The Psychology of Sustainability Behavior: Implications for Facilities Managers
This talk will provide a framework to help you understand some different ways that people think about environmental sustainability and the use of natural resources in businesses and organizations. We will identify some best practices for communicating with and motivating different stakeholders and implementing behavior change programs. These include recognizing and honoring different beliefs, setting realistic goals, and utilizing appropriate incentives. In this model, differences of opinion about the role of sustainability in the workplace--what we will call “environmental diversity”--are seen as a source of innovation.
Slide show prepared for a series of lectures on environmentalism for PS 240 Introduction to Political Theory at the University of Kentucky, Fall 2007. Dr. Christopher S. Rice, Lecturer.
The SHIFT framework is a practical tool for finding the best ways to encourage ecologically sustainable consumer behavior, whether the solution is a product, a service or behavior change. It is intendent for marketing practitioners, companies large and small, marketing agencies, and societal marketers. The framework is based on a thorough review of the scientific literature on sustainable consumer behavior.
Presentation by professor Kate White, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
Lnc Alumni Group Water Presentation #2Julie Wright
Dr Wesley Schultz, Psychology Professor, California State University San Marcos, January 2009, Conservation PPT to Leadership North County Alumni Group
How is your company responding to the new realities of the market?
Is it evolving or going back to 'business-as-usual'?
How is the behavior of your company and in your company getting in the way of sustained, improved performance?
The critical constraint to business growth is not how much money you have but how well your company can create sustainable change in behavior - of leaders, of employees and teams, of customers, of suppliers.
If we know that so many acquisitions fail, and we have an idea of why they fail, then why do transactions continue to fail? A look at possible deeper causes behind transaction failure and steps to make them more successful.
Lorrie Vogel Implementing Sustainability in Behavior and Practice - Opportun...Michael Flynn
Lorrie Vogel's presentation discussing the role of sustainability issues in future management behavior and practice, identifying the most important aspects of the challenges of managing for sustainability.
This report outlines the design and results of the HomeLabs research project on sustainable household water use. Part of the Irish, EPA-funded CONSENSUS research project (www.consensus.ie), HomeLabs used ethnographic methods to evaluate novel social and technical interventions for sustainable water use in the home. Working with commercial, NGO and public sector stakeholders, I managed our water research that focused on solutions for more sustainable personal washing practices. The study showed that integrated supports including tools to enhance real-time visibility of water consumption, methods to build understanding of water provision, and novel washing products could shift current washing behaviours to enable substantial water reduction. Policy, education and commercial recommendations are made as a result.
Higher levels of consumption and wealth do not necessarily increase personal well-being, and an increasing amount of consumers are interested in making more sustainable choices. What role does business play in offering consumers better alternatives via innovation, choice editing and choice influencing? Nokia is transitioning into a solutions provider, and mobile technology innovations hold a potential for changing the way we live, from improving livelihoods to embracing more sustainable lifestyles. Listen to Kirsi Sormunen discuss these topics, packaging, energy consumption, and more.
Study: The Future of VR, AR and Self-Driving CarsLinkedIn
We asked LinkedIn members worldwide about their levels of interest in the latest wave of technology: whether they’re using wearables, and whether they intend to buy self-driving cars and VR headsets as they become available. We asked them too about their attitudes to technology and to the growing role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the devices that they use. The answers were fascinating – and in many cases, surprising.
This SlideShare explores the full results of this study, including detailed market-by-market breakdowns of intention levels for each technology – and how attitudes change with age, location and seniority level. If you’re marketing a tech brand – or planning to use VR and wearables to reach a professional audience – then these are insights you won’t want to miss.
Whats new in Behavioural Economics for Sustainability.pdfTapestryWorks
These are the slides from my presentation for Thammasat University School of Global Studies on 15 June 2022. I discuss some of the most recent developments and debates in behavioural economics with a focus on its application to sustainability issues. All the examples are taken from the course I teach as part of the Masters degree program in Social Innovation and Sustainability.
