The Factors of Impacts of Real Estate Developers on Urban Development : The Case Study of Dammam Metropolitan Area, Saudi Arabia
Instructions:
· It’s part of Ph.D. proposal so I want it to be high professional.
· My research related to Dammam Metropolitan area DMA in Saudi Arabia.
· My research focus on the relation between the real estate developers, and urban development to be focus more it will identify the factors of impacts that effect 3 main aspects (social, economic and environment). So try to create the idea of that.
· I have researched for the most important files that could be used for literature review section, please check them in attachment files and try to use most of them. Also may be you want to find some other related sources to add more information.
· Start the literature review with the introduction section that from the files that related to Dammam Metropolitan Area.
· In Literature review sections: it’s important to extract the indicators from cases study that related to all aspects and could be used to solve the problem.
· In the end of literature review add a specific section that coverd most of major terms that available in the sources that used for literature review section (mention them “terms” with name of source you found it on it and define them).
· Cite everything : text, indicators or factors, cases, terms, etc…
· Use APA citation system.
· Double space.
· Time New Roman 12 font size.
· Take care of plagiarism, it must be original text with 0 similarity. I want you to give me TURN IT IN REPORT.
· Write in other file word the name of each sources you use it and from where you take the text for example (urban development USA case study, page3 pargraph2)
· Due date on WEDENSDAY, December 27/2017.
Just to increase your information of the idea of this research and understand the next par, this is the define of the research problem:
With the passage of time, there is an increase in real estate development and real estate developers are responding to more demand for real estate. The ballooning real estate sector is a solution in the short run to the increasing urban population but a long run issue for them as it creates many challenges for the cities. Continued development of the urban areas with no keen consideration for the effects that such real estate developments have for the general urban development is creating a problem for the future. Urban development faces a number of issues including urban planning, sustainable development, social planning, and economic challenges. The surge in real estate development affects all the aspects of urban development, which is the essence of this study. This study should aim at unearthing the elements of real estate developers activities that are not good for urban planning and development and develop appropriate solutions that can help manage these issues.
The real problem, however, is lack of a framework that would create various factors that developers must adhere ...
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The aim of this primer is to putforth a perspective on - how does sustainability matters in real estate sector and why it should be a prime agenda of firms in making environmental friendly decision making and operations. Real estate sector can showcase their stewardship towards environment via efficient environmental friendly policies. There are varied environmental standards which are applied at the builings or infrastructure level in real estate sector, however what it lacks is uniformity in sustainability applicability to the sector. The type of material used, the design per se, installations and retrofits all matter in real esate sustainability mission and vision. Understanding environmental and climate risks and its real implications is a intricate challenge for property investors.
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This document discusses engaging youth to help choose corporate responsibility initiatives. It describes the Youth Encounter on Sustainability (YES) forum, which develops recommendations for CR initiatives related to climate change. The YES forum members are young academics and professionals interested in sustainability. The document presents a table outlining 9 CR initiative ideas in education/awareness, stakeholder engagement, and best practices categories. It describes the initiatives and provides reasoning and potential evaluation metrics. The initiatives are aimed at engaging future stakeholders, addressing climate change, and improving business factors like costs, reputation and recruiting.
Sustainability Marker to Support the Project Selection Process: the UNOPS CaseRicardo Viana Vargas
The objective of this paper is to present a non conventional approach that is being currently implemented at the United Nations Office for Project Services, when selecting new projects globally, in order to include, as project selection criteria, social, environmental and economic sustainability aspects in humanitarian and development projects. Using a set of twenty ve themes in four major groups, an internal tool called Sustainability Marker was developed to analyse projects above and beyond the traditional nancial criteria in order to evaluate the real impact of the project to the sustainable development goals.
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Climate Change Effects; Carbon Emission Sources; Decarbonization Solutions
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ESG Reporting Frameworks & Guidelines
ESG Reporting Trends in 2021
Digital Technology for ESG Sustainability Innovation
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Running head IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIESIMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES.docxcowinhelen
Running head: IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES 4
Implementation Strategies
Michael Boddie
Application Implementation
CMGT/445
Michael Goyden
December 11, 2017
Introduction
Project communication is very critical to the success of any project. It is also critical to key project management soft-skill. As a project manager, project communication is one deliverable that they are personally responsible for and it was of the largest influence over the failure or project success. There are main elements of project communications examples are project sponsors, customers, project team members, project manager, and project management office.
Project communication plan
The major objectives of a communication plan are; to encourage the use of project management best practices, ensure a consistent, give accurate and timely information about the project, and to promote and gain support for the project management improvements.
Table 1 below shows the target audience
Project stakeholders
Message
Delivery method
Delivery Frequency
Communicator
Project Sponsor
Project plans and status report
Meeting
Report sent via mail to project sponsor
Weekly
Project manager
Project core team
Project plans
Meeting
Weekly
Project manager
Executive management
Project briefing
Oral briefing and presentation of slides
Monthly
Biweekly
Project manager
Programmers
Project briefing
Oral briefing
Daily
Project manager
Users
Project status
Meeting and presentation slides
Weekly
Project manager
Communication message contents
A project plan shoes a guide of project execution and project control. Then document also shows approved scope of the project, the cost, and schedule. Project plans shows the current and future plans. The documents also shows project problems and issues. Project plan also shows planned project deliverables for the next period. The status report, keeps the key project stakeholders informed. It is shows status summary, status budget, status scope, accomplishment, issues, and project team members. Project briefing shows project issues and problems, it also shows goals of project management improvement, and project checklist (Project Management Institute, 2017).
Documentation Required
There are eight essential documents required for this project. First is a project charter. This document formally recognizes the project creation and the formal contract between project sponsors, project stakeholders, and commercial agreement. Project charter documents gathers aspects related to the contracting and the contacted example is the project name, the goals of the project and the needs that the project it serves. Project charter also shows a brief description of the project, feasibility study, the project products i.e. training manuals, supporting, and monitoring post release of the project. A project charter also shows the intermediate products whic ...
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The document discusses key steps for identifying indicators of a green economy transformation:
1) Issue identification indicators help decision-makers prioritize problems by identifying trends, assessing relationships to the environment, and analyzing underlying causes and cross-sectoral impacts.
2) Policy formulation indicators allow evaluation of policy options by defining objectives and identifying intervention options and their sectoral effects.
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By 30th April 2014, member states of the EU shal establish long term national strategies or roadmaps for mobilizing investment in the renovation of the national stock of residential and commercial buildings, both public and private. This document expands on that regulation.
This document proposes a feasibility study to identify factors that would impact the growth of the blue economy in Europe. The study would use various analytical tools and research methodologies to examine market size, growth trends, stakeholders, risks, and other economic and environmental factors. The objectives are to identify innovations that could optimize profitability in the sector, strengthen market surveys and risk assessment, identify potential bottlenecks, and ensure the project's alignment with EU legal frameworks. A combination of desk research, stakeholder consultations, surveys, and analytical tools like SWOT and input-output analysis would be used to provide recommendations to maximize sustainable growth in the blue economy.
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Through the Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF), Innovate UK will invest up to £9.3 million in innovation projects. The aim of this competition is to support demonstration-stage projects that have the potential to improve lives of people living in lower income countries and emerging economies. It will support projects that address one or more of the global societal challenges recognised as the UN Sustainable Development Goals through development of innovative, market-creating products and services. These projects should ultimately lead to the deployment of those products or services within those countries.
This is a two-phase competition. Phase 1 projects must explore the feasibility of running a demonstration project in phase 2 and applicants can use a human-centred design or technical feasibility approaches during this phase. A successful sub-set of phase 1 projects will be invited to apply for phase 2.
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1. Statement of Course ObjectivesThe objective of the Directed.docxgasciognecaren
1. Statement of Course Objectives
The objective of the Directed Readings is to provide an organized and systematic study and research arrangement. This arrangement is expected to facilitate completion of course goals, and to add valuable experience for the student's career.
The main focus of the research will be … some introduction, motivation.
In this project, I will analyze … I will also analyze …
At the end of this project, I hope to better understand … I am a … major, and I am interested in a career in … Accordingly, I think acquiring an understanding of these issues would be valuable in the future because …
2. Bibliography
For the study, the student will use various sources including media coverage, prior published research articles and books, case studies, as well as financial data.
Media coverage
The use of business media coverage should help to give a 'current-event' type feel to the research. These media include WSJ, NYT, Forbes among others.
Research articles and books
Case studies
Financial data
The student may use different online resources such as academic journals and industry databases to further the research.
Macroeconomic data
Institutional data
3. Methodology
Depending upon the nature of the proposed topic, the student is expected to … (how you will go about conducting research on the topics you proposed, is it qualitative vs. quantitative, where will you draw your sources of information, how will you structure/draft your reports ….)
4. Evaluation
Evaluation for course grade will be based on the following considerations:
· Importance of identified topics.
· Breadth and depth of review of existing and concurrent studies.
