The document discusses the passive voice in English. It begins by comparing the passive voice in English and Spanish. It then explains the structural changes that occur when changing from the active to the passive voice in English. Specifically, the subject becomes the object, the direct object becomes the subject, and the verb is changed to "to be" plus the past participle. The document provides examples of changing active voice sentences to the passive voice. It also discusses using the passive voice with complex sentences and the causative have construction.

1. THE
PASSIVE
VOICE

2. THE PASSIVE VOICE
 La pasiva inglesa se usa más que en español, ya
que nosotros contamos con recursos lingüísticos
como el sujeto omitido o el uso de “se” que nos
permiten no mencionar al agente de la acción
verbal:
 “Se venden libros aquí” –
 “Books are sold here”
 “A su padre lo mataron en la guerra” -
 “His father was killed in the war”

3. Los cambios estructurales son
bastante simples:
 Sujeto activo.  Desaparece la mayoría de
las veces o aparece como
complemento agente
precedido de “by”.
 Objeto inmediato al
verbo.  Pasa a sujeto pasivo.
 Verbo activo.
 Se convierte en pasivo

4. Pasivizar el verbo no es más que sustituirlo por
“to be” y añadir su participio de pasado.
(v )V
To be: Ved/past participle:
(V):
Sustituimos el verbo El verbo principal aparece
Si hay un modal o principal por el
un auxiliar, este siempre en su forma de participio
no cambia, pero
verbo to be en la de pasado en pasiva.
se adapta al misma forma en que
nuevo sujeto. aparece éste.

5. Resulta fundamental que estemos familiarizados
con la conjugación del verbo “to be”:
Simple Continuous Perfect
Present
Past
Future
Conditional
Going to
Modal

6. Resulta fundamental que estemos familiarizados con la
conjugación del verbo “to be”:
Simple Continuous Perfect
Present Am am being Have been
Is Is being Has been
are Are being
Past Was Was being Had been
were Were being
Future Will be Will be being Will have been
Conditional Would be Would be being Would have been
Going to Is going to be Was going to be
Am going to be Were going to be
Are going to be
Modal Must be Must be being Must have been

7. Veamos algunos ejemplos de cómo
transformar el verbo activo en pasivo:
 She paints her house every day.
 She is painting the house right now.
 She hasn’t painted the house yet.
 She will paint the house again.
 She painted the house last year.
 She will have to paint the house
again.
 She wants to paint the house.

8.  She paints her house every year.
 Her house is painted every year.
 She is painting the house right now.
 The house is being painted right now.
 She hasn’t painted the houses yet.
 The houses haven’t been painted yet.
 She will paint the house again.
 The house will be painted again.
 She painted the house last year.
 The house was painted last year.
 She will have to paint the house again.
 The house will have to be painted again.
 She wants to paint the house.
 She wants the house to be painted.

9. Objetos indirectos o precedidos de
preposición.
 A diferencia del español, que sólo permite
que el objeto directo se convierta en sujeto
pasivo, en inglés podemos poner en pasiva
el indirecto o incluso el objeto de un
“phrasal” o “prepositional verb”.
 Si dudáis entre el objeto directo y el
indirecto, optad por el más cercano al verbo,
que suele ser el indirecto.

10. Vamos a probar con las siguientes
oraciones:
 The university offered him a
scholarship
 They have sent Mary a postcard for
her birthday.
 I will show them around Olvera next
time.
 Children can’t play with these toys
safely.
 He sometimes looks after his sister.

11.  The university offered him a scholarship
 He was offered a scholarship by the
university.
 They have sent Mary a postcard for her birthday.
 Mary has been sent a postcard for her
birthday.
 I will show them around Olvera next time.
 They will be shown around Olvera next
time.
 Children can’t play with these toys safely.
 These toys can’t be played with safely.
 He sometimes looks after his sister.
 His sister is sometimes looked after by
him.

12. ¿Qué hacemos si tenemos una oración
compleja en vez de una simple?
“Everybody knows that he is in love with Anne.”
 Normalmente tenemos dos opciones:
3. Usamos el “it” impersonal como sujeto pasivo del
verbo principal y no hacemos cambios en la
subordinada.
“It is known that he is in love with Anne”.
5. Optamos por usar el sujeto subordinado como
sujeto pasivo y convertimos el verbo subordinado
en infinitivo.
“He is known to be in love with Anne”.

13. Prueba con estas oraciones:
 We know that he eats no meat at all.
 Everybody expects he will become a
millionaire sooner or later.
 The police suppose they sell drugs
for a living.
 People believed that he won the prize
last year.
 The judge thinks that he told the
truth at court.

14.  We know that he eats no meat at all.
 It is known that he eats no meat at all.
 He is known to eat no meat at all.
 Everybody expects he will become a millionaire sooner or later.
 It is expected that he will become a millionaire sooner or
later.
 He is expected to become a millionaire sooner or later.
 The police suppose they sell drugs for a living.
 It is supposed that they sell drugs for a living.
 They are supposed to sell drugs for a living.
 People believed that he won the prize last year.
 It was believed that he won the prize last year.
 He was believed to have won the prize last year.
 The judge thinks that he told the truth at court.
 It is thought that he told the truth at court.
 He is thought to have told the truth at court.

15. Have causativo.
Conviene diferenciar las estructuras:
 Activa: “Mary paints her house every
summer”. Lo hace ella misma.
 Pasiva: “Mary’s house is painted every
summer”. Puede que lo haga ella o puede
que contrate a alguien. A saber.
 Causativa: “Mary has her house painted
every summer”. Contrata a un profesional.

16. Estructura del causativo:
.
Sujeto Verbo Objeto Verbo en
participio
to de
que ordena la have pasado.
acción aunque
conjugado
no la lleva a cabo
como
directamente.
corresponda

17. Intenta expresar esta frase de
las tres formas:
“Al Capone mató al testigo”
 Activa: Se lo cargó él.
 Pasiva: Se lo cargaron
 Causativa: Mandó a uno de sus
“esbirros”.

18. Intenta expresar esta frase de
las tres formas:
“Al Capone mató al testigo”
 Activa: Se lo cargó él.
 “Al Capone killed the witness”.
 Pasiva: Se lo cargaron
 “The witness was killed by Al Capone”
 Causativa: Mandó a uno de sus “esbirros”.
 “Al Capone had the witness killed”

19. Prueba con esta otra:
“Me cortaré el pelo la semana
que viene”
 Activa:Soy un excelente peluquero.
 Pasiva:
 Causativa: Recurro a un profesional.

20. Prueba con esta otra:
“Me cortaré el pelo la semana
que viene”
 Activa:Soy un excelente peluquero.
 “I will cut my hair next week”
 Pasiva:
 “My hair will be cut next week”.
 Causativa: Recurro a un profesional.
 “I will have my hair cut next week”.