1
Positive Social Change
Name: Christabel Ekechukwu
Institution: Walden University
Date: 11/05/2016
Walden makes the implication that in order for social change to exist, there must be pragmatic efforts to cause the intended change, whether by taking action as an individual or as group. Therefore, in the effort to create environment and living conditions that produce a society of happy, healthy people, actions must support and reinforce environmental health and enable people to adopt and maintain healthy relationship with their environment for the sake of happiness and well-being of others and the sustainability of the environment. As a conservation psychologist, I endeavor to promote positive social change through encouraging a healthy and sustainable relationship between human and nature.
Typically, comprehending and promoting the linkage between humans and the natural world greatly boost sustainable behaviors such as recycling and hence, reinforcing on environmental development and sustainability. Ideally, I chose the role of the conservation psychologist due to the fact that, people are interwoven and inseparable with the natural ecosystem. It is imperative to understand the way people experience, think about, and relate with nature in order to promote environmental sustainability and human well-being.
In my course of advocating for healthy environment and human well-being, I do not concentrate on creating small behavior changes rather, I desire for people to re-evaluate, rethink and prioritize their relationship with nature. I educate people to develop positive attitude towards environment. They need to affirm their identities and push for protection of nature and be the steward own valued places. People need to be courageous to correct their own values, systems and lifestyle through self-validation and system justification by advocating for conservation of environment, and encouraging people to participate actively, I help them understand the complex sources of environmental attitudes and behavior. Paradoxically, encouraging human well-being and ignoring on the threats to the natural environment, lead to depletion of resources, which later people complain of the adverse effects. In this regard, I encourage people to establish a connection with the environment to represent a positive image of oneself. For instance, tendering a beautiful.
At an individual level, a person has to develop profound connections with natural environment. Of course, an individual loves some natural entity like a tree, an animal or a lake. This implies that the human connection to nature is an integral part of human existence. When a person has strong connection to the environment, he/she will be able to champion for it preservation and will not be bound by structured public policies that propagate indiscriminate exploitation of natural resources (Clayton, and Myers, 2015; Roth and Sweatt, 2011). Indeed, social structure often determine how ...
Slide show prepared for a series of lectures on environmentalism for PS 240 Introduction to Political Theory at the University of Kentucky, Fall 2007. Dr. Christopher S. Rice, Lecturer.
The SHIFT framework is a practical tool for finding the best ways to encourage ecologically sustainable consumer behavior, whether the solution is a product, a service or behavior change. It is intendent for marketing practitioners, companies large and small, marketing agencies, and societal marketers. The framework is based on a thorough review of the scientific literature on sustainable consumer behavior.
Presentation by professor Kate White, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
Lnc Alumni Group Water Presentation #2Julie Wright
Dr Wesley Schultz, Psychology Professor, California State University San Marcos, January 2009, Conservation PPT to Leadership North County Alumni Group
How is your company responding to the new realities of the market?
Is it evolving or going back to 'business-as-usual'?
How is the behavior of your company and in your company getting in the way of sustained, improved performance?
The critical constraint to business growth is not how much money you have but how well your company can create sustainable change in behavior - of leaders, of employees and teams, of customers, of suppliers.
If we know that so many acquisitions fail, and we have an idea of why they fail, then why do transactions continue to fail? A look at possible deeper causes behind transaction failure and steps to make them more successful.
Lorrie Vogel Implementing Sustainability in Behavior and Practice - Opportun...Michael Flynn
Lorrie Vogel's presentation discussing the role of sustainability issues in future management behavior and practice, identifying the most important aspects of the challenges of managing for sustainability.
This report outlines the design and results of the HomeLabs research project on sustainable household water use. Part of the Irish, EPA-funded CONSENSUS research project (www.consensus.ie), HomeLabs used ethnographic methods to evaluate novel social and technical interventions for sustainable water use in the home. Working with commercial, NGO and public sector stakeholders, I managed our water research that focused on solutions for more sustainable personal washing practices. The study showed that integrated supports including tools to enhance real-time visibility of water consumption, methods to build understanding of water provision, and novel washing products could shift current washing behaviours to enable substantial water reduction. Policy, education and commercial recommendations are made as a result.