· Analyzing the topics: method, rigor, depth.
· Positioning this research in broader perspective and convey the findings effectively.
Case Study objective and instructions:
Objective:
This assessment relates to the unit learning outcomes as in the unit descriptor. This assessment is designed to evaluate student’s ability to identify the key phases of projects and to successfully manage the projects by using various IT project management tools and techniques.
The following ULOs are assessed in this assessment.
LO1 Demonstrate ability to skillfully manage projects by putting to effective use various IT project management tools and techniques.
LO2 Critically analyze project parameters and identify the key processes from the available project management book of knowledge in practical case scenarios.
INSTRUCTIONS
In this assignment you will use the IT project management knowledge area and the tools used in project initiation and planning to prepare a project charter for the Case Studybelow. Make sure to analyse the project management parameters and identify the actors relevant to the case study and mention the project scope, constraints and assumptions.
For this assessment, you will prepare a project charter based on the business case given below. Your report should be limited to approx. 1.
This presentation explains the findings of a report written by INTASAVE for WWF: Lessons in Climate-Smart policies: A Framework For Integrated Low Carbon Resilient Development.
Wp062011 risk management for energy efficiency projects in developing countriesAgus Witono
This document discusses risk management for energy efficiency projects in developing countries. It introduces a simple framework that considers two dimensions: a project's energy intensity for the firm initiating it, and its organizational/contractual complexity. Higher energy intensity and lower complexity imply lower risk. The document then provides examples that illustrate different levels of risk based on this framework. It emphasizes that effective risk management is needed to convince firms' management to implement profitable energy efficiency projects by addressing uncertainties around technical issues, energy prices, exchange rates, regulations and more. Organizing enterprises and using tools like carbon credits, energy service companies, and performance contracting can help mitigate these risks.
Accident Up Ahead!Listen to this text being read aloud by a hu.docxmehek4
Accident Up Ahead!
Listen to this text being read aloud by a human being by clicking on this link.
Answer questions #1 and #2 and then answer #3 or #4.
1. When an accident or disaster occurs, many people will panic or just stand there looking. Why do they react that way? (Answer using a short paragraph.)
2. What fears and doubts does Jody have to overcome as she works? What helps her to keep going? (Answer using two short paragraphs.)
3. Write a paragraph about an accident that you experienced as a victim, an observer, or the person who helped the victim.
or
4. As one of the Fortins or Jodouins, write a letter to Jody Stevens thanking her for what she did.
Accident Up Ahead!
JANICE TYRWHITT
THE NORTHBOUND BUS had scarcely left North Bay, Ontario, when-at 1:30 a.m. on Saturday, October 11, 1975-it came to an abrupt halt. Peering out the bus window at Highway 11, Jody Stevens saw a line of taillights stretching into the night. "There must be an accident up ahead," she said to her seatmate. "I had better get out and help." Jody, a young nurse from Toronto, was on her way home to spend Thanksgiving (and celebrate her twenty-fourth birthday) with her family in Timmins. An October drizzle soaked her shoulders as she trudged past a quarter mile of stopped traffic to an eerie scene. In the flickering light of Coleman lamps and road flares, she saw the two-lane highway spattered with blood. An old school bus converted into a camper lay on its side in the ditch. A hunter's pickup truck was stalled in the left lane, the bodies of two moose lolling grotesquely from the back. Off the right shoulder was a silver Mercedes-Benz with a smashed hood. In the lane between them a silent ring of people had gathered round a fourth vehicle-a blue 1973 Ford, a crumpled wreck, with four people in it.
"I think they're all dead," a burly man told Jody.
She caught her breath and thought, Well, Stevens, what do you do now? Jody had packed a lot of experience into the two years since her graduation as a registered nurse, most recently at the Toronto East General Hospital. She threw off her corduroy coat and crawled into the back seat of the crushed car.
While Jody was riding north, twenty-six-year-old Charles Jodouin, his wife Jeanne, and her parents Omer and Lucie Fortin, were driving south from Timmins to visit Jeanne's sister in Kingston. Despite the late hour, traffic in both directions was fairly heavy. They were less than three miles out of North Bay when, suddenly, the left rear wheel spun off an oncoming converted school bus: it flew straight into the grill of a pickup truck moving south just ahead of the Jodouins. Then, out of control, the camperbus skidded across the centre line and sideswiped the Jodouins' blue Ford. A split second later a brand-new Mercedes, travelling behind the camper, also slammed into the Jodouins.
Scrambling into the wrecked blue Ford, Jody found herself in a welter of blood and splintered glass. Trapped in the driver's se.
Access the annual report provided in Course Materials to complete .docxmehek4
Access
the annual report provided in Course Materials to complete the Financial Reporting Problem, Part 1 assignment due in Week Six.
Analyze
the information contained in the company’s balance sheet and income statement to answer the following questions:
·
Are the assets included under the company’s current assets listed in the proper order? Explain your answer.
·
How are the company’s assets classified?
·
What are cash equivalents?
·
What are the company’s total current liabilities at the end of its most recent annual reporting period?
·
What are the company’s total current liabilities at the end of the previous annual reporting period?
·
Considering all the information you have gathered, why might this information be important to potential creditors, investors, and employees?
Create a table to summarize any dollar value answers. Then Summarize
the analysis in a 700- to 1,050-word paper in a Microsoft
®
Word document.
Format
your paper and presentation consistent with APA guidelines.
.
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Running head IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIESIMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES.docxcowinhelen
Running head: IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES 4
Implementation Strategies
Michael Boddie
Application Implementation
CMGT/445
Michael Goyden
December 11, 2017
Introduction
Project communication is very critical to the success of any project. It is also critical to key project management soft-skill. As a project manager, project communication is one deliverable that they are personally responsible for and it was of the largest influence over the failure or project success. There are main elements of project communications examples are project sponsors, customers, project team members, project manager, and project management office.
Project communication plan
The major objectives of a communication plan are; to encourage the use of project management best practices, ensure a consistent, give accurate and timely information about the project, and to promote and gain support for the project management improvements.
Table 1 below shows the target audience
Project stakeholders
Message
Delivery method
Delivery Frequency
Communicator
Project Sponsor
Project plans and status report
Meeting
Report sent via mail to project sponsor
Weekly
Project manager
Project core team
Project plans
Meeting
Weekly
Project manager
Executive management
Project briefing
Oral briefing and presentation of slides
Monthly
Biweekly
Project manager
Programmers
Project briefing
Oral briefing
Daily
Project manager
Users
Project status
Meeting and presentation slides
Weekly
Project manager
Communication message contents
A project plan shoes a guide of project execution and project control. Then document also shows approved scope of the project, the cost, and schedule. Project plans shows the current and future plans. The documents also shows project problems and issues. Project plan also shows planned project deliverables for the next period. The status report, keeps the key project stakeholders informed. It is shows status summary, status budget, status scope, accomplishment, issues, and project team members. Project briefing shows project issues and problems, it also shows goals of project management improvement, and project checklist (Project Management Institute, 2017).
Documentation Required
There are eight essential documents required for this project. First is a project charter. This document formally recognizes the project creation and the formal contract between project sponsors, project stakeholders, and commercial agreement. Project charter documents gathers aspects related to the contracting and the contacted example is the project name, the goals of the project and the needs that the project it serves. Project charter also shows a brief description of the project, feasibility study, the project products i.e. training manuals, supporting, and monitoring post release of the project. A project charter also shows the intermediate products whic ...
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The document discusses key steps for identifying indicators of a green economy transformation:
1) Issue identification indicators help decision-makers prioritize problems by identifying trends, assessing relationships to the environment, and analyzing underlying causes and cross-sectoral impacts.
2) Policy formulation indicators allow evaluation of policy options by defining objectives and identifying intervention options and their sectoral effects.
3) Policy assessment indicators estimate impacts on the environmental issue, across sectors, and on overall well-being to evaluate policy performance.
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By 30th April 2014, member states of the EU shal establish long term national strategies or roadmaps for mobilizing investment in the renovation of the national stock of residential and commercial buildings, both public and private. This document expands on that regulation.
This document proposes a feasibility study to identify factors that would impact the growth of the blue economy in Europe. The study would use various analytical tools and research methodologies to examine market size, growth trends, stakeholders, risks, and other economic and environmental factors. The objectives are to identify innovations that could optimize profitability in the sector, strengthen market surveys and risk assessment, identify potential bottlenecks, and ensure the project's alignment with EU legal frameworks. A combination of desk research, stakeholder consultations, surveys, and analytical tools like SWOT and input-output analysis would be used to provide recommendations to maximize sustainable growth in the blue economy.
The document discusses sustainable construction practices in Malaysia's construction industry. It outlines several key challenges to adopting sustainable practices, including higher upfront costs deterring developers and a general lack of awareness and knowledge. However, it also highlights some achievements and breakthroughs, such as the growing use of Industrialized Building Systems that reduce costs and environmental impacts, and the Tanarimba housing project that successfully used local and natural materials to minimize environmental harm. While progress has been made, the document suggests that broader adoption of sustainable practices in Malaysia still faces challenges from short-term economic priorities and a need for greater knowledge sharing across the industry.
