The document discusses the internet of things (IoT), which connects physical objects through the internet. IoT was first developed in 1999 and allows objects to sense, communicate and exchange data. Some advantages of IoT applications include accessing information remotely in real-time, improved communication between connected devices, cost savings through automation and efficiency, and monitoring systems that can minimize human effort and save time by taking preventative actions. The document provides examples of IoT applications in smart water systems, smart transport, social life and entertainment, smart greenhouses, and supply chain and logistics.

1. The internet of things (IoT) describes physical objects (or group of such objects) with sensors,
processing ability, software and other technologies that connect and exchange data with other devices
and systems over the Internet or other communication networks.
The term IoT was first developed in the year 1999 by Kevin Ashton
Advantages of IoT Applications
 Access information
One can easily access any information from any part of the globe in real time even if one
is not physically present.
 Communication
IoT encourages better communication between connected devices and the internet by
maintaining the quality of service and also one can take necessary action in case of
emergencies.
 Cost-effective and efficient
 Automation
It is the process of decreasing human intervention thereby increasing the machine
intelligence to perform every task by itself.
 Minimize human effort
 Saves Time
 Useful in monitoring
 It provides the benefit of knowing things in advance
 Also takes necessary action in case of disasters and emergencies.
Some of the IoT Applications
 Smart Water Systems:
Since it is important to manage water resources efficiently, many cities are opting
for smart solutions. Like:
 The IoT meters can be used to measure the degree of water inflow and
outflow to identify possible leaks.
 IoT embed smart water tap automatically open when one approaches
towards it and as per one’s requirement water will flow.
 Smart water metering systems also help to predict flooding.
 Smart Transport:

2. The main aim of intelligent transport system is to minimize traffic congestion,
ensure easy and hassle-free parking, avoid of accidents by properly routing traffic,
spotting drunk drivers using sensors and intelligent information processing
systems. Like:
 By guiding and providing navigation system to drivers using IoT
real time monitoring system on any route to avoid congestion to
follow alternative route.
 Also displaying at public bus stoppages, the expected time of arrival
of all buses on that route so that there will be less traffic jam, hassle
free journey and time saving for passengers.
 Social Life and Entertainment:
It plays an important role in an individual’s life. Many applications have been
developed to keep track of such human activities. Like:
 Location sensors to find one’s location and Bluetooth for searching
people.
 Many parameters dealing with human affects such as facial
expressions, speech, body gestures, hand movements, sleep patterns.
All are used to analyze one’s feeling.
 Smart Greenhouse:
A smart greenhouse through IoT not only monitors intelligently but also controls
the climate. Like:
 The sensors in the IoT system provide information on temperature,
pressure, humidity, light levels.
 The greenhouse state and water consumption can supervise through
sending SMS alerts to the farmer an online portal.
 Supply Chain and Logistics:
IoT simplifies real world processes in business and information systems. Like:
 The real time information of goods in the supply chain can be
tracked easily from the place of manufacture to the final places of
distribution using sensor technologies such as RFID (Radio-
frequency identification) and NFC (Near field Communication).
 Information about the quality and usability of the product can also
be saved in RFID tags attached with the shipments.

3. 