This review explores the crucial nexus between financial
management and the learning environment within government-aided primary
schools in Ibanda Municipality, Uganda. Education in developing nations
heavily depends on the efficient allocation and utilization of funds, directly
impacting the quality of education and overall learning experience for
students. Drawing upon a comprehensive analysis of selected schools in
Ibanda Municipality, this review investigates the diverse financial
management strategies employed and their subsequent influence on essential
educational components, including infrastructure, teaching resources, and
student welfare. This review research revealed that there is a direct correlation
between effective financial management and the overall enhancement of the
learning environment. Schools with robust financial planning mechanisms
demonstrate improved infrastructure, better teacher-student ratios, and
enhanced availability of educational resources whereas those schools facing
financial constraints struggle to survive financially which affects the quality
of education. Moreover, this review sheds light on the challenges faced by
schools in resource allocation and highlights potential solutions to enhance
financial sustainability. It emphasizes the need for strategic financial
planning, transparent budgeting, and community involvement to ensure the
effective utilization of limited resources.
Effects of Alternative Sources of Financing Education on Provision of Teachin...paperpublications3
Abstract: This paper sought to examine the effects of alternative sources of financing education provision of teaching and learning resourcesin public secondary schools, guided by four objectives. To find out the contributions of alternative sources of income in financing education on provision of teaching and learning resources in public secondary schools in Trans-Nzoia East Sub County, to assess the extent to which the various alternative income sources of financing education are reliable and adequate to purchase quality teaching and learning resources in public secondary school, to find out to what extent alternatives sources of financing education are utilized to acquire quality teaching and learning resource in public secondary schools , to find out which strategies can be devised to improve alterative income sources of funding to enhance the financing of public secondary schools. Purposive sampling was used to select a target population of 62 respondents. Questionnaires were used as the main data collection instruments. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in data analysis aided by SPSS software. The major finding was that the alternative sources of financing education in public secondary schools are grossly inadequate and irregular and fraught with myriad of challenges.
Influence of Financial Support Services on Academic Performance of Secondary ...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: It’s noteworthy that whereas various mechanisms have been rolled out to mitigate runaway cost of schooling in Kenya, financing education especially in secondary schools remains out of reach for many parents in Kenya. The purpose of this study was to address this gap by examining financial support services on offer within schools and their influence on academic performance of protestant and catholic sponsored secondary schools in Trans-Nzoia County, Kenya. The study was guided by structural functional theory and adopted a cross-sectional descriptive survey research design under a mixed research design paradigm. A blend of sampling techniques that involved multiphase and stratified sampling was used to select schools while purposive sampling was used to select school management staff. Out of a sample frame of 192 schools, 92 were religious sponsored hence targeted for study. A sample size of 45 schools that had been in existence for 4years and above were selected and the 45 head teachers of these schools were principal respondents. Descriptive statistics used involved use of cross tabulations, frequencies and percentages while inferential statistics involved use of chi-square to test association between financial support services and academic performance of schools. The findings indicated that there is a significant relationship between some aspects of financial support services and students’ academic performance among religious sponsored schools. It was also established that the cost of education is still beyond the reach of ordinary students and there is need for the sponsor churches to deliberately target such needy students with specific financial support services that impact on the learner’s wellbeing and therefore academic performance. The study recommends that schools should be encouraged to have specific sponsor programmes packaged with specific financial support services either in cash or in- kind to cushion needy students.
