The pueblo revolt
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The Pueblo Revolt of 1680 was an uprising of Pueblo people against Spanish colonists in present-day New Mexico. The Pueblo people had initially tolerated Spanish rule and accepted Christianity while still practicing their own traditions. However, a drought in the 1670s exacerbated tensions. Missionaries also began suppressing Pueblo religious practices, planting the seeds for revolt. In 1680, Pueblo leaders coordinated a simultaneous attack on Spanish settlements that killed over 300 colonists. The revolt succeeded in driving the Spanish from the region for over a decade and allowed the Pueblo people to return to their traditional ways of life and beliefs.
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1 The Pueblo Revolt, 1680 Kevin M. Gannon (2013) Issue
1
The Pueblo Revolt, 1680
Kevin M. Gannon (2013) Issues and Controversies in History.
Were the Pueblo Indians Justified in Rebelling Against the Spanish?
The Issue
The 1680 Pueblo Revolt in the Spanish colony of New Mexico was the first—and only—
successful rebellion of Native American peoples against the Europeans who ruled them by force
during the colonial period of American history. Spanish colonizers and their Pueblo subjects
embraced diametrically opposed beliefs about the world and their place within it; the tensions
that sprang from this opposition would culminate in an extraordinary outbreak of violence and
insurrection in the summer of 1680. The Spanish believed that their colonial presence in New
Mexico was eminently justifiable, and that Spanish colonization was a mandate from God. To
the Pueblo, the Spanish used religious conversion as a vehicle of oppression, abused the native
population, and were powerless to protect the Pueblos from the numerous threats they faced to
their very survival.
• Arguments that the Spanish Presence in New Mexico Was Legitimate and Just: The
Spanish justified their conquests in the “New World” by arguing that the conversion of
Native Americans to Roman Catholicism was of paramount importance—the true Word
of God was being spread, and Indian souls were saved. Inherent in this view was a belief
that indigenous Americans were inferior to Europeans. By demonstrating the proper ways
to exploit the bountiful resources of the Americas (including plentiful amounts of silver)
and to worship the Christian God, the Spanish were undertaking a mission to “civilize”
what they saw as backwards, ignorant, and savage Indians.
• Arguments that the Spanish Presence in New Mexico Was Intolerable and that the
Spanish Must be Expelled by the Pueblo: For decades, the Pueblo had seen their land
and people mercilessly exploited by the Spanish. The Spanish had forced the Pueblo to
give them a share of their crops and other goods, leaving them with scant provisions to
sustain themselves and their families. The efforts of the Spanish Franciscan priests to
convert them to Catholicism also meant the often violent suppression of their native
religious practices. The Franciscans’ message of a loving and merciful Christian God did
not match the harsh and violent reality of Spanish colonization, which seemed to grow
worse over time.
Background
For Pedro Hidalgo, August 10, 1680, started out as probably most days did. A Spanish soldier,
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the Spanish as part of the colony of New Mexico. Early in the morning, Hidalgo and Pío had set
out from the capital of Santa Fe toward Tesuque, where the priest was to say mass. At dawn, the
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3) It briefly summarizes accusations of witchcraft against Beatriz de Padilla and disputes over religion between Spanish missionaries and an indigenous man named Diego.
Final pt 2
1) Squanto was a member of the Patuxet Native American tribe who helped the Pilgrims in Plymouth colony. He taught them how to plant corn and fish. Squanto later died in 1622.
2) Native American tribes had traditions like tests of manhood where boys were left alone in the forest in winter. Tribal leaders called sachems were chosen by prestigious members and made political decisions with other men.
3) Europeans like the French and English began visiting New England in the early 1600s to trade with Native Americans for furs and fish, but this led to conflicts over land and resources.
Final pt 2
1) Squanto was a member of the Patuxet Native American tribe who helped the Pilgrims in Plymouth colony. He taught them how to plant corn and fish. Squanto later died in 1622.
2) Native tribes had traditions like tests of manhood where men would be left alone in the forest in winter. Tribal leaders called sachems were chosen by prestigious members and made political decisions with other men.
3) Europeans like the French and English began visiting New England tribes in the early 1600s to trade for furs and fish. However, conflicts arose from differing goals and treatment of natives.
Witchcraft in the southwest
This document provides an overview of the history and religious beliefs of Hispanic and Native American groups in the Southwestern United States. It discusses the migration of Hispanics to the region beginning with the Spanish conquest. It also describes the traditional practices of brujeria (witchcraft) among Hispanics and the use of herbs and healers. The document further examines the origins and culture of Native American tribes in the Southwest, including their religious practices and role of shamans before the arrival of Europeans.
