Kraljevacki Kajmak is a traditional dairy product made in the Kraljevo region of Serbia. It is produced through the boiling and cooling of milk, which creates a fatty layer. There are around 600 small producers that make around 300 tons per year through household production. There is currently no protected designation of origin for Kraljevacki Kajmak, but a local NGO is working to obtain this in order to improve prices for producers and support rural development in the region. The document discusses the production process, value chain, stakeholders, impacts of protection, and trends that may affect the product in the future.

1. Kraljevački Kajmak
(Kajmak of Kraljevo)
Marguerite Paus and Magali Estève
(AGRIDEA)
FAO & SINER-GI Meeting
31 January – 1 February 2008

2. FAO & SINER-GI meeting / 31 January – 1 February 2008
Kajmak
Dairy product made by the fat
layer, created when the milk is
boiled and then cooled down.
Case presentation Impact on Rural Development Perspectives and Trends

3. FAO & SINER-GI meeting / 31 January – 1 February 2008
Geographical limits
Basemap : www.wikipedia.org
Vojvodina
Kosovo
Kraljevo
Municipality
Traditional
area of
kajmak
production
Central
Serbia
Belgrade
SERBIA
Cacak
Kragujevac
Kraljevo
Low and hilly lands, large volumes
of production (young kajmak)
Mountainous areas, small volumes
of production (old kajmak)
Case presentation Impact on Rural Development Perspectives and Trends

4. FAO & SINER-GI meeting / 31 January – 1 February 2008
5.5 euros /kg
supply chain and market structures
KucAround 600 small producers = 10 kg per week ZlatiborK
30 t
3.8 euros/kg
100 t
7.6 euros/kg
100 t
5.5 euros/kg
Trade
200 t
3.5 euros /kg
Supermarkets,
wholesalers
Green markets, restaurants
Kajmak production
Milk production
2006
Stubal
Direct sales
or small
trade in the
region
Export
= 65 t
Green markets, specialized shops, restaurants
Paus and Réviron, 2007
Case presentation Impact on Rural Development Perspectives and Trends

5. FAO & SINER-GI meeting / 31 January – 1 February 2008
Protection schemes
• Kraljevacki kajmak is not protected, nevertheless there is
an initiative led by a local NGO working on the protection
of the Kraljevacki kajmak as a protected designation of
origin (PDO);
Case presentation Impact on Rural Development Perspectives and Trends
• The Intellectual Property Office is in charge of
Geographical Indications issues;
• The scope of application of the provisions on appellations
of origin of the Law concerns all goods;
• During the examination of requirements for the
registration, the IPO asks for the opinion of the competent
authority (Ministry of agriculture);
• There is no opposition procedure before the final
registration;
• There is no certification body for PDO / PGI in Serbia.

6. FAO & SINER-GI meeting / 31 January – 1 February 2008
Stakeholders and motivations
Cooperative
Stubal (packaging
and marketing)
Ministry of
Agriculture
Regional NGO
IDA
Producers of kajmak
(dairies)
Producers of
milk
Kraljevacki Kajmak system Facilitator
Information
meetings
communication
Municipality of
Kraljevo
Producers of
kajmak (household
production)
retailers (Delta,
Mercator)
House consumption and restaurants
Sanitary
inspection
Green markets
Serbian markets: Belgrade,
Novi Sad, Zlatibor, ...
Foreign markets: Montenegro,
Croatia, FRY Macedonia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina
traders
Vet Institute
Vet Station
AGRIDEA,
IED
(Switzerland)
SEEDEV
Kraljevo region
Universities
Intellectual
Property Office
Case presentation Impact on Rural Development Perspectives and Trends

7. FAO & SINER-GI meeting / 31 January – 1 February 2008
Household production
Case presentation Impact on Rural Development Perspectives and Trends

8. FAO & SINER-GI meeting / 31 January – 1 February 2008
Dairy production
Case presentation Impact on Rural Development Perspectives and Trends

9. FAO & SINER-GI meeting / 31 January – 1 February 2008
Impacts of the GI system on sustainability
Economic effects
? - 7.35.3 – 7.55 - 64.1 - 82.5
–
3.9
Price of the kajmak
(consumers)
Euros/ Kg kajmak
Shops,
retailers,
restaurants
Green
markets,
restaurants
Shops,
retailers
Green
markets,
restaurants
Shops, retailersMain channels
Dairy
production
Household
kajmak
Dairy
production
Household
kajmak
Price of the kajmak
(producers)
Euros/ Kg kajmak
Price of the milk
(producers)
Euros/ Kg milk
Type of kajmak
Prices
0.19-0.250.23 - 0.50.23 -
0.25
0.23 -
0.40
0.19 - 0.31
f(lowlands,
mountain; fat %)
3.8 - ?2.8 – 6.34 - 4.42.8 – 5.0---
Other artisan kajmaks (Lijg,
Zlatibor)
Kraljevacki kajmakSerbian industrial
„cheese spread“
Case presentation Impact on Rural Development Perspectives and Trends

