort to help colleague to to
prevent the problems because of his job by giving consultation and information and appreciate their needs.
Sportsmanship is a behavior, which shows tolerance in an unideal situation in the workplace without complaints.
Civic virtue is a behavior, which involves in the activities of the organization and cares about the continuity of
the organization. Conscientiousness refers to the officers in doing their tasks, which are done more than what is
assigned.
Transformational Style Leadership
Hoy and Miskel (2008) propose that a transformational leader is proactive in increasing the awareness
of the subordinates concerning with the inspirational collective interest to help them to achieve an extraordinary
outcome. According to Robin, a transformational leader inspires his subordinates to exceed their self-interests
and gives deep and extraordinary to the followers. Transformational leadership is a kind of leadership directing
towards positive change to the followers. Transformational leaders are generally energetic, enthusiastic and
passionate. The leaders not only take care of the process and be involved in the process but also focus on
helping every member of the group to succeed.
Hughes et al (2012) suggest that a transformational leader has a vision, rhetorical style, and a good
management of impression and uses it for the sake of development of emotional ties with their followers. A
transformational leaders is believed to succeed more in motivating the development of organization because of
the arousing of the emotion of the followers and that they are ready to bring the leaders vision to reality.
Yuki (2010) proposes that transformational leaders make the followers realize more the about the
importance and values of their work and ask the followers not to give priority to their self-interest for the sake of
the organization. The leaders develop the skills and the beliefs of the followers to prepare them to have more
responsibilities in an organization, which gives authority. The leaders give supports and motivation when
needed to maintain the enthusiasm and face the problems, difficulties and weariness. With the transformational
leadership, the followers have the belief, admiration, and loyalty and honor to the leaders. They are motivated to
do more than what is hoped from them. It can be concluded that transformational leadership is the behavior of
the leader, which can arouse pride and the faith of the subordinators. It can inspire, motivate, stimulate
creativity, and innovate the subordinators. Transformational leadership treat every subordinator individually,
train them, and guide them.
According to Robbins (2003), Robbins and Judge (2008), and Cavazotte (2012) transformational
leadership style has dimensions: (1) Idealized influence is a leader’s behavior that brings vision and mission, a
sense of pride, respect and trust of subordinates, (2) Inspirational Motivation is the behavior of a leader that is
able to communicate high expectations, deliver an interesting shared vision by using symbols to focus
3. The Relationship Between Transformational Style And Organization Commitment With…
www.ijbmi.org 19 | Page
subordinates’ efforts, and inspire subordinates to achieve goals for the betterment of the organization, (3)
Intellectual Stimulation is the behavior of a leader that is able to improve the subordinate’s intelligence to
boost their creativity and innovations, improve the rationality and careful problem solving, (4) Individualized
Consideration is the behavior of leader that provides personal attention, treats subordinate individually with
different needs, abilities and aspirations as well as training and advice.
Organizational Commitment
Organizational commitment defined by Durkin and Bennett (1999) is the strong feeling against an
organization's goals and values in relation to the role in achieving the objectives and values. Curtis and Wright
(2001) state that the commitment is the individual identification force in an organization. If someone has a
commitment to the organization, he will have a strong organization identification, a membership values,
agreement with the objectives and value systems. He likely remains in it and finally be ready to work hard for
the sake of the organization.
According to Steers and Porter (1991) in Tanriverdi (2008), organizational commitment is an
individual condition that is very interested in the goals, willingness values to undertake certain efforts for the
organization, as well as a strong desire to continue to be a member of the organization. Mowday et al in
Tanriverdi (2008) defines organizational commitment as the individual relative strength in identifying,
integrating themselves into parts of the organization that is characterized by three things: (1) Acceptance of the
values and goals of the organization; (2) The readiness and willingness to strive earnestly on behalf of the
organization; (3). The desire to maintain the organization membership or be part of the organization.
Sopiah (2008) provides a definition of organizational commitment as the degree to which employees
believe and accept the organization's goals and will stay or not leave the organization. According to Robbins
(2003) organizational commitment is a state in which an employee is in favor of a certain organization and
intends to maintain organization .membership
From the above definitions it can be concluded that organizational commitment is an employee's desire
to maintain the membership in the organization. He is willing to make the high effort for the achievement of
organization goals. Employee’s commitment occurs partly because he feels the organization is able to meet
his needs, provide the necessary means, and have a good name and image in the public eye. It can foster a
sense of pride and loyalty on the organization and work.
