The document discusses Canada's startup visa program which provides permanent residency to partners of venture capital projects. The program has easy requirements like a secondary school degree and intermediate English. Applicants work with a Canadian investor to receive a letter of support for their business project. They then prepare legal agreements and apply for a startup visa. If the venture capital investment requirements are met within 6 months, the startup visa then becomes permanent residency. Various investment options are provided between $25,000-$750,000, with timelines for obtaining the startup visa and getting the investment back. Business projects are available in different sectors online. The probability of refusal is low as governments want to attract innovative projects. Local information meetings about the startup visa program
This document is a salary form for an employee in China. It shows the employee's monthly salary is 2,644 CNY and includes bonuses, retirement pension deductions, and taxes. After deductions, the employee's net monthly salary is 912 CNY which will be paid via bank transfer.
This document is a salary form for an employee named FHC CHINA ASIA. It shows their monthly base salary is 2,800 CNY. It lists the various deductions taken out of their salary for taxes, insurance, and retirement funds. After all deductions, the employee's net monthly paid salary is 966 CNY which will be paid by bank transfer.
A general journal is a daybook or subsidiary journal in which transactions relating to adjustment entries, opening stock, depreciation, accounting errors etc. are recorded. The source documents for general journal entries may be journal vouchers, copies of management reports and invoices. Journals are prime entry books, and may also be referred to as books of original entry, from when transactions were written in a journal before they were manually posted to accounts in the general ledger or a subsidiary ledger.
1. Equipment P 15,000
2. Annual depreciation P 3,000
3. Accumulated depreciation as of Dec 31, 2016 (P 3,000 x 2 years) P 6,000
4. Net book value of Equipment as of Dec 31, 2016 (P 15,000 - P 6,000) P 9,000
Statement of Financial Position
Accounting for Receivables Lecture PPT.pptxjuweldba
a. Total estimated uncollectible:
March sales (1-30 days) - 2% of 65,000 = 1,300
February sales (31-60 days) - 5% of 17,600 = 880
January sales (61-90 days) - 30% of 8,500 = 2,550
Prior to January (over 90 days) - 50% of 7,000 = 3,500
Total estimated uncollectible = 1,300 + 880 + 2,550 + 3,500 = 8,230
b. Adjusting entry at March 31:
Bad debts expense Dr. 8,230
Allowance for doubtful accounts Cr. 8,230
(To record estimated
The document discusses various asset accounts including cash, receivables, inventory, and prepaid expenses. It provides details on what each asset includes, such as cash including cash on hand and in bank accounts, receivables arising from credit sales and loans, inventory for goods held for resale, and prepaid expenses for items paid in advance like insurance. Examples are given for each type of asset to illustrate the accounting concepts.
1) The document discusses accounting for receivables, including accounts receivable, notes receivable, uncollectible receivables, and methods for estimating uncollectibles.
2) It compares the direct write-off and allowance methods for uncollectible accounts and describes how to estimate bad debts using the percentage of sales and aging of receivables methods.
3) Reporting of receivables on the balance sheet and calculating accounts receivable turnover and number of days' sales in receivables to evaluate efficiency of receivables collection are also covered.
The document discusses Canada's startup visa program which provides permanent residency to partners of venture capital projects. The program has easy requirements like a secondary school degree and intermediate English. Applicants work with a Canadian investor to receive a letter of support for their business project. They then prepare legal agreements and apply for a startup visa. If the venture capital investment requirements are met within 6 months, the startup visa then becomes permanent residency. Various investment options are provided between $25,000-$750,000, with timelines for obtaining the startup visa and getting the investment back. Business projects are available in different sectors online. The probability of refusal is low as governments want to attract innovative projects. Local information meetings about the startup visa program
This document is a salary form for an employee in China. It shows the employee's monthly salary is 2,644 CNY and includes bonuses, retirement pension deductions, and taxes. After deductions, the employee's net monthly salary is 912 CNY which will be paid via bank transfer.
This document is a salary form for an employee named FHC CHINA ASIA. It shows their monthly base salary is 2,800 CNY. It lists the various deductions taken out of their salary for taxes, insurance, and retirement funds. After all deductions, the employee's net monthly paid salary is 966 CNY which will be paid by bank transfer.
A general journal is a daybook or subsidiary journal in which transactions relating to adjustment entries, opening stock, depreciation, accounting errors etc. are recorded. The source documents for general journal entries may be journal vouchers, copies of management reports and invoices. Journals are prime entry books, and may also be referred to as books of original entry, from when transactions were written in a journal before they were manually posted to accounts in the general ledger or a subsidiary ledger.
