1. It is widely agreed that the plant kingdom arose from A)Eumycota. B)Chrysophyta. C)Phaeophyta. D)Rhodophyta. E)Chlorophyta. 2. A universal feature of the life cycle of plants is A)morphologically identical haploid and diploid stages. B)genetically identical haploid and diploid stages. C)alteration of generations between heteromorphic haploid gametophytes and diploid sporophytes. D)All of the above E)None of the above 3. Several evolutionary adaptations to land are shared by all plants. These shared adaptations do not include A)waxy protective coverings. B)support against gravity. C)means of taking up water from the soil. D)protective structures for the new sporophyte. E)water transport by xylem. 4. Ferns are in which phylum? A) Lycophyta B) Anthocerophyta C) Hepatophyta D) Pterophyta E) Bryophyta 5. The bryophytes are dependent on water for reproduction because A) sperm are passively transported to eggs by water. B) gametogenesis only occurs when the plants are moist. C) eggs and sperm are released into water and then unite. D) sperm must swim through water to reach and fertilize eggs. E) None of the above 6. All plants produce __________ by mitosis and __________ by meiosis. A)spores, gametes B)gametes, gametes C)gametes, spores D)spores, spores E)spores, gametes and spores 7. In a heterosporous life cycle, the microspore develops into the _____ gametophyte, while the megaspore develops into the ______ gametophyte. A)female, male B)male, female C)diploid, haploid D)haploid, diploid E)None of the above 8. Asexual reproduction in liverworts is accomplished by A)gametophytes. B)spores. C)gemmae. D)tracheids. 9. You are walking along a roadside and find a plant with the following characteristics: very thin waxy cuticle, stomata, simple leaves in whorls around a central stem, independent sporophyte and gametophyte, sporangia in strobili. This plant is most likely a member of which of the following phyla? A)Bryophyta B)Sphenophyta C)Pterophyta D)Lycophyta 10. Plants differ from algae in that only plants A)are photosynthetic. B)are multicellular. C)possess chlorophyll. D)have multicellular embryos protected by the parent. E)are eukaryotic. 11. Which statement about the alternation of generations in plants is not true? A) The plant life cycle is characterized by diploid and haploid forms. B)Meiosis occurs in sporangia. C)Gametes are always produced by meiosis. D)The zygote is the first cell of the sporophyte generation. E)The gametophyte and sporophyte differ genetically. 12. The most abundant gymnosperm phylum today is A) Cycadophyta. B) Ginkgophyta. C) Gnetophyta. D) Coniferophyta. E) None of the above 13. Coniferous gymnosperms, such as pines, depend primarily on __________ for pollination; thus, the plants produce large quantities of pollen that disperse over large areas during the spring. A) insects B) birds C) water D) wind E) mammals 14. An evolutionary trend that runs throughout the plant kingdom is that the sporophyte generation ___ and .

1. 1. It is widely agreed that the plant kingdom arose from A)Eumycota. B)Chrysophyta.
C)Phaeophyta. D)Rhodophyta. E)Chlorophyta.
2. A universal feature of the life cycle of plants is A)morphologically identical haploid and
diploid stages. B)genetically identical haploid and diploid stages. C)alteration of generations
between heteromorphic haploid gametophytes and diploid sporophytes. D)All of the above
E)None of the above
3. Several evolutionary adaptations to land are shared by all plants. These shared adaptations do
not include A)waxy protective coverings. B)support against gravity. C)means of taking up water
from the soil. D)protective structures for the new sporophyte. E)water transport by xylem.
4. Ferns are in which phylum? A) Lycophyta B) Anthocerophyta C) Hepatophyta D) Pterophyta
E) Bryophyta
5. The bryophytes are dependent on water for reproduction because A) sperm are passively
transported to eggs by water. B) gametogenesis only occurs when the plants are moist. C) eggs
and sperm are released into water and then unite. D) sperm must swim through water to reach
and fertilize eggs. E) None of the above
6. All plants produce __________ by mitosis and __________ by meiosis. A)spores, gametes
B)gametes, gametes C)gametes, spores D)spores, spores E)spores, gametes and spores
7. In a heterosporous life cycle, the microspore develops into the _____ gametophyte, while the
megaspore develops into the ______ gametophyte. A)female, male B)male, female C)diploid,
haploid D)haploid, diploid E)None of the above
8. Asexual reproduction in liverworts is accomplished by A)gametophytes. B)spores. C)gemmae.
D)tracheids.
9. You are walking along a roadside and find a plant with the following characteristics: very thin
waxy cuticle, stomata, simple leaves in whorls around a central stem, independent sporophyte
and gametophyte, sporangia in strobili. This plant is most likely a member of which of the
following phyla? A)Bryophyta B)Sphenophyta C)Pterophyta D)Lycophyta
10. Plants differ from algae in that only plants A)are photosynthetic. B)are multicellular.
C)possess chlorophyll. D)have multicellular embryos protected by the parent. E)are eukaryotic.
11. Which statement about the alternation of generations in plants is not true? A) The plant life
cycle is characterized by diploid and haploid forms. B)Meiosis occurs in sporangia. C)Gametes
are always produced by meiosis. D)The zygote is the first cell of the sporophyte generation.
E)The gametophyte and sporophyte differ genetically.
12. The most abundant gymnosperm phylum today is A) Cycadophyta. B) Ginkgophyta. C)
Gnetophyta. D) Coniferophyta. E) None of the above
13. Coniferous gymnosperms, such as pines, depend primarily on __________ for pollination;

