SlideShare a Scribd company logo
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
The internet for SEOs
Roxana Stingu | Alamy
slideshare.net/RoxanaStingu
@ROXANASTINGU
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
– Eric Schmidt, Some guy working at
GOOGLE
“The internet is the first
thing that humanity has
built that humanity
doesn't understand.”
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
WHY AM I DOING THIS
TALK?
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP
HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL
URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS
CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP
HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL
URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS
CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP
HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL
URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS
CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP
HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL
URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS
CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP
HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL
URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS
CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP
HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL
URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS
CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP
HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL
URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS
NETWORKING
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
HOW THE INTERNET
WORKS
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
IT ALL STARTS WITH THE USER
user
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
USER USES A BROWSER
user
browse
r
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
THE BROWSER IS FOUND ON A
DEVICE
user
browse
r
device
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
A DEVICE IS CONNECTED TO A
ROUTER
user
browse
r
device
Router
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
ROUTER COMMUNICATES WITH
ISP
user
browse
r
device
I.S.P.
Router
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
ISP ENABLES ACCESS TO THE
INTERNET
user
browse
r
device
I.S.P.
The
Internet
Router
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
INTERNET CONNECTS TO WEB
SERVERS
user
browse
r
device
I.S.P.
The
Internet
Servers
Router
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
WEBSERVER HOSTS WEBPAGES
user
browse
r
device
I.S.P.
The
Internet
Servers
Router
webpages
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
INTERNET HARDWARE
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
The
Internet
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
BANDWIDTH AND LATENCY
WIFI CABLE ISP ISP ETHERNE
T
...
LATENCY (MS)
BANDWIDTH
(Mbps)
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
INTERNET SOFTWARE
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
THE TCP/IP MODEL
HTTP, TLS, DNS
APPLICATIO
N
INTERNET
IP (v4, v6)
TCP, UDP
TRANSPOR
T
ETHERNET,
WIRELESS LAN
PHYSICAL
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
GET layout.css
THE HTTP PROTOCOL
GET image.png
GET page.html
GET video.mp4
GET ads.jpg
The
Internet
webserver
Video server
Ad server
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
HTTP PROTOCOL VERSION 1
3 TCP
Connections
HTTP 1.1
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
HTTP PROTOCOL VERSION 2
1 TCP
Connection
HTTP/2
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
CLIENT TO SERVER
COMMUNICATION
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
browse
r
Servers
Networking
Reques
t
Respons
e
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
WHAT IS A REQUEST?
browse
r
Servers
Hey there mister
WebServer, can I have
this resource, pretty
please?
Request
Line
Headers Body
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
GET /software/htp/cics/index.html HTTP/1.1
METHOD PATH PROTOCO
L
VERSION
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
DIFFERENT TYPES OF METHODS
GE
T
POS
T
PU
T
DELET
E
TRAC
E
OPTIONS CONNECT
PATC
H
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
GET /home.html HTTP/1.1
Host: developer.mozilla.org
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.9; rv:50.0) Gecko/20100101
Firefox/50.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Referer: https://developer.mozilla.org/testpage.html
Connection: keep-alive
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
If-Modified-Since: Mon, 18 Jul 2016 02:36:04 GMT
If-None-Match: "c561c68d0ba92bbeb8b0fff2a9199f722e3a621a"
Cache-Control: max-age=0
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
THE RESPONSE HEADERS
200 OK
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Connection: Keep-Alive
Content-Encoding: gzip
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Date: Mon, 18 Jul 2016 16:06:00 GMT