1. Equipment P 15,000
2. Annual depreciation P 3,000
3. Accumulated depreciation as of Dec 31, 2016 (P 3,000 x 2 years) P 6,000
4. Net book value of Equipment as of Dec 31, 2016 (P 15,000 - P 6,000) P 9,000
Statement of Financial Position
Accounting for Receivables Lecture PPT.pptxjuweldba
a. Total estimated uncollectible:
March sales (1-30 days) - 2% of 65,000 = 1,300
February sales (31-60 days) - 5% of 17,600 = 880
January sales (61-90 days) - 30% of 8,500 = 2,550
Prior to January (over 90 days) - 50% of 7,000 = 3,500
Total estimated uncollectible = 1,300 + 880 + 2,550 + 3,500 = 8,230
b. Adjusting entry at March 31:
Bad debts expense Dr. 8,230
Allowance for doubtful accounts Cr. 8,230
(To record estimated
The document discusses various asset accounts including cash, receivables, inventory, and prepaid expenses. It provides details on what each asset includes, such as cash including cash on hand and in bank accounts, receivables arising from credit sales and loans, inventory for goods held for resale, and prepaid expenses for items paid in advance like insurance. Examples are given for each type of asset to illustrate the accounting concepts.
1) The document discusses accounting for receivables, including accounts receivable, notes receivable, uncollectible receivables, and methods for estimating uncollectibles.
2) It compares the direct write-off and allowance methods for uncollectible accounts and describes how to estimate bad debts using the percentage of sales and aging of receivables methods.
3) Reporting of receivables on the balance sheet and calculating accounts receivable turnover and number of days' sales in receivables to evaluate efficiency of receivables collection are also covered.
Chapter 5, Fundamentals of Accounting I (2).pptxKalkaye
This chapter discusses accounting for receivables. It defines receivables as amounts due from customers and others that are expected to be collected in cash. The chapter covers the different types of receivables including accounts receivable and notes receivable. It explains how companies recognize and value receivables, and the journal entries for adjusting accounts and writing off uncollectible amounts. The chapter also discusses methods for estimating uncollectible accounts, such as the percentage of sales and percentage of receivables approaches.
This document discusses accounting for receivables. It covers three main types of receivables - accounts receivable, notes receivable, and other receivables. The key accounting issues for accounts receivable are recognizing them, valuing them using either the direct write-off or allowance method, and disposing of them through collection, sale, or credit card transactions. Notes receivable involve determining maturity dates, computing interest, and recognizing, valuing, and collecting them. The document provides examples and journal entries for these various receivables topics.
Chapter 09 ACCOUNTING FOR RECEIVABLES.pptJemalSeid25
This chapter summary discusses accounting for receivables, including accounts receivable and notes receivable. It covers recognizing, valuing, and disposing of both accounts receivable and notes receivable. Specific topics covered include the allowance method and direct write-off method for estimating uncollectible accounts, percentage of sales and receivables bases, and sales of receivables through factoring or credit card transactions.
This document provides an overview of accounting concepts related to bad debt, allowances for doubtful debt, and discounts. It defines bad debt and doubtful debt, and explains how to record journal entries for bad debt expenses, bad debt recovered, and adjustments to allowance for doubtful debt. It also defines discount allowable and explains how to estimate and record allowance for discount allowable. The goal is to help the reader understand how to account for amounts that may not be fully collected from debtors.
The document contains questions from a July 2014 theory exam for accounting. It includes questions on the accounting equation, understandability and comparability, defining liabilities and recording them, differentiating between cash books and petty cash books, identifying which ledger accounts have debit or credit balances, differentiating between debtors and creditors, listing accounts created in a general ledger, and identifying reports that can be printed from an accounting system. The document provides sample answers to the questions.
- An account receivable represents money owed to a company for goods or services sold on credit. When an account receivable becomes uncollectible, it is recorded as a bad debt expense.
- There is an upside to offering credit sales by encouraging purchases, but there is a downside in that some customers will delay payment or not pay at all, creating bad debts.
- Companies must investigate outstanding accounts receivable to identify bad debts, which are difficult to determine if a customer is merely late or unable to pay. Accounting standards provide two methods to account for doubtful accounts and bad debts.
This document discusses receivable financing, which allows a company to raise funds using its accounts receivable. It describes pledge, assignment, and factoring of receivables. Pledging involves using receivables as collateral for a bank loan. The company retains collection rights but may need to remit funds to the bank. Accounting involves recording the loan and subsequent payments. Financial statements must disclose pledged receivables. Illustrations demonstrate journal entries for pledging receivables and repaying a loan.
