The _________ is the protective chamber that houses the ovule and Lat.pdf
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The _________ is the protective chamber that houses the ovule and Later matures to become the fruit. A. Petal B. Ovary C. Carpel D. Stigma E. Sepals. What adaptation enhances bird\'s flying ability? A. hollow bones B. sternum. C. air sacs D. homeothermy E. all of the above. What plant characteristics are adaptations to land? A. internal fertilizations B. vascular tissues. C. seeds with waterproof coats. D. waxy leaves. E. all of the above. Which of which is characteristic of alternation of generation in land plants? A. haploid sporophytes make haploid spores. B. gametophytes produce spores that develop into gametes C. sporophytes and gametophytes are typically similar in appearance. D. meiosis in sporophytes produces haploid spores. E. either the gametophyte or the sporophyte is unicellular. The haploid stage in a plant life in a plant life cycle is called A. embryo B. zygote C. gametophyte D. sporophyte E. conspicuous Animals in which the blastopo Solution 31. ovary is the protective chamber that houses the ovule and later matures the fruit 32. tha hollow bones, air sacs , the sternum and homeothermy helps the birds to fly. the hollow bones helps in reducing the body weight which helps in flying. the air sacs are responsible for extracting more oxygen which hepls them to frly high. the sternum bones are present in the wings which are strong and flexible for the movement of the wings 33. all of the above are the plants characteristics for the plant to adapt land 34. 35. the haploid stage of plant life in plant life cycle is known as gametophyte. 36.in protostomes the blastopore becomes the mouth.
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Question 1 Mammals have two traits that set them apart from all .docx
Question 1
Mammals have two traits that set them apart from all other animals. These are
A.
body hair or fur, and being homeothermic.
B.
body hair or fur, and milk production.
C.
four-chambered heart and milk production.
D.
amniotic eggs and milk production.
E.
four-chambered heart and body hair or fur.
5 points
Question 2
Which of the following are adaptations to land of both gymnosperms and angiosperms but are lacking in ferns and mosses?
A.
fruits and flowers
B.
spores
C.
pollen and seeds
D.
vascular system
E.
roots, stems, and leaves
5 points
Question 3
Which of the following characteristics is not shared by typical birds and mammals?
A.
four limbs
B.
endothermy
C.
insulating skin structures
D.
four-chambered heart
E.
milk production
5 points
Question 4
Lichens are
A.
parasitic interactions between a fungus and an alga.
B.
capable of causing some obscure diseases.
C.
insensitive to changes in the environment.
D.
only found growing on living matter.
E.
symbiotic associations between a fungus and an alga.
5 points
Question 5
In bryophytes, the rhizoids
A.
serve as attachment structures.
B.
are involved in reproduction.
C.
obtain nutrients.
D.
lure possible prey.
E.
obtain water.
5 points
Question 6
The segmented worms of the phylum Annelida
A.
have an open circulatory system.
B.
are acoelomate.
C.
display radial symmetry.
D.
possess setae on each segment.
E.
move by use of flagella.
5 points
Question 7
It is generally thought that four critical innovations arose during the evolution of our ape-like ancestors into humans. All of the following are innovations except
A.
expansion of the human brain.
B.
development of the opposable thumb.
C.
use of brain power for abstract thought.
D.
bipedalism.
E.
toolmaking.
5 points
Question 8
This characteristic allows fungi to withstand heat and drought conditions.
A.
hyphae
B.
spores
C.
cell walls
D.
specialized organelles
E.
mycelia
5 points
Question 9
In general, mammals are not good at dispersing chili plant seeds because
A.
the chili seeds do not stick to the mammals’ fur.
B.
chili seeds are dispersed mainly by the wind.
C.
the seeds die as they pass through the digestive tract.
D.
the mammals are the main pollinators for the chili plant.
E.
the mammals do not travel very far before they release the chili seeds.
5 points
Question 10
It is generally thought that animals have undergone four major physiological and anatomical innovations during their evolution. These are (in no particular order)
A.
bilateral symmetry, development of tissues, origin of the multichambered heart, origin of patterns of embryonic development.
B.
origin of patterns of embryonic development, development of the versatile forelimb, origin of the multichambered heart, multicellularity.
C.
development of tissues, photosynthesis, bilateral symmetry, multicellularity.
D.
development of the versatile forelimb, multicellularity, origin of patterns o ...
QUESTION 1All of the following are parts of a flower except the.docx
QUESTION 1
All of the following are parts of a flower except the
A.
carpel.
B.
ovary.
C.
fruit.
D.
stamen.
E.
cuticle.
QUESTION 2
The segmented worms of the phylum Annelida
A.
have an open circulatory system.
B.
possess setae on each segment.
C.
are acoelomate.
D.
display radial symmetry.
E.
move by use of flagella.
QUESTION 3
In bryophytes, the rhizoids
A.
obtain nutrients.
B.
are involved in reproduction.
C.
obtain water.
D.
lure possible prey.
E.
serve as attachment structures.
QUESTION 4
Which of the following is not a characteristic differentiating Neanderthals from modern humans?
A.
Neanderthals had smaller brains.
B.
Neanderthals had larger noses.
C.
Neanderthals had projecting brow ridges.
D.
Neanderthals were shorter.
E.
Neanderthals were stronger.
QUESTION 5
Fungi exhibit certain characteristics. One of these characteristics is that they
A.
are capable of carrying on photosynthesis.
B.
lack cell nuclei.
C.
reproduce using seeds and pollen.
D.
reproduce using spores.
E.
are prokaryotes.
QUESTION 6
In plants, the secondary metabolites are primarily responsible for
A.
food gathering.
B.
nutrition.
C.
defense.
D.
protection against ultraviolet radiation.
E.
overcoming air pollutants.
QUESTION 7
In cnidarians, nematocysts are important in
A.
obtaining oxygen from the water.
B.
obtaining prey.
C.
movement.
D.
excretion of wastes.
E.
food digestion.
QUESTION 8
Cnidarians and ctenophores are similar in that they both have
A.
a pseudocoel.
B.
a digestive tract with two openings.
C.
radial symmetry.
D.
mesoderm.
E.
nematocysts.
QUESTION 9
All members of the phylum Chordata share
A.
exoskeletons.
B.
gills present throughout their lives.
C.
tails present throughout their lives.
D.
a vertebral column.
E.
a notochord present sometime in their lives.
QUESTION 10
It is generally thought that animals have undergone four major physiological and anatomical innovations during their evolution. These are (in no particular order)
A.
development of tissues, photosynthesis, bilateral symmetry, multicellularity.
B.
development of the versatile forelimb, multicellularity, origin of patterns of embryonic development, development of tissues.
C.
multicellularity, bilateral symmetry, origin of patterns of embryonic development, development of tissues.
D.
bilateral symmetry, development of tissues, origin of the multichambered heart, origin of patterns of embryonic development.
E.
origin of patterns of embryonic development, development of the versatile forelimb, origin of the multichambered heart, multicellularity.
QUESTION 11
Mammals have two traits that set them apart from all other animals. These are
A.
body hair or fur, and being homeothermic.
B.
four-chambered heart and milk production.
C.
amniotic eggs and milk production.
D.
body hair or fur, and milk production.
E.
four-chambered heart and body hair or fur.
QUESTION 12
Which of the following characteristics is not shared by typical birds and mammals?
A.
four limbs
B.
insulating skin ...
Select the true statements concerning seeds.A Seeds allow for dor.pdf
Select the true statements concerning seeds.
A: Seeds allow for dormancy until favorable conditions arise.
B: The fruit provides nutrition to the developing embryo.
C: The ovule dries and forms the seed coat.
D: The seed stores all of the nutrition and water the embryo needs to germinate.
E: Seeds can resist conditions that would kill a live plant.
F: Seeds are key to wide dispersal of offspring.
Solution
Choices A, C, D, E and F are correct.
Reason: Seeds are the germline representative which store the complete genetic information for
development of a complete plant. The seeds contain all the nutrients required to nourish a
developing embryo. Until favourable conditions of moisture, temperature and light are perceived,
the seed remains dormant and protects the underlying embryo from damages due to outer harsh
conditions. During seed formation, the ovary becomes the seed matrix and the ovule becomes the
seed coat. Further, various morphological modifications take place in the seed structures which
make them disperse easily through air/water/animals to promote cross-fertilization..
