The document summarizes the many elements that must come together to produce a theater event, including the playwright, producer, director, designers, actors, and technical staff. It describes the process of selecting these roles, designing sets and costumes, rehearsing, and coordinating all elements for the opening performance. The play discussed is A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams, with Elia Kazan as director and Marlon Brando in a breakthrough role.

1. Drama
Chapter 20
Daniel
Anggi
Yoseva
Ditha

2. Bringing The Elements Together
• Theater is a remarkable convergence of
human and artistic endeavors. This is
understood by the many elements that must
come together to produce a theater event.
• Theater also is a supreme example of this
phenomenon, because with the possible
exception of opera, it is the most complex of
the art.

3. The Playwright
The playwright is Williams.
William wrote everyday until he had finished the
play. The play just has few characters and it
takes in one setting. The theater which is
written by Williams is Modern Tragedy

4. The producer
Irene Selznick is the producer of this theater
William asked to Irene Selznick who will be a
producer. she was impressed by it and she asked
William to meet with her.
Producer also is called manager who is working
in publishing, ticketing and choose the Dierector.

5. The Director
The Director is Elia Kazan
the producer sought a director who could bring
out vividly not only the explosive, external
action of the play, but the complex, inner life of
characters. Kazan had been chosen as the
director. She had achieved great success
directing Thornton Wilder’s The skin of Our
Teeth

6. Selecting The Designer
The Designers are Jo and Lucinda
After choosing the Director Selznick next task
was to select the scenic, lighting, and costume
designer. The producer chose Jo Mielziner for
scenery lighting and Lucinda Ballard for
costume.

7. Working on The Script
Kazan as director, he has to determine the script
“ what the play is about” Kazan saw the play
basically as a clash between two lifestyle: poetic
values and manners.

8. The Designers begin Work
Mielziner as scenic and light designer had to wed or mix
or combine the aesthetic ideas – the style, mood, the
locale – to practical question such as playing areas for the
performers. He also had to consider the aesthetic and
practical aspects of lighting.
Ballard as costume designer, set to work to find the
proper clothes to suit not only the place and period of
the play but the personality of each characters. She
would later measure each performers carefully to see
that the costumes fit well and could be changed easily
when necessary.

9. The Characters
Kazan’s next concern was casting the parts. In
preparation for this, he prepared a careful
analysis of the play’s characters
They are: Blanche, Stanley, Stella and Mitch
Kazan will find people who will paly a role of
each character.

10. Audition ; Casting; Stage manager
After having a clear conception of play and
character Kazan has to be ready to hold
auditions. Stage manager had been hired, who,
as one of his first duties, organized and helped
conduct the auditions. In this theater there was
a case. Kazan chose John Garfield played as
Stanley Kowalski but he declined and then Kazan
cast a relatively unknown actor, Marlon Brando.
Jessica played as a Blanche and Kim hunter as
Stella and Karl Marden as Mitch.

11. Production; Rehearsal Schedules
One of main purpose of this meeting was to
prepare detailed production. The production
schedule reflects when sets will be built,
costumes sewn, furniture, light hung and so on.
The rehearsals schedule informs the performers
when, where, of what type and how long
rehearsal will be.

12. Rehearsal
It was the responsibility of the stage manager to
set up the rehearsal space with whatever was
needed to rehearse. At the beginning, the stage
manger arranged for a large table and chairs and
so forth.

13. The Producer at Work
The producer had been occupied with the
business and administrative side of production.
1. Pay all expenses
2. Rented Ethel Barrymore
3. Hired a general manager
4. Hired an advertising agency
5. He coordinated these activities with
budgetary requests of them.

14. Rehearsal in Theater
Kazan began to set or fix the staging. That is, he
set permanent patterns of movement to be
used in performance. Meanwhile the stage
manager had been assuming another important
responsibility: the preparation of the
production.

15. Technical and Dress Rehearsal
At these rehearsal the actors and actresses were
wearing parts of their costumes and using the
actual furniture and props to be used in
performance.
All the technical elements set, light, sound,
props, costumes, make up were being
coordinated at rehearsal which were followed by
dress to coordinate all technical and artistic
(acting) elements in the production.

16. The Audience at the First Performance
The play opened on Broadway December 3,
1947
This is the final combining of the elements, as
we have seen from the opening chapters.

17. Aspect of The Total Experience
The creators: risks and opportunities
The risks
The danger in theater is that the number of people
involved increases the chance of failure.
The opportunity
Is that many people are working together can
produce results that no one person working alone
ever could.

18. The audience : integrating the elements
The ultimate integration of a theater event takes
place in each spectators’ mind