The Muscles of the Thoracic Cage.pptx
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The thoracic cage contains five muscle groups that act to change the volume of the thoracic cavity during respiration. The three groups of intercostal muscles (external, internal, and innermost) run between the ribs and have actions that include elevating or depressing the ribs. The transversus thoracis muscles depress the ribs weakly, while the subcostals share the actions of the internal intercostals in elevating or depressing the ribs. Some other muscles attach to but do not comprise the thoracic wall, such as the pectorals and scalenes.
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The document summarizes various muscles of the trunk, including:
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- Three layered muscles of the abdominal wall that form a strong protective covering over the abdominal cavity.
- Back muscles that allow movement and stabilize the trunk, including erector spinae and interspinalis groups.
- Pelvic floor muscles like levator ani and coccygeus that form a hammock-like floor across the pelvis.
- Shoulder muscles that attach the upper extremity and allow movement, including pectoralis major, deltoid, serratus anterior, trapezius and levator scapulae
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The posterior abdominal wall is made up of bony, muscular, and fascial structures. The bony portion includes the lumbar vertebrae. Three muscles form most of the muscular portion on each side - the psoas major, iliacus, and quadratus lumborum. The great vessels of the abdomen, the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava, pass along the posterior wall. Lymphatics and nerves, including the lumbar plexus and sympathetic trunks, are also located within the posterior abdominal wall. The coeliac and superior hypogastric plexuses are two autonomic nerve plexuses associated with the structures in the posterior abdominal wall.
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The thoracic wall refers to the skeletal and muscular structures that form the outer boundary of the thoracic cavity, providing protection to the organs within the chest in addition to running vessels and nerves.
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osteologyofabdomen-200315093235 best pdf of mbbs students pdf
Prof. ghabisha saif posterior abdominal wall anatomy
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facialnerveanatomy-180629040852.pdf
The facial nerve (CN VII) emerges from the brainstem between the pons and medulla and innervates muscles of facial expression. It develops from the second pharyngeal arch and supplies motor and sensory fibers to muscles derived from this arch, including those of facial expression. The facial nerve has 6 segments as it exits the skull and provides motor innervation to facial muscles as well as some sensory innervation to the ear and taste to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue via the chorda tympani.
STROKE.pptx
Based on the information provided:
- The patient likely experienced an ischemic stroke in the territory of the right middle cerebral artery.
- This would involve structures supplied by the right MCA, including the:
1. Parietal lobe (interpretation of language, sensory perception)
2. Parts of the frontal lobe
3. Parts of the temporal lobe
The left sided weakness, greater weakness proximally in the upper limb, and receptive dysphasia are consistent with an ischemic stroke in the right MCA territory. The large parietal lesion seen on CT further localizes the stroke to this region.
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2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
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www.agostodourado.com
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- 1. The Muscles of the Thoracic Cage Presented by Dr Fariha Zulfiqar
- 2. • There are five muscles that make up the thoracic cage; the intercostals (external, internal and innermost), subcostals, and transversus thoracis. These muscles act to change the volume of the thoracic cavity during respiration. • There are some other muscles that do not comprise the thoracic wall, but do attach to it. These include the pectoralis major, minor, serratus anterior and the scalene muscles.
- 3. Intercostals The intercostal muscles lie in the intercostal spaces between ribs. They are organised into three layers. • External Intercostals • There are 11 pairs of external intercostal muscles. They run infero anteriorly from the rib above to the rib below, and are continuous with the external oblique of the abdomen. • Attachments: Originate at the lower border of the rib, inserting into the superior border of the rib below. • Actions: Elevates the ribs, increasing the thoracic volume. • Innervation: Intercostal nerves (T1-T11).
- 5. Internal Intercostals • These flat muscles lie deep to the external intercostals. Like the external intercostals, they run from the rib above to the one below, but in an opposite direction (inferoposteriorly). They are continuous with the internal oblique muscle of the abdominal wall. • Attachments: Originates from the lateral edge of the costal groove and inserts into the superior surface of the rib below. • Actions: The interosseous part reduces the thoracic volume by depressing the ribcage, and the interchondral part elevates the ribs. • Innervation: Intercostal nerves (T1-T11).
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