Match the description with the appropriate term. Where more than one.pdf
Match the description with the appropriate term. Where more than one answer may be correct,
choose the best answer (most specific answer, if appropriate, or most general correct answer if
the description can refer to multiple terms):
A.
An egg
A gametophyte
A sporophyte
An archegonium
An antheridium
A gametangium
A sporangium
A spore
1. A diploid plant (a multicellular, diploid organism or individual)
2. A haploid plant (a multicellular, diploid organism or individual)
3. A plant that produces spores
4. A plant that produces gametes
5. An organ or structure on a gametophyte in which gametes are produced
6. An organ or structure on a gametophyte in which eggs are produced
7. An organ or structure on a gametophyte in which sperm are produced
8. A single cell that, if fertilized, becomes a zygote
9. The multicellular structure in which a zygote forms in land plants
10. The structure in land plants in which an embryo begins to grow
11. An organ or structure on a plant in which meiosis occurs
12. An organ or structure on a plant in which spores are produced
13. A single haploid plant cell that has sporopollenin in its wall
14. A single haploid cell that divides to form a gametophyte
An eggB.
A gametophyteC.
A sporophyteD.
An archegoniumE.
An antheridiumF.
A gametangiumG.
A sporangiumH.
A spore
Solution
Sporophyte (2n): Diploid, multicellular form of a plant. It forms haploid spores through meiosis.
Gametophyte (n): Haploid, multicellular form of a plant. It forms gametes through mitosis.
1. ANS: A sporophyte (It is in diploid, but its spores are haploid).
2. ANS: A gametophyte
3. ANS: A sporophyte
4. ANS: A gametophyte
5. ANS: A gametangium
6. ANS: An archegonium
7. ANS: antheridium
8. ANS: antheridium
9. ANS: gametophyte
10. ANS: Egg (After fertilization it divides and forms embryo).
11. ANS: A sporophyte (in spores it occur)
12. ANS: A sporangium (spores are produced when sporangium splits).
13. ANS: Spores (Spores are covered by a polymer called sporopollenin).
14. ANS: Spore (Through mitosis spores can produce gametes)..
Archegoniates
This ppterrestrial habitt explains about the archegoniate plants, their adaptations, development of different support systems in transition from aquatic to terrestrial habit, about their alternation of generations, etc.
Recommended
Question 1 Mammals have two traits that set them apart from all .docx
Question 1
Mammals have two traits that set them apart from all other animals. These are
A.
body hair or fur, and being homeothermic.
B.
body hair or fur, and milk production.
C.
four-chambered heart and milk production.
D.
amniotic eggs and milk production.
E.
four-chambered heart and body hair or fur.
5 points
Question 2
Which of the following are adaptations to land of both gymnosperms and angiosperms but are lacking in ferns and mosses?
A.
fruits and flowers
B.
spores
C.
pollen and seeds
D.
vascular system
E.
roots, stems, and leaves
5 points
Question 3
Which of the following characteristics is not shared by typical birds and mammals?
A.
four limbs
B.
endothermy
C.
insulating skin structures
D.
four-chambered heart
E.
milk production
5 points
Question 4
Lichens are
A.
parasitic interactions between a fungus and an alga.
B.
capable of causing some obscure diseases.
C.
insensitive to changes in the environment.
D.
only found growing on living matter.
E.
symbiotic associations between a fungus and an alga.
5 points
Question 5
In bryophytes, the rhizoids
A.
serve as attachment structures.
B.
are involved in reproduction.
C.
obtain nutrients.
D.
lure possible prey.
E.
obtain water.
5 points
Question 6
The segmented worms of the phylum Annelida
A.
have an open circulatory system.
B.
are acoelomate.
C.
display radial symmetry.
D.
possess setae on each segment.
E.
move by use of flagella.
5 points
Question 7
It is generally thought that four critical innovations arose during the evolution of our ape-like ancestors into humans. All of the following are innovations except
A.
expansion of the human brain.
B.
development of the opposable thumb.
C.
use of brain power for abstract thought.
D.
bipedalism.
E.
toolmaking.
5 points
Question 8
This characteristic allows fungi to withstand heat and drought conditions.
A.
hyphae
B.
spores
C.
cell walls
D.
specialized organelles
E.
mycelia
5 points
Question 9
In general, mammals are not good at dispersing chili plant seeds because
A.
the chili seeds do not stick to the mammals’ fur.
B.
chili seeds are dispersed mainly by the wind.
C.
the seeds die as they pass through the digestive tract.
D.
the mammals are the main pollinators for the chili plant.
E.
the mammals do not travel very far before they release the chili seeds.
5 points
Question 10
It is generally thought that animals have undergone four major physiological and anatomical innovations during their evolution. These are (in no particular order)
A.
bilateral symmetry, development of tissues, origin of the multichambered heart, origin of patterns of embryonic development.
B.
origin of patterns of embryonic development, development of the versatile forelimb, origin of the multichambered heart, multicellularity.
C.
development of tissues, photosynthesis, bilateral symmetry, multicellularity.
D.
development of the versatile forelimb, multicellularity, origin of patterns o ...
QUESTION 1All of the following are parts of a flower except the.docx
QUESTION 1
All of the following are parts of a flower except the
A.
carpel.
B.
ovary.
C.
fruit.
D.
stamen.
E.
cuticle.
QUESTION 2
The segmented worms of the phylum Annelida
A.
have an open circulatory system.
B.
possess setae on each segment.
C.
are acoelomate.
D.
display radial symmetry.
E.
move by use of flagella.
QUESTION 3
In bryophytes, the rhizoids
A.
obtain nutrients.
B.
are involved in reproduction.
C.
obtain water.
D.
lure possible prey.
E.
serve as attachment structures.
QUESTION 4
Which of the following is not a characteristic differentiating Neanderthals from modern humans?
A.
Neanderthals had smaller brains.
B.
Neanderthals had larger noses.
C.
Neanderthals had projecting brow ridges.
D.
Neanderthals were shorter.
E.
Neanderthals were stronger.
QUESTION 5
Fungi exhibit certain characteristics. One of these characteristics is that they
A.
are capable of carrying on photosynthesis.
B.
lack cell nuclei.
C.
reproduce using seeds and pollen.
D.
reproduce using spores.
E.
are prokaryotes.
QUESTION 6
In plants, the secondary metabolites are primarily responsible for
A.
food gathering.
B.
nutrition.
C.
defense.
D.
protection against ultraviolet radiation.
E.
overcoming air pollutants.
QUESTION 7
In cnidarians, nematocysts are important in
A.
obtaining oxygen from the water.
B.
obtaining prey.
C.
movement.
D.
excretion of wastes.
E.
food digestion.
QUESTION 8
Cnidarians and ctenophores are similar in that they both have
A.
a pseudocoel.
B.
a digestive tract with two openings.
C.
radial symmetry.
D.
mesoderm.
E.
nematocysts.
QUESTION 9
All members of the phylum Chordata share
A.
exoskeletons.
B.
gills present throughout their lives.
C.
tails present throughout their lives.
D.
a vertebral column.
E.
a notochord present sometime in their lives.
QUESTION 10
It is generally thought that animals have undergone four major physiological and anatomical innovations during their evolution. These are (in no particular order)
A.
development of tissues, photosynthesis, bilateral symmetry, multicellularity.
B.
development of the versatile forelimb, multicellularity, origin of patterns of embryonic development, development of tissues.
C.
multicellularity, bilateral symmetry, origin of patterns of embryonic development, development of tissues.
D.
bilateral symmetry, development of tissues, origin of the multichambered heart, origin of patterns of embryonic development.
E.
origin of patterns of embryonic development, development of the versatile forelimb, origin of the multichambered heart, multicellularity.
QUESTION 11
Mammals have two traits that set them apart from all other animals. These are
A.
body hair or fur, and being homeothermic.
B.
four-chambered heart and milk production.
C.
amniotic eggs and milk production.
D.
body hair or fur, and milk production.
E.
four-chambered heart and body hair or fur.
QUESTION 12
Which of the following characteristics is not shared by typical birds and mammals?
A.
four limbs
B.
insulating skin ...
Select the true statements concerning seeds.A Seeds allow for dor.pdf
Select the true statements concerning seeds.
A: Seeds allow for dormancy until favorable conditions arise.
B: The fruit provides nutrition to the developing embryo.
C: The ovule dries and forms the seed coat.
D: The seed stores all of the nutrition and water the embryo needs to germinate.