Native American Spiritulism
The document discusses Native American spirituality and its misunderstanding by 18th and 19th century Euro-Americans. It notes that Native spirituality was deeply personal and connected to community and the natural world, unlike the religious practices of European settlers. This led to conflicts over misunderstandings of spiritual practices and the desecration of sacred lands. However, elements of Native and European spiritual traditions also blended due to contact and exchange of herbal medical practices had long term influences on both cultures.
Examen sociales
1. The document discusses the differences between how the Spanish, French, and English colonized America. It explores concepts like the "land of freedom" and the "new world" and how these contrasted with the experiences of Native Americans and enslaved Africans.
2. Key factors that helped Europeans gain control over Native Americans included religion, which colonizers used to justify their actions, and profit, as settlers pursued economic opportunities through industries like fishing, lumber, and the slave trade in the South.
3. While colonizers cited religion as motivation, their actions increasingly focused on exploiting resources for wealth, bringing religion and profit into conflict as two driving forces of colonization.
SaneboyMaghuyopSotelio
The humanities include languages, literature, philosophy, religion, art and musicology. Scholars in the humanities are called humanists, though some reject this term. Terrorism uses violence to create fear and achieve political, religious or ideological aims, primarily targeting civilians. The Philippines is over 90% Christian, mostly Roman Catholic, with smaller percentages of other faiths like Islam and Buddhism. Early Christian presence dates back to Arab traders, though Spanish colonization in the 16th century spread Christianity more widely. Southern Baptists view the Bible as the ultimate authority and believe in salvation through faith in Jesus, adult baptism, local church autonomy, and other Protestant doctrines.
1 Wilkes University Passan School of Nursing Grad
This document provides a grading rubric for written assignments at Wilkes University's Passan School of Nursing Graduate Program. It evaluates assignments based on categories such as introduction, focus and sequencing, support, conclusion, grammar/spelling/punctuation, writing mechanics, and APA style. Points are awarded on a scale from unacceptable to excellent within each category based on how thoroughly and clearly the assignment addressed the topic, how well-organized and well-written it was, and whether it followed the appropriate APA style guidelines.
1 Wilkes University Passan School of Nursing Grad
1
Wilkes University
Passan School of Nursing
Graduate Program
Grading Rubric for Written Assignments
Category Unacceptable Acceptable
Good Excellent
Introduction
0
Does not adequately
convey topic. Does
not delineate
subtopics to be
discussed in the
body of text in the
assignment.
5
Briefly conveys topic
and delineates subtopics
to be discussed in the
body of text in the
assignment.
10
Clearly conveys topic
and delineates subtopics
to be discussed in the
body of text in the
assignment.
15
Strongly conveys topic
and delineates
subtopics to be
discussed in the body
of text in the
assignment.
Focus and
Sequencing
0
Content is not
related to topic and
logically organized
into subtopics; many
transitions are
unclear or
nonexistent.
8
Content related to topic;
material present within
subtopics; and some
transitions linking
subtopics and main
topic.
14
Content clearly related
to topic; logically
organized within
subtopics; and clear
transitions linking
subtopics and main
topic.
20
Content strongly
related to topic; strong
organization and
integration of content
within subtopics; and
strong transitions
linking subtopics and
main topic.
Support
0
No scholarly, peer-
reviewed support of
topic; supporting
materials are not
published within 5-7
years, as
appropriate.
8
Limited scholarly, peer-
reviewed support of
topic; most supporting
materials are published
within 5-7 years, as
appropriate.
14
Clear scholarly, peer-
reviewed support of
topic; supporting
materials are published
within 5-7 years, as
appropriate.
20
Strong scholarly, peer-
reviewed support of
topic; supporting
materials are
published within 5-7
years, as appropriate.
Conclusion 0
No summarization,
synthesis, or
insightful discussion
of topic conclusions.
New information is
introduced into the
conclusion.
5
Summarization with
some synthesis and
insightful discussion of
topic conclusions. Some
new information is
introduced into the
conclusion.
10
Clear summarization
with synthesis and
insightful discussion of
topic conclusions. No
new information is
introduced into the
conclusion.
15
Strong summarization
with synthesis and
insightful discussion
of topic conclusions.
No new information is
introduced into the
conclusion.
2
Grammar, Spelling
and Punctuation
0
Substantial
grammar, spelling,
and punctuation
errors detracting
from the
assignment.
3
Occasional spelling,
grammar, and
punctuation errors
detracting from the
assignment.
7
Minimal grammar,
spelling, and
punctuation errors not
detracting from the
assignment.
10
No grammar, spelling,
and punctuation errors.