Building systemic climate resilience in citiesOECDregions
Climate shocks can have drastic impacts across social, economic and environmental systems.
Adopting a “systems approach” is therefore essential to help promote cross-sectoral, multi-disciplinary collaboration in the process of policy making.
The systems approach to climate shocks is even more relevant to cities, as they are places of concern due to the increased exposure to risk, but are also places of opportunities and solution.
The US Department of Energy (USDOE) and the Alliance to Save Energy hosted an Asia Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate (APP) Zero Energy Homes Workshop at the Alliance’s offices on September 22 – 23, 2009.
The document discusses the importance of the design phase in construction projects and how integrating lean thinking can help eliminate waste in the design process. It proposes a new design process model based on set-based concurrent engineering that incorporates lean activities. The objective is to present an innovative design process for building projects that reduces waste through the application of lean thinking principles during design.
GCC governments are imposing new standards to minimize greenhouse gas emissions and limit resource depletion in the construction industry. Construction companies can play a direct role in greening their processes. The document outlines 10 steps companies can take to transition to greener construction, including making sustainability common knowledge among staff, having sustainability plans before construction begins, embedding green procedures contractually, and ensuring materials meet sustainability criteria throughout the project. International rating systems provide common green requirements, and experience shows stakeholders are increasingly aware of sustainability benefits.
Through the Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF), Innovate UK will invest up to £9.3 million in innovation projects. The aim of this competition is to support demonstration-stage projects that have the potential to improve lives of people living in lower income countries and emerging economies. It will support projects that address one or more of the global societal challenges recognised as the UN Sustainable Development Goals through development of innovative, market-creating products and services. These projects should ultimately lead to the deployment of those products or services within those countries.
This is a two-phase competition. Phase 1 projects must explore the feasibility of running a demonstration project in phase 2 and applicants can use a human-centred design or technical feasibility approaches during this phase. A successful sub-set of phase 1 projects will be invited to apply for phase 2.
Funding has been allocated from the Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF), a £1.5 billion fund to support cutting-edge research which addresses the problems faced by developing countries. GCRF will address global challenges through disciplinary and interdisciplinary research and innovation, and will strengthen capability for research and innovation within both the UK and developing countries, also providing an agile response to emergencies where there is an urgent research need. GCRF forms part of the UK's Official Development Assistance (ODA) commitment and will be awarded in a manner that fits with ODA guidelines.
Find out more about the GCRF Demonstrate Impact Programme: https://ktn-uk.co.uk/programmes/gcrf-demonstrate-impact-programme
1. Statement of Course ObjectivesThe objective of the Directed.docxgasciognecaren
1. Statement of Course Objectives
The objective of the Directed Readings is to provide an organized and systematic study and research arrangement. This arrangement is expected to facilitate completion of course goals, and to add valuable experience for the student's career.
The main focus of the research will be … some introduction, motivation.
In this project, I will analyze … I will also analyze …
At the end of this project, I hope to better understand … I am a … major, and I am interested in a career in … Accordingly, I think acquiring an understanding of these issues would be valuable in the future because …
2. Bibliography
For the study, the student will use various sources including media coverage, prior published research articles and books, case studies, as well as financial data.
Media coverage
The use of business media coverage should help to give a 'current-event' type feel to the research. These media include WSJ, NYT, Forbes among others.
Research articles and books
Case studies
Financial data
The student may use different online resources such as academic journals and industry databases to further the research.
Macroeconomic data
Institutional data
3. Methodology
Depending upon the nature of the proposed topic, the student is expected to … (how you will go about conducting research on the topics you proposed, is it qualitative vs. quantitative, where will you draw your sources of information, how will you structure/draft your reports ….)
4. Evaluation
Evaluation for course grade will be based on the following considerations:
· Importance of identified topics.
· Breadth and depth of review of existing and concurrent studies.
· Analyzing the topics: method, rigor, depth.
· Positioning this research in broader perspective and convey the findings effectively.
Case Study objective and instructions:
Objective:
This assessment relates to the unit learning outcomes as in the unit descriptor. This assessment is designed to evaluate student’s ability to identify the key phases of projects and to successfully manage the projects by using various IT project management tools and techniques.
The following ULOs are assessed in this assessment.
LO1 Demonstrate ability to skillfully manage projects by putting to effective use various IT project management tools and techniques.
LO2 Critically analyze project parameters and identify the key processes from the available project management book of knowledge in practical case scenarios.
INSTRUCTIONS
In this assignment you will use the IT project management knowledge area and the tools used in project initiation and planning to prepare a project charter for the Case Studybelow. Make sure to analyse the project management parameters and identify the actors relevant to the case study and mention the project scope, constraints and assumptions.
For this assessment, you will prepare a project charter based on the business case given below. Your report should be limited to approx. 1.
This presentation explains the findings of a report written by INTASAVE for WWF: Lessons in Climate-Smart policies: A Framework For Integrated Low Carbon Resilient Development.
Wp062011 risk management for energy efficiency projects in developing countriesAgus Witono
This document discusses risk management for energy efficiency projects in developing countries. It introduces a simple framework that considers two dimensions: a project's energy intensity for the firm initiating it, and its organizational/contractual complexity. Higher energy intensity and lower complexity imply lower risk. The document then provides examples that illustrate different levels of risk based on this framework. It emphasizes that effective risk management is needed to convince firms' management to implement profitable energy efficiency projects by addressing uncertainties around technical issues, energy prices, exchange rates, regulations and more. Organizing enterprises and using tools like carbon credits, energy service companies, and performance contracting can help mitigate these risks.
Similar to The Factors of Impacts of Real Estate Developers on Urban Developm.docx (20)
Accident Up Ahead!Listen to this text being read aloud by a hu.docxmehek4
Accident Up Ahead!
Listen to this text being read aloud by a human being by clicking on this link.
Answer questions #1 and #2 and then answer #3 or #4.
1. When an accident or disaster occurs, many people will panic or just stand there looking. Why do they react that way? (Answer using a short paragraph.)
2. What fears and doubts does Jody have to overcome as she works? What helps her to keep going? (Answer using two short paragraphs.)
3. Write a paragraph about an accident that you experienced as a victim, an observer, or the person who helped the victim.
or
4. As one of the Fortins or Jodouins, write a letter to Jody Stevens thanking her for what she did.
Accident Up Ahead!
JANICE TYRWHITT
THE NORTHBOUND BUS had scarcely left North Bay, Ontario, when-at 1:30 a.m. on Saturday, October 11, 1975-it came to an abrupt halt. Peering out the bus window at Highway 11, Jody Stevens saw a line of taillights stretching into the night. "There must be an accident up ahead," she said to her seatmate. "I had better get out and help." Jody, a young nurse from Toronto, was on her way home to spend Thanksgiving (and celebrate her twenty-fourth birthday) with her family in Timmins. An October drizzle soaked her shoulders as she trudged past a quarter mile of stopped traffic to an eerie scene. In the flickering light of Coleman lamps and road flares, she saw the two-lane highway spattered with blood. An old school bus converted into a camper lay on its side in the ditch. A hunter's pickup truck was stalled in the left lane, the bodies of two moose lolling grotesquely from the back. Off the right shoulder was a silver Mercedes-Benz with a smashed hood. In the lane between them a silent ring of people had gathered round a fourth vehicle-a blue 1973 Ford, a crumpled wreck, with four people in it.
"I think they're all dead," a burly man told Jody.
She caught her breath and thought, Well, Stevens, what do you do now? Jody had packed a lot of experience into the two years since her graduation as a registered nurse, most recently at the Toronto East General Hospital. She threw off her corduroy coat and crawled into the back seat of the crushed car.
While Jody was riding north, twenty-six-year-old Charles Jodouin, his wife Jeanne, and her parents Omer and Lucie Fortin, were driving south from Timmins to visit Jeanne's sister in Kingston. Despite the late hour, traffic in both directions was fairly heavy. They were less than three miles out of North Bay when, suddenly, the left rear wheel spun off an oncoming converted school bus: it flew straight into the grill of a pickup truck moving south just ahead of the Jodouins. Then, out of control, the camperbus skidded across the centre line and sideswiped the Jodouins' blue Ford. A split second later a brand-new Mercedes, travelling behind the camper, also slammed into the Jodouins.
Scrambling into the wrecked blue Ford, Jody found herself in a welter of blood and splintered glass. Trapped in the driver's se.
Access the annual report provided in Course Materials to complete .docxmehek4
Access
the annual report provided in Course Materials to complete the Financial Reporting Problem, Part 1 assignment due in Week Six.
Analyze
the information contained in the company’s balance sheet and income statement to answer the following questions:
·
Are the assets included under the company’s current assets listed in the proper order? Explain your answer.