Higher levels of consumption and wealth do not necessarily increase personal well-being, and an increasing amount of consumers are interested in making more sustainable choices. What role does business play in offering consumers better alternatives via innovation, choice editing and choice influencing? Nokia is transitioning into a solutions provider, and mobile technology innovations hold a potential for changing the way we live, from improving livelihoods to embracing more sustainable lifestyles. Listen to Kirsi Sormunen discuss these topics, packaging, energy consumption, and more.
Study: The Future of VR, AR and Self-Driving CarsLinkedIn
We asked LinkedIn members worldwide about their levels of interest in the latest wave of technology: whether they’re using wearables, and whether they intend to buy self-driving cars and VR headsets as they become available. We asked them too about their attitudes to technology and to the growing role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the devices that they use. The answers were fascinating – and in many cases, surprising.
This SlideShare explores the full results of this study, including detailed market-by-market breakdowns of intention levels for each technology – and how attitudes change with age, location and seniority level. If you’re marketing a tech brand – or planning to use VR and wearables to reach a professional audience – then these are insights you won’t want to miss.
Whats new in Behavioural Economics for Sustainability.pdfTapestryWorks
These are the slides from my presentation for Thammasat University School of Global Studies on 15 June 2022. I discuss some of the most recent developments and debates in behavioural economics with a focus on its application to sustainability issues. All the examples are taken from the course I teach as part of the Masters degree program in Social Innovation and Sustainability.
1
Positive Social Change
Name: Christabel Ekechukwu
Institution: Walden University
Date: 11/05/2016
Walden makes the implication that in order for social change to exist, there must be pragmatic efforts to cause the intended change, whether by taking action as an individual or as group. Therefore, in the effort to create environment and living conditions that produce a society of happy, healthy people, actions must support and reinforce environmental health and enable people to adopt and maintain healthy relationship with their environment for the sake of happiness and well-being of others and the sustainability of the environment. As a conservation psychologist, I endeavor to promote positive social change through encouraging a healthy and sustainable relationship between human and nature.
Typically, comprehending and promoting the linkage between humans and the natural world greatly boost sustainable behaviors such as recycling and hence, reinforcing on environmental development and sustainability. Ideally, I chose the role of the conservation psychologist due to the fact that, people are interwoven and inseparable with the natural ecosystem. It is imperative to understand the way people experience, think about, and relate with nature in order to promote environmental sustainability and human well-being.
In my course of advocating for healthy environment and human well-being, I do not concentrate on creating small behavior changes rather, I desire for people to re-evaluate, rethink and prioritize their relationship with nature. I educate people to develop positive attitude towards environment. They need to affirm their identities and push for protection of nature and be the steward own valued places. People need to be courageous to correct their own values, systems and lifestyle through self-validation and system justification by advocating for conservation of environment, and encouraging people to participate actively, I help them understand the complex sources of environmental attitudes and behavior. Paradoxically, encouraging human well-being and ignoring on the threats to the natural environment, lead to depletion of resources, which later people complain of the adverse effects. In this regard, I encourage people to establish a connection with the environment to represent a positive image of oneself. For instance, tendering a beautiful.
At an individual level, a person has to develop profound connections with natural environment. Of course, an individual loves some natural entity like a tree, an animal or a lake. This implies that the human connection to nature is an integral part of human existence. When a person has strong connection to the environment, he/she will be able to champion for it preservation and will not be bound by structured public policies that propagate indiscriminate exploitation of natural resources (Clayton, and Myers, 2015; Roth and Sweatt, 2011). Indeed, social structure often determine how ...
The purpose of this lecture is primarily to introduce and explore the main themes and foci of environmental psychology and to also consider inter-relations between environmental and social psychology.