Implications of Free Primary Education on KCPE Examinations Performance In Pu...paperpublications3
Abstract: The introduction of Free Primary Education in Kenya in 2003 increased enrolment from 5.9 million pupils to 7.6. By 2011, enrolment stood at 9.2 million pupils representing a 63% increase rate in nine years. It increased pupil to teacher ratio and pupil to textbook ratio. The Kenya certificate of primary education (KCPE) is crucial since it is the indicator of a child’s basic education. The objectives of the study were to: determine the effects of enrolment of pupils on KCPE examinations performance, determine the effects of pupil to teacher ratio on KCPE examinations performance, find out the effects of pupil to textbook ratio on KCPE examinations performance, determine whether there is any significant improvement of KCPE in public primary schools of Kemera Division after the introduction of FPE using a chi square analysis and find out the effects of physical facilities on KCPE examinations performance in public primary schools. The literature was reviewed using the sub themes from the objectives. The study used stratified random sampling and descriptive design. The instruments used were questionnaires, interview schedules, focused group discussions and observations checklist. The total target population was 18 primary schools, 8326 pupils, 204 teachers 18 Head teachers, 180 school committee members and 2 education officers. The total population sampled was 372.The target groups from whom data was collected were pupils of class 4-8, teachers, Head teachers, school committee members and educational officers in the Division. The sample size constituted of 250 pupils, 80 teachers, 30 committee members, 10 Head teachers and 2 education officers in the Division .The study found out that enrolment was high, schools had uneven distribution of teachers, pupil to textbook ratio was inadequate and physical facilities were not enough. Chi square analysis showed no significant improvement in KCPE performance in the schools of the Division after the introduction of FPE. The study recommended that disbursement of funds to be sent in time to cater for high enrolment, Teacher to pupil ratio to be improved, Pupil to textbook ratio to be at 1:1, physical facilities to be improved and these would bring quality education and good KCPE results. The results obtained would be useful in informing policy on the improvement of the KCPE performance in the Division.
Effects of Alternative Sources of Financing Education on Provision of Teachin...paperpublications3
Abstract: This paper sought to examine the effects of alternative sources of financing education provision of teaching and learning resourcesin public secondary schools, guided by four objectives. To find out the contributions of alternative sources of income in financing education on provision of teaching and learning resources in public secondary schools in Trans-Nzoia East Sub County, to assess the extent to which the various alternative income sources of financing education are reliable and adequate to purchase quality teaching and learning resources in public secondary school, to find out to what extent alternatives sources of financing education are utilized to acquire quality teaching and learning resource in public secondary schools , to find out which strategies can be devised to improve alterative income sources of funding to enhance the financing of public secondary schools. Purposive sampling was used to select a target population of 62 respondents. Questionnaires were used as the main data collection instruments. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in data analysis aided by SPSS software. The major finding was that the alternative sources of financing education in public secondary schools are grossly inadequate and irregular and fraught with myriad of challenges.
Influence of Financial Support Services on Academic Performance of Secondary ...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: It’s noteworthy that whereas various mechanisms have been rolled out to mitigate runaway cost of schooling in Kenya, financing education especially in secondary schools remains out of reach for many parents in Kenya. The purpose of this study was to address this gap by examining financial support services on offer within schools and their influence on academic performance of protestant and catholic sponsored secondary schools in Trans-Nzoia County, Kenya. The study was guided by structural functional theory and adopted a cross-sectional descriptive survey research design under a mixed research design paradigm. A blend of sampling techniques that involved multiphase and stratified sampling was used to select schools while purposive sampling was used to select school management staff. Out of a sample frame of 192 schools, 92 were religious sponsored hence targeted for study. A sample size of 45 schools that had been in existence for 4years and above were selected and the 45 head teachers of these schools were principal respondents. Descriptive statistics used involved use of cross tabulations, frequencies and percentages while inferential statistics involved use of chi-square to test association between financial support services and academic performance of schools. The findings indicated that there is a significant relationship between some aspects of financial support services and students’ academic performance among religious sponsored schools. It was also established that the cost of education is still beyond the reach of ordinary students and there is need for the sponsor churches to deliberately target such needy students with specific financial support services that impact on the learner’s wellbeing and therefore academic performance. The study recommends that schools should be encouraged to have specific sponsor programmes packaged with specific financial support services either in cash or in- kind to cushion needy students.
