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THE LEG
Dr. NDAYISABA CORNEILLE
CEO of CHG
MBChB,DCM,BCSIT,CCNA
Supported BY
• Patella
• Tibia
• fibula
Bones of the leg
Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
• The leg is compartmentalized into the
anterior, lateral and posterior compartments
by two intermuscular septa (FASCIA) and
interosseous membrane.
Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
Anterior compartment
• Muscles: Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum
longus, extensor hallucis longus, peronius
tertius
• Artery: Anterior tibial artery branch of the
popliteal artery
• Nerves: Deep peroneal nerve a branch of the
common peroneal nerve
Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
CUTANEOUS SUPPLY
• The lateral cutaneous nerve of the calf, a branch
of the common peroneal nerve, supplies the skin
on the upper part of the lateral surface of the leg
• The superficial peroneal nerve, a branch of the
common peroneal nerve , supplies the skin of the
lower part of the anterolateral surface of the leg .
• The saphenous nerve, a branch of the femoral
nerve , supplies the skin on the anteromedial
surface of the leg.
Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
Lateral compartment
• Muscles: peroneus longus and peroneus
brevis
• Nerves: superficial peroneal nerve
• Artery: Peroneal artery branches.
Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
Posterior compartment.
Cutaneous Nerves
• The posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh descends on the back of the thigh . In the
popliteal fossa, it supplies the skin over the popliteal fossa and the upper part of the
back of the leg .
• The lateral cutaneous nerve of the calf, a branch of the common peroneal nerve,
supplies the skin on the upper part of the postero lateral surface of the leg.
• The sural nerve, a branch of the tibial nerve , supplies the skin on the lower part of
the postero lateral surface of the leg.
• The saphenous nerve, a branch of the femoral nerve, gives off branches that supply
the skin on the posteromedial surface of the leg.
Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
• Superficial muscles: Gastrocnemius, Plantaris,
soleus
• Deep muscles: flexor hallucis longus, flexor
digitorum longus, tibialis posterior, popliteus
• Nerves: Tibial nerve
• Artery: posterior tibial artery
• Veins: small saphenous veins
Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
Clinical notes
• Footdrop is a clinical sign indicating paralysis of the
muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg. It is most
commonly seen when the common fibular nerve (from
which the deep fibular nerve arises) is damaged.
• In footdrop, the muscles in the anterior compartment are
paralysed. The unopposed pull of the plantarflexor muscles
(found in the posterior leg) produces permanent
plantarflexion. This can interfere with walking – as the
affected limb can drag along the ground. To circumvent this,
the patient can flick the foot outwards while walking –
known as an ‘eversion flick‘.
Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
Rapture of the calcaneal tendon
• Rupture of the calcaneal tendon refers to a partial or complete tear
of the tendon. It is more likely to occur in people with a history of
calcaneal tendinitis (chronic inflammation of the tendon).
• The injury is usually sustained during forceful plantar flexion of the
foot. The patient will be unable to plantar flex the foot against
resistance, and the affected foot will be permanently dorsi flexed.
The soleus and gastrocnemius can contract to form a lump in the
calf region.
• Treatment of a ruptured calcaneal tendon is usually non-surgical,
except in those with active lifestyles.
Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
Tendon rupture
Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
• Management
• Tendon should be sutured ASAP and leg
immobilized with the ankle joint plantar
flexed and knee joint flexed
Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
• Deep venous thrombosis: immobility can lead to
formation of thrombi in veins of the soleus muscle.
• Anterior compartment syndrome: occurs due to
increase in intracompartmental pressure probably
caused by increased tissue fluid. Drainage and blood
supply are blocked causing necrosis and compression
of the deep peroneal nerve may result into paralysis
and sensation loss between the first and second toe.
Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
END
Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
THANKS FOR LISTENING
By
DR NDAYISABA CORNEILLE
MBChB,DCM,BCSIT,CCNA
Contact us:
amentalhealths@gmail.com/
ndayicoll@gmail.com
whatsaps :+256772497591
/+250788958241

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The Leg.pptx

  • 1. THE LEG Dr. NDAYISABA CORNEILLE CEO of CHG MBChB,DCM,BCSIT,CCNA Supported BY
  • 2. • Patella • Tibia • fibula Bones of the leg Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
  • 3. • The leg is compartmentalized into the anterior, lateral and posterior compartments by two intermuscular septa (FASCIA) and interosseous membrane. Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
  • 4. Anterior compartment • Muscles: Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, peronius tertius • Artery: Anterior tibial artery branch of the popliteal artery • Nerves: Deep peroneal nerve a branch of the common peroneal nerve Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
  • 9. CUTANEOUS SUPPLY • The lateral cutaneous nerve of the calf, a branch of the common peroneal nerve, supplies the skin on the upper part of the lateral surface of the leg • The superficial peroneal nerve, a branch of the common peroneal nerve , supplies the skin of the lower part of the anterolateral surface of the leg . • The saphenous nerve, a branch of the femoral nerve , supplies the skin on the anteromedial surface of the leg. Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
  • 10. Lateral compartment • Muscles: peroneus longus and peroneus brevis • Nerves: superficial peroneal nerve • Artery: Peroneal artery branches. Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
  • 12. Posterior compartment. Cutaneous Nerves • The posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh descends on the back of the thigh . In the popliteal fossa, it supplies the skin over the popliteal fossa and the upper part of the back of the leg . • The lateral cutaneous nerve of the calf, a branch of the common peroneal nerve, supplies the skin on the upper part of the postero lateral surface of the leg. • The sural nerve, a branch of the tibial nerve , supplies the skin on the lower part of the postero lateral surface of the leg. • The saphenous nerve, a branch of the femoral nerve, gives off branches that supply the skin on the posteromedial surface of the leg. Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
  • 14. • Superficial muscles: Gastrocnemius, Plantaris, soleus • Deep muscles: flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior, popliteus • Nerves: Tibial nerve • Artery: posterior tibial artery • Veins: small saphenous veins Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
  • 22. Clinical notes • Footdrop is a clinical sign indicating paralysis of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg. It is most commonly seen when the common fibular nerve (from which the deep fibular nerve arises) is damaged. • In footdrop, the muscles in the anterior compartment are paralysed. The unopposed pull of the plantarflexor muscles (found in the posterior leg) produces permanent plantarflexion. This can interfere with walking – as the affected limb can drag along the ground. To circumvent this, the patient can flick the foot outwards while walking – known as an ‘eversion flick‘. Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
  • 25. Rapture of the calcaneal tendon • Rupture of the calcaneal tendon refers to a partial or complete tear of the tendon. It is more likely to occur in people with a history of calcaneal tendinitis (chronic inflammation of the tendon). • The injury is usually sustained during forceful plantar flexion of the foot. The patient will be unable to plantar flex the foot against resistance, and the affected foot will be permanently dorsi flexed. The soleus and gastrocnemius can contract to form a lump in the calf region. • Treatment of a ruptured calcaneal tendon is usually non-surgical, except in those with active lifestyles. Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
  • 27. • Management • Tendon should be sutured ASAP and leg immobilized with the ankle joint plantar flexed and knee joint flexed Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
  • 28. • Deep venous thrombosis: immobility can lead to formation of thrombi in veins of the soleus muscle. • Anterior compartment syndrome: occurs due to increase in intracompartmental pressure probably caused by increased tissue fluid. Drainage and blood supply are blocked causing necrosis and compression of the deep peroneal nerve may result into paralysis and sensation loss between the first and second toe. Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
  • 29. END Dr Ndayisaba Corneille THANKS FOR LISTENING By DR NDAYISABA CORNEILLE MBChB,DCM,BCSIT,CCNA Contact us: amentalhealths@gmail.com/ ndayicoll@gmail.com whatsaps :+256772497591 /+250788958241