Etag: "c561c68d0ba92bbeb8b0f612a9199f722e3a621a"
Keep-Alive: timeout=5, max=997
Last-Modified: Mon, 18 Jul 2016 02:36:04 GMT
Server: Apache
Set-Cookie: mykey=myvalue; expires=Mon, 17-Jul-2017 16:06:00 GMT; Max-
Age=31449600;
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Vary: Cookie, Accept-Encoding
X-Backend-Server: developer2.webapp.scl3.mozilla.com
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
HTTP HEADERS:
CANONICALISATION
Link: <http://www.example.com/downloads/white-paper.pdf>;
rel="canonical"
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
HTTP HEADERS: HREFLANG
Link:
<http://example.com/file.pdf>; rel="alternate"; hreflang="en",
<http://de-ch.example.com/file.pdf>; rel="alternate"; hreflang="de-
ch",
<http://de.example.com/file.pdf>; rel="alternate"; hreflang="de"
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
HTTP HEADERS: ROBOTS
X-Robots-Tag: noarchive
X-Robots-Tag: unavailable_after: 25 Jun 2021 15:00:00 PST
X-Robots-Tag: googlebot: nofollow
X-Robots-Tag: otherbot: noindex, nofollow
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
HTTP HEADERS: CACHING
Cache-Control: no-cache
Cache-Control: max-age=0, must-revalidate
ETag: "33a64df551425fcc55e4d42a148795d9f25f89d4"
Last-Modified: Wed, 21 Oct 2015 07:28:00 GMT
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
REQUEST TIMINGS
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM (DNS)
https://www.website.com/page.htm
l
172.217.14.206
DNS
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
1
2
3
4
5
6
6
TLS 1.2
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
1
2
3
4
5
6
6
TLS 1.3
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
browse
r
Servers
Request
TCP
HANDSHAKE
SSL
HANDSHAKE
DATA
TRANSFER
APP
CACHE
DNS
Lookup
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
REQUEST TIMINGS IN DEV TOOLS
Initial Connection
QUEUEING
STALLED
DNS Lookup
CONNECTION SETUP
SSL
Request/Response
Content Download
Request sent
Waiting TTFB
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT
CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI
TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID
TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP
FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP
LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP
FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS
CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM
JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM
CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI
DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS
UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT
CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI
TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID
TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP
FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP
LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP
FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS
CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM
JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM
CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI
BROWSERS
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
WHAT IS A BROWSER?
USER INTERFACE
BROWSER ENGINE
RENDERING ENGINE
NETWORKIN
G
JS
INTERPRETE
R
UI BACKEND
DATA
PERSISTENCE
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
THE RENDERING ENGINE
browser Server
3c 68 65 61 64 3e 3c
74 69 74 6c 65 3e 50
6c 65 61 73 65 20 77
65 61 72 20 61 20 6d
61 73 6b 21 21 21 3c
2f 74 69 74 6c 65 3e
3c 2f 68 65 61 64 3e
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
FROM BYTES OF HTML TO DOM
3c 68 74 6d 6c 3e 3c
62 6f 64 79 3e 3c 68
31 3e 50 6c 65 61 73
65 20 77 65 61 72 20
61 20 6d 61 73 6b 21
21 3c 2f 68 31 3e 0a
<html><body><h1>Plea
se wear a
mask!!</h1>
StartTag: html
StartTag: body
StartTag: h1
Please wear a mask!!
EndTag: h1
Bytes Characters Tokens
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
THE TREE BUILDER
Nodes
DOM
html body h1 Please wear a mask!!!
html
body
Please wear a mask!!
h1
h1
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
THE CSSOM
html
body
h1
font-
size:12
color:red
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
DOM + CSSOM = RENDER TREE
html
body
h1
font-
size:12
color:red
Please wear a
mask!!
head meta
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
HTM
L
CSS
JS
Building DOM Building DOM
Blocked
Fetch CSS Build CSSOM
Script fetch Execution
THE JS INTERPRETER
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
ASYNC JS LOADING
HTM
L
CSS
JS
Building DOM Building DOM
Blocked
Fetch CSS Build CSSOM
Script fetch Execution
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
DEFERRED JS LOADING
HTM
L
CSS
JS
Building DOM
Fetch CSS Build CSSOM
Script fetch Execution
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
LAYOUT
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
PAINT
Wear a mask!!