·
How are the company’s assets classified?
·
What are cash equivalents?
·
What are the company’s total current liabilities at the end of its most recent annual reporting period?
·
What are the company’s total current liabilities at the end of the previous annual reporting period?
·
Considering all the information you have gathered, why might this information be important to potential creditors, investors, and employees?
Create a table to summarize any dollar value answers. Then Summarize
the analysis in a 700- to 1,050-word paper in a Microsoft
®
Word document.
Format
your paper and presentation consistent with APA guidelines.
.
Access the Internet to acquire a copy of the most recent annual re.docxmehek4
Access
the Internet to acquire a copy of the most recent annual report for the publicly traded company used to complete the Financial Reporting Problem, Part 1 assignment due in Week Six. (In week six, I wrote about Apple’s financial report)
Analyze
the information contained in the company’s balance sheet and income statement to answer the following questions:
·
Are the assets included under the company’s current assets listed in the proper order? Explain your answer.
·
How are the company’s assets classified?
·
What are cash equivalents?
·
What are the company’s total current liabilities at the end of its most recent annual reporting period?
·
What are the company’s total current liabilities at the end of the previous annual reporting period?
·
Considering all the information you have gathered, why might this information be important to potential creditors, investors, and employees?
Summarize
the analysis in a 700- to 1,050-word paper in a Microsoft® Word document.
Include
a copy of the company’s balance sheet and income statement.
Format
your paper and presentation consistent with APA guidelines.
.
Acc 290 Final Exam MCQs) Which financial statement is used to de.docxmehek4
This document contains 29 multiple choice questions about accounting concepts and principles from an ACC 290 final exam, including questions about:
- Financial statements and the statement of cash flows
- Basic accounting equations and debits and credits
- Adjusting entries, trial balances, and calculating financial metrics like cost of goods sold
- Inventory costing methods like FIFO and LIFO
- Internal controls and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
AC2760
Week 2 Assignment
Read the following scenario, and complete the form on the following worksheet:
On March 1, 2012, Mitch Quade established Mitch Realty, which completed the following transactions during the month:
(a)
Mitch Quade transferred cash from a personal bank account to an account to be used for the business in exchange for capital stock, $18,000.
(b)
Purchase supplies on account, $1,200.
(c)
Earned sales commission, receiving cash, $14,000.
(d)
Paid rent on office and equipment for the month, $2,800.
(e)
Paid creditor on account, $750.
(f)
Paid office salaries, $3,000.
Instructions:
1
Journalize entries for transactions (a) through (f).
Omit the journal entry explanations. Please use the drop-down list (right of the cell) to enter the account description box on the worksheet.
2
Post the journal entries the T accounts, placing the appropriate letter to the left of each amount to identify the transactions.
Determine the account balance after all posting is complete.
Accounts containing only a single entry do not need a balance.
3
Prepare and unadjusted trial balance as of March 31, 2012.
1.
Journal - Mitch Realty
Description
Debit
Credit
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
2.
Ledger - Mitch Realty
Cash
Capital Stock
(a)
(d)
(a)
(c)
(e)
(f)
Sales Commission
Bal.
(c)
Supplies
Office Salaries Expense
(b)
(f)
Accounts Payable
Rent Expense
(e)
(b)
(d)
Bal.
3.
MITCH REALTY
Unadjusted Trial Balance
March 31, 2012
Debit
Credit
Cash
Supplies
Accounts Payable
Capital Stock
Sales Commissions
Rent Expense
Office Salaries Expense
-
-
.
AC1220 Lab 5.1IntroductionJake determines that owning the .docxmehek4
AC1220 Lab 5.1
Introduction
Jake determines that owning the building where Jake’s Computer Sales and Repair operates makes more sense than leasing the facility. On June 1, 20x1, Jake exchanges a $180,000 note payable for the following fixed assets:
·
Land
·
Land improvements, including fencing, paving, lighting, and signage
·
Building
Jake hires an independent appraiser who assigns the following market values to the assets:
Asset
Fair Market Value
Land
$23,500
Land improvements
$8,000
Building
$164,500
Requirement 1
Jake must allocate the $195,000 among three asset classes: land, land improvements, and building.
a. Compute the total fair market value (FMV) of the lump-sum purchase of assets.
Asset
Fair Market Value
Land
$23,500
Land improvements
8,000
Building
164,000
Total
b. Express land improvements and building as a percentage of the total FMV and allocate the purchase price of $180,000 to land improvements and building—the computation is completed for land.
Asset
Fair Market Value
% of Total Fair Market Value
Purchase Price
Cost of Asset
Land
$23,500
12%
$180,000
$21,600
Land improvements
180,000
Building
180,000
Total
c. Journalize the purchase of the assets, using the allocated costs computed in Requirement 1b.
Date
Account and Explanation
Debit
Credit
6/1/x1
To record purchase of land, land improvements, and building
Requirement 2
a. Classify each of the following spending items as either a capital expenditure or an expense. Indicate the correct choice with an “x”:
Spending
Capital Expenditure
Expense
Routine repairs to fencing, $120 (cash)
Renovation of building, including addition to warehouse, $15,000 (on account)
Resurfaced paving, extending the remaining useful life of the paving from 3 to 5 years, $1,000 (cash)
b. Journalize the expenditures described in Requirement 2a.
Date
Account and Explanation
Debit
Credit
6/1/x1
To record repairs to fencing
6/1/x1
To record renovation of building
6/1/x1
To record extraordinary repair
Requirement 3
a. Using the straight-line depreciation method, compute the depreciation expense and the accumulated depreciation that would be recorded at December 20x1. Completing the shaded cells in the following table:
Date
Asset Cost
Depreciable Cost
Straight-line Depreciation Rate
Depreciation Expense
Accumulated Depreciation
Book Value
Jun 1, 20x1
1/5 x 6/12
b. Using the double-declining balance method, compute the depreciation expense and the accumulated depreciation that would be recorded at December 20x1. Complete the shaded cells in the following table:
Date
Asset Cost
Depreciable Cost
Double-Declining Depreciation Rate
Depreciation Expense
Accumulated Depreciation
Book Value
Jun 1, 20x1
c. Assume that a truck is expected to be driven 7,000 miles through December 31, 20x1, and that each mile driven represents one production unit. Usi.
Abstract(Provide the main generalizable statement resulting .docxmehek4
Abstract
(
Provide the main generalizable
statement
resulting from the paper briefly)
Introduction
(Explain what the assignment is about to the reader briefly)
Anthropology definition
: according to Schaefer (2010) is “……………………………………………..” (p.5).
Interpretation: In your own words
Example: from your experiences
How does the discipline interface with sociology? Connect anthropology with sociology
Psychology definition
:
Interpretation:
Example:
How does it interface with sociology?
Political Science definition
:
Interpretation:
Example:
How does discipline interface with sociology?
Economics definition
:
Interpretation:
Example:
How does discipline interface with sociology?
Sociology definition
:
Interpretation:
Example:
How does discipline interface with sociology?
.
Abusive relationships are at the core of the Coetzee novel, whether .docxmehek4
Abusive relationships are at the core of the Coetzee novel, whether men and their abuse of women, individuals and their abuse of animals, and men and their abuse of other men. What does Coatzee want to convey to the reader about the nature of abuse and violence in relationships? How does he see both as emblematic of South Africa?
5 page paper on this topic above and include quotes or textual examples from the book.
.
Abraham, J., Sick, B., Anderson, J., Berg, A., Dehmer, C., & Tufano, A. (2011).
Selecting a provider: What factors influence patients' decision making?
Journal of Healthcare Management
,
56
(2), 99–114.
Chullen, C. L., Dunford, B. B., Angermeier, I., Boss, R. W., & Boss, A. D. (2011).
Minimizing deviant behavior in healthcare organizations: The effects of supportive leadership and job design
.
Journal of Healthcare Management
,
55
(6), 381–397.
Compare the two studies by analyzing their samples. Use the following questions to guide you.
What sampling design is used?
Is the sample size adequate?
How does the sample affect the validity of the conclusions of the study?
.
Abraham, J., Sick, B., Anderson, J., Berg, A., Dehmer, C., & Tufano, A. (2011).
Selecting a provider: What factors influence patients' decision making?
Journal of Healthcare Management
,
56
(2), 99–114.
·
Chullen, C. L., Dunford, B. B., Angermeier, I., Boss, R. W., & Boss, A. D. (2011).
Minimizing deviant behavior in healthcare organizations: The effects of supportive leadership and job design
.
Journal of Healthcare Management
,
55
(6), 381–397.
Compare the two studies by analyzing their samples. Use the following questions to guide you.
1.
What sampling design is used?
2.
Is the sample size adequate?
.
A.Da la correcta conjugación para cada oración.(Give the corre.docxmehek4
A.
Da la correcta conjugación para cada oración.
(Give the correct verb conjugation in F
ormal Commandfor each sentence)
.
Top of Form
1.