Sustainability Science
“emerging field of research dealing with the interactions between natural and social systems, and with how those interactions affect the challenge of sustainability: meeting the needs of present and future generations while substantially reducing poverty and conserving the planet's life support systems”
National Academies of Science, 2011
Professor Geoffrey Beattie: Manufacturing a "Green Revolution" - some psychol...Communicate
Presentation delivered by Professor Geoffrey Beattie, University of Manchester as part of the "Psychology of Persuasion" session at Communicate 2011. Communicate is the annual conference for environmental communicators and is an initiative of the Bristol Natural History Consortium.
In October of 2011, KAB held a recycling behavior change symposium with academics and practitioners. This is an overview for many of the presentations.
This lecture will help you understandThe meaning of the t.docxchristalgrieg
This lecture will help you understand:The meaning of the term environmentThe importance of natural resourcesThat environmental science is interdisciplinary The scientific method and how science operatesSome pressures facing the global environmentSustainability and sustainable development
Environment: the total of our surroundings
All the things around us with which we interact:
Living things
Animals, plants, forests, fungi, etc.
Non-living things
Continents, oceans, clouds, soil, rocks
Our built environment
Buildings, human-created living centers
Social relationships and institutions
Humans exist within the environmentHumans exist within the environment and are part of nature.Our survival depends on a healthy, functioning planet.The fundamental insight of environmental science is that we are part of the natural world.Our interactions with its other parts matter a great deal.
Humans and the world around usHumans depend completely on the environment for survival.Enriched and longer lives, increased wealth, health, mobility, leisure timeBut natural systems have been degraded Pollution, erosion, and species extinctionEnvironmental changes threaten long-term health and survival.Environmental science is the study of:How the natural world worksHow the environment affects humans and vice versaWith environmental problems come opportunities for solutions.
Natural resources: vital to human survival
Natural resources = substances and energy sources needed for survival
Natural resources: vital to human survivalRenewable resources:Perpetually available: sunlight, wind, wave energyRenew themselves over short periods of time: timber, water, soilThese can be destroyedNon-renewable resources: can be depletedOil, coal, minerals
Global human population growthMore than 6.7 billion humansWhy so many humans?Agricultural revolutionStable food suppliesIndustrial revolutionUrbanized society powered by fossil fuelsSanitation and medicinesMore food
Thomas Malthus and human population
Thomas Malthus
Population growth must be controlled, or it will outstrip food production.
Starvation, war, disease
Neo-Malthusians
Population growth has disastrous effects.
Paul and Anne Ehrlich, The Population Bomb (1968)
Agricultural advances have only postponed crises.
Resource consumption exerts impacts
Garret Hardin’s “tragedy of the commons” (1968)
Unregulated exploitation causes resource depletion
Grazing lands, forests, air, water
No one has the incentive to care for a resource.
Everyone takes what he or she can until the resource is depleted.
Solution
?
Private ownership?
Voluntary organization to enforce responsible use?
Governmental regulations?
The “ecological footprint”The environmental impact of a person or populationAmount of biologically productive land + water For resources and to dispose/recycle wasteOvershoot: humans have surpassed the Earth’s capacity to support us
We are using 30% more of the planet’s resources than are available on a sustain ...
Marketing to Expand the Practice of Behaviors Associated with Food Literacycraig lefebvre
A presentation to the US Institute of Medicine's Food Forum workshop on food literacy on 4 September 2015. We need to think about solving for the micro-macro problem when designing programs. This means using diffusion of innovation theory and research to segment and characterize population groups and direct address the innovation chasm in program design in order to have successful programs 'at scale.' New research methods are needed to overcome depth deficits and the say-mean gap. One approach is to learn from positive deviants (or innovators) - people who have already adopted 'food literate' behaviors. These insights then need to be transformed into webs of change that focus on making change observable (estimates are that 90% of of what people learn is through watching others), intervening with social networks, and being sure to connect across the innovation chasm the early adopters with the early majority. One person's experience with eating on $4.20/day (the SNAP challenge) is explored to show how new insights and discovery can be made regarding these behaviors. Social marketing is then used to design and implement programs at scale, and a summary of lessons learned from social marketing research on improving nutrition lays out guide rails for program design. Finally, marketing means expanding from 1P approaches, whether they are Place-based or Promotion ones, and food literacy programs need to make science practice-based - that is, grounded in people's realities, their needs, problems to solve and dreams.