H1{
z-index: 1;
position:
absolute;
}
Div{
z-index: 0;
}
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
COMPOSITING
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
DOM CSSOM
Render
Tree
Layout Paint COMPOSI
TING
THE CRITICAL RENDERING PATH
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
CHROME DEV TOOLS -
PERFORMANCE TAB
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
CHROME DEV TOOLS - MAIN
THREAD
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
CHROME DEV TOOLS -
PERFORMANCE
FP and FCP LCP DCL
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
RESOURCES
Developer.mozilla.org
Web Performance
Developers.google.com
Inside look at modern
web browser
Web.dev
Measuring performance
and user experience
High performance
browser networking
by Ilya Grigorik
@roxanastingu | #brightonSE
FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN
FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN
FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN
FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN
FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN
FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN
FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN
FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN
FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN
FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN
FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN
FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN
FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN
FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN
FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN
FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN
FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN
FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN
FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN
FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN
FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN
THANK YOU

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The internet for SEOs by Roxana Stingu

  • 1. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE The internet for SEOs Roxana Stingu | Alamy slideshare.net/RoxanaStingu @ROXANASTINGU
  • 2. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE – Eric Schmidt, Some guy working at GOOGLE “The internet is the first thing that humanity has built that humanity doesn't understand.”
  • 3. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE WHY AM I DOING THIS TALK?
  • 4. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS CDN TCP IP HTTP UDP URL URI DNS TLS NETWORKING
  • 5. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE HOW THE INTERNET WORKS
  • 6. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE IT ALL STARTS WITH THE USER user
  • 7. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE USER USES A BROWSER user browse r
  • 8. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE THE BROWSER IS FOUND ON A DEVICE user browse r device
  • 9. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE A DEVICE IS CONNECTED TO A ROUTER user browse r device Router
  • 10. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE ROUTER COMMUNICATES WITH ISP user browse r device I.S.P. Router
  • 11. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE ISP ENABLES ACCESS TO THE INTERNET user browse r device I.S.P. The Internet Router
  • 12. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE INTERNET CONNECTS TO WEB SERVERS user browse r device I.S.P. The Internet Servers Router
  • 13. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE WEBSERVER HOSTS WEBPAGES user browse r device I.S.P. The Internet Servers Router webpages
  • 16. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE BANDWIDTH AND LATENCY WIFI CABLE ISP ISP ETHERNE T ... LATENCY (MS) BANDWIDTH (Mbps)
  • 18. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE THE TCP/IP MODEL HTTP, TLS, DNS APPLICATIO N INTERNET IP (v4, v6) TCP, UDP TRANSPOR T ETHERNET, WIRELESS LAN PHYSICAL
  • 19. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE GET layout.css THE HTTP PROTOCOL GET image.png GET page.html GET video.mp4 GET ads.jpg The Internet webserver Video server Ad server
  • 20. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE HTTP PROTOCOL VERSION 1 3 TCP Connections HTTP 1.1
  • 21. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE HTTP PROTOCOL VERSION 2 1 TCP Connection HTTP/2
  • 22. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE CLIENT TO SERVER COMMUNICATION
  • 24. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE WHAT IS A REQUEST? browse r Servers Hey there mister WebServer, can I have this resource, pretty please? Request Line Headers Body
  • 25. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE GET /software/htp/cics/index.html HTTP/1.1 METHOD PATH PROTOCO L VERSION
  • 26. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE DIFFERENT TYPES OF METHODS GE T POS T PU T DELET E TRAC E OPTIONS CONNECT PATC H