_______________
Ud. la cama. (hacer)
2.
______________ Uds. la mesa. (poner)
3.
______________
Ud. a tiempo. (salir)
4.
_____________
Uds. a la fiesta. (venir)
5.
_____________ Ud. la verdad. (decir)
6.
______________ Uds. a la fiesta. (ir)
7.
______________Ud. bueno. (ser)
8.
______________ Uds. la información. (saber)
9.
______________ Ud. en la clase a tiempo.
(estar)
10.
______________ Uds. respecto a sus profesores.
(dar)
11.
______________ Ud. a clase. (ir)
12.
______________ Uds. buenos. (ser)
13.
______________
Ud. el libro en la mochila. (poner)
14.
______________ Uds. de la casa a las ocho.
(salir)
15.
______________
Ud. a mi casa. (venir)
Bottom of Form
.
Abraham Lincoln is considered by many historians to be the greatest .docxmehek4
Abraham Lincoln is considered by many historians to be the greatest American President. His drive to end slavery and to unify the nation was at great personal cost. For this assignment, you will access two important primary sources authored by Abraham Lincoln.
Using the Internet, review the following primary source document:
[Lincoln, A.?]. [ca. 1863].
The Emancipation Proclamation
. Archived document, U.S. National Archives & Records Administration. Retrieved from
http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured_documents/
emancipation_proclamation/transcript.html
In addition, research the Internet for
The Gettysburg Address.
The
Webliography
for this module contains a link to this resource.
Based on your analysis of all the readings for this module, respond to the following:
What is Lincoln’s perception of liberty and equality?
Why did he place so much importance on the destruction of slavery and the continuation of one nation?
What examples from both documents demonstrate both civil liberties and rights?
Support your statements with appropriate scholarly references.
Write your initial response in a minimum of 300 words. Apply APA standards to citation of sources.
.
About half of the paid lobbyists in Washington are former government.docxmehek4
About half of the paid lobbyists in Washington are former government staff members or former members of Congress. Why would interest groups employ such people? Why might some reformers want to limit the ability of interest groups to employ them? On what basis might an interest group argue that such limits are unconstitutional?
.
ABC sells 400 shares of its $23 par common stock for $27. The entry .docxmehek4
ABC sells 400 shares of its $23 par common stock for $27. The entry would entail credit(s. to __________.
A. Cash for $9,200
B. Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par-Common for $800; Common Stock for $10,800
C. Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par-Common for $1,600; Common Stock for $9,200
D. Common Stock for $10,800
.
ABC company is increasing its equity by selling additional shares to.docxmehek4
ABC company is increasing its equity by selling additional shares to the public and also by converting its retained earnings. The total amount to be raised is $1,000. Given that the size of retained earnings is $300, how much should be raised externally (by issuing new shares)?
a) $700 b) $705 c) $1,000 d) $1,005 e) $300
.
A.The unification of previously fractious and divided Arab tribes.docxmehek4
A.
The unification of previously fractious and divided Arab tribes
B.
The capitulation of Jewish and Christian leaders
C.
Direct military assistance from the Sasanid state
D.
The exhaustion of the Byzantine Empire after Pyrrhic victories over the Ostrogoths and Vandals
.
A.Escribe la forma correcta del verbo en españolNosotros siem.docxmehek4
A. Escribe la forma correcta del verbo en español
Nosotros siempre_____________coca cola con la pizza. (drink)
Tú ________________________________ en Buenos Aires. (live)
Ellos ______________________________el pastel. (divide)
Yo _________________________la comida mexicana. (eat)
Paco ________________________el dinero en la caja. (hides)
Vosotros __________________________estudiar. (should)
Ramón y Carlos _______________________en el parque. (run)
La maestra __________________________ la puerta. (opens)
Yo _______________________el cuatro de Pedro. (describe)
Él _________________________el carro. (sells)
Tú ___________________un regalo para tu cumpleaños. (receive)
Los estudiantes______________________el libro. (read)
Vosotros ________________________a la clase de arte. (attend)
Ella ___________________________hacer la tarea. (promises)
Alejandra y yo ___________________a hablar español. (learn)
El hombre ____________________descubre el tesoro. (discovers)
Uds. ________________________las escaleras. (go up, climb)
Ud. ________________________el examen. (cover)
El niño _________________________la ventana. (breaks)
Las mujeres_________________________en Dios. (believe)
Escribe en español
We drink milk. _________________________________________
He breaks the window.____________________________________
They open the door.______________________________________
You (pl. Spain) promise to write.____________________________
I learn to speak Spanish.___________________________________
Contesta las preguntas
¿Dónde vives?____________________________________________
¿Lees muchos libros?______________________________________
¿Comes mucha comida mexicana?____________________________
¿Debes estudiar todos los días?_______________________________
¿Recibes buenas notas en todas tus clases?______________________
.
A.Both countries fought for independence from Great Britain, b.docxmehek4
A
.
Both countries fought for independence from Great Britain, but the United States won, and China did not.
B
.
Both countries were colonized, but the United States went on to become a major imperial power, and China did not.
C
.
Both countries established colonies in India, but the United States established commercial control, and China did not.
D
.
Both countries established colonies in the Caribbean, but the United States’ colonies rebelled, and China’s did not.
.
a.A patent purchased from J. Miller on January 1, 2010, for a ca.docxmehek4
a.
A patent purchased from J. Miller on January 1, 2010, for a cash cost of $5,640. When purchased, the patent had an estimated life of fifteen years.
b.
A trademark was registered with the federal government for $10,000. Management estimated that the trademark could be worth as much as $200,000 because it has an indefinite life.
c.
Computer licensing rights were purchased on January 1, 2010, for $60,000. The rights are expected to have a four-year useful life to the company.
Compute the acquisition cost of each intangible asset.
patent
trademark
licensing rights
.
A.) Imagine that astronomers have discovered intelligent life in a n.docxmehek4
A.) Imagine that astronomers have discovered intelligent life in a nearby star system. Imagine you are part of a group submitting a proposal for who on Earth should speak for the planet and what 50-word message should be conveyed. Be sure to answer all three questions below, if you choose this option.
(A) Who should speak for Earth and why?
(B) What should this person say in 50 words?
(C) Why is this message the most important compared to other things that could be said?
Instructions: should be at least 200 words.
B.) Observing Jupiter’s Moons
Big Idea: Sky objects have properties, locations, and predictable patterns of movements that can be observed and described.
Goal: Students will conduct a series of inquiries about the position and motion of Jupiter’s moons using prescribed Internet simulations.
Computer Setup:
Access http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/ and
a) Select THE MOON in the “Show me _______ “ drop down menu
b) Select THE SUN in the “as seen from _______ “ drop down menu
c) Select the radio button “I want a field of view of ____ degrees” and set the drop down menu to 0.5
d) Select the check box for EXTRA BRIGHTNESS and then Select “Run Simulator”
Phase I: Exploration
1) The resulting image shows what one would see looking through a special telescope. In this picture, where is the observer with the special telescope located?
2) How does the image change if you INCREASE the field of view?
3) What is the exact date of the image?
4) Astronomers typically mark images based on the time it currently is in Greenwich, England, called UTC. What is the precise time of the image?
5) Using a ruler to measure the distance on the screen between the middle of Earth and the middle of the Moon, what is the measured distance? You do NOT need to know the exact number of kilometers, but simply a ruler-measurement you can compare other measurements you make later. Alternately, you can use the edge of a blank piece of paper held in the landscape orientation and mark the positions of Earth and Moon or the Squidgit ruler found on the last page.
6) Use the browser’s BACK button to return to the Solar System Simulator homepage. Now, advance the time by 1 hour and determine the new distance between the Earth and Moon.
7) Use the browser’s BACK button to return to the Solar System Simulator homepage. Now, advance the time by one day from when you started and determine the new distance between the Earth and Moon.
8) Use the browser’s BACK button to return to the Solar System Simulator homepage. Now, advance the time by three days from when you started and determine the new distance between the Earth and Moon.
9) Use the browser’s BACK button to return to the Solar System Simulator homepage. Now, advance the time by five days from when you started and determine the new distance between the Earth and Moon.
10) Use the browser’s BACK button to return to the Solar System Simulator homepage. Now, advance the time by 10 days from when you s.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
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إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
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تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
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𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
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The Factors of Impacts of Real Estate Developers on Urban Developm.docx
1. The Factors of Impacts of Real Estate Developers on Urban
Development : The Case Study of Dammam Metropolitan Area,
Saudi Arabia
Instructions:
· It’s part of Ph.D. proposal so I want it to be high professional.
· My research related to Dammam Metropolitan area DMA in
Saudi Arabia.
· My research focus on the relation between the real estate
developers, and urban development to be focus more it will
identify the factors of impacts that effect 3 main aspects (social,
economic and environment). So try to create the idea of that.
· I have researched for the most important files that could be
used for literature review section, please check them in
attachment files and try to use most of them. Also may be you
want to find some other related sources to add more
information.