Writing Mechanics 0
Writing mechanics
include many
awkward or unclear
passages and
informal tone not
consistent with
formal scholarly
work.
3
Writing mechanics
include awkward or
unclear pas ...
Sociales examen
The document discusses several key aspects of European colonization in the Americas:
1) Spanish rules required Native Americans to submit or face war, using rituals to demonstrate God's power and convert them to Catholicism.
2) Europeans arrived for various reasons - the Spanish for trade and gold, the English for religious freedom, the French to spread Christianity and claim land.
3) Religion and profit were intertwined forces driving European conquest and domination over Native Americans, using religion to justify theft of resources and imposition of new laws and culture.
Similar to The pueblo revolt (17)
1 The Pueblo Revolt, 1680 Kevin M. Gannon (2013) Issue
1 The Pueblo Revolt, 1680 Kevin M. Gannon (2013) Issue
1 the pueblo revolt, 1680 kevin m. gannon (2013) issue
1 the pueblo revolt, 1680 kevin m. gannon (2013) issue
The pueblo revolt
- 1. The Pueblo Revolt of 1680By: Daniel Chan A Painting from ebonyintuition.blog.com/
- 2. The Pueblo People The Pueblo people are an indigenous Indian tribe that lived in the deserts located in the Southwest region of the United States or the Rio Grande Valley. There name means “village” in Spanish and the main tribes are the Zuni, Hopi, Acoma, and Taos but there are others that are listed on the map to the left. The Pueblo people believed in the natural forces, such as the earth and animals, and felt connected to these things spiritually. They had their own set of beliefs long before the Spanish conquistadors had arrived and brought Christianity with them. Their identity were intimately related to their religion.
- 3. Initial Tolerance of Spanish The Spanish imposed their will and the encomienda system on the Pueblo people which forced them to become laborers for the colonists. Despite these negatives, they also brought along some advancements in agricultural techniques and provided protection from rival tribes such as the Apache and Navajo as a positive. As a result of these factors they lived in relative peace until 1680. The Pueblo people took in Christianity but still practiced their own beliefs and traditions.
- 4. What Caused the Revolt? There was a drought and famine during the 1670’s in the Pueblo region which resulted in more raids and attacks from local nomadic tribes. Now that life had a turn for the worse and the ruling Spanish colonists were not able to protect them from these conditions it caused a stir and antagonized the Pueblo people. A combination of not holding up their end of the deal and the forced labor on their encominendas it caused a very volatile situation ready to explode. Along with these factors, the Franciscan missionaries started to become hostile towards the Pueblo people’s traditions and idols. Once this sentiment of intolerance overtook the missionaries the seed of revolt was planted because their religious beliefs were sacred to them and important to their identity.
- 5. The Revolt Begins The incident of 1675 where the Governor Juan Francisco Trevino had 47 Pueblo medicine men arrested for practicing witchcraft caused the Pueblo leaders to react and sent forces to Santa Fe to free their brothers. Among these was one of the leaders of the revolt, Pope. Pope and a number of other Pueblo leaders are credited for the planning of the timed attack. Based on a rope that was delivered by a runner, sent by Pope, to each tribe which was tied in knots. Each knot signified a day and once the last knot was untied it was time to begin the revolt. The original date of the attack was supposed to be on August 11, 1680 but because of captured intelligence of the attack it forced it to take place on August 10, 1680. Statue of Pope
- 6. The Result of this Event They killed twenty-one of the province's forty Franciscans, and another three hundred and eighty Spaniards, including men, women, and children. Eventually the Governor of New Mexico and around 3,000 settlers left and the Pueblo people had control of their lives again. It was a chance for the Pueblo people to live as they once did, without the influence of colonial rule for a short period. The re-conquest of this region would happen in July 1692 and along with it their religion. But this time they were more tolerant of the Pueblo’s traditions and promised not to try and eradicate it any longer. Now we can see that the ancestors of the Pueblo people today in Southwestern United States region has a mixture of both Catholic religious practices and their original Pueblo traditions. Both entities have found a way to live in peace and acceptance of each other’s differences.
- 7. Wanting to Save their Traditions The fact that the Spanish threatened to eradicate the traditional practices of Pueblo life was the main cause for the revolt. It is a common theme that when a more advanced civilization brings a better quality of life to a more primitive people it is usually met with acceptance. This event explains the history of the people of this region and how they are a people of mixed traditions. We have learned that many of the Latin countries are like the Pueblo’s because they are all a mixture of European and Indian blood and have adopted Catholicism in their lives while still trying to hold onto their original beliefs, if possible. The Pueblo people can be viewed as fortunate because they were able to fight to keep their beliefs and were successful; the Mayans and Aztecs can’t say the same.