E: Seeds can resist conditions that would kill a live plant.
F: Seeds are key to wide dispersal of offspring.
Solution
Choices A, C, D, E and F are correct.
Reason: Seeds are the germline representative which store the complete genetic information for
development of a complete plant. The seeds contain all the nutrients required to nourish a
developing embryo. Until favourable conditions of moisture, temperature and light are perceived,
the seed remains dormant and protects the underlying embryo from damages due to outer harsh
conditions. During seed formation, the ovary becomes the seed matrix and the ovule becomes the
seed coat. Further, various morphological modifications take place in the seed structures which
make them disperse easily through air/water/animals to promote cross-fertilization..
Match the description with the appropriate term. Where more than one.pdf
Match the description with the appropriate term. Where more than one answer may be correct,
choose the best answer (most specific answer, if appropriate, or most general correct answer if
the description can refer to multiple terms):
A.
An egg
A gametophyte
A sporophyte
An archegonium
An antheridium
A gametangium
A sporangium
A spore
1. A diploid plant (a multicellular, diploid organism or individual)
2. A haploid plant (a multicellular, diploid organism or individual)
3. A plant that produces spores
4. A plant that produces gametes
5. An organ or structure on a gametophyte in which gametes are produced
6. An organ or structure on a gametophyte in which eggs are produced
7. An organ or structure on a gametophyte in which sperm are produced
8. A single cell that, if fertilized, becomes a zygote
9. The multicellular structure in which a zygote forms in land plants
10. The structure in land plants in which an embryo begins to grow
11. An organ or structure on a plant in which meiosis occurs
12. An organ or structure on a plant in which spores are produced
13. A single haploid plant cell that has sporopollenin in its wall
14. A single haploid cell that divides to form a gametophyte
An eggB.
A gametophyteC.
A sporophyteD.
An archegoniumE.
An antheridiumF.
A gametangiumG.
A sporangiumH.
A spore
Solution
Sporophyte (2n): Diploid, multicellular form of a plant. It forms haploid spores through meiosis.
Gametophyte (n): Haploid, multicellular form of a plant. It forms gametes through mitosis.
1. ANS: A sporophyte (It is in diploid, but its spores are haploid).
2. ANS: A gametophyte
3. ANS: A sporophyte
4. ANS: A gametophyte
5. ANS: A gametangium
6. ANS: An archegonium
7. ANS: antheridium
8. ANS: antheridium
9. ANS: gametophyte
10. ANS: Egg (After fertilization it divides and forms embryo).
11. ANS: A sporophyte (in spores it occur)
12. ANS: A sporangium (spores are produced when sporangium splits).
13. ANS: Spores (Spores are covered by a polymer called sporopollenin).
14. ANS: Spore (Through mitosis spores can produce gametes)..
Archegoniates
This ppterrestrial habitt explains about the archegoniate plants, their adaptations, development of different support systems in transition from aquatic to terrestrial habit, about their alternation of generations, etc.
1. It is widely agreed that the plant kingdom arose from A)Eumycota..pdf
1. It is widely agreed that the plant kingdom arose from A)Eumycota. B)Chrysophyta.
C)Phaeophyta. D)Rhodophyta. E)Chlorophyta.
2. A universal feature of the life cycle of plants is A)morphologically identical haploid and
diploid stages. B)genetically identical haploid and diploid stages. C)alteration of generations
between heteromorphic haploid gametophytes and diploid sporophytes. D)All of the above
E)None of the above
3. Several evolutionary adaptations to land are shared by all plants. These shared adaptations do
not include A)waxy protective coverings. B)support against gravity. C)means of taking up water
from the soil. D)protective structures for the new sporophyte. E)water transport by xylem.
4. Ferns are in which phylum? A) Lycophyta B) Anthocerophyta C) Hepatophyta D) Pterophyta
E) Bryophyta
5. The bryophytes are dependent on water for reproduction because A) sperm are passively
transported to eggs by water. B) gametogenesis only occurs when the plants are moist. C) eggs
and sperm are released into water and then unite. D) sperm must swim through water to reach
and fertilize eggs. E) None of the above
6. All plants produce __________ by mitosis and __________ by meiosis. A)spores, gametes
B)gametes, gametes C)gametes, spores D)spores, spores E)spores, gametes and spores
7. In a heterosporous life cycle, the microspore develops into the _____ gametophyte, while the
megaspore develops into the ______ gametophyte. A)female, male B)male, female C)diploid,
haploid D)haploid, diploid E)None of the above
8. Asexual reproduction in liverworts is accomplished by A)gametophytes. B)spores. C)gemmae.
D)tracheids.
9. You are walking along a roadside and find a plant with the following characteristics: very thin
waxy cuticle, stomata, simple leaves in whorls around a central stem, independent sporophyte
and gametophyte, sporangia in strobili. This plant is most likely a member of which of the
following phyla? A)Bryophyta B)Sphenophyta C)Pterophyta D)Lycophyta
10. Plants differ from algae in that only plants A)are photosynthetic. B)are multicellular.
C)possess chlorophyll. D)have multicellular embryos protected by the parent. E)are eukaryotic.
11. Which statement about the alternation of generations in plants is not true? A) The plant life
cycle is characterized by diploid and haploid forms. B)Meiosis occurs in sporangia. C)Gametes
are always produced by meiosis. D)The zygote is the first cell of the sporophyte generation.
E)The gametophyte and sporophyte differ genetically.
12. The most abundant gymnosperm phylum today is A) Cycadophyta. B) Ginkgophyta. C)
Gnetophyta. D) Coniferophyta. E) None of the above
13. Coniferous gymnosperms, such as pines, depend primarily on __________ for pollination;
thus, the plants produce large quantities of pollen that disperse over large areas during the spring.
A) insects B) birds C) water D) wind E) mammals
14. An evolutionary trend that runs throughout the plant kingdom is that the sporophyte
generation ___ and .
Science 9 Unit A Biological Diversity Section2 Lesson4 Asexual Sexual Reprodu...
Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
Budding
Spore Production
Vegetative Production
Binary Fission
Plant Reproduction
Animal Reproduction
5- Which of the following is TRUE regarding the seedless vascular plan.docx
5. Which of the following is TRUE regarding the seedless vascular plants? (Circle the correct answer) a. The dominant generation is the diploid sporophyte. b. Vascular tissue provides support, allowing them to grow taller than nonvascular plants. c. Gametes are not flagellated, and thus water is no longer needed for fertilization. d. Two of the above are true. e. All of the above are true. 6. What term do biologists use to indicate a state of extreme dryness, or the process of extreme drying? 7. Indicate whether each of the following is nonvascular or vascular. Lycophytes A. Nonvascular Ferns B. Vascular Hornworts Horsetails Liverworts Mosses 8. Match each plant group with the descriptions that follow. Answer choices may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. Lycophytes C. Horsetails B. Ferns D. Mosses Few herbivores feed on this plant because its stems are impregnated with silica. The spores of ancestral members of this group gave rise to a type of fossil fuel. Have true leaves, stems \& roots. Have microphyll leaves. Have megaphyll leaves. Gametophytes are the dominant generation. Sporophytes are the dominant generation. Sporophyte is nutritionally dependent on gametophyte. Gametophyte and sporophyte are independent of each other.
.
5- Which of the following is TRUE regarding the seedless vascular plan.docx
5. Which of the following is TRUE regarding the seedless vascular plants? (Circle the correct answer) a. The dominant generation is the diploid sporophyte. b. Vascular tissue provides support, allowing them to grow taller than nonvascular plants. c. Gametes are not flagellated, and thus water is no longer needed for fertilization. d. Two of the above are true. e. All of the above are true. 6. What term do biologists use to indicate a state of extreme dryness, or the process of extreme drying? 7. Indicate whether each of the following is nonvascular or vascular. Lycophytes A. Nonvascular Ferns B. Vascular Hornworts Horsetails Liverworts Mosses 8. Match each plant group with the descriptions that follow. Answer choices may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. Lycophytes C. Horsetails B. Ferns D. Mosses Few herbivores feed on this plant because its stems are impregnated with silica. The spores of ancestral members of this group gave rise to a type of fossil fuel. Have true leaves, stems \& roots. Have microphyll leaves. Have megaphyll leaves. Gametophytes are the dominant generation. Sporophytes are the dominant generation. Sporophyte is nutritionally dependent on gametophyte. Gametophyte and sporophyte are independent of each other.
