The document discusses the Norman Conquest of England in 1066 and its effects on the English language. William the Conqueror invaded and became king, bringing French nobility who adopted French as the language of the upper classes and government. While English was spoken by common people, it was seen with indifference by French elites for over 200 years as French was more useful for international affairs. English gradually incorporated some French words as the languages interacted after the Conquest.