2. thus, the plants produce large quantities of pollen that disperse over large areas during the spring.
A) insects B) birds C) water D) wind E) mammals
14. An evolutionary trend that runs throughout the plant kingdom is that the sporophyte
generation ___ and is more independent of the gametophyte, and the gametophyte generation
_____ and is more dependent upon the sporophyte. A) becomes smaller, becomes smaller B)
becomes larger, becomes smaller C) becomes smaller, becomes larger D) becomes larger,
becomes larger E) does not change in size, becomes larger
15. Angiosperms differ from other plants in that two male gametes, contained within a single
male gametophyte, participate in fertilization events. One sperm nucleus combines with the egg
to produce a diploid zygote. The other sperm nucleus combines with two other haploid nuclei of
the female gametophyte. This process is called A) biparental inheritance. B) multiple paternity.
C) double fertilization. D) biparental fertilization. E) multiple fertilization.
16. The reproductive organ of angiosperms is the A)sporangium. B) flower. C) cone. D)
archegonium. E) sporophyte.
17. The prominent components of Earth's modern land flora in most areas are A) angiosperms.
B) gymnosperms. C) ferns. D) bryophytes. E) club mosses.
18. Flowers with insect pollination have showy A) petals. B) sepals. C) anthers. D) fruits
19. In angiosperms, pollen is transferred from the __________ to the __________. A) anther,
style B) filament,ovary C) anther, stigma D) filament, ovary E) anther, ovule
20. The following events in the angiosperm life cycle occur in which order? I. A diploid zygote
develops into an embryo that is packaged along with food into a seed. II. A pollen grain reaches
the appropriate surface of a sporophyte. III. Double fertilization occurs. IV. A slender pollen tube
is produced that elongates and digests its way through the sporophytic tissue toward the female
gametophyte. A) I, II, III, IV B) II, IV, III, I C) II, I, IV, III D) IV, III, I, II E) III, I, IV, II .
21. Which of the following functions make seeds useful to plants? A) Seeds provide a
mechanism for dispersal. B) Seeds protect the embryo. C) An embryo may remain dormant until
optimum growth conditions are available. D) All of the above
22. Many angiosperms and animals have coevolved. What roles do animals play in the life cycle
of plants? A) They act as pollinators. B) They assist in dispersal of seeds. C) They insure
fertilization. D) All of the above
23. What is the significance of the fruit? A) It aids in dispersion of seeds. B) It protects seeds
until they are mature. C) It attracts pollinators. D) a and b
24. Vascular tissue in angiosperms is highly developed. The purpose of this vascular tissue is to
move A) water. B) food. C) nutrients. D) All of the above
MATCHING
A) chitin B) conidiospores C) heterotroph D) mycelium E) mycorrhiza

3. 25. Body of a fungus
26. Produced during asexual reproduction in Ascomycetes
27. Nutritional mode of fungi
28. Envelopes plant roots
29. Component of fungi cell walls
Matching
A) Basidomycetes B) Deuteromycetes C) Green algae D) Penicillium E) Zygomycetes
30. No known sexual stage
31. Grown in culture to produce antibiotics
32. An example is Rhizopus stolonifer
33. Symbiont of a lichen
34. Club Fungi
35. In the sexual life cycles of fungi, ____________ usually occurs shortly after ____________.
A) plasmogamy; karyogamy B) spore production; formation of a dikaryotic mycelium C)
karyogamy; meiosis D) meiosis; fusion of haploid nuclei
Solution
1. E)Chlorophyta.
Plants are thought to have evolved from a class of freshwater green algae called the charophytes.
Two particular groups of charophyte, the Coleochaetales and the Charales, resemble the earliest
land plants (bryophytes) in a variety of ways, including the structure of their chloroplasts and
sperm cells, and the way their cells divide during mitosis .
2.C)alteration of generations between heteromorphic haploid gametophytes and diploid
sporophytes.
3.E)water transport by xylem.
4. B. Pterophyta.
It is The largest group of living seedless vascular plants—and probably the most familiar—are
the ferns with about 12,000 species, over twothirds of which are tropical.
5. D) sperm must swim through water to reach and fertilize eggs.