.
6. All plants produce __________ by mitosis and __________ by meiosi.pdf
6. All plants produce __________ by mitosis and __________ by meiosis. A)spores, gametes
B)gametes, gametes C)gametes, spores D)spores, spores E)spores, gametes and spores 7. In a
heterosporous life cycle, the microspore develops into the _____ gametophyte, while the
megaspore develops into the ______ gametophyte. A)female, male B)male, female C)diploid,
haploid D)haploid, diploid E)None of the above 8. Asexual reproduction in liverworts is
accomplished by A)gametophytes. B)spores. C)gemmae. D)tracheids. 9. You are walking along
a roadside and find a plant with the following characteristics: very thin waxy cuticle, stomata,
simple leaves in whorls around a central stem, independent sporophyte and gametophyte,
sporangia in strobili. This plant is most likely a member of which of the following phyla?
A)Bryophyta B)Sphenophyta C)Pterophyta D)Lycophyta 10. Plants differ from algae in that only
plants A)are photosynthetic. B)are multicellular. C)possess chlorophyll. D)have multicellular
embryos protected by the parent. E)are eukaryotic. 11. Which statement about the alternation of
generations in plants is not true? A) The plant life cycle is characterized by diploid and haploid
forms. B)Meiosis occurs in sporangia. C)Gametes are always produced by meiosis. D)The
zygote is the first cell of the sporophyte generation. E)The gametophyte and sporophyte differ
genetically. 12. The most abundant gymnosperm phylum today is A) Cycadophyta. B)
Ginkgophyta. C) Gnetophyta. D) Coniferophyta. E) None of the above 13. Coniferous
gymnosperms, such as pines, depend primarily on __________ for pollination; thus, the plants
produce large quantities of pollen that disperse over large areas during the spring. A) insects B)
birds C) water D) wind E) mammals 14. An evolutionary trend that runs throughout the plant
kingdom is that the sporophyte generation ___ and is more independent of the gametophyte, and
the gametophyte generation _____ and is more dependent upon the sporophyte. A) becomes
smaller, becomes smaller B) becomes larger, becomes smaller C) becomes smaller, becomes
larger D) becomes larger, becomes larger E) does not change in size, becomes larger 15.
Angiosperms differ from other plants in that two male gametes, contained within a single male
gametophyte, participate in fertilization events. One sperm nucleus combines with the egg to
produce a diploid zygote. The other sperm nucleus combines with two other haploid nuclei of the
female gametophyte. This process is called A) biparental inheritance. B) multiple paternity. C)
double fertilization. D) biparental fertilization. E) multiple fertilization. 16. The reproductive
organ of angiosperms is the A)sporangium. B) flower. C) cone. D) archegonium. E) sporophyte.
17. The prominent components of Earth\'s modern land flora in most areas are A) angiosperms.
B) gymnosperms. C) ferns. D) bryophytes. E) club mosses. 18. Flowers with insect pollination
have showy A) petals. B) sepals. C) anthers. D) fruits 19. In a.
1- During your semester abroad you are taking part in a field study in.pdf
1. During your semester abroad you are taking part in a field study in a tropical localtion.
Although the area is in the tropics you are afforded indoor plumbing and electricity during your
stay. However, because you are at risk to specific parasitic roundworms your instructor explains
how to stay safe from infection. Which of the following statements will help you avoid
infection?
Multiple Choice
a. Mosquito repellent should be worn during the day and mosquito netting should be used while
sleeping to protect you from Wuchereria bancrofti .
b. Mosquito repellent should be worn during the day and mosquito netting should be used while
sleeping to protect you from Necator americanus .
c. Shoes (no open-toed shoes or sandals) or boots should be worn to prevent infection by
Wuchereria bancrofti .
d. Shoes (no open-toed shoes or sandals) or boots should be worn to prevent infection by
Necator americanus .
2. Most cnidarians possess two distinct body forms: the polyp, which is _________blank, and the
medusa, which is _________blank.
Multiple Choice
a. sessile; motile.
b. asymmetric; radially symmetric.
c. poisonous; nonpoisonous.
d. diplobastic; triploblastic.
3. Insects - of the subphylum Hexapoda - are remarkable for how successful they have been and
for their diversity. Which of these are key traits that help the insects, in particular, be so
widespread, diverse, and in so many ecological roles? true or false
a. Most insects have wings. True or False
b. Most insects molt their hard exoskeleton. True or False
c. Insect mouthparts are specialized in many different forms. True or False
d. Insects are parasites so they benefit from the work and nutrition of other animals. True or
False
e. The diets of insects, overall, are extremely varied, so different insects can specialize in almost
any food source. True or False
4. Your lab group is presented with an unknown mollusk. Your task is to assign it to one of the
major taxonomic classes. Which characteristic would allow you to say definitively that it belongs
to the Class Cephalopoda?
Multiple Choice
a. Mantle.
b. Gills.
c. Nephridia.
d. A closed circulatory system.
5. Jellyfish sting through specialized cells on their tentacles. Which of these has the most similar
function to the sting of a jellyfish:
Multiple Choice
a. The sting of a bee is because it injects venom to defend itself when threatened.
b. The bite of a snake because it injects venom to immobilize prey to eat.
c. The thorn of a cactus makes it too pointy to chew up.
d. The irritating oils of poison ivy or poison oak that rub onto animals that come in contact with
it.
6. Segmentation in the annelid worms has facilitated locomotion and specialization of different
parts of these animals. Evaluate the following statements about segmentation in the annelids and
determine if they are true or false.
A. Excretion is accomplished by paired protonephridia with flame cells in every segment of the
body. True or False
B. If the organs in one segment fa.
Give background information concerning EMT and include what is known.pdf
Give background information concerning EMT and include what is known about EMT in normal
development as well as in neoplasms. What are strategies that could be used to overcome drug
resistance in cancer cells by targeting EMT (minimum four paragraphs).
Solution
Answer:
Cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis: This hypothesis elucidating that the CSC are the
subpopulation and able to exert higher resistance associated with explicit capability to self-renew
finally to differentiate into different offspring of cancer cells to generate a tumor. This
hypothesis is based on the cellular mechanisms exclusively developed inside the CSC to exert
resistance such pathways are mainly through Wnt signaling, Notch signaling. There are other
targets to regulate proliferation and differentiation through ABC transporter system and receptor
tyrosine kinases. These targets are the future stem cells anti-cancer therapies in regulating the
proliferation & differentiation of cancer cells as CSCs have a potential relationship with
epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).
Metastasis has many steps. The main cancer cell morphological features that support invasion,
intravasation, and extravasation are epithelial-mesenchymal transition via cell -adhesion
molecules. Invasion is mainly due to presence of cell adhesion molecules such as integrins on the
cancer cells finally promote the movement of cancer cells to another region. This process is
going to connect adjacent cells to tumor cells finally undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition
(EMT) result in formation of \"continuously dividing neoplasms\" with higher drug resistence to
cure compared to normal cells
Strategies that could be used to overcome drug resistance in cancer cells by targeting EMT:
\"A combination therapy of neutraceuticals & chemotherapeutic agents\" are most promising
strategies to overcome drug resistance in cancer cells by targeting EMTs, cancer stem cells
(CSC) &
Modulation of microRNAs do promote effective strategy to overcome drug resistance in cancer
cells
Oligonucletodie deliver: Another strategy could be used to overcome drug resistance in cancer
cells by targeting EMT. In this method, synthesized microRNAs are going to make in the form of
\"nanoparticle or microsomal\" formulation finally used to target microRNAs in cancer cells
result in \"complete destruction of pre-mRNA\" finally there will no translation mechanism to
synthesize \"cell survival proteins\" to proliferate.
Explain how the current economic recession differs from the depressio.pdf
Explain how the current economic recession differs from the depression in the 1930\'s.
Solution
The Great depression was worldwide. It was due to the collapse of the international financial
system It also resulted from the mutual adoption by many countries ( including USA) of high-
tariff policies, which were intended to keep out foreign goods in order to protect domestic
producers. The policies were called \"beggar thy neighbour\" strategies since they attempted to
\"export\" unemployment by improving one country\'s trade position and hence demand for its
goods at the expense of its trading partners And , of course, if each country keeps out foreign
goods, the volume of world trade declines, providing a contractionary influence on the world
economy
Almost every country suffered a deep recession in the 1930s, but some countries did better than
USA Sweden began an expansionary policy in the early 1930s and reduced its unemployment
relatively quicker Britain\'s economy suffered high unemployment but in 1931 it went off the
gold standard and the ensuing devaluation of the pound sterling set the stage for some
improvement. Germany grew rapidly after Hitler came to power and expanded government
spending. China escaped the recession until after 1931, because it had a floating exchange rate.
