The Giant's Causeway is an area of approximately 40,000 interlocking basalt columns located in County Antrim, Northern Ireland, which was formed by an ancient volcanic eruption. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1986 and is one of Northern Ireland's most popular tourist attractions. The basalt columns were formed approximately 60 million years ago during the separation of the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates, resulting in volcanic activity that produced lava flows which solidified into hexagonal columns as they cooled.

1. THE GIANTS
CAUSEWAY
BY MICHEÁL FOLEY

2. What is the giants causeway
The Giant's Causeway (known as Clochán an Aifir or Clochán na bhFomhórach in Irish) is an area
of about 40,000 interlocking basalt columns, the result of an ancient volcanic eruption
It is located in County Antrim on the northeast coast of Northern Ireland. It was declared a World
Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1986, and a national nature reserve in 1987 by the Department of
the Environment for Northern Ireland. In a 2005 poll of Radio Times readers, the Giant's
Causeway was named as the fourth greatest natural wonder in the United Kingdom. The tops of
the columns form stepping stones that lead from the cliff foot and disappear under the sea. Most
of the columns are hexagonal, although there are also some with four, five, seven or eight sides.
The tallest are about 12 metres (39 ft) high, and the solidified lava in the cliffs is 28 metres (92 ft)
thick in places.
Much of the Giant's Causeway and Causeway Coast World Heritage Site is today owned and
managed by the National Trust and it is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Northern
Ireland. The remainder of the site is owned by the Crown Estate and a number of private
landowners

3. THE FORMATION
About 65 million years ago – after the dinosaurs but before man – the landscape was very
different. Forests grew and rivers flowed on a land made of chalk.
The chalk, or white limestone, can still be seen east and west of the Giant’s Causeway.
At that time the continents we recognise today were joined in one huge landmass called
Pangaea, sitting on great foundations known as plates.
The North American plate and the Eurasian plate started to move apart, forming the Atlantic
Ocean.
This movement caused a period of intense volcanic activity which lasted for several million
years.
Along the line of separation, great gaps opened up in the earth and hot magma surfaced as
lava.
The lava was more than 1000ºC and it spread over the chalk landscape, burning forests and
filling river valleys. When it cooled and solidified it formed a dark grey rock - basalt.
Basalt is a very common igneous rock.

4. TOURISM
The discovery of the Giant's Causeway was announced to the wider world in
1693 by the presentation of a paper to the Royal Society from Sir Richard
Bulkeley, a fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, although the discoverer had, in
fact, been the Bishop of Derry who had visited the site a year earlier. The site
received international attention when Dublin artist Susanna Drury made
watercolour paintings of it in 1739; Drury won the first award presented by the
Royal Dublin Society in 1740 and were engraved in 1743. In the caption to the
plates French geologist Nicolas Desmarest suggested, for the first time in print,
that such structures were volcanic in origin.
The site first became popular with tourists during the nineteenth century,
particularly after the opening of the Giant's Causeway Tramway, and only after
the National Trust took over its care in the 1960s were some of the vestiges of
commercialism removed. Visitors can walk over the basalt columns which are
at the edge of the sea, a half-mile walk from the entrance to the site.

5. WILDLIFE IN THE
CAUSEWAY
Perhaps less well known is the fact that the area is a haven for sea birds such
as fulmar, petrel, cormorant, shag, redshank guillemot and razorbill. Rock
pippits and wagtails explore the shoreline and eider ducks are found in
sheltered water.
The National Trust has made an inventory of rare and interesting plants which
have survived the feet of many thousands of visitors..
The Giants Causeway has something to offer almost every interest, be it plants
to be viewed through a magnifying glass or standing in awe among the
columns.
As you leave, look over your shoulder and with eyes half closed you may just
catch a glimpse of the giant form of Finn McCool striding among his works