The document discusses accounts receivable and notes receivable. It defines receivables as amounts due from individuals and companies. It identifies the main types of receivables as accounts receivable, notes receivable, and other receivables. It then covers accounting issues related to recognition, valuation, and estimation of uncollectibles for accounts receivable. Finally, it discusses the processes of assigning or factoring accounts receivable, including examples of journal entries for assigning receivables as collateral for a loan.
Journalising- easy way to learn journal entries for beginners in Accounting S...Sarat Kumar Budumuru
June 1, 2011: Started business with cash Rs. 45,000. Cash account debited and capital account credited.
June 3, 2011: Sold goods for cash Rs. 8,500 and purchased goods for Rs. 7,000. Cash and sales accounts debited and credited respectively for sale. Purchases account debited and personal account credited for purchase.
June 5, 2011: Withdrew cash from bank for personal and business use. Drawings and cash accounts debited and bank account credited in a compound journal entry.
The document discusses various accounting principles and rules for journalizing transactions like expenses, gains, cash/credit transactions, opening entries, discounts, purchases/sales of investments and
The document discusses accounting for receivables. It explains that companies recognize accounts receivable when goods or services are sold on credit. Accounts receivable are valued at their expected cash realizable value by using an allowance method where bad debt expense is estimated and an allowance account is adjusted. Companies can dispose of receivables by selling them to factors or accepting credit card payments with a processing fee.
Accounting For Receivables 9 Learning ObjectivesTye Rausch
Companies recognize accounts receivable when goods or services are sold on credit. Accounts receivable are valued at their expected cash realizable value by using an allowance method where uncollectible amounts are estimated. The allowance account is a contra-asset account that is deducted from accounts receivable on the balance sheet. When specific accounts are deemed uncollectible they are written off by debiting the allowance and crediting the receivable. Recoveries of previously written off amounts are recorded by debiting cash and crediting the receivable.
Mr. A sold goods to Mr. B for $20,000 on credit and drew a three-month bill of exchange on Mr. B for the same amount, which Mr. B accepted. On the due date, Mr. B honored the bill as due. The document also provides examples of a bill being dishonored, bills being discounted by drawers with banks, bills being endorsed to a third party, and bills being sent to banks for collection.
This document discusses accounting for cash and receivables. It defines cash and cash equivalents, and explains how to report restricted cash and bank overdrafts. Accounts receivable and notes receivable are defined as the main types of receivables. Recognition and valuation of accounts receivable are explained, including issues like trade discounts, cash discounts, and allowance for doubtful accounts. Estimating bad debts through percentage of sales and receivables approaches is covered.
The document discusses accounting for receivables. It explains that companies recognize accounts receivable when goods or services are sold on credit. Accounts receivable are valued at their expected cash realizable amount by using an allowance method where bad debt expense is estimated and an allowance account is adjusted. Companies can dispose of receivables by selling them to factors at a discount or accepting credit card payments with a processing fee.
13-‹#›PREVIEW OF CHAPTERIntermediate AccountingIFR.docxmoggdede
13-‹#›
PREVIEW OF CHAPTER
Intermediate Accounting
IFRS 2nd Edition
Kieso, Weygandt, and Warfield
13
13-‹#›
Explain the accounting for different types of provisions.
Identify the criteria used to account for and disclose contingent liabilities and assets.
Indicate how to present and analyze liability-related information.
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
Current Liabilities, Provisions, and Contingencies
13
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Describe the nature, type, and valuation of current liabilities.
Explain the classification issues of short-term debt expected to be refinanced.
Identify types of employee-related liabilities.
13-‹#›
Three essential characteristics:
Present obligation.
Arises from past events.
Results in an outflow of resources (cash, goods, services).
CURRENT LIABILITIES
LO 1
13-‹#›
A current liability is reported if one of two conditions exists:
Liability is expected to be settled within its normal operating cycle; or
Liability is expected to be settled within 12 months after the reporting date.
The operating cycle is the period of time elapsing between the acquisition of goods and services and the final cash realization resulting from sales and subsequent collections.
CURRENT LIABILITIES
LO 1
13-‹#›
Typical Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable.
Notes payable.
Current maturities of long-term debt.
Short-term obligations expected to be refinanced.
Dividends payable.
Customer advances and deposits.
Unearned revenues.
Sales and value-added taxes payable.
Income taxes payable.
Employee-related liabilities.
CURRENT LIABILITIES
LO 1
13-‹#›
Accounts Payable (trade accounts payable)
Balances owed to others for goods, supplies, or services purchased on open account.