In 1938, real GNP in US rose above its 1929 level for the first time in the decade, but it was not
until 1942 , after the US formally entered world war II , that the unemployment rate finally fell
below 5%
The experience of the US in the early 1980s- the worst recession since the Great Depression,
casts doubt on the optimistism of recovery. During the 1980s, the US experienced the largest
sustained budget deficits in its peacetime history. Even so cutting spending or raising taxes was
not politically popular. Gradually, in the 1990s, the deficit began to be brought under control,
and toward the end of the decade the budget swung into surplus.This was due to raising the
prices and government spending.
By,
Nishant Bhatt.
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2. A universal feature of the life cycle of plants is A)morphologically identical haploid and
diploid stages. B)genetically identical haploid and diploid stages. C)alteration of generations
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E)None of the above
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from the soil. D)protective structures for the new sporophyte. E)water transport by xylem.
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E) Bryophyta
5. The bryophytes are dependent on water for reproduction because A) sperm are passively
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and sperm are released into water and then unite. D) sperm must swim through water to reach
and fertilize eggs. E) None of the above
6. All plants produce __________ by mitosis and __________ by meiosis. A)spores, gametes
B)gametes, gametes C)gametes, spores D)spores, spores E)spores, gametes and spores
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megaspore develops into the ______ gametophyte. A)female, male B)male, female C)diploid,
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8. Asexual reproduction in liverworts is accomplished by A)gametophytes. B)spores. C)gemmae.
D)tracheids.
9. You are walking along a roadside and find a plant with the following characteristics: very thin
waxy cuticle, stomata, simple leaves in whorls around a central stem, independent sporophyte
and gametophyte, sporangia in strobili. This plant is most likely a member of which of the
following phyla? A)Bryophyta B)Sphenophyta C)Pterophyta D)Lycophyta
10. Plants differ from algae in that only plants A)are photosynthetic. B)are multicellular.
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cycle is characterized by diploid and haploid forms. B)Meiosis occurs in sporangia. C)Gametes
are always produced by meiosis. D)The zygote is the first cell of the sporophyte generation.
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12. The most abundant gymnosperm phylum today is A) Cycadophyta. B) Ginkgophyta. C)
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5- Which of the following is TRUE regarding the seedless vascular plan.docx
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a roadside and find a plant with the following characteristics: very thin waxy cuticle, stomata,
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1. During your semester abroad you are taking part in a field study in a tropical localtion.
Although the area is in the tropics you are afforded indoor plumbing and electricity during your
stay. However, because you are at risk to specific parasitic roundworms your instructor explains
how to stay safe from infection. Which of the following statements will help you avoid
infection?
Multiple Choice
a. Mosquito repellent should be worn during the day and mosquito netting should be used while
sleeping to protect you from Wuchereria bancrofti .
b. Mosquito repellent should be worn during the day and mosquito netting should be used while
sleeping to protect you from Necator americanus .
c. Shoes (no open-toed shoes or sandals) or boots should be worn to prevent infection by
Wuchereria bancrofti .
d. Shoes (no open-toed shoes or sandals) or boots should be worn to prevent infection by
Necator americanus .
2. Most cnidarians possess two distinct body forms: the polyp, which is _________blank, and the
medusa, which is _________blank.
Multiple Choice
a. sessile; motile.
b. asymmetric; radially symmetric.
c. poisonous; nonpoisonous.
d. diplobastic; triploblastic.
3. Insects - of the subphylum Hexapoda - are remarkable for how successful they have been and
for their diversity. Which of these are key traits that help the insects, in particular, be so
widespread, diverse, and in so many ecological roles? true or false
a. Most insects have wings. True or False
b. Most insects molt their hard exoskeleton. True or False
c. Insect mouthparts are specialized in many different forms. True or False
d. Insects are parasites so they benefit from the work and nutrition of other animals. True or
False
e. The diets of insects, overall, are extremely varied, so different insects can specialize in almost
any food source. True or False
4. Your lab group is presented with an unknown mollusk. Your task is to assign it to one of the
major taxonomic classes. Which characteristic would allow you to say definitively that it belongs
to the Class Cephalopoda?
Multiple Choice
a. Mantle.
b. Gills.
c. Nephridia.
d. A closed circulatory system.
5. Jellyfish sting through specialized cells on their tentacles. Which of these has the most similar
function to the sting of a jellyfish:
Multiple Choice
a. The sting of a bee is because it injects venom to defend itself when threatened.
b. The bite of a snake because it injects venom to immobilize prey to eat.
c. The thorn of a cactus makes it too pointy to chew up.
d. The irritating oils of poison ivy or poison oak that rub onto animals that come in contact with
it.
6. Segmentation in the annelid worms has facilitated locomotion and specialization of different
parts of these animals. Evaluate the following statements about segmentation in the annelids and
determine if they are true or false.
A. Excretion is accomplished by paired protonephridia with flame cells in every segment of the
body. True or False
B. If the organs in one segment fa.
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Give background information concerning EMT and include what is known.pdf
Give background information concerning EMT and include what is known about EMT in normal
development as well as in neoplasms. What are strategies that could be used to overcome drug
resistance in cancer cells by targeting EMT (minimum four paragraphs).
Solution
Answer:
Cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis: This hypothesis elucidating that the CSC are the
subpopulation and able to exert higher resistance associated with explicit capability to self-renew
finally to differentiate into different offspring of cancer cells to generate a tumor. This
hypothesis is based on the cellular mechanisms exclusively developed inside the CSC to exert
resistance such pathways are mainly through Wnt signaling, Notch signaling. There are other
targets to regulate proliferation and differentiation through ABC transporter system and receptor
tyrosine kinases. These targets are the future stem cells anti-cancer therapies in regulating the
proliferation & differentiation of cancer cells as CSCs have a potential relationship with
epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).
Metastasis has many steps. The main cancer cell morphological features that support invasion,
intravasation, and extravasation are epithelial-mesenchymal transition via cell -adhesion
molecules. Invasion is mainly due to presence of cell adhesion molecules such as integrins on the
cancer cells finally promote the movement of cancer cells to another region. This process is
going to connect adjacent cells to tumor cells finally undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition
(EMT) result in formation of \"continuously dividing neoplasms\" with higher drug resistence to
cure compared to normal cells
Strategies that could be used to overcome drug resistance in cancer cells by targeting EMT:
\"A combination therapy of neutraceuticals & chemotherapeutic agents\" are most promising
strategies to overcome drug resistance in cancer cells by targeting EMTs, cancer stem cells
(CSC) &
Modulation of microRNAs do promote effective strategy to overcome drug resistance in cancer
cells
Oligonucletodie deliver: Another strategy could be used to overcome drug resistance in cancer
cells by targeting EMT. In this method, synthesized microRNAs are going to make in the form of
\"nanoparticle or microsomal\" formulation finally used to target microRNAs in cancer cells
result in \"complete destruction of pre-mRNA\" finally there will no translation mechanism to
synthesize \"cell survival proteins\" to proliferate.
Explain how the current economic recession differs from the depressio.pdf
Explain how the current economic recession differs from the depression in the 1930\'s.
Solution
The Great depression was worldwide. It was due to the collapse of the international financial
system It also resulted from the mutual adoption by many countries ( including USA) of high-
tariff policies, which were intended to keep out foreign goods in order to protect domestic
producers. The policies were called \"beggar thy neighbour\" strategies since they attempted to
\"export\" unemployment by improving one country\'s trade position and hence demand for its
goods at the expense of its trading partners And , of course, if each country keeps out foreign
goods, the volume of world trade declines, providing a contractionary influence on the world
economy
Almost every country suffered a deep recession in the 1930s, but some countries did better than
USA Sweden began an expansionary policy in the early 1930s and reduced its unemployment
relatively quicker Britain\'s economy suffered high unemployment but in 1931 it went off the
gold standard and the ensuing devaluation of the pound sterling set the stage for some
improvement. Germany grew rapidly after Hitler came to power and expanded government
spending. China escaped the recession until after 1931, because it had a floating exchange rate.
