A voluntary response sample is a biased survey method that relies on responses from individuals who choose to participate, often those with strong opinions on the topic. This leads to oversampling of interested respondents and undersampling of those indifferent to the subject. Consequently, the findings from such samples are less reliable compared to those drawn from a random sample of the entire population.

1. What is a voluntary response sample?
Solution
Voluntary response sampling is heavily biased because it focuses on volunteered survey answers
rather than a random sampling. What makes this biased is because the only people who volunteer
are those who have a particular interest in the topic of the survey. They only include people who
choose volunteer, whereas a random sample would need to include people whether or not they
choose to volunteer. Often, voluntary response samples oversample people who have strong
opinions and undersample people who don't care much about the topic of the survey. Thus
inferences from a voluntary response sample are not as trustworthy as conclusions based on a
random sample of the entire population under consideration.