Time lag between the receipt of services or acquisition of title to assets and the payment for them.
Terms of the sale (e.g., 2/10, n/30 or 1/10, E.O.M.) usually state period of extended credit, commonly 30 to 60 days.
CURRENT LIABILITIES
LO 1
13-‹#›
Notes Payable
Written promises to pay a certain sum of money on a specified future date.
Arise from purchases, financing, or other transactions.
Notes classified as short-term or long-term.
Notes may be interest-bearing or zero-interest-bearing.
CURRENT LIABILITIES
LO 1
13-‹#›
Illustration: Castle National Bank agrees to lend €100,000 on March 1, 2015, to Landscape Co. if Landscape signs a €100,000, 6 percent, four-month note. Landscape records the cash received on March 1 as follows:
Cash 100,000
Notes Payable 100,000
Interest-Bearing Note Issued
CURRENT LIABILITIES
LO 1
13-‹#›
If Landscape prepares financial statements semiannually, it makes the following adjusting entry to recognize interest expense and interest payable at June 30, 2015:
Interest Expense 2,000
Interest Payable 2,000
(€100,000 x 6% x 4/12) = €2,000
Interest calculation =
Interest-Bearing Note Issued
LO 1
13-‹#›
At maturity (July 1, 2016), Landscape records payment of the note and accrued intere ...
Companies recognize accounts receivable when goods or services are sold on credit. Accounts receivable are valued at their expected cash realizable value by estimating and recording an allowance for doubtful accounts through a credit to Bad Debt Expense. When specific accounts are written off as uncollectible, the allowance account is debited with an offsetting credit to Accounts Receivable. The allowance method following this process provides a better matching of revenues and expenses than the direct write-off method.
This document provides an overview of transaction analysis and adjustments. It discusses evaluating historical cost, revenues, expenses, sales of inventory, and interest adjustments. For revenues, it explains that revenue equals the amount charged but may not equal cash received if on credit. Expenses occur when resources are used to generate revenue, even if not paid in cash. Sales contain both revenue from credit given and an expense for cost of goods sold. Interest expense is adjusted for even if not yet paid.
Here are the key steps to solving this problem:
1. Calculate 10% of accounts receivable to estimate uncollectible accounts:
- 10% of $30,000 is 0.1 * $30,000 = $3,000
2. Add the existing balance in the allowance account:
- $2,000 existing balance
3. The total estimated uncollectible accounts is $3,000 + $2,000 = $5,000
Therefore, the adjusting entry is:
Bad Debt Expense 5,000
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 5,000
This document provides an introduction to general ledgers for a sole trader. It defines key terms like double entry principle and distinguishes between asset, owner's equity and liability accounts. It explains that the accounting equation is Assets = Owner's Equity + Liabilities. It provides an example transaction of a sole trader depositing capital and the corresponding journal entries to record it on the general ledger. It concludes with an interactive quiz for learners to test their understanding of general ledgers.
The note was dated March 1, 2009 and was due May 30, 2009. This is 3 months or 3/12 of a year. The principal was $12,000 and the annual interest rate was 9%. To calculate the interest, use the formula:
Principal × Annual Interest Rate × Time Expressed in Years = Interest
So, $12,000 × 9% × 3/12 = $270
Therefore, the interest on the note is $270.
This document discusses quality, quality control, quality assurance, and total quality management. It explains that quality means meeting customer expectations. Quality control checks quality after production through inspectors, while quality assurance checks quality throughout production by employees. Total quality management focuses on continuous quality improvement by building quality into every stage and making all employees responsible for quality. Maintaining quality helps businesses through increased sales, customer loyalty and reputation while lack of quality hurts businesses.
Business and commerce involve the production of goods and services to generate a profit. Key questions that must be addressed include what and how much to produce, how to produce items, and who will consume the goods and services. Modern advances like advanced trade systems have made national and global commerce easier and more prosperous. Changing consumer demands and new technologies also create new opportunities. While business and commerce have different words, they have the same meaning and concept and can be used interchangeably to refer to the combined activities of manufacturing, marketing, exchange, distribution, and finance.
Chapter 5, Fundamentals of Accounting I (2).pptxKalkaye
This chapter discusses accounting for receivables. It defines receivables as amounts due from customers and others that are expected to be collected in cash. The chapter covers the different types of receivables including accounts receivable and notes receivable. It explains how companies recognize and value receivables, and the journal entries for adjusting accounts and writing off uncollectible amounts. The chapter also discusses methods for estimating uncollectible accounts, such as the percentage of sales and percentage of receivables approaches.