In 1938, real GNP in US rose above its 1929 level for the first time in the decade, but it was not
until 1942 , after the US formally entered world war II , that the unemployment rate finally fell
below 5%
The experience of the US in the early 1980s- the worst recession since the Great Depression,
casts doubt on the optimistism of recovery. During the 1980s, the US experienced the largest
sustained budget deficits in its peacetime history. Even so cutting spending or raising taxes was
not politically popular. Gradually, in the 1990s, the deficit began to be brought under control,
and toward the end of the decade the budget swung into surplus.This was due to raising the
prices and government spending.
By,
Nishant Bhatt.
Does yeast uses CopI and CopII formation for vesicle budding to grow.pdf
Does yeast uses CopI and CopII formation for vesicle budding to grow asexually?Is CopII starts
from the er then goes out the cell and CopI works for the molecules comes in the cell and goes to
nucleus?Does copII carries proteins away to make the budding?Please explain in details.
Solution
Yes, yeasts reproduce asexually by an asymmetric division process known as budding. Initially,
yeast forms a small protuberance which then grows to a full size and forms a bud. Then the
nucleus splits and migrates into the daughter cell. After the movement of nucleus, the entire bud
detaches from the parent cell by forming a constriction at the base. This process will repeat until
a chain of bud cells are formed..
DNA molecules consist of chemically linked sequences of the bases ad.pdf
DNA molecules consist of chemically linked sequences of the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine
and thymine, denoted A, G, C and T. A sequence of three bases is called a codon. A base may
appear more than once in a codon.
1) Represent all possible base sequences using a tree diagram.
2) How many different codons are there?
3) The bases A and G are purines, while C and T are pyrimidines. How many codons are there
whose first and third bases are purines and whose second base is a pyrimidine?
4) How many codons consist of three different bases?
Solution.
Data StructuresPLEASE USING THIS C++ PROGRAM BELOW, I NEED HEL.pdf
Data Structures
PLEASE USING THIS C++ PROGRAM BELOW, I NEED HELP ON IMPLEMENTING
BOTH QUEUE AND STACK TO PRINT \"I able\"
REVERSE/BACKWARDS(PALINDROME)
#include
#include
using namespace std;
struct st
{
int year;
st *next;
};
class queue
{
public:
int sz,i = 0;
char chr[100];
queue()
{
//constructor for initializing front and rear to NULL
front = NULL;
rear = NULL;
cout << \"enter size of queue: \";
cin >> sz;
}
// ~queue()
// {
//
// }
// in the enterqueue, create a new node, assign value and add it to queue
// if F = R = NULL the ( ) else ( )
void enterqueue(int yr, char el)
{
//inserting into queue if queue not overflow
if(i >= sz)
{
cout << \"queue over flow\";
return;
}
if (front == NULL )
{
front = new st;
front->next = NULL;
front->year = yr;
rear = front;
chr[i] = el;
i++;
}
else
{
st *temp = new st;
temp->year = yr;
rear->next = temp;
rear = temp;
chr[i] = el;
i++;
}
}
char deletequeue()
{
//delete front data from queue if data in the queue
char tr;
int j = 0;
st *temp;
temp = front;
if( front == NULL)
{
cout << \"queue under flow\";
return \'a\';
}
if(front == rear)
{
front = rear = NULL;
return \'a\';
}
front = front->next;
delete temp;
tr = chr[0];
i--;
for(j = 0; j < i; j++)
{
chr[j] = chr[j+1];
}
chr[j] = \'\\0\';
return tr;
}
bool isempty()
{
//it shows whether queue is empty
if( front == NULL)
{
return true;
}
else
return false;
}
bool isfull()
{
//it shows whether queue is full
if(i == sz)
return true;
else
return false;
}
void display()
{
//it displays queue data with characters of queue if invalid choice is entered
st *tmp;
int j = 0;
cout << \"\ queue is:\ character \\tyear\";
for(tmp = front; tmp != rear; tmp = tmp->next, j++)
{
cout << \"\ \" << chr[j] << \" \" << tmp->year;
}
cout << \"\ \"<year;
}
private:
st *front, *rear;
};
int main()
{
//main method to call queue functions by choice
queue s1;
int ch,yr;
char el;
bool s;
while(1)
{
cout << \"\ 1.ENTERQUEUE\ 2.DELETEQUEUE\ 3.ISEMPTY\ 4.ISFULL\ 5.EXIT\ enter
your choice: \";
cin >> ch;
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
if(!s1.isfull())
{
cout << \"\ enter a year : \";
cin >> yr;
cout << \"\ enter a character : \";
cin >> el;
s1.enterqueue(yr, el);
}
else
cout << \"insertion not possible\";
break;
case 2:
s = s1.isempty();
if(!s)
{
el = s1.deletequeue();
cout << \"\ The character of queue \" << el <<\" is deleted\" << endl;
}
else
cout << \"\ queue is empty.deletion not possible\"<< endl;
break;
case 3:
s = s1.isempty();
if(s)
cout << \"\ queue is empty\" << endl;
else
cout << \"\ queue is not empty\" << endl;
break;
case 4:
s=s1.isfull();
if(s)
cout << \"\ queue is full\" << endl;
else
cout << \"\ queue is not full\" << endl;
break;
case 5:
exit(0);
default : cout << \"invalid choice\" << endl;
if(!s1.isempty())
s1.display();
}
}
return (0);
}
Solution
#include
#include
using namespace std;
struct st
{
int year;
st *next;
};
class queue
{
public:
//int sz,i=0;//modified //code modified here// everything is fine with the code except this...
queue is implemented correctly
//you can .
Count Red Nodes. Write a program that computes the percentage of red.pdf
Count Red Nodes. Write a program that computes the percentage of red nodes in a given red-
black BST. Test your program by running at least 100 trials of the experiment of inserting N
random keys into an initially empty tree, for N = 10^4, 10^5, 10^6, and formulate an hypothesis.
*It is experiment from textbook Algorithms, 3.3.42
Does anyone know the answer?
Solution
/*
* Java Program to Implement Red Black Tree
*/
import java.util.Scanner;
/* Class Node */
class RedBlackNode
{
RedBlackNode left, right;
int element;
int color;
/* Constructor */
public RedBlackNode(int theElement)
{
this( theElement, null, null );
}
/* Constructor */
public RedBlackNode(int theElement, RedBlackNode lt, RedBlackNode rt)
{
left = lt;
right = rt;
element = theElement;
color = 1;
}
}
/* Class RBTree */
class RBTree
{
private RedBlackNode current;
private RedBlackNode parent;
private RedBlackNode grand;
private RedBlackNode great;
private RedBlackNode header;
private static RedBlackNode nullNode;
/* static initializer for nullNode */
static
{
nullNode = new RedBlackNode(0);
nullNode.left = nullNode;
nullNode.right = nullNode;
}
/* Black - 1 RED - 0 */
static final int BLACK = 1;
static final int RED = 0;
/* Constructor */
public RBTree(int negInf)
{
header = new RedBlackNode(negInf);
header.left = nullNode;
header.right = nullNode;
}
/* Function to check if tree is empty */
public boolean isEmpty()
{
return header.right == nullNode;
}
/* Make the tree logically empty */
public void makeEmpty()
{
header.right = nullNode;
}
/* Function to insert item */
public void insert(int item )
{
current = parent = grand = header;
nullNode.element = item;
while (current.element != item)
{
great = grand;
grand = parent;
parent = current;
current = item < current.element ? current.left : current.right;
// Check if two red children and fix if so
if (current.left.color == RED && current.right.color == RED)
handleReorient( item );
}
// Insertion fails if already present
if (current != nullNode)
return;
current = new RedBlackNode(item, nullNode, nullNode);
// Attach to parent
if (item < parent.element)
parent.left = current;
else
parent.right = current;
handleReorient( item );
}
private void handleReorient(int item)
{
// Do the color flip
current.color = RED;
current.left.color = BLACK;
current.right.color = BLACK;
if (parent.color == RED)
{
// Have to rotate
grand.color = RED;
if (item < grand.element != item < parent.element)
parent = rotate( item, grand ); // Start dbl rotate
current = rotate(item, great );
current.color = BLACK;
}
// Make root black
header.right.color = BLACK;
}
private RedBlackNode rotate(int item, RedBlackNode parent)
{
if(item < parent.element)
return parent.left = item < parent.left.element ? rotateWithLeftChild(parent.left) :
rotateWithRightChild(parent.left) ;
else
return parent.right = item < parent.right.element ? rotateWithLeftChild(parent.right) :
rotateWithRightChild(parent.right);
}
/* Rotate binary tree node with left child */
private RedBlackNode rot.
apple 2008 historically what were Apples major competitive advanta.pdf
apple 2008
historically what were Apples major competitive advantages and why did they fail to build on
these advantages to lead the industry?