10. FAO & SINER-GI meeting / 31 January – 1 February 2008
Impacts of the Protection scheme on
sustainability / Economic effects
-1.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
Processing/retailingin
marginalareasPremiumtoproducers
Valueadded
Accesstomarket
Marginalareas'
development
Tourism
Present situation
Expectations
Case presentation Impact on Rural Development Perspectives and Trends

11. FAO & SINER-GI meeting / 31 January – 1 February 2008
Impacts of the Protection scheme on
sustainability / Environmental effects
-3.0
-2.0
-1.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
Pestmanagement(perha)
Preservationof
domesticspeciesBiodiversityofwildlife
Transport
Farmingofdifficult
areas
Awarenessof
ecologicalissues
Present situation
Expectations
Case presentation Impact on Rural Development Perspectives and Trends

12. FAO & SINER-GI meeting / 31 January – 1 February 2008
Impacts of the Protection scheme on
sustainability / Social effects
-2.0
-1.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0Socialidentity
Healthyfoodproduct
Landscapeaesthetic
TypicityNewcompetences
Farmers'socialintegration
Creationofnewincome
Consumertrustinfood
Present situation
• Gender issue
• Exclusion
-2.0
-1.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0Socialidentity
Healthyfoodproduct
Landscapeaesthetic
TypicityNewcompetences
Farmers'socialintegration
Creationofnewincome
Consumertrustinfood
Present situation
Case presentation Impact on Rural Development Perspectives and Trends
Expectations

13. FAO & SINER-GI meeting / 31 January – 1 February 2008
Trends and perspectives: GI system
Sanitary and
vet requirements
Competition
Consumer habits :
seasonal demand
Need of
investments
Price volatility
GI system :
main trends
Build up of a
collective
organisation
Changes in the
market‘ structure
Traceability
Market share of
supermarket increase,
green market
decrease
1- a lot of small kajmak producers will stop
production and deliver milk to bigger processors
2- Emergence of middle size dairies
3- Potential conflicts
Case presentation Impact on Rural Development Perspectives and Trends

14. FAO & SINER-GI meeting / 31 January – 1 February 2008
5.5 euros/kg
GI system
Around 300 small producers
30 t
3.8 euro/kg
100 t
7.6 euros/kg
30 t100 t
5.5 euros/kg
Trade
50 t
3.5 euros/kg
supermarkets
Kajmak production
Milk production
Expected 2009
20 t 20 t 20 t
ZlatiborK
wholesalers
E M T M LR
30 t
Stubal
Export
= 65 t
Green markets,
restaurants
Direct sales
or small
trade in the
region
Green markets, specialized shops, restaurants
Kuc
Paus and Réviron, 2007
Case presentation Impact on Rural Development Perspectives and Trends

15. FAO & SINER-GI meeting / 31 January – 1 February 2008
Thank you for your attention !

16. FAO & SINER-GI meeting / 31 January – 1 February 2008
GI protection schemes
(organization and political strategies )
GI Institutionnal
issues : main
trends
Strategy for
accession to EU :
-legal framework
-hygyenic
requirements
International
proactive
GI Network
Establishement of
a PDO/ PGI law
Controls
In project:
-expertise from CH
-local organizations:
testing commissions
Empowerment
of GI network
-Lack of coordination between Intellectual proprety Office
and Ministry of agriculture
-No certification body
-Trainings and „pilot“ products (among them Kajmak)
-Confusion between brands, Trade marks and PDO/PGI
„Branding“ trends
Case presentation Impact on Rural Development Perspectives and Trends

17. FAO & SINER-GI meeting / 31 January – 1 February 2008
Kraljevacki kajmak at a glance
• Estimated number of farm-producers: 600
• Estimated volume marketed: 300 t/ year
• High variability in the quality
• Definition of „kajmak“ in a Serbian by-law, uniqueness of
the KRALJEVACKI kajmak? (typicity of the process from
Kraljevo? -> Geographical limits are fuzzy)
• Good reputation, but not linked to a particular premium
in comparaison to other artisan kajmaks
• Public support
Case presentation Impact on Rural Development Perspectives and Trends