Implications of Free Primary Education on KCPE Examinations Performance In Pu...paperpublications3
Abstract: The introduction of Free Primary Education in Kenya in 2003 increased enrolment from 5.9 million pupils to 7.6. By 2011, enrolment stood at 9.2 million pupils representing a 63% increase rate in nine years. It increased pupil to teacher ratio and pupil to textbook ratio. The Kenya certificate of primary education (KCPE) is crucial since it is the indicator of a child’s basic education. The objectives of the study were to: determine the effects of enrolment of pupils on KCPE examinations performance, determine the effects of pupil to teacher ratio on KCPE examinations performance, find out the effects of pupil to textbook ratio on KCPE examinations performance, determine whether there is any significant improvement of KCPE in public primary schools of Kemera Division after the introduction of FPE using a chi square analysis and find out the effects of physical facilities on KCPE examinations performance in public primary schools. The literature was reviewed using the sub themes from the objectives. The study used stratified random sampling and descriptive design. The instruments used were questionnaires, interview schedules, focused group discussions and observations checklist. The total target population was 18 primary schools, 8326 pupils, 204 teachers 18 Head teachers, 180 school committee members and 2 education officers. The total population sampled was 372.The target groups from whom data was collected were pupils of class 4-8, teachers, Head teachers, school committee members and educational officers in the Division. The sample size constituted of 250 pupils, 80 teachers, 30 committee members, 10 Head teachers and 2 education officers in the Division .The study found out that enrolment was high, schools had uneven distribution of teachers, pupil to textbook ratio was inadequate and physical facilities were not enough. Chi square analysis showed no significant improvement in KCPE performance in the schools of the Division after the introduction of FPE. The study recommended that disbursement of funds to be sent in time to cater for high enrolment, Teacher to pupil ratio to be improved, Pupil to textbook ratio to be at 1:1, physical facilities to be improved and these would bring quality education and good KCPE results. The results obtained would be useful in informing policy on the improvement of the KCPE performance in the Division.
Effect of Government Spending on the Nigerian Educationijtsrd
Over the years, the quality of education offered in Nigeria has been affected by poor attendance and inadequate preparation by teachers at all levels. The morale of teachers has been low due to poor condition of service, low salaries and poor physical facilities such as libraries, laboratories, modern communication and Information technology equipments. The research work investigates the effect of government expenditure on the growth of the education sector in Nigeria. The research work employs both descriptive and inferential statistical analysis particularly the multiple regression estimating technique. Two models are formulated to examine this. The first model used average school enrollment as proxy for education growth while the share of the education sector in the GDP is used to proxy education sector growth in the second model. The independent variables are recurrent the total government recurrent expenditure, the total capital education and the GDP. The study made use of secondary data from 1987 2019. The result shows that recurrent expenditure does not have significant impact on the share of education sector in the GDP while it has significant and negative relationship with average school enrollment. On the other hand capital expenditure does not have significant impact on the average school enrolment but it does on share of education sector in the GDP. The implication of the result is that enrollment growth in the education sector in Nigeria does not correspond with the recurrent expenditure in Nigeria. Also the capital expenditure in terms of provision of educational and infrastructural facilities has not been having significant impact on the volume of school enrollment in Nigeria. This study has added to the literature calling for the increase in funding of the education sector in Nigeria. Oguntuase, Adeniyi "Effect of Government Spending on the Nigerian Education" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49484.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/49484/effect-of-government-spending-on-the-nigerian-education/oguntuase-adeniyi
Senior Secondary Students' inability to draw a significant difference between
these school subjects, which lead to their ceaseless absence in the class is a
critical issue that calls for an investigation. This research examined teachers'
and student’s assessment of the level of relatedness of Civic education and
Government as a school subject in Kwara State. A correlational form of a
survey was adopted, civic education and government teachers and students in
the senior schools in the three Senatorial districts were the populations. A
multi-stage sampling procedure was employed in the selection of 63
Government and Civic education teachers and 606 students. A questionnaire
with content validity and a reliability index of 0.87 and 0.76 respectively was
used for eliciting the data. The analyses were done using descriptive and
inferential statistics. Findings revealed that the two-school subject was very
related in all ramifications, with a pass in one leading to a pass in the other. It
was recommended that the curriculum planner should collapse the
curriculum and contents of the two subjects into one rather than overburden
the school timetable.
Parental Funding and Learner Retention in Free Day Secondary Education in Bus...ijtsrd
The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of parental funding on learner retention in Secondary schools. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design with its population drawