The leg is compartmentalized into the anterior, lateral and posterior compartments by two intermuscular septa (FASCIA) and interosseous membrane. anterior compartment: Muscles: Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, peronius tertius Artery: Anterior tibial artery branch of the popliteal artery Nerves: Deep peroneal nerve a branch of the common peroneal nerve

1. THE LEG
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2. • Patella
• Tibia
• fibula
Bones of the leg
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3. • The leg is compartmentalized into the
anterior, lateral and posterior compartments
by two intermuscular septa (FASCIA) and
interosseous membrane.
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4. Anterior compartment
• Muscles: Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum
longus, extensor hallucis longus, peronius
tertius
• Artery: Anterior tibial artery branch of the
popliteal artery
• Nerves: Deep peroneal nerve a branch of the
common peroneal nerve
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9. CUTANEOUS SUPPLY
• The lateral cutaneous nerve of the calf, a branch
of the common peroneal nerve, supplies the skin
on the upper part of the lateral surface of the leg
• The superficial peroneal nerve, a branch of the
common peroneal nerve , supplies the skin of the
lower part of the anterolateral surface of the leg .
• The saphenous nerve, a branch of the femoral
nerve , supplies the skin on the anteromedial
surface of the leg.
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10. Lateral compartment
• Muscles: peroneus longus and peroneus
brevis
• Nerves: superficial peroneal nerve
• Artery: Peroneal artery branches.
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12. Posterior compartment.
Cutaneous Nerves
• The posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh descends on the back of the thigh . In the
popliteal fossa, it supplies the skin over the popliteal fossa and the upper part of the
back of the leg .
• The lateral cutaneous nerve of the calf, a branch of the common peroneal nerve,
supplies the skin on the upper part of the postero lateral surface of the leg.
• The sural nerve, a branch of the tibial nerve , supplies the skin on the lower part of
the postero lateral surface of the leg.
• The saphenous nerve, a branch of the femoral nerve, gives off branches that supply
the skin on the posteromedial surface of the leg.
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14. • Superficial muscles: Gastrocnemius, Plantaris,
soleus
• Deep muscles: flexor hallucis longus, flexor
digitorum longus, tibialis posterior, popliteus
• Nerves: Tibial nerve
• Artery: posterior tibial artery
• Veins: small saphenous veins
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22. Clinical notes
• Footdrop is a clinical sign indicating paralysis of the
muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg. It is most
commonly seen when the common fibular nerve (from
which the deep fibular nerve arises) is damaged.
• In footdrop, the muscles in the anterior compartment are
paralysed. The unopposed pull of the plantarflexor muscles
(found in the posterior leg) produces permanent
plantarflexion. This can interfere with walking – as the
affected limb can drag along the ground. To circumvent this,
the patient can flick the foot outwards while walking –
known as an ‘eversion flick‘.
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25. Rapture of the calcaneal tendon
• Rupture of the calcaneal tendon refers to a partial or complete tear
of the tendon. It is more likely to occur in people with a history of
calcaneal tendinitis (chronic inflammation of the tendon).
• The injury is usually sustained during forceful plantar flexion of the
foot. The patient will be unable to plantar flex the foot against
resistance, and the affected foot will be permanently dorsi flexed.
The soleus and gastrocnemius can contract to form a lump in the
calf region.
• Treatment of a ruptured calcaneal tendon is usually non-surgical,
except in those with active lifestyles.
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26. Tendon rupture
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27. • Management
• Tendon should be sutured ASAP and leg
immobilized with the ankle joint plantar
flexed and knee joint flexed
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28. • Deep venous thrombosis: immobility can lead to
formation of thrombi in veins of the soleus muscle.
• Anterior compartment syndrome: occurs due to
increase in intracompartmental pressure probably
caused by increased tissue fluid. Drainage and blood
supply are blocked causing necrosis and compression
of the deep peroneal nerve may result into paralysis
and sensation loss between the first and second toe.
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29. END
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