This document discusses accounting for receivables. It covers three main types of receivables - accounts receivable, notes receivable, and other receivables. The key accounting issues for accounts receivable are recognizing them, valuing them using either the direct write-off or allowance method, and disposing of them through collection, sale, or credit card transactions. Notes receivable involve determining maturity dates, computing interest, and recognizing, valuing, and collecting them. The document provides examples and journal entries for these various receivables topics.
Chapter 09 ACCOUNTING FOR RECEIVABLES.pptJemalSeid25
This chapter summary discusses accounting for receivables, including accounts receivable and notes receivable. It covers recognizing, valuing, and disposing of both accounts receivable and notes receivable. Specific topics covered include the allowance method and direct write-off method for estimating uncollectible accounts, percentage of sales and receivables bases, and sales of receivables through factoring or credit card transactions.
This document provides an overview of accounting concepts related to bad debt, allowances for doubtful debt, and discounts. It defines bad debt and doubtful debt, and explains how to record journal entries for bad debt expenses, bad debt recovered, and adjustments to allowance for doubtful debt. It also defines discount allowable and explains how to estimate and record allowance for discount allowable. The goal is to help the reader understand how to account for amounts that may not be fully collected from debtors.
The document contains questions from a July 2014 theory exam for accounting. It includes questions on the accounting equation, understandability and comparability, defining liabilities and recording them, differentiating between cash books and petty cash books, identifying which ledger accounts have debit or credit balances, differentiating between debtors and creditors, listing accounts created in a general ledger, and identifying reports that can be printed from an accounting system. The document provides sample answers to the questions.
- An account receivable represents money owed to a company for goods or services sold on credit. When an account receivable becomes uncollectible, it is recorded as a bad debt expense.
- There is an upside to offering credit sales by encouraging purchases, but there is a downside in that some customers will delay payment or not pay at all, creating bad debts.
- Companies must investigate outstanding accounts receivable to identify bad debts, which are difficult to determine if a customer is merely late or unable to pay. Accounting standards provide two methods to account for doubtful accounts and bad debts.
This document discusses receivable financing, which allows a company to raise funds using its accounts receivable. It describes pledge, assignment, and factoring of receivables. Pledging involves using receivables as collateral for a bank loan. The company retains collection rights but may need to remit funds to the bank. Accounting involves recording the loan and subsequent payments. Financial statements must disclose pledged receivables. Illustrations demonstrate journal entries for pledging receivables and repaying a loan.
The document discusses accounts receivable and notes receivable. It defines receivables as amounts due from individuals and companies. It identifies the main types of receivables as accounts receivable, notes receivable, and other receivables. It then covers accounting issues related to recognition, valuation, and estimation of uncollectibles for accounts receivable. Finally, it discusses the processes of assigning or factoring accounts receivable, including examples of journal entries for assigning receivables as collateral for a loan.
Journalising- easy way to learn journal entries for beginners in Accounting S...Sarat Kumar Budumuru
June 1, 2011: Started business with cash Rs. 45,000. Cash account debited and capital account credited.
June 3, 2011: Sold goods for cash Rs. 8,500 and purchased goods for Rs. 7,000. Cash and sales accounts debited and credited respectively for sale. Purchases account debited and personal account credited for purchase.
June 5, 2011: Withdrew cash from bank for personal and business use. Drawings and cash accounts debited and bank account credited in a compound journal entry.
The document discusses various accounting principles and rules for journalizing transactions like expenses, gains, cash/credit transactions, opening entries, discounts, purchases/sales of investments and
The document discusses accounting for receivables. It explains that companies recognize accounts receivable when goods or services are sold on credit. Accounts receivable are valued at their expected cash realizable value by using an allowance method where bad debt expense is estimated and an allowance account is adjusted. Companies can dispose of receivables by selling them to factors or accepting credit card payments with a processing fee.
Accounting For Receivables 9 Learning ObjectivesTye Rausch
Companies recognize accounts receivable when goods or services are sold on credit. Accounts receivable are valued at their expected cash realizable value by using an allowance method where uncollectible amounts are estimated. The allowance account is a contra-asset account that is deducted from accounts receivable on the balance sheet. When specific accounts are deemed uncollectible they are written off by debiting the allowance and crediting the receivable. Recoveries of previously written off amounts are recorded by debiting cash and crediting the receivable.
Mr. A sold goods to Mr. B for $20,000 on credit and drew a three-month bill of exchange on Mr. B for the same amount, which Mr. B accepted. On the due date, Mr. B honored the bill as due. The document also provides examples of a bill being dishonored, bills being discounted by drawers with banks, bills being endorsed to a third party, and bills being sent to banks for collection.
