The document explains the basics of binary conversion and how computers process data using bits and bytes. A bit is the smallest unit of data, representing a value of 0 or 1, while a byte consists of eight bits. The text also details how to convert decimal numbers to binary, illustrating the process with examples.

1. Binary Conversion
Switch ON or OF

2.  Data are processed and stored in a computer
system through the presence or absence of
electronic or magnetic signals in the computer
‘s.
Computer Storage Fundamentals

3.  The smallest element of data is called a bit,
short for binary digit, which can have a value of
either 0 or 1.
 A byte is a basic grouping of bits that the
computer operates as a single unit.
Bit and byte

4.  Typically, it consists of eight bits and represents
one character of data.

5.  Computers use the binary system to store and
computer numbers.
 Computer is understand only machine
language
 0 or 1
 0 mean off
 1 mean on
Binary Conversion

6.  How we can convert decimal to Binary.
 Machine can understand 0 or 1
Binary Conversion

7.  Every computer processor is made of millions
of switches that can be turned off or on.
Binary Conversion

8.  These switches have only two states, it makes
sense for a computer to perform its
computations with a number system that only
has two digits: the binary number system.
These digits (0 and 1) correspond to the off and
on positions of the switches in the computer
processor.
Binary Conversion

9.  164 Decimal
 Binary 10100100
Binary Conversion

10.  Now how can we convert
?
Binary Conversion

11.  00000000 [0] 0*0
 00000001 [1] 1*0
 00000010 [2] 2*1
 00000100 [4] 2*2
 00001000 [8] 2*2*2
 00010000 [16] 2*2*2*2
 00100000 [32] 2*2*2*2*2
 01000000 [64] 2*2*2*2*2*2
 10000000 [128] 2*2*2*2*2*2*2
Binary Conversion

12.  00000011 [3]
 00000111 [7]
 00001111 [15]
 00011111 [31]
 00111111 [63]
 01111111 [127]
 11111111 [255]
Binary Conversion

13.  10100100 (164)
 The number of first bit is left side 128
 The number of second bit is left side 64
 The number of third bit is left side 32
 The number of fourth bit is left side 16
 The number of fifth bit is left side 8
 The number of sixth bit is left side 4
 The number of seventh bit is left side 2
 The number of eighth bit is left side 1
Binary Conversion

14.  10100100 (164)
 128 first bit is on that’s 1
 64 second bit is off that’s 0
 32 third bit is on that’s 1
 16 fourth bit is off that’s 0
 8 fifth bit is off that’s 0
 4 sixth bit is on that’s 1
 2 seventh bit is off that’s 0
 1 eighth bit is off that’s 0
Binary Conversion

15.  Now we will try next #153 decimal
 How we can convert decimal to binary
Binary Conversion

16. 
Binary Conversion
12
8
64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1

17.  128+0+0+16+8+0+0+1
 10011001=153
Binary Conversion

18. 156 Decimal
 Binary?

19.  10011100 Binary
 But how can it ?

20. 12
8
64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0

21.  128 1
 64 0
 32 0
 16 1
 8 1
 4 1
 2 0
 1 0

22.  A bit is the smallest piece of digital computer
information. A single bit represents either zero,
or one by using one of two electrical states
inside the computer chips that store and
process the bits

23.  A byte is eight bits which together can be used
to represent the decimal values zero through
255