Explore our most comprehensive guide on lookback analysis at SafePaaS, covering access governance and how it can transform modern ERP audits. Browse now!
Affordable Stationery Printing Services in Jaipur | Navpack n PrintNavpack & Print
Looking for professional printing services in Jaipur? Navpack n Print offers high-quality and affordable stationery printing for all your business needs. Stand out with custom stationery designs and fast turnaround times. Contact us today for a quote!
Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
Forward-thinking leaders and business managers understand the impact that discipline has on organisational success. A disciplined workforce operates with clarity, focus, and a shared understanding of expectations, ultimately driving better results, optimising productivity, and facilitating seamless collaboration.
Although discipline is not a one-size-fits-all approach, it can help create a work environment that encourages personal growth and accountability rather than solely relying on punitive measures.
In this deck, you will learn the significance of workplace discipline for organisational success. You’ll also learn
• Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
• The best and most practical approach to implementing workplace discipline.
• Three (3) key tips to maintain a disciplined workplace.
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Remote sensing and monitoring are changing the mining industry for the better. These are providing innovative solutions to long-standing challenges. Those related to exploration, extraction, and overall environmental management by mining technology companies Odisha. These technologies make use of satellite imaging, aerial photography and sensors to collect data that might be inaccessible or from hazardous locations. With the use of this technology, mining operations are becoming increasingly efficient. Let us gain more insight into the key aspects associated with remote sensing and monitoring when it comes to mining.
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
India Orthopedic Devices Market: Unlocking Growth Secrets, Trends and Develop...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, “India Orthopedic Devices Market -Industry Size, Share, Trends, Competition Forecast & Opportunities, 2030”, the India Orthopedic Devices Market stood at USD 1,280.54 Million in 2024 and is anticipated to grow with a CAGR of 7.84% in the forecast period, 2026-2030F. The India Orthopedic Devices Market is being driven by several factors. The most prominent ones include an increase in the elderly population, who are more prone to orthopedic conditions such as osteoporosis and arthritis. Moreover, the rise in sports injuries and road accidents are also contributing to the demand for orthopedic devices. Advances in technology and the introduction of innovative implants and prosthetics have further propelled the market growth. Additionally, government initiatives aimed at improving healthcare infrastructure and the increasing prevalence of lifestyle diseases have led to an upward trend in orthopedic surgeries, thereby fueling the market demand for these devices.
Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
What is Enterprise Excellence?
Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
"𝑩𝑬𝑮𝑼𝑵 𝑾𝑰𝑻𝑯 𝑻𝑱 𝑰𝑺 𝑯𝑨𝑳𝑭 𝑫𝑶𝑵𝑬"
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 (𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 provides unlimited package services including such as Event organizing, Event planning, Event production, Manpower, PR marketing, Design 2D/3D, VIP protocols, Interpreter agency, etc.
Sports events - Golf competitions/billiards competitions/company sports events: dynamic and challenging
⭐ 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬:
➢ 2024 BAEKHYUN [Lonsdaleite] IN HO CHI MINH
➢ SUPER JUNIOR-L.S.S. THE SHOW : Th3ee Guys in HO CHI MINH
➢FreenBecky 1st Fan Meeting in Vietnam
➢CHILDREN ART EXHIBITION 2024: BEYOND BARRIERS
➢ WOW K-Music Festival 2023
➢ Winner [CROSS] Tour in HCM
➢ Super Show 9 in HCM with Super Junior
➢ HCMC - Gyeongsangbuk-do Culture and Tourism Festival
➢ Korean Vietnam Partnership - Fair with LG
➢ Korean President visits Samsung Electronics R&D Center
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"𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲, 𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲. 𝐖𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬."
Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
The Psychology of Sustainability Behavior - For Facilities Managers Doherty 11-21-13 IFMA Portland
1. The Psychology of Sustainability Behavior:
Implications for Facilities Managers
Thomas Joseph Doherty
Sustainable Self, LLC
Lewis & Clark Graduate School
2. This talk will provide a framework to help you understand some
different ways that people think about environmental sustainability
and the use of natural resources in businesses and organizations.
We will identify some best practices for communicating with and
motivating different stakeholders and implementing behavior
change programs. These include recognizing and honoring
different beliefs, setting realistic goals, and utilizing appropriate
incentives.
In this model, differences of opinion about the role of sustainability
in the workplace--what we will call “environmental diversity”--are
seen as a source of innovation.
3. Some of my ground rules and assumptions when
talking with people and groups about “nature,”
“environmental issues” and “sustainability” ...
4. Ecological Topics = Hard to Stay on task
"When we try to pick out anything
by itself, we find it hitched to
everything else in the Universe."
John Muir (1911/ 1988). My First Summer in the Sierra. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, Sierra Club Books
6. Clients & Speaking
Thomas Doherty
Environmental Psychology
Background
Training
Current Activities
PSYCHOLOGY
& GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
addressing a multifaceted phenomenon and set of challenges
A Report of the American Psychological Association
Task Force on the Interface Between Psychology & Global Climate Change
8. A Causal Model of Environmental Behavior
8
Social background and socialization
7
External conditions (incentives and constraints)
6
Basic values
5
Environmental worldview
4
Attitudes, beliefs and personal norms about environmental
behaviors
3
Behavior-specific knowledge
2
Behavioral commitment
1
“Environmentally-relevant behavior”
Stern, P. C. (2000). Psychology and the science of human-environment interactions. American Psychologist, 55 523-530.
9. Achieving the behavior
Social background and socialization
External conditions (incentives and constraints)
Basic values
Environmental worldview
Attitudes, beliefs and personal norms about environmental
behaviors
Behavior-specific knowledge
Behavioral commitment
Environmentally-relevant behavior
10. Hitting a barrier
Social background and socialization
External conditions (incentives and constraints)
Basic values
Environmental worldview
Attitudes, beliefs and personal norms about environmental
behaviors
Behavior-specific knowledge?
Behavioral commitment
Environmentally-relevant behavior
11. Points of Leverage?
8
7
External conditions (incentives and constraints)
6
Basic values
5
Environmental worldview
4
?
Social background and socialization
Personal norms about environmental behaviors
3
Behavior-specific knowledge
2
Behavioral commitment
1
Environmentally-relevant behavior
12. Points of Leverage?
8
7
External conditions (incentives and constraints)
6
Basic values
5
Environmental worldview
4
?
Social background and socialization
Personal norms about environmental behaviors
3
Behavior-specific knowledge
2
Behavioral commitment
1
Environmentally-relevant behavior
14. Sources of “Environmental Identity”
• Childhood & family
• Experience and skills in the
Outdoors
• Love for places, animals and
plants
• Social Group Influences
• Experience of environmental
destruction or loss
• Competing influences and the
current situation
15. Common Sources of Environmental Values
• Religious and Spiritual Values
• Stewardship, Self Transcendence
• Human-centered Values
• Descendants and Future Generations (Value and Ethics), Utilitarian
Arguments, Aesthetic Arguments
• “Biospheric” Values
• Humanity is Part of Nature, Rights of Species to Continue, Intrinsic
Rights of Nature
16. Universal Values about Nature & Wildlife
Utilitarian
Primary interest in the practical value of animals, or in the subordination of animals for the
practical benefit of people.
Scientistic
Primary' interest in the physical attributes and biological functioning of animals.