This document discusses accounting for cash and receivables. It defines cash and cash equivalents, and explains how to report restricted cash and bank overdrafts. Accounts receivable and notes receivable are defined as the main types of receivables. Recognition and valuation of accounts receivable are explained, including issues like trade discounts, cash discounts, and allowance for doubtful accounts. Estimating bad debts through percentage of sales and receivables approaches is covered.
The document discusses accounting for receivables. It explains that companies recognize accounts receivable when goods or services are sold on credit. Accounts receivable are valued at their expected cash realizable amount by using an allowance method where bad debt expense is estimated and an allowance account is adjusted. Companies can dispose of receivables by selling them to factors at a discount or accepting credit card payments with a processing fee.
13-‹#›PREVIEW OF CHAPTERIntermediate AccountingIFR.docxmoggdede
13-‹#›
PREVIEW OF CHAPTER
Intermediate Accounting
IFRS 2nd Edition
Kieso, Weygandt, and Warfield
13
13-‹#›
Explain the accounting for different types of provisions.
Identify the criteria used to account for and disclose contingent liabilities and assets.
Indicate how to present and analyze liability-related information.
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
Current Liabilities, Provisions, and Contingencies
13
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Describe the nature, type, and valuation of current liabilities.
Explain the classification issues of short-term debt expected to be refinanced.
Identify types of employee-related liabilities.
13-‹#›
Three essential characteristics:
Present obligation.
Arises from past events.
Results in an outflow of resources (cash, goods, services).
CURRENT LIABILITIES
LO 1
13-‹#›
A current liability is reported if one of two conditions exists:
Liability is expected to be settled within its normal operating cycle; or
Liability is expected to be settled within 12 months after the reporting date.
The operating cycle is the period of time elapsing between the acquisition of goods and services and the final cash realization resulting from sales and subsequent collections.
CURRENT LIABILITIES
LO 1
13-‹#›
Typical Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable.
Notes payable.
Current maturities of long-term debt.
Short-term obligations expected to be refinanced.
Dividends payable.
Customer advances and deposits.
Unearned revenues.
Sales and value-added taxes payable.
Income taxes payable.
Employee-related liabilities.
CURRENT LIABILITIES
LO 1
13-‹#›
Accounts Payable (trade accounts payable)
Balances owed to others for goods, supplies, or services purchased on open account.
Time lag between the receipt of services or acquisition of title to assets and the payment for them.
Terms of the sale (e.g., 2/10, n/30 or 1/10, E.O.M.) usually state period of extended credit, commonly 30 to 60 days.
CURRENT LIABILITIES
LO 1
13-‹#›
Notes Payable
Written promises to pay a certain sum of money on a specified future date.
Arise from purchases, financing, or other transactions.
Notes classified as short-term or long-term.
Notes may be interest-bearing or zero-interest-bearing.
CURRENT LIABILITIES
LO 1
13-‹#›
Illustration: Castle National Bank agrees to lend €100,000 on March 1, 2015, to Landscape Co. if Landscape signs a €100,000, 6 percent, four-month note. Landscape records the cash received on March 1 as follows:
Cash 100,000
Notes Payable 100,000
Interest-Bearing Note Issued
CURRENT LIABILITIES
LO 1
13-‹#›
If Landscape prepares financial statements semiannually, it makes the following adjusting entry to recognize interest expense and interest payable at June 30, 2015:
Interest Expense 2,000
Interest Payable 2,000
(€100,000 x 6% x 4/12) = €2,000
Interest calculation =
Interest-Bearing Note Issued
LO 1
13-‹#›
At maturity (July 1, 2016), Landscape records payment of the note and accrued intere ...
Companies recognize accounts receivable when goods or services are sold on credit. Accounts receivable are valued at their expected cash realizable value by estimating and recording an allowance for doubtful accounts through a credit to Bad Debt Expense. When specific accounts are written off as uncollectible, the allowance account is debited with an offsetting credit to Accounts Receivable. The allowance method following this process provides a better matching of revenues and expenses than the direct write-off method.
This document provides an overview of transaction analysis and adjustments. It discusses evaluating historical cost, revenues, expenses, sales of inventory, and interest adjustments. For revenues, it explains that revenue equals the amount charged but may not equal cash received if on credit. Expenses occur when resources are used to generate revenue, even if not paid in cash. Sales contain both revenue from credit given and an expense for cost of goods sold. Interest expense is adjusted for even if not yet paid.