HYPOTHESES
Based on the framework, library studies, and the issues presented, then the hypothesis proposed in this study
are:
1. There is a relationship between transformational leadership and organizational commitment Organizational
Citizenship Behavior found in employees
2. There is a relationship between transformational leadership style with Organizational Citizenship Behavior
found in employees
3. There is a relationship between organizational commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior found
in employees
II. RESEARCH METHOD
Research Subject
The population of this study are employees of the Department of Public Work Bina Marga East Java,
the head office of Surabaya. The characteristics of the subject are permanent employees (State Civil Apparatus)
and non permanent employess (PTTPK).
The sampling technique used in this study is a random sampling consisting 30 ASN employees and 30
the non permanent employees in the Department of Public Work Bina Marga East Java, the head office of
Surabaya.
Instrument
Instruments used in this study are the scale of Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Scale of
transformational leadership style and organizational commitment scale. The three scales are developed by the
researcher using Likert scale model. Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale based on the concept of
Greenberg and Baron (2003) includes five aspects: Altruism, Courtesy, sportsmanship, Civic virtue and
Conscientiousness. It consists of 66 items valid with α = 0.966. Answer choices for each statement of this scale
are very appropriate (SS), appropriate (S), less suitable (KS), is not appropriate (TS) and was incompatible
(STS). The scale of transformational leadership style based on the concept of Robbins and Judge (2008: 91) and
Cavazotte (2012 covers four aspects: idealized influence, Inspirational Motivation, Intellectual Stimulation, and
Individualized Consideration. It consists of 76 items valid with α = 0,990. Answer options of each statement are
strongly agree (SS), agree (S), can not decide (TM), disagree (TS) and strongly disagree (STS).
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The scale of organizational commitment based on the concept of Mowday et al in Tanriverdi (2008)
includes three indicators, namely hiring the organization values and goals, employee’s readiness and
willingness to strive earnestly on behalf of the organization, and the employee’s desire to maintain organization
membership or be part of the organization. Organizational commitment scale consists of 39 items valid with α =
0.931. Answer choices for each statement are very appropriate (SS), appropriate (S), less suitable (KS), not
appropriate (TS) and incompatible (STS).
III. RESULTS
The results of the regression coefficient analysis output shows the price F = 4.961, p = 0.010 (p <0.05).
There is a significant correlation between transformational leadership, organizational commitment and
Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) on all employees.
The results of partial analysis of transformational leadership style variable with Organizational
Citizenship Behavior indicates the value t = 2.190 and p = 0.033 (p <0.05). This means that there is a significant
correlation between the transformational leadership style variable andOCB on all employees. Meanwhile the
results of partial analysis between organizational commitment variable and Organizational Citizenship
Behavior indicates the value t = 2.326 and p = 0.024 (p <0.05). This means that there is a significant correlation
between organizational commitment variable and OCB on all employees.
Based on the above results the hypothesis stating a relationship between transformational leadership
style and organizational commitment Organizational Citizenship Behavior on all employees (ASN and the non
permanent employees) is accepted or proven. The hypothesis stating the relationship between transformational
leadership style and Organizational Citizenship Behavior on all employees is accepted or proven. The
hypothesis stating a relationship between the organization commitment and Organizational Citizenship
Behavior on all employees is accepted or proven.
The results of the regression coefficient analysis output shows the price F = 6.317, p = 0.006 (p <0.01).
It means that there is a very significant correlation between transformational leadership, organizational
commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) for ASN employees. The results of the partial
analysis of transformational leadership style variable and Organizational Citizenship Behavior indicates the
value t = -0.54, p = 0.958 (p> 0.05). It means that there is no significant correlation between the
transformational leadership style variable and Organizational Citizenship Behavior on ASN employees. While
the results of partial analysis between organizational commitment variable and Organizational Citizenship
Behavior indicates the value t = 3.554, p = 0.001 (p <0.01). This means that there is a very significant
correlation between organizational commitment variable and Organizational Citizenship Behavior on ASN
employees.
