The metadata crisis: Can geographic information be made more usable?

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Barbara Poore's presentation in the 2nd Workdshop on usability of geographic information, 23rd March 2010 at UCL, London. See details at http://www.virart.nottingham.ac.uk/GI%20Usability/index.html

Technology

The Metadata Crisis: Can geographic
information be made more usable?
--Barbara Poore
--Eric Wolf
U.S. Geological Survey

Excavating a politics of repair and
maintenance
“..perhaps we have been looking in the wrong
place. Perhaps we should have been looking at
breakdown and failure as no longer atypical and
therefore only worth addressing if they result in
catastrophe and, instead, at breakdown and
failure as the means by which societies learn and
learn to re-produce.”
--Graham and Thrift
2007

Metadata
• Metadata — describe the content, quality,
condition, and other characteristics of data.
• Major uses of metadata:
– organize and maintain an organization's investment in
data.
– provide information to data catalogs and clearinghouses.
– provide information to aid data transfer.

Crenulation techniques
from BLM Field
Manual, 1999

Fundamental Problems of
Traditional Metadata
• Tied to datasets
• Hard-coded
• Static snapshot

• No way to retrieve supplementary
material

How does OpenStreetMap work?
<node id="616567366" lat="40.1484299"
lon="-105.140716" user="GPS_dr"
uid="117055" visible="true" version="1"
changeset="3656332" timestamp="2010-01-
19T06:52:38Z"/>

<way id="48533088" user="GPS_dr"
uid="117055" visible="true" version="1"
changeset="3656332" timestamp="2010-01-
19T06:52:39Z">
...
<nd ref="616567366"/>
...
<tag k="name" v="Dry Creek"/>
<tag k="waterway" v="stream"/>
</way>

Move a node slightly
<node id="616567366" lat="40.1484596"
lon="-105.14072" user="ebwolf"
uid="33916" visible="true" version="2"
changeset="4093629" timestamp="2010-
03-10T21:21:57Z"/>

<way id="48533088" user="GPS_dr"
uid="117055" visible="true" version="1"
changeset="3656332" timestamp="2010-
01-19T06:52:39Z">
..
<nd ref="616567366"/>
..
<tag k="name" v="Dry Creek"/>
<tag k="waterway" v="stream"/> </way>

Add a node to the way
<node id="663883362" lat="40.1484084"
lon="-105.140932" user="ebwolf"
uid="33916" visible="true" version="1"
changeset="4094413" timestamp="2010-
03-10T23:11:02Z"/>

<way id="48533088" user="ebwolf"
uid="33916" visible="true" version="2"
changeset="4094413" timestamp="2010-
03-10T23:11:02Z">
..
<nd ref="663883362"/>
..
<tag k="name" v="Dry Creek"/>
<tag k="waterway" v="stream"/> </way>

Metadata Squared
• Data and metadata interchangeable
• Multiple linked ways to get information, all socially
mediated, produced by community, accessible to any
user
– Computer programs
– Tiling schemes
– Web pages
– Wiki pages
– IRC chat rooms
– Youtube videos
– Tweets

The Before and After of Metadata
• Made by professionals • Made by users
• Process of subtraction • Process of addition
• Structured (Hierarchies) • Miscellaneous (Tags)
• Implicit links • Explicit links
• Metadata travels • User travels

Everything is Miscellaneous
• 1st Order (organize things in space)
• 2nd Order (separation of description from
object)
• 3rd Order (everything digital, data not
distinguishable from metadata)

Metadata Alternatives
• Ontology-based precise organizations
• Topic maps
• Semantic Web (RDF)
• Linked Geodata
• Folksonomies fuzzy users

iLOE, An OpenStreetMap editor for
the Iphone

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