Here are the key steps to solving this problem:
1. Calculate 10% of accounts receivable to estimate uncollectible accounts:
- 10% of $30,000 is 0.1 * $30,000 = $3,000
2. Add the existing balance in the allowance account:
- $2,000 existing balance
3. The total estimated uncollectible accounts is $3,000 + $2,000 = $5,000
Therefore, the adjusting entry is:
Bad Debt Expense 5,000
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 5,000
This document provides an introduction to general ledgers for a sole trader. It defines key terms like double entry principle and distinguishes between asset, owner's equity and liability accounts. It explains that the accounting equation is Assets = Owner's Equity + Liabilities. It provides an example transaction of a sole trader depositing capital and the corresponding journal entries to record it on the general ledger. It concludes with an interactive quiz for learners to test their understanding of general ledgers.
The note was dated March 1, 2009 and was due May 30, 2009. This is 3 months or 3/12 of a year. The principal was $12,000 and the annual interest rate was 9%. To calculate the interest, use the formula:
Principal × Annual Interest Rate × Time Expressed in Years = Interest
So, $12,000 × 9% × 3/12 = $270
Therefore, the interest on the note is $270.
This document discusses quality, quality control, quality assurance, and total quality management. It explains that quality means meeting customer expectations. Quality control checks quality after production through inspectors, while quality assurance checks quality throughout production by employees. Total quality management focuses on continuous quality improvement by building quality into every stage and making all employees responsible for quality. Maintaining quality helps businesses through increased sales, customer loyalty and reputation while lack of quality hurts businesses.
Business and commerce involve the production of goods and services to generate a profit. Key questions that must be addressed include what and how much to produce, how to produce items, and who will consume the goods and services. Modern advances like advanced trade systems have made national and global commerce easier and more prosperous. Changing consumer demands and new technologies also create new opportunities. While business and commerce have different words, they have the same meaning and concept and can be used interchangeably to refer to the combined activities of manufacturing, marketing, exchange, distribution, and finance.
This document provides a condensed syllabus for the Intermediate of Commerce subject for the years 2020-2021. It covers key topics such as forms of business organization, marketing, and trade. The document also references sample model papers to help students prepare for exams.
Business Finance means the funds and credit employed in the business. Finance is the foundation of a business. Finance requirements are to purchase assets, goods, raw materials and for the other flow of economic activities.
In a market system, changes in prices cause the shift in resources, from making products that are becoming less popular to making those that are becoming more popular
A marketing strategy is a plan to combine the right combination of the 4 elements of the marketing mix for a product or service to achieve a particular marketing marketing objectives.
Capital expenditure & Revenue expenditureMudassir Raza
Capital expenditures are typically one-time large purchases of fixed assets that will be used for revenue generation over a longer period. Revenue expenditures are the ongoing operating expenses, which are short-term expenses used to run the daily business operations.
Price elasticity of supply measures the responsiveness to the supply of a good or service after a change in its market price. According to basic economic theory, the supply of a good will increase when its price rises. Conversely, the supply of a good will decrease when its price decreases.
Technology presents new opportunities for businesses to market their product and services.
The internet allows businesses to gather information about customer purchasing habits.
The internet has facilitated the widespread use of online purchasing.
Price elasticity of demand measures how responsive consumer demand is to changes in price. It is calculated by taking the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in price. Demand can be elastic, inelastic, perfectly elastic, perfectly inelastic, or unit elastic depending on how much quantity demanded changes relative to price changes. Factors like availability of substitutes, necessity of the product, and proportion of income spent on it affect price elasticity. Understanding price elasticity helps firms set prices to maximize total revenue.
The document discusses various accounting terms including cash discount, trade discount, cheque, receipt, petty cash book, and imprest system. It provides definitions and explanations of each term. For example, it states that a cash discount is an allowance given to a customer who settles their account within a certain time limit set by the supplier, while a trade discount is a reduction in the price of goods that often increases with larger quantities purchased. It also notes that a petty cash book records low-value cash payments and is restored under the imprest system so the petty cashier always starts each period with the same amount.
The document summarizes how changes in demand and supply affect market prices and quantities traded. It discusses how an increase in demand raises prices while a decrease in demand lowers prices. An increase in supply lowers prices while a decrease in supply raises prices. Examples are given of how falling demand or supply would shift the curves and lower the market quantity or raise the price. The document ends with sample questions about identifying causes of demand changes and using diagrams to analyze a subsidy.
This refers to the channels of distribution that are selected. That is, what method of getting the product to the market and to the customer is to be used? Will the manufacturer sell its product to shops that sell to the public, or to wholesalers, or direct to the customers?