Ecologistic
Primary concern for the environment as a system, for interrelationships between wildlife
species and natural habitats.
Naturalistic
Primary focus on an interest and affection for wildlife and the outdoors.
Aesthetic
Primary interest in the physical attractiveness and symbolic appeal of animals.
Moralistic
Primary concern for the right and wrong treatment of animals, with strong opposition to
presumed overexploitation and/or cruelty towards animals.
Humanistic
Primary interest and strong affection for individual animals such as pets or large wild animals
with strong anthropomorphic associations.
Domination
Primary interest in the mastery and control of animals.
Negativistic
Primary orientation on avoidance of animals due to indifference, dislike, or fear.
Kellert, Stephen (1997). Kinship to mastery: Biophilia in human evolution and development.
Washington, DC, US: Island Press.
17. Broad Environmental Stories
• Survivalists (Back to the land)
• Sustainable Development (“Green
Business” & CSR Folks)
• Prometheans (Unlimited Growth)
• Administrators (Leave it to the
experts)
• Democratic Pragmatists ( Leave it to
the people)
• Economic Rationalists (Leave it to
the market)
• Ecological Technology (“Tech
People”)
• Green Romantics (Inner
Consciousness)
• Green Radicals (Changing the Whole
System)
From Dryzek: The Politics of the Earth
18. Pathways to Environmental Advocacy
Empowerment
• Awareness (Salience)
• Empowerment (Seeing oneself
as an actor)
Awareness
• Practical Experience (Increasing
Knowledge & Resources)
Practical Experience
Kempton, W., & Holland (2003) Identity and Sustained Environmental Practice. In S. Clayton & S. Opotow, Identity and the
Natural Environment: The Psychological Significance of Nature (317-341). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
33. Common Stages of Behavior Change
n
Disinterest – “ I won’t change.”
n
Deliberation – “I might change.”
n
Design – “I will change (I am making a plan)”
n
Doing – “I am doing the new behavior”
n
Defending – “I’m keeping it going.”
Doppelt, Bob (2008). The power of sustainable thinking. London: Earthscan.
35. What are Social Norms?
•Norms are perceptions or beliefs about how others typically
behave in a given context, that in turn guide our behavior.
•These are often unspoken, picked up by non verbal cues,
or based on people’s perceptions.
•“When in Rome...”
•Key Point: People do what (they believe) most people do,
and importantly, what they believe people like them do
36. Misusing Norms
Focusing on the undesired
behavior or highlighting the
wrong statistics can actually
increase the undesired behavior.
(If this is what most people are
doing, then why aren’t I doing it
too?)
37. Petrified Forest
National Park Study
n
Tested two versions of a
sign imploring people
not to take pieces of
petrified wood:
n
“Large amounts of
petrified wood taken
away on an annual
basis- Please don’t.”
n
“Please do not remove
petrified wood.”
38. Results
n Message
one tripled the theft ratio (as
it showed stealing petrified wood as
something commonplace)
n Message
two resulted in slightly
less theft
41. Effective
n
A sign in the bathroom said that many prior guests chose to be
environmentally friendly by recycling their towels.
42. Most Effective
n
When the message mentioned that the “majority of the guests in
this specific room” reused their towels
n
Towel recycling jumped 33%
44. Portland Airport “Sort It and Win” Program
Food
Waste
Diversion
at
Portland
International
Airport
(PDX):
A
team
member
conducted
random,
weekly
visits
to
each
restaurant
kitchen
in
the
terminal.
When
employees
were
spotted
sorting
food
waste
correctly,
they
were
immediately
handed
a
$5
gift
card.
The
Port
handed
out
approximately
275
rewards
cards
to
employees
over
a
three
month
period.
Feedback:
Restaurant
employees
were
excited,
positive
relationships
formed,
trust
was
built,
and
food
waste
ended
up
in
the
correct
bin.