  • 27. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE GET /home.html HTTP/1.1 Host: developer.mozilla.org User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.9; rv:50.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/50.0 Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5 Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br Referer: https://developer.mozilla.org/testpage.html Connection: keep-alive Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1 If-Modified-Since: Mon, 18 Jul 2016 02:36:04 GMT If-None-Match: "c561c68d0ba92bbeb8b0fff2a9199f722e3a621a" Cache-Control: max-age=0
  • 28. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE THE RESPONSE HEADERS 200 OK Access-Control-Allow-Origin: * Connection: Keep-Alive Content-Encoding: gzip Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Date: Mon, 18 Jul 2016 16:06:00 GMT Etag: "c561c68d0ba92bbeb8b0f612a9199f722e3a621a" Keep-Alive: timeout=5, max=997 Last-Modified: Mon, 18 Jul 2016 02:36:04 GMT Server: Apache Set-Cookie: mykey=myvalue; expires=Mon, 17-Jul-2017 16:06:00 GMT; Max- Age=31449600; Transfer-Encoding: chunked Vary: Cookie, Accept-Encoding X-Backend-Server: developer2.webapp.scl3.mozilla.com
  • 29. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE HTTP HEADERS: CANONICALISATION Link: <http://www.example.com/downloads/white-paper.pdf>; rel="canonical"
  • 30. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE HTTP HEADERS: HREFLANG Link: <http://example.com/file.pdf>; rel="alternate"; hreflang="en", <http://de-ch.example.com/file.pdf>; rel="alternate"; hreflang="de- ch", <http://de.example.com/file.pdf>; rel="alternate"; hreflang="de"
  • 31. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE HTTP HEADERS: ROBOTS X-Robots-Tag: noarchive X-Robots-Tag: unavailable_after: 25 Jun 2021 15:00:00 PST X-Robots-Tag: googlebot: nofollow X-Robots-Tag: otherbot: noindex, nofollow
  • 32. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE HTTP HEADERS: CACHING Cache-Control: no-cache Cache-Control: max-age=0, must-revalidate ETag: "33a64df551425fcc55e4d42a148795d9f25f89d4" Last-Modified: Wed, 21 Oct 2015 07:28:00 GMT
  • 34. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM (DNS) https://www.website.com/page.htm l 172.217.14.206 DNS
  • 38. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE REQUEST TIMINGS IN DEV TOOLS Initial Connection QUEUEING STALLED DNS Lookup CONNECTION SETUP SSL Request/Response Content Download Request sent Waiting TTFB
  • 39. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI DOM CSSOM JS CRP FCP LCP FID TTI TBT CLS UI BROWSERS
  • 40. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE WHAT IS A BROWSER? USER INTERFACE BROWSER ENGINE RENDERING ENGINE NETWORKIN G JS INTERPRETE R UI BACKEND DATA PERSISTENCE
  • 41. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE THE RENDERING ENGINE browser Server 3c 68 65 61 64 3e 3c 74 69 74 6c 65 3e 50 6c 65 61 73 65 20 77 65 61 72 20 61 20 6d 61 73 6b 21 21 21 3c 2f 74 69 74 6c 65 3e 3c 2f 68 65 61 64 3e
  • 42. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE FROM BYTES OF HTML TO DOM 3c 68 74 6d 6c 3e 3c 62 6f 64 79 3e 3c 68 31 3e 50 6c 65 61 73 65 20 77 65 61 72 20 61 20 6d 61 73 6b 21 21 3c 2f 68 31 3e 0a <html><body><h1>Plea se wear a mask!!</h1> StartTag: html StartTag: body StartTag: h1 Please wear a mask!! EndTag: h1 Bytes Characters Tokens
  • 43. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE THE TREE BUILDER Nodes DOM html body h1 Please wear a mask!!! html body Please wear a mask!! h1 h1
  • 44. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE THE CSSOM html body h1 font- size:12 color:red
  • 45. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE DOM + CSSOM = RENDER TREE html body h1 font- size:12 color:red Please wear a mask!! head meta
  • 46. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE HTM L CSS JS Building DOM Building DOM Blocked Fetch CSS Build CSSOM Script fetch Execution THE JS INTERPRETER
  • 47. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE ASYNC JS LOADING HTM L CSS JS Building DOM Building DOM Blocked Fetch CSS Build CSSOM Script fetch Execution
  • 48. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE DEFERRED JS LOADING HTM L CSS JS Building DOM Fetch CSS Build CSSOM Script fetch Execution
  • 50. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE PAINT Wear a mask!! H1{ z-index: 1; position: absolute; } Div{ z-index: 0; }
  • 52. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE DOM CSSOM Render Tree Layout Paint COMPOSI TING THE CRITICAL RENDERING PATH
  • 53. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE CHROME DEV TOOLS - PERFORMANCE TAB
  • 54. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE CHROME DEV TOOLS - MAIN THREAD
  • 55. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE CHROME DEV TOOLS - PERFORMANCE FP and FCP LCP DCL
  • 56. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE RESOURCES Developer.mozilla.org Web Performance Developers.google.com Inside look at modern web browser Web.dev Measuring performance and user experience High performance browser networking by Ilya Grigorik
  • 57. @roxanastingu | #brightonSE FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN FIN THANK YOU