Price: The Price at which the product is sold to the customer is a key part of the marketing mix. A comparison must be made with the prices of competitors product.
This document discusses books of original entry for returns, including returns inwards and outwards day books. It provides examples of entries in a returns inwards day book to record goods returned by customers and a returns outwards day book to record goods returned to suppliers. It also explains that a credit note is prepared by a seller for a sales return and sent to the buyer, while a debit note is prepared by a customer for a purchase return and sent to the seller. Finally, it notes there are practice questions to reinforce the content.
The product life cycle describes the stages a product will pass through from its introduction, through its growth until it is mature, and then finally its decline.
This document discusses books of original entry and ledgers used in accounting. It explains that books of original entry, such as cash books, sales journals, and purchase journals are used to initially record transactions with details. The transactions are then posted to ledgers, including the sales ledger for customer accounts, purchase ledger for supplier accounts, and general ledger for other accounts. It provides examples of common books of original entry and types of ledgers, and describes how the folio column is used to cross-reference between books when posting double-entry transactions.
STREETONOMICS: Exploring the Uncharted Territories of Informal Markets throug...sameer shah
Delve into the world of STREETONOMICS, where a team of 7 enthusiasts embarks on a journey to understand unorganized markets. By engaging with a coffee street vendor and crafting questionnaires, this project uncovers valuable insights into consumer behavior and market dynamics in informal settings."
Lecture slide titled Fraud Risk Mitigation, Webinar Lecture Delivered at the Society for West African Internal Audit Practitioners (SWAIAP) on Wednesday, November 8, 2023.
[4:55 p.m.] Bryan Oates
OJPs are becoming a critical resource for policy-makers and researchers who study the labour market. LMIC continues to work with Vicinity Jobs’ data on OJPs, which can be explored in our Canadian Job Trends Dashboard. Valuable insights have been gained through our analysis of OJP data, including LMIC research lead
Suzanne Spiteri’s recent report on improving the quality and accessibility of job postings to reduce employment barriers for neurodivergent people.
Decoding job postings: Improving accessibility for neurodivergent job seekers
Improving the quality and accessibility of job postings is one way to reduce employment barriers for neurodivergent people.
5 Tips for Creating Standard Financial ReportsEasyReports
Well-crafted financial reports serve as vital tools for decision-making and transparency within an organization. By following the undermentioned tips, you can create standardized financial reports that effectively communicate your company's financial health and performance to stakeholders.
Vicinity Jobs’ data includes more than three million 2023 OJPs and thousands of skills. Most skills appear in less than 0.02% of job postings, so most postings rely on a small subset of commonly used terms, like teamwork.
Laura Adkins-Hackett, Economist, LMIC, and Sukriti Trehan, Data Scientist, LMIC, presented their research exploring trends in the skills listed in OJPs to develop a deeper understanding of in-demand skills. This research project uses pointwise mutual information and other methods to extract more information about common skills from the relationships between skills, occupations and regions.
Abhay Bhutada, the Managing Director of Poonawalla Fincorp Limited, is an accomplished leader with over 15 years of experience in commercial and retail lending. A Qualified Chartered Accountant, he has been pivotal in leveraging technology to enhance financial services. Starting his career at Bank of India, he later founded TAB Capital Limited and co-founded Poonawalla Finance Private Limited, emphasizing digital lending. Under his leadership, Poonawalla Fincorp achieved a 'AAA' credit rating, integrating acquisitions and emphasizing corporate governance. Actively involved in industry forums and CSR initiatives, Abhay has been recognized with awards like "Young Entrepreneur of India 2017" and "40 under 40 Most Influential Leader for 2020-21." Personally, he values mindfulness, enjoys gardening, yoga, and sees every day as an opportunity for growth and improvement.
3. Bad debt is an expense that a
business incurs once the
repayment of credit previously
extended to a customer is
estimated to be uncollectible
S O U R C E : I N V E S T O P E D I A
4. A debt of £ 78 owing to us from H. Mander is written off as a bad debt
on 31 August 2012. As the debt is now of no value we have to to stop
showing it as an asset. This means that we will credit H. Mander to
cancel it out his account. A bad debt is an expense, and so we will
debit it to a bad debt account.
EXAMPLE
5.
6. J. Brew, after being in business for some years without keeping proper records
now decides to keep a double entry set of books. On 1 july 2012 he establishes
that his assers and liabilities are as follows:
Assets: Van £3700; Fixtures £ 1800; Inventory £ 4200; Account Receivable- B.
Young £ 95, D,Blake £45; Bank £ 860; Cash £65 .
Liabilities: Account Payable -M. Quinn £129, C.Walters £410.