Solution
Apples major competitive advantages:
Apple II and Macintosh were the machines that made Apple. They both had to following
features.
Brand loyalty among important segments
Reasons for why did Apple fail to build on these advantages to lead the industry:
Apple’s missteps:
Entry of Rivals:.
A partial results from a PERT analysis for a project with 50 activit.pdf
A partial results from a PERT analysis for a project with 50 activities shows that path A-K-Q
Solution
There are 50 activities shows the path A-K-Q.
With the help of PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique), and CPM (Critical Path
Method), the project manager can
1. Plan the project ahead of time and foresee possible sources of troubles and delays in
completion.
2. Schedule the project activities at the appropriate times to conform with proper job sequence so
that the project is completed as soon as possible.
3. Coordinate and control the projects activities so as to stay on schedule in completing the
project.
Thus PERT incorporates uncertainties in activity times in its analysis. It determines the
probabilities of completing various stages of the project by specified deadlines. It also calculates
the expected time to complete the project. An important and extremely useful by product of
PERT analysis is its identification of various “bottlenecks” in a project.
Application of PERT and CPM
A partial list of applications of PERT and CPM techniques is
1. Construction projects (e.g., buildings, highways, houses, and bridges)
2. Preparation of bids and proposals for large projects.
3. Maintenance planning of oil refineries, ship repairs, and other large operations.
4. Development of new weapons systems and new manufactured products.
5. Manufacture and assembly of large items such as airplanes, ships, and computers. 6. Simple
projects.
Six steps :
1. Define the projects and all of its significant activities or tasks.
2. Develop the relationships among the activities. Decide which activities must precede and
which must follow others.
3. Draw the network connecting all of the activities.
4. Assign time and/or cost estimates to each activity.
5. Compute the longest time path through the network; this is called the critical path.
6. Use the network to help plan, schedule, monitor and control the project..
briefly write about the variability of natural systems and the signi.pdf
briefly write about the variability of natural systems and the significance of the rate of change
and predictability to the stability and functioning of ecological systems
Solution
Answer:- The natural ecological systems are usually variable in physical and biological
characteristics that are always in dynamic equilibrium with their biota. The ecological systems
which diverse both in eveness and richness of species are usually stable and less prone to
extinction and resist the disturbances created by any external agency. The keystone species play
an important role in the ecosystem functioning and overall community stability. Thus variability
and stability are essential for functioning of ecological systems..
A graph is symmetric with respect to the vertical line corresponding.pdf
A graph is symmetric with respect to the vertical line corresponding to t= pi/2 and r > 0. What
does this say about the algebraic symmetry of the function?
A. r(t)=r(pi-t)
B. r(t)=r(-t)
C. r(t)=r(pi/2-t)
D. r(t)=-r(t)
Solution
Symmetrical wrt to vertical line: t=pi/2 and r>0
which above the horizontal axisi.e. 0--- pi rad
So, it means r(t) = r(180 -t) = r(pi -t)
Option A.
X-Linked Recessive Write three rules to keep in mind when counseling .pdf
X-Linked Recessive Write three rules to keep in mind when counseling someone about the
likelihood of inheriting an X-linked recessive condition: About parents\' genotype. About
parents\' phenotype. About the probability of the offspring showing the trait. If instead of having
Hemophilia C (autosomal recessive), Lisa Keller\'s brother had Hemophilia A (X-linked
recessive), what would be the probability that she was a carrier? 25% 50% 67% 100% More
information is required to answer this question.
Solution
About genotype of parents- If the mother is a carrier i.e. carrying the recessive allele on one of
her X chromosome and the father do not have the recessive allele in his genotype, then none of
the daughters will suffer from the disease (since they will inherit only one recessive allele from
the mother) but sons will have a 50% probability of suffering from the disease as they will
inherit the recessive allele from the mother and the Y chromosome from the father, although
there is a 50% probability of inheriting the wild type allele from the mother.
Now if the mother is suffering from the disease i.e. has the recessive allele on both the X
chromosome while the father is healthy having no allele for the disease, the daughters will
always be a carrier but never suffer from the disease as they eill inherit the healthy wild type
allele from the father as one X chromosome comes from the father and the other X chromosome
from the mother. The sons will however all suffer from the disease as they inherit the Y
chromosome from the father and the X chromosome having the recessive allele causing the
disease will be inherited from the mother.
Now suppose the mother is a carrier i.e. carries the recessive allele only on one X chromosome
but the father suffers from the disease making his genotype XrY (Xr denoting recessive allele
carrying X chromosome), then, 50%of their son will duffer from the disease while 50% of the
daughters will also have a chance of suffering from the disease.
If both the parents do not have a single recessive X linked disease gene on any of their X
chromosome then none of the children will suffer from the disease.
About phenotype of parents- If the mother is a carrier i.e. have the diseased allele on only one X
Chromosome, then the phenotype of mother will be normal. But the father can never be a carrier
for a X linked recessive disease as males have only one X chromosome. If the diseased allele in
present on that X chromosome in males it will be expressed as there is no dominant healthy wild
type allele to dominate the diseased gene. Thus if the father has the recessive diseased allele on
X chromosome, the father\'s phenotype will be expresding the disease while if the father do not
have the allele he will be healthy. On the other hand for the mother to express the disease the
recessive allele has to be present on bith her X chromosome.
Probability of offsprings showing the trait- If mother is a carrier and father is normal, then 5.
Write a Java Class to Implement a Generic Linked ListYour list mus.pdf
Write a Java Class to Implement a Generic Linked List
Your list must be implemented as a singly-linked list of generic nodes, where each Node object
has two instance variables: an object of the “type variable” class, and a pointer to the next node
on the list.
Your class will contain separate methods to handle each of the operations read from a data file
(see II., below)
Your class will also override toString() to return the objects on the list in the order in which they
occur.
Write a Test Class for Your LinkedList Class
Your main method will read list operation instructions from a data file, until end-of-file and call
the appropriate LinkedList method to execute each one.
After each operation is executed, print out the operation and the updated list.
The data file to be used is on the class web site and the operations are:
APPEND X - Append object X to the end of the list
ADD N X - Insert object X as the new Nth element in the list, increasing the size of the list by 1
E.g. Suppose the list is:
head -> 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4->null
After ADD 3 7 it would be:
head -> 1 -> 2 -> 7 -> 3 -> 4->null
DELETE N – Remove the Nth object from the list
SWAP M N - Interchange the positions of the Mth and Nth
objects on the list
For credit, the two nodes must actually \"trade places\" in the list, and not merely swap their data
values
REVERSE - Reverse the order of the objects on the list
This must be done by reversing the order of the nodes themselves, rather than by swapping the
data stored
To get credit for your reverse() method, it must use either one of these 2 algorithms:
For each node on the list except the current “head”
node, delete the node and insert it as the new head
Use your swap() method
6. CLEAR – Clear the list (make it empty)
No credit will be given for programs that use any additional data structures – either from the Java
API or programmer defined -, other than your own LinkedList class
txt file:
Solution
//Java Program to Implement Singly Linked List
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
/* Class Node */
class Nodes
{
protected Object data;
protected Nodes next;
/* Constructor */
public Nodes()
{
next = null;
data = null;
}
/* Constructor */
public Nodes(Object d,Nodes n)
{
data = d;
next = n;
}
/* Function to set link to next Node */
public void setLink(Nodes n)
{
next = n;
}
/* Function to set data to current Node */
public void setData(Object d)
{
data = d;
}
/* Function to get link to next node */
public Nodes getLink()
{
return next;
}
/* Function to get data from current Node */
public Object getData()
{
return data;
}
}
/* Class linkedList */
class linkList
{
protected Nodes start;
protected Nodes end ;
public int size ;
/* Constructor */
public linkList()
{
start = null;
end = null;
size = 0;
}
/* Function to check if list is empty */
public boolean isEmpty()
{
return start == null;
}
/* Function to get size of list */
public int getSize()
{
return .
Write a class (BasketballTeam) encapsulating the concept of a tea.pdf
Write a class (BasketballTeam) encapsulating the concept of a team of basketball players. This
method should have a single instance variable which is an array of basketball player objects. In
addition to that class, you will need to design and a code a Playerclass to encapsulate the concept
of a basketball player, assuming a basketball player has the following attributes: a name, a
position, number of shots taken, and number of shots made.
In your Player class you should write the following methods:
A constructor taking a String for the name, a String for the position, an int for the number of
shots taken, and an int for the number of shots made.
Accessor, mutator, toString, and equals methods.
A method returning the individual shooting percentage. Avg = Shots Made / Shots Taken. Hint:
This method should return a double!!!
In your BasketballTeam class you should write the following methods:
A constructor taking an array of Player objects as its only parameter and assigning that array to
the array data member of the class, its only instance variable.
Accessor, mutator, toString, and equals methods.
A method checking if all positions are different, returning true if they are, false if they are not.
A method returning the shooting percentage of the team. Team Shooting Percentage = Total
Shots Made / Total Shots Taken Hint: This should return a double!!! Also, this is not the average
of the the averages.
A method checking that we have a center (that is, the name of the position) on the team. If we
do not have any return false; otherwise, it returns true;
A method returning void that sorts the array of Player objects in ascending order using the
number of shots taken as the sorting key.
A method returning the array of Player objects sorted in ascending alphabetical order by name.
Hint: Use compareTo method of the String class.
A method returning the name of the player with the most shots made.
A method returning the name of the player with the highest shooting average.
In your BasketballTeamClient class, when you test all your methods, you can hard-code five
basketball Player objects. This client should call all 12 methods including the constructor for full
credit.
When writing the Player class you should write a PlayerClient class that tests all its methods
before integrating into BasketballTeam class.
Solution
public class Player {
//Attributes
private String name;
private String position;
private int shotsTaken;
private int shotsMade;
/**
* Constructor
* @param name
* @param position
* @param shotsTaken
* @param shotsMade
*/
public Player(String name, String position, int shotsTaken, int shotsMade) {
this.name = name;
this.position = position;
this.shotsTaken = shotsTaken;
this.shotsMade = shotsMade;
}
/**
* @return the name
*/
public String getName() {
return name;
}
/**
* @param name the name to set
*/
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
/**
* @return the position
*/
public String getPosition() {
return position;
}
/**
* @p.
Which of the following would you expect to happen in a plant that doe.pdf
Which of the following would you expect to happen in a plant that does not have enough water
(multiple answers are correct) Without water, the plant cannot make the sugar it needs to grow
the stem begins to dry out growth would be stunted because it is difficult to move nutrients
around Without water, the plant would become limp.
Solution
Answer: All the choices given are correct! If Plant that does not have enough water;
(a) Without water, plants cannot make the sugar it needs to grow.
Plants make their own food by the process of photosynthesis.The amount of water, sunlight and
carbon dioxide directly influences the process of food production for plant growth. Thus the
process of photosynthesis slows down and even stops when water is absent, which causes
internal food supplies to diminish.
(b) the stem begins to dry out
Scarcity of water leads to loss of turgor pressure. Stomata on the stem surface close as a result of
less water (for water conservation) and as a result stem dries out.
(c) the growth would be stunted because it is difficult to move nutrients around.
As water moves above the plant system it carries vital minerals and nutrients to different areas of
the plant. The stomas on the leaf and stem surface release waste products (oxygen) into the
environment and takes CO2 in. This process of transpiration maintains the turgor pressure and
also cools the plant in sunlight. In scarcity of water, transpiration process slows and, the plant
show stunded growth due to lack of nutrients supply.
(d) Without water the plant would become limp
Turgor pressure holds the plant cells and keeps them erect. This pressure is lost without water
and plants begin to collapse (wilting!) or give a limp appearance..
What is the value of including personal information about yourself a.pdf
What is the value of including personal information about yourself and your lifestyle when
researchers are looking at your DNA? How does study different than many other similar sets of
data gathered from GWAS and SNP Haplotypes?What do you think about the scope and purpose
of this type of genetics data study.
Solution
Answer to including personal information and lifestyle lies in phenotype differences. Phenotype
is influenced by genotype and environment. Hence although scientists and researchers look for
DNA or genetic material of an individual but also take a look on the environmental conditions or
life style which influences the phenotype of an organism.
GWAS (Genome wide association study) is study of genetic variants which are associated with a
trait like any major disease. By using SNPs (Short nuclear polymorphisms) short interspersed
regions can be identified to locate the traits of interest. The environmental factors like sunlight
can differ the response of an individual to it. One individual can be sensitiove to it but the other
could be diseased on exposure to sunlight, thus having a knowledge about individual\'s lifestyle
helps in tracking previous information.
The scope of GWAS has wider implications. Disease dignosis using genetics data helps in
developing drugs relating to it. It can be used to identify genes from different organisms.
Ancestral hierarchy can be established..
What is a voluntary response sampleSolutionVoluntary response.pdf
What is a voluntary response sample?
Solution
Voluntary response sampling is heavily biased because it focuses on volunteered survey answers
rather than a random sampling. What makes this biased is because the only people who volunteer
are those who have a particular interest in the topic of the survey. They only include people who
choose volunteer, whereas a random sample would need to include people whether or not they
choose to volunteer. Often, voluntary response samples oversample people who have strong
opinions and undersample people who don\'t care much about the topic of the survey. Thus
inferences from a voluntary response sample are not as trustworthy as conclusions based on a
random sample of the entire population under consideration..
What adaptive benefit do these abilities give wolbachia In oth.pdf
What adaptive benefit do these abilities give wolbachia? In other words, why does manipulating
the host reproduction help its survival survival as parasite?
What adaptive benefit do these abilities give wolbachia? In other words, why does manipulating
the host reproduction help its survival survival as parasite?
What adaptive benefit do these abilities give wolbachia? In other words, why does manipulating
the host reproduction help its survival survival as parasite?
Solution
Manipulating the host reproduction help its survival as parasite.The improvement of complex
lifestyles cycles can growth parasite health. Some parasites have, via host manipulation, further
improved their reproductive success. Host manipulation in a few parasites, where they
effectively can change the behavior or morphology of their intermediate host in a way that
increases the parasite\'s trophic transmission
It is a method of parasite transmission wherein the parasite manipulates the behavior of its host
to growth transmission success to better trophic levels.
Think about autumn (Fall season) in places like New England (Pennsyl.pdf
Think about autumn (Fall season) in places like New England (Pennsylvania, New York,
Vermont, New Hampshire), where the leaves change color with the seasons. During the fall,
which pigments are the first to be broken down in the leaves? How does that explain the fall
colors we see? Why does the green color disappears during autumn (Fall season)? Please fully
and clearly explain why the green color disappeares in trees located in New England during the
autumn.
Solution
A number of factors play crucial role in changing the color of leaves in winter. Some are listed
below:
Similar is the reason with the New England trees..
The orange is which type of fruit Simple - Legume Simple - Drupe .pdf
The orange is which type of fruit? Simple - Legume Simple - Drupe Simple - Berry Multiple
Aggregate The peas is which type of fruit? Simple - Legume Simple - Drupe Simple - Berry
Multiple Aggregate The pistachio is which type of fruit? Simple - Legume Simple - Drupe
Simple - Berry Multiple Aggregate
Solution
Please find the answers below and reasons in parentheses:
Answer 22: Chocie 3 (Botanically, orange fruit is considered as a multiple aggregate of berry and
the juicy part or pulp is considered as succulent testa of the ovary. The peel of orange is
considered as ovarian wall.)
Answer 23: Choice 1 (A pea pod is considered as a simple legume by botanical nature. It can
open across both walls which eliminates the seeds inside the pod)
Answer 24: Choice2 (Pistachios belong to family of cashew or family Anacardiaceae
botanically. The fruits of this family are simple drupes in nature. These fruits contain the ovarian
wall as the hard covering of the fruit and the ovary itself modifies into edible seed).
Suppose X follows a normal distribution with mean=1 and variance=4. .pdf
Suppose X follows a normal distribution with mean=1 and variance=4. Let\'s randomly select 4
numbers from X. What is the distribution of the mean of these four numbers? What is the
probability that the mean is between -1 and 1?
Solution
The distribution of mean is also normal distribution with mean 1 and variance 1
Probability that the mean is between -1 and 1 is 0.47725.
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