Food
waste
collection
increased
59
percent
over
the
same
three-‐month
period
in
the
previous
year,
and
the
numbers
remained
relatively
high
the
rest
of
the
year.
Nativ, M. (2013, April) FOOD WASTE DIVERSION AT INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT BioCycle
46. Community-based Social Marketing
1.
Do your homework
1.
2.
n
Research what works
Observation, surveys and focus groups
Use effective strategies
n
n
n
n
Commitment, Prompts, Norms, Effective Communications,
Incentives, Removing Barriers
Pilot and refine your program
Roll it out and evaluate impact
Demonstrate results and gain support
McKenzie-Mohr & Smith (1999). Fostering sustainable behavior. New Society Publishers.
48. “Staying Alive” as a Conservation Leader
How hard to push?
In terms of
problems, how far
“up stream” you
want to go
How much of the
system to take on?
What is your role?
49. Adaptive Leadership
Technological Leadership (applies
“solutions” to clearly identified problems)
Adaptive Leadership (leads group through
a process of change and growth)
Mobilizing people to evolve new strategies
and capabilities to thrive under challenging
or complex circumstances.
Heiftez, R. (1998). Leadership without easy answers. Harvard University Press
50. Sources of Leadership in Organizations
Formal Authority
Outside
Influences
What direction(s) is
leadership coming from?
Organization
Change Agents
Within
How to use the forces of
change?
How to “stay alive” while
leading?
51. Advanced Organizational Strategies
• Power Map (Understand and use the forces of leadership in the system)
• Laser Focus on Zone of Proximal Development (Keep pressure on the
growing edge, keep taking in the slack)
• Island Hopping (Pick your battles; bypass and wait out the hold outs)
• Planting Seeds (Create long term programs that will bear fruit after you are
gone.)
• Navel Gazing (Consistently direct the focus on values, mission, the higher
good -- what feels right in peoples’ gut and draw links to policy actions)
52. Link with your Expertise
Examples:
Your Project Management Training
Your Technical Specialty
Your Social Capital
53. Research: Principles for Intervening to Change
Environmentally Destructive Behavior
A. Use multiple intervention types to address the factors limiting behavior change
1. Limiting factors are numerous (e.g., technology, attitudes, knowledge, money, convenience, trust)
2. Limiting factors vary with actor and situation, and over time
3. Limiting factors affect each other
B. Understand the situation from the actor’s perspective
C. When limiting factors are psychological, apply understanding of human choice processes
1. Get the actors’ attention; make limited cognitive demands
2. Apply principles of community management (credibility, commitment, face-to-face communication,
etc.)
D. Address conditions beyond the individual that constrain proenvironmental choice
E. Set realistic expectations about outcomes
F. Continually monitor responses and adjust programs accordingly
G. Stay within the bounds of actors’ tolerance for intervention
H. Use participatory methods of decision making
G.T. Gardner and P.C. Stern, 1996 Environmental Problems and Human Behavior (p.159). Boston: Allyn and Bacon
54. Research Take-Aways
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Multiple tactics for multiple barriers
Understand from persons perspective
Get attention / Make limited demands
Set realistic expectations
Work within tolerance level
Use participatory methods
55. Some additional take-away points
• Worldview does matter: Green’s double down when criticized, Non-Greens
tend to give up...
• “Incentives to facilitate not to motivate.”
• “Go for the flow.” Use an assimilation strategy in behavioral programs when
possible (i.e., create options that are seamless, automatic or low effort).
• Adopt an “Island Hopping Strategy” – Don’t fight for every beachhead against
defenders willing to hold out to the last.
• Sustainability is a long term investment in relationships.
• Take Care of Yourself: “Despair is fatigue in disguise.”
56. Real World Case Studies?
Discussion of attendees’ projects, successes and challenges. What Best
Practices can we apply?
60. Mohr, Lee, Schultz &
Kotler (2011) Social
Marketing to Protect
the Environment
A good reference from some
colleagues with examples of
successful behavior change
programs.