The results of the regression coefficient analysis output shows the price F = 2.828, p = 0.077 (p> 0.05).
It means that there is no significant correlation between transformational leadership, organizational
commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) on the non permanent employees. The results of
partial analysis between transformational leadership style variable and Organizational Citizenship Behavior
indicates the value t = 2.373 and p = 0.025 (p <0.05). This means that there is a significant correlation between
the transformational leadership style variable and Organizational Citizenship Behavior on the non permanent
employees. While the results of partial analysis between organizational commitment variable and Organizational
Citizenship Behavior indicates the value t = 0.054 and p = 0.958 (p> 0.05). This means that there is no
significant correlation between organizational commitment variable and Organizational Citizenship Behavior
on the non permanent employees.
The values obtained from the results of t-test of a group of ASN and the non permanent employees
subjects on Organizational Citizenship Behavior variable is t = 0.000 (t <0.01). This means that there is so
significant difference of OCB between ASN and the non permanent employees, in which the level of
Organizational Citizenship Behavior on the non permanent employees is higher than ASN. It can be seen
from the non permanent employees mean value of 193.4667, while the mean value of ASN is 178.2667.
IV. DISCUSSION
Based on the results of data analysis it shows that there is a significant correlation between
transformational leadership, organizational commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) on all
employees. The result of this study proves that the OCB will be formed because of transformational leadership
style and organizational commitment of employees. As it is stated by Robbins and Judge (2008) that successful
organizations need employees who are willing to do more than just their regular duties and are willing to do
tasks that are not in their job description, so it will give a performance that exceeds the expectations.
Employees who are able to display extra role behavior are said to be good employees (good citizen).
To create a good employee the thing that can be done is to increase the role of leader in the organization. Boss
or leader plays an important role. The model of leadership that is able to grow the extra role in employee’s
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behavior is a transformational leadership style. Meanwhile ,the individual internal factor that is proven to
influence in increasing Organizational Citizenship Behavior is employee’s commitment to the organization.
The results shows that there is very significant correlation between transformational leadership, organizational
commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) to the employees of Apparatus of Civil State.
This means that on the employees of Civil Servants, transformational leadership style and organizational
commitment together affect the improvement of Organizational Citizenship Behavior. The high organizational
commitment of Civil servants gives more pushes for extra role behavior / OCB. It also described by Curtis and
Wright that if someone has a commitment to the organization, he will have a strong identification with the
organization, have the values of the membership, agree to the objectives and value systems, is likely to remain
in it and finally be ready to work hard for the sake of the organization. While the status of the non permanent
employees shows no significant correlation between transformational leadership styles, organizational
commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). However, the partial test mentions that there is
a significant correlation between the variables of transformational leadership style and OCB of the non
permanent employees. For the non permanent employees to raise extra role behavior / OCB is then needed the
role of a leader who is able to direct and guide them in completing the daily work tasks. For this non permanent
employees, it will create extra role behavior or more OCB due to the leader who inspires them. They need the
figure of a leader who inspires, understands the needs of subordinates. They need a leader who gives not only
orders or tasks but also a great example and real evidence to his subordinates. It is different with the status of
Civil Servants, they do not think the importance of a leader’s role in conducting extra-role behavior in
organization.
Citizenship Organizational Behavior of the Civil servants arise because of the sense of the employee’s
desire to maintain a membership in the organization and willingness to do the higher effort for achieving
organization goals. The sense of Civil Servant’s commitment to the organization is because they feel that the
organization is able to meet the needs, provide the necessary means and it has a good name and image in the
public eye. It can foster a sense of pride and loyalty on the organization and the work. The organization's
commitment of Civil servants needs to be maintained in order to conduct their more productive work.
The results of this study also mentions that the level of Organizational Citizenship Behavior on the non
permanent employees employees is higher than that of Civil Servants. It can be analyzed that the non
permanent employees who are not yet appointed to be the Civil Servants are willing to do the work outside the
main task especially the work from superiors in the hope that one day they could be appointed as permanent
employees. While for the permanent (ASN) employees because they have been in a comfort zone, OCB
displayed is not too higher than that of non permanent employees.
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