6. Anatomy
• The bones of foot are the tarsal bones the
metatarsal bones and phalanges .the genral
grouping are similar to that of the carpal
bones ,metacarpal bones and phalanges in the
wrist and hand
7. Tarsal Bones
• The Tarsal bones are the calcaneum the talus
the navicular the cuboid and the three bones
only the articulate with the tibia and fibula at
the ankle joint .
8. Calcaneum
• The calcaneum is largest bone of the foot and
forms the prominence of the heel
• It articulates above with the talus and in front
with the cuboid
9. Talus
• The talus articulate above al the ankle joint
with the fibula below with the calcaneum and
in front with the navicular bone it posesses a
Head ,neck and a Body
• Numerous important ligament attahed to
talus
10. Navicular
• The tubreosity of navicular bone can be seen
and felt on the medial border of the foot in
front and below it gives attachment to the
main part of tibialis posterior tendon
• Cuboid : the deep on the interior aspect of the
coboid bone lodges the tendon of the fibularis
longus muscle
11. Cuneform bones
• The three small wedge shaped cuneiform
bones articulate proximally with the navicular
and distally with first three metatarsal bones
12. SESAMOID BONES
• Located on the plantar side of
the great toe (hallux)
• Flexor hallucis longus tendon
runs between them
14. EXTENSOR RETINACULA
• It strap tendons of extensor muscles to ankle region
• They are 2 in number
– Superior extensor retinacula
– Inferior extensor retinacula
15. • Superior extensor retinaculum – superior to ankle,
attached to anterior borders of fibula and tibia
• Inferior retinaculum – Y shaped
• Base - lateral side of upper surface of calcaneus
• One arms - medial malleolus
• Second arm - medial side of plantar aponeurosis
18. There are 2 fibular retinacula
1. Superior fibular retinacula
2. Inferior fibular retinacula
FIBULAR RETINACULA
19.
20. FIBULAR RETINACULA
• Superior fibular retinaculum extends between
lateral malleolus and calcaneus
• Inferior fibular retinaculum attaches to lateral
surface of calcaneus and blends above with fibers of
inferior extensor retinaculum
23. FLEXOR RETINACULUM
• Strap-like layer of connective tissue
• Attaches above to medial malleolus
• Attaches below to calcaneus
• Is continuous above with deep fascia of leg and
below with plantar aponeurosis
26. TARSAL TUNNEL
Formed on posteromedial side of ankle by a depression formed by
• Medial malleolus of tibia
• Medial and posterior surfaces of talus
• Medial surface of calcaneus
• Inferior surface of sustentaculum tali (a process of the calcaneus that supports the
talus) of calcaneus
• And overlying flexor retinaculum
31. SOLE OF FOOT
• Skin is thick and hairless
• It is firmly bound down to underlying deep fascia by numerous
fibrous bands
• Sweat glands are present in large numbers
• Muscles of sole are conveniently described in four layers from
inferior layer superiorly
32. PLANTAR APONEUROSIS
• It is a triangular thickening of deep fascia
• Its apex is attached to medial and lateral tubercles of
calcaneum
• Base of aponeurosis divides into five slips that pass into toes
33.
34. • Distal to MTPJ, digital bands of plantar
aponeurosis are interconnected by transverse
fibers
• Plantar aponeurosis supports longitudinal arch of
foot and protects deeper structures in sole
PLANTAR APONEUROSIS
35.
36. FIRST LAYER OF MUSCLES
• Abductor hallucis
• Abductor digiti minimi
• Flexor digitorum brevis
45. QUESTIONS
1. Which of the following retinaculum is Y-shaped
a. Superior entensor
b. Inferior extensor
c. Flexor
d. Superior fibular
e. Inferior fibular
46. QUESTIONS
1. Which of the following retinaculum is Y-shaped
a. Superior entensor
b. Inferior extensor
c. Flexor
d. Superior fibular
e. Inferior fibular
47. 2. Tendons passing deep to fibular retinaculum?
a. Peroneus longus
b. Peroneus brevis
c. Peroneus tertius
d. All of above
e. Both a and b
QUESTIONS
48. 2. Tendons passing deep to fibular retinaculum?
a. Peroneus longus
b. Peroneus brevis
c. Peroneus tertius
d. All of above
e. Both a and b
QUESTIONS
49. 3. Nerve passing through tarsal tunnel is?
a. Common peroneal nerve
b. Tibial nerve
c. Deep peroneal nerve
d. None of above
QUESTIONS
50. 3. Nerve passing through tarsal tunnel is?
a. Common peroneal nerve
b. Tibial nerve
c. Deep peroneal nerve
d. None of above
QUESTIONS