· Start the literature review with the introduction section that
from the files that related to Dammam Metropolitan Area.
· In Literature review sections: it’s important to extract the
indicators from cases study that related to all aspects and could
be used to solve the problem.
· In the end of literature review add a specific section that
coverd most of major terms that available in the sources that
used for literature review section (mention them “terms” with
name of source you found it on it and define them).
· Cite everything : text, indicators or factors, cases, terms, etc…
· Use APA citation system.
· Double space.
· Time New Roman 12 font size.
· Take care of plagiarism, it must be original text with 0
similarity. I want you to give me TURN IT IN REPORT.
· Write in other file word the name of each sources you use it
and from where you take the text for example (urban
development USA case study, page3 pargraph2)
2. · Due date on WEDENSDAY, December 27/2017.
Just to increase your information of the idea of this research and
understand the next par, this is the define of the research
problem:
With the passage of time, there is an increase in real estate
development and real estate developers are responding to more
demand for real estate. The ballooning real estate sector is a
solution in the short run to the increasing urban population but
a long run issue for them as it creates many challenges for the
cities. Continued development of the urban areas with no keen
consideration for the effects that such real estate developments
have for the general urban development is creating a problem
for the future. Urban development faces a number of issues
including urban planning, sustainable development, social
planning, and economic challenges. The surge in real estate
development affects all the aspects of urban development,
which is the essence of this study. This study should aim at
unearthing the elements of real estate developers activities that
are not good for urban planning and development and develop
appropriate solutions that can help manage these issues.
The real problem, however, is lack of a framework that would
create various factors that developers must adhere to in order to
ensure urban development and the urban real estate development
are aligned. Dammam, for example, has little planning and legal
framework just like many other urban areas across the world.
The challenge is to define the group of factors that are exclusive
and conclusive enough to cover all the aspects of the impacts
that realm estate development has on urban development.
Literature review elements:
1. Literature review. 15 PAGES DOUBLE SPACE
a. Introduction of this chapter.
3. b. Real estate developers and urban land development in
Dammam metropolitan area.
c. Social aspect (focus on cases study, indicators to measure)
end it with table of indicators or factors that could measure the
effect through it and don’t forget to mention the source of each
one.
d. Economic aspect (focus on cases study, indicators to
measure) end it with table of indicators or factors that could
measure the effect through it and don’t forget to mention the
source of each one.
e. Environment aspect (focus on cases study, indicators to
measure) end it with table of indicators or factors that could
measure the effect through it and don’t forget to mention the
source of each one.
f. Define the major terms that founded while you are reading the
sources (main terms that could be useful for the study and
mentions its source).
g. Summary of benefits (summarize literature review chapter).
2. References
Industry Agenda
Environmental
Sustainability Principles
for the Real Estate
Industry
January 2016
5. 5 Introduction
6 Real Estate and the
Environment
9 A Survey of Existing Practice
12 Sustainable
Solution
s for Real
Estate
13 Environmental Sustainability:
The Business Case
15 Towards a More Sustainable
Real Estate Sector
16 Appendix I: Examples of
Environmental Initiatives in the
Built Environment
22 Appendix II: Principles and
Implementation Assessment
Tools
6. The World Economic Forum aims to develop a common set of
environmental
principles in partnership with the real estate industry. The goal
of this effort is to
ensure that the decision-making and operations of real estate
firms place a high
priority on becoming environmentally sustainable. Although
there are a growing
number of diverse environmental standards at the building level,
at the company
level as well as at the urban and national governmental level,
the real estate
industry lacks a uniform set of sustainability principles. Current
initiatives often
lack a wider context, a value proposition and a broader vision.
In addition, there is
fragmentation and confusion and a widespread belief that real
estate lags behind
other sectors in responding to environmental challenges.
The Forum recommends that real estate industry leaders commit
to a set of
sustainability principles and create a community around the
diligent adoption of
7. specific initiatives that serve these principles. This represents
an opportunity to
demonstrate leadership and to shape the agenda, rather than
merely responding
to regulatory and other external pressures.
The goal is to embody a wider sense of stewardship for the
natural environment,
consistent with the ethical and professional conduct of business.
Moreover, a
clear business and economic rationale for embedding
environmental sustainability
in firm-wide decisions, policies and strategies can result in
long-term cost
reduction, protected or even enhanced property values and,
hence, improved
risk-adjusted returns. There are opportunities to embrace new
technology and
innovation to meet environmental goals and enhance business
performance.
The real estate sector should further ensure that all assets
contribute to city-wide
resilience efforts to minimize the impact of extreme weather
events and to speed
8. recovery. Activities should align with city-wide efforts to meet
such goals.
In particular, we recommend that corporate leadership focus on
the following
sustainability efforts as part of a commitment from the sector to
contribute
to meeting sustainable development goals and to the agenda set
out in the
agreements reached at the United Nations climate change
summit in Paris
in December 2015. These include reducing greenhouse gas
emissions,
implementing water/waste management, and reducing pollutants
in the air, water
and land.
To access the full report “Sustainability Principles for the Real
Estate Industry”,
please go to:
http://www.weforum.org/content/future-real-estate-
urbanization-2014-2016
http://www.weforum.org/content/future-real-estate-
urbanization-2014-2016
9. 4 Environmental Sustainability Principles for the Real Estate
Industry
Environmental sustainability
principles for the real estate
industry
Across the lifecycle of individual portfolios and as key
business objectives, and as organizations committed
to environmentally sustainable practices for the built
environment, we will:
1. Embed adherence to best-in-class
sustainability standards in all aspects
of our real estate operations, with
board level responsibility for monitoring
and disclosing our sustainability
performance.
2. Ensure that our decisions contribute
to improvements in environmental
10. sustainability at the local and urban
levels, working cooperatively with
tenants, city governments, planners
and other stakeholders in achieving our
targets.
3. Commit to continuous improvement
in the environmental performance of
construction and development activities,
our real estate operations and our asset
management policies.
4. Track the environmental performance
of our real estate assets and operations
on a continuous basis, to assess our
ecological footprint, and our exposure to
risk from natural shocks, environmental
regulation and the economic impacts of
climate change.
5. Identify explicit targets for improving our
11. environmental sustainability performance
including specifically in our commitment
to minimize emissions of greenhouse
gases and to increasing our use of
renewable resources.
5Environmental Sustainability Principles for the Real Estate
Industry
Introduction
This report has been produced by the World Economic
Forum’s Industry Agenda Council on the Future of Real
Estate & Urbanization, which brought together a wide range
of representatives from the real estate industry, as well as
city governments and academia – all united in a common
interest in the real estate industry and concern about the
impacts of climate change and the environment on the
future development of cities and the built environment.
Real estate is central to urban development, consumes
physical resources and is a significant source of
emissions. Equally, it is central to the goal of creating
12. an environmentally sustainable future. We recognize the
imperative to avoid dangerous climate change by limiting
global average temperature rise to less than 2°C, and
understand that the existing trend of the world’s net
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is not consistent with this
ambition. We also acknowledge that the real estate sector
is responsible for more than 20% of the world’s carbon
emissions and for other environmental impacts, including
waste production, pollution, use of water and consumption
of other natural resources.
Over the past few years, many companies in the sector
have taken action to reduce the environmental impact of
buildings. We will continue in our efforts to help support
sustainable development. We will also play a part in
lowering the current global emissions trajectory, supporting
adaptation to climate change in cities, reducing pollution
and damage to the natural environment, and promoting
the principles of the circular economy where possible. We
stand ready to work with our stakeholders to implement the
UN Sustainable Development Goals and we will tailor our
approach to local circumstances.
In this report we first set out as context the contribution of
real estate to environmental issues and sustainability. By
13. many metrics, the sector is a major contributor to global
emissions and user of non-renewable resources. Despite
substantial progress, for example with the growth of
green building technologies, the sector lags behind other
industries in responding to environmental challenges.
Next we survey evidence on the response of real estate
organizations to the adoption of sustainability principles.
While many firms have sustainability statements, these lack
coherence and consistency. Many do not appear to be
principles shaping an organization’s policies and strategies,
but rather are responsive and focus on measurement and
reporting. Adopting a clear set of principles would help
the sector to contribute to a more sustainable economy.
However, the solutions adopted need to be feasible and
valuable and there needs to be a clear business case for
making those changes.
The fourth and fifth sections of the report focus on these
issues. Finally, we set out our conclusions – a call for the
industry to adopt a comprehensive and strategic set of
principles to contribute to sustainable development in the
built environment.
14. 6 Environmental Sustainability Principles for the Real Estate
Industry
Real Estate and the Environment
The real estate sector uses more energy than any other
sector and is a growing contributor to CO
2
emissions.
Although measurement is complex, most estimates suggest
that the real estate sector is the single most significant
sectors in terms of CO2e1 contributions.
– The sector consumes over 40% of global energy
annually
– 20% of total global greenhouse gas emissions originate
from buildings
– There is a projected 56% increase in building CO
2
15. emissions by 2030
– A 7% increase in proportionate share of global GHG
emissions is expected by 2030
– Buildings use 40% of raw materials globally (3 billion
tonnes annually)
Buildings also have a significant and growing impact
on other environmental aspects. For example, by 2030
buildings are expected to use 12% of global fresh water,
and generate 30% of total waste in the European Union.
Source: Accenture (adapted from IPCC, USBC, EC)
Figure 1: Real estate’s contribution to energy use and
CO
2
emission
Figure 2: Environmental impact and contribution of built
form
16. Source: JLL from cited material
Environmental impact
Share of buildings
in total output/use
Raw material consumption2 30%
Solid waste generation3,4 25-40%
Potable water consumption5 12%
Water effluents6 20%
Global socio-economic forces will make the environmental
impact of real estate sector even more important in the
future. By most projections, by 2030, the global population
will exceed 8 billion and over 60% of the world’s population
(4.9 billion people) will be living in urban environments. This
will lead to significant growth in the construction and real
estate market:
– Global construction output will reach $15.5 trillion (3.9%
17. CAGR) by 2030
– Investable real estate will reach US$69 trillion (60%
growth from 2015)
The largest 750 cities (representing 61% of global GDP) will
require:
– 260 million new homes
– 540 million m2 of new office space
– 60 million new jobs in industry
Parties to the UN Climate Change Conference (COP21),
which took place in Paris, France, in December 2015,
agreed to a deal to keep global warming below 2°C and,
ideally within 1.5°C. To stay under the 2°C threshold, the
real estate sector requires more stringent targets. According
to World Bank estimates, a 36% reduction in total CO
2
emissions in the real estate sector is required by 2030 in
18. order to stay within the 2°C threshold. This translates into a
1.25% reduction in annual energy consumption and a 3%
reduction in annual emissions. The goal of achieving carbon
neutrality by 2050 will require new non-CO
2
emitting energy
for the built environment.
7Environmental Sustainability Principles for the Real Estate
Industry
Environmental impact
Share of buildings
in total output/use
Raw material consumption2 30%
Solid waste generation3,4 25-40%
Potable water consumption5 12%
19. Water effluents6 20%
Progress made: Green buildings
It would be wrong to suggest that the real estate industry
has not acknowledged environmental sustainability in
its decision-making. In development, there has been
a significant shift towards the production of “more
environmentally sustainable buildings. Currently, 40-48% of
new commercial builds are “green”, compared to only 2% in
2005. The percentage of new commercial build properties
built green is expected to rise to ~55% in 2020 as new
regulations on construction specifications are enforced.
The carbon emissions saved by smart technology for new
buildings8 has been estimated at c.44 Mt CO
2
e.
Of course, the majority of the world’s real estate stock
is already in existence, and it is harder to achieve
environmental improvements. Nonetheless, there has been a
parallel growth in retrofitting to produce greener properties:9
20. – 13% (293 Mt CO
2
e) of total carbon emissions savings
will come from retrofitted buildings
– 46% of commercial buildings to be covered by LED
lighting by 2020
– 25% penetration of building management systems
(BMS ) for energy efficiency is expected by 2020
This uptake of green building activity is increasingly driven by
commercial factors, as much as the idealism that dominated
the early 2000s. As survey results show, client and market
demand are important drivers, while lower operating
costs and branding/PR are now the two biggest factors
influencing green building investment decisions.
Figure 3: Green building drivers: Survey evidence
Source: World Green Building Trends Report, Smart Market
Report, 2013
Regulation remains a key driving force for energy efficient
21. building design, based on the strong correlation between
the number of companies affected by green building
regulations and the percentage of green building activity per
country.
– 71% of projects valued at $50 million and over have
LEED referenced in project specifications
– More than half of firms surveyed by the World Green
Building Council reported that they were required by law
to work towards and report on a building’s sustainability
performance
– Typically green building activities lag behind changing
regulatory requirements
Management and reporting of environmental data in the
sector has improved alongside overall performance. The
GRESB (Global Real Estate Sustainability Benchmark)
survey assesses the environmental, social and governance
(ESG) performance of 707 property companies and private
equity real estate funds that represent 61,000 assets and
$2.3 trillion in asset value. Recent results show that:
– 288 out of 707 property companies and funds have
22. long-term carbon reduction targets
– The average reduction target is a 21% decrease in
carbon emissions over a period of 7 years10
– 37 companies and funds have reduction targets of
50%(or more), over an average period of 13 years
– Short-term reduction targets (for one year) are in
place for 247 companies and funds, with an average
reduction target of 7%
– However, 28% of the 707 property and companies and
funds reporting to GRESB in 2015 did not provide data
on the environmental performance of their real estate
The real estate sector underperforms
Within the real estate value chain, there are noticeable
differences between sub-sectors which are at different
levels of maturity in addressing their environmental and
social impacts, reducing the overall effectiveness of the
industry’s sustainability efforts. However, the industry trails
some industry peers such as construction and engineering
or construction materials. From purchase and engineering
23. to design to demolition, there is a lack of an integrated
approach in making and managing buildings. This leads to
disjointed sustainability outcomes.
8 Environmental Sustainability Principles for the Real Estate
Industry
Figure 4: Sector sustainability performance
Source: RobecoSAM, DJSI
To meet environmental targets, significant investment
is required in both new building and retrofitting in both
residential and non-residential segments of the real estate
industry:
– Current levels are around $78 billion p.a.
– Annual spending required by 2030 is $130 billion
To achieve this requires ~4% of current annual construction
investment by 2025 to unlock the remaining potential gains
in environmental sustainability and contribute to limiting
24. global warming to the targets agreed at the Paris climate
change conference. If it is to deliver the magnitude of energy
savings and GHG mitigation required to stay below 1.5%-
2ºC warming, today’s state of the art needs to become
mainstream. There also needs to be renewed focus on
developing countries:
– EU and North America have ~50% of current energy
efficiency investment
– Developing countries with higher economic growth rates
have significantly less energy efficiency investment
To what extent are those needs reflected in the strategic
decision-making processes of real estate firms? Are
sustainability principles embedded in the sector’s market
practices? The next section explores these questions.
9Environmental Sustainability Principles for the Real Estate
Industry
A Survey of Existing Practice
25. Many firms and organizations have statements of
environmental policy, sustainability targets or or
commitments to reduce carbon emissions. What is the
situation in the real estate sector? Are there coherent,
common principles for achieving sustainable investment
or development? Does the sector have a common view
of what is needed to achieve sustainability? To investigate
these issues, a targeted survey of existing principle initiatives
in the real estate industry was conducted by Jones Lang
LaSalle (JLL), their work complementing a data gathering
exercise on urban sustainability policies conducted by
research students at the National University of Singapore
that focused more on government bodies and NGOs.11 The
aim was to focus on the quality and diversity of content, not
the quantity of initiatives identified.
The challenge of defining a “sustainability principle” was
a considerable one throughout the survey process.
Occasionally, clear examples of schemes explicitly labelled
as “sustainability principles” were identified that actually
contained statements that conformed to our working
definition of a principle.12 However, many of the documents
and web pages viewed tended to intermingle principles,
assessment criteria, indicators and data on progress
without a clear, overarching framework. Some schemes
26. labelled “sustainability principles” might more accurately
be described as lists of criteria or indicators. More often,
sustainability programmes that did not use the word
“principles” but rather policies, frameworks, commitments,
goals, etc., and did not readily distinguish between
principles and KPIs.
JLL’s principle identification work built from existing work
by the National University of Singapore, which identified
sustainability documents earlier in the Council’s research.
That group of documents was reviewed to identify unique
instances of sustainability principles or principle-like
initiatives that pertain to real estate and places. Additionally,
as the documents collected by NUS were almost exclusively
from governmental bodies and NGOs, an additional survey
was conducted to identify principle schemes from real
estate companies – one of the target audiences of the
Council’s proposed principle initiative.
In both the review of NUS documents and the JLL survey of
real estate companies:
– Principle schemes were identified if they had any
concise, targeted list of statements driving the
27. programme objectives or summarizing its essential
characteristics regardless of whether that list was called
principles, policy, framework, etc.
– Principle statements were not included if they were not
applicable to real estate/urban issues or did not focus in
significant part on sustainability.
– Sustainability programmes were not included if they did
not have a list of principle or principle-like statements,
regardless of how strong or accepted the programme.
– The identification process was limited by the public
availability of organizations’ sustainability strategies.
Some organizations/companies surveyed for which no
principles were found actually have principle or similar
initiatives, but do not make that information publically
available.
Figure 5 summarizes the number of principle initiatives
identified and analysed.
Source: JLL Survey of Sustainability Statements, Q3 2015.
9Environmental Sustainability Principles for the Real Estate
28. Industry
A Survey of Existing Practice
Many firms and organizations have statements of
environmental policy, sustainability targets or or
commitments to reduce carbon emissions. What is the
situation in the real estate sector? Are there coherent,
common principles for achieving sustainable investment
or development? Does the sector have a common view
of what is needed to achieve sustainability? To investigate
these issues, a targeted survey of existing principle initiatives
in the real estate industry was conducted by Jones Lang
LaSalle (JLL), their work complementing a data gathering
exercise on urban sustainability policies conducted by
research students at the National University of Singapore
that focused more on government bodies and NGOs.11 The
aim was to focus on the quality and diversity of content, not
the quantity of initiatives identified.
The challenge of defining a “sustainability principle” was
a considerable one throughout the survey process.
Occasionally, clear examples of schemes explicitly labelled
as “sustainability principles” were identified that actually
contained statements that conformed to our working
29. definition of a principle.12 However, many of the documents
and web pages viewed tended to intermingle principles,
assessment criteria, indicators and data on progress
without a clear, overarching framework. Some schemes
labelled “sustainability principles” might more accurately
be described as lists of criteria or indicators. More often,
sustainability programmes that did not use the word
“principles” but rather policies, frameworks, commitments,
goals, etc., and did not readily distinguish between
principles and KPIs.
JLL’s principle identification work built from existing work
by the National University of Singapore, which identified
sustainability documents earlier in the Council’s research.
That group of documents was reviewed to identify unique
instances of sustainability principles or principle-like
initiatives that pertain to real estate and places. Additionally,
as the documents collected by NUS were almost exclusively
from governmental bodies and NGOs, an additional survey
was conducted to identify principle schemes from real
estate companies – one of the target audiences of the
Council’s proposed principle initiative.
In both the review of NUS documents and the JLL survey of
30. real estate companies:
– Principle schemes were identified if they had any
concise, targeted list of statements driving the
programme objectives or summarizing its essential
characteristics regardless of whether that list was called
principles, policy, framework, etc.
– Principle statements were not included if they were not
applicable to real estate/urban issues or did not focus in
significant part on sustainability.
– Sustainability programmes were not included if they did
not have a list of principle or principle-like statements,
regardless of how strong or accepted the programme.
– The identification process was limited by the public
availability of organizations’ sustainability strategies.
Some organizations/companies surveyed for which no
principles were found actually have principle or similar
initiatives, but do not make that information publically
available.
Figure 5 summarizes the number of principle initiatives
identified and analysed.
31. Figure 5: Number and Percentage of principle initiatives
Government/NGOs
(NUS)
Real Estate Companies
(JLL)
Total
Initiatives with “principle” in the title 6 / 9% 6 / 10% 12 /
10%
Principle and principle-like initiatives 13 / 19% 32 / 55% 45
/ 36%
Full number of organizations surveyed 67 / 100% 58 / 100%
125 / 100%
10 Environmental Sustainability Principles for the Real Estate
Industry
32. Statements of sustainability principles were largely retrieved
from material publically available, typically on organizational
websites. Several individuals working on sustainability issues
for real estate companies identified by Industry Agenda
Council Members were also contacted directly. Principle
documents obtained through this method were included in
the analysis, but they also led to conversations that revealed
a number of recurring themes.
– A number of companies have extensive sustainability
programmes in place, but do not have explicitly
developed principles or principle-like initiatives. This
finding was corroborated by web reviews of real estate
companies with strong sustainability programmes. This
gap in the development of such principles is an indicator
that the Council-developed principles could prove useful
for the industry.
– Several of the companies indicated that they were
currently in the process of developing their own
principles or policies – a potential indicator of growing
interest in this area.
– Many companies indicated that they are already
engaged in a number of other programmes with
33. significant reporting requirements. The implication of
this is that those companies might be less supportive
of principle initiatives that involved new reporting
requirements.
Below are out findings from analysis and examination of the
principles identified in the surveys, which point to a number
of common themes and issues:
– Companies with principle initiatives include investment
managers, REITs, real estate service providers, investors
and occupiers. Only one set of principles was from an
occupier – we assume that more occupiers are guided
by a set of principles, but that many such initiatives are
internal, without publicly available documentation. Since
the survey was targeted at the real estate sector, only
one of the non-occupier companies with an initiative
identified had significant business interests outside real
estate.
– Government and NGO principle initiatives from the NUS
list were from generally organizations focused on green
buildings, programmes/goals for cities/governments/
places, or corporate and real estate reporting.
34. – Almost half of the initiatives identified were from
companies or organizations that operate across multiple
continents. The ratio changed when we added several
more single-country firms from Asia and LatAM.
– The median number of principle statements per initiative
was six although there were some with as few as three
and as many as 17 initiatives.
– While the principle identification was geared toward
environmental sustainability principles, in line with
the Council’s stated goals, a number of sustainability
principle or principle-like initiatives that take a triple-
bottom-line or ESG approach to sustainability were
identified, as well. These initiatives put an emphasis
on social and environmental or social and governance
concerns, in addition to environmental.
– Principles initiatives were roughly evenly mixed as to
whether principle statements were organized around
business issues (13), environmental/sustainability issues
(12), or used both approaches (12). Companies were
slightly more likely to have initiatives organized around
business issues while the reverse was true for NGOs
and Government organisations. However, both sets of
35. organizations utilized both approaches.
- An example of a principle statement focused on a
business issue is this one from Oxford Properties:
“Innovation – We foster innovation in technology
and building management practices aimed at
higher levels of sustainability.”
- An example of a principle-like statement focused
on an environmental/sustainability issue is
this abbreviated one from DGNB: “Life Cycle
Assessment – Buildings generate emissions in
all phases of their life cycle, from manufacture
through use up to their end of life... The objective is
therefore to reduce buildings’ emissions throughout
their entire life cycle as much as possible.”
Figure 6: Wide Diversity of Environmental Issues Identified in
the Survey
Source: JLL, LaSalle.
*IEQ = Indoor Environmental Quality. Some principle sets
were about green building, so while underlying principles may
not have mentioned
green building, that does not indicate it is not given strong
36. attention.
11Environmental Sustainability Principles for the Real Estate
Industry
Figure 7: Number of principle initiatives identified
System Full Name Audience Major Sustainability
Issues
System for…
ULI – Greenprint Urban Land Institute –
Greenprint
Building owners/
operators/users
Climate change,
energy, water, waste
Data collection,
analysis,
37. benchmarking and
reporting
GRI – CRESS Global Reporting
Initiative – Construction
and Real Estate Sector
Supplement
Companies that invest
in/develop/construct/
manage buildings or
infrastructure
Economic,
environment, labour,
human rights, society,
product responsibility
Sustainability reporting
UN PRI United Nations
– Principles for
Responsible
Investment
38. Institutional investors Environmental, social,
governance
Signed principles +
reporting framework
GRESB Global Real Estate
Sustainability
Benchmark
Institutional Investors Energy, GHG, water,
waste
Sustainability
performance
benchmarking
Energy Star – Portfolio
Manager
Energy Star – Portfolio
Manager
Building owners/
operators/ users
39. Energy, water, GHG Tracking and
benchmarking
CDP Carbon Disclosure Investors and
companies (mostly)
Climate change, water,
forests
Measurement and
reporting
USGBC – LEED US Green Building
Council – Leadership
in Energy and
Environmental Design
Developers and
building owner/
operators/users
Green building Green building
certification
40. BREEAM Building Research
Establishment
Environmental
Assessment
Methodology
Developers and
building owner/
operators/users
Green building Green building
certification
WBCSD – EEB World Business
Council for Sustainable
Development – Energy
Efficiency in Buildings
Large building portfolio
owners/managers
Energy Decision-making/
overcoming barriers to
energy efficiency
41. ISO 14001 –
Environmental
Management
International
Organization of
Standardization
14001 – Environmental
Management
Companies [Varies] Framework for
development of
environmental
management systems
– The line between principles and criteria was often
blurred in the initiatives identified.
– The scope of implementation plans for the identified
initiatives varied widely. Some had none while others
had none stated but likely had implementation guidance
elsewhere. Some focused on assigning responsibility
while others focused on programmes or reporting.
Some utilized internal implementation/reporting
systems while others utilized external systems. The very
42. broad scope of these approaches makes it difficult to
summarize the approaches used. However, a table of
common/well-known existing global implementation and
reporting systems appears below. A number of these
are commonly used among the principle and principle-
like initiatives surveyed.
In summary, while there has clearly been a move to more
environmentally sustainable practices in real estate, many of
the sustainability statements and policies identified did not
make a clear distinction between the underlying principles
relating to the activities of those organizations and the
methods, measurement and monitoring that followed from
general aims.
This confirmed our view that a simple but powerful and
coherent set of principles for environmental sustainability
in the real estate sector would be valuable in shaping the
strategic decisions of real estate organisations in helping to
meet the commitments from COP21 and the aim of creating
a more sustainable economy.
12 Environmental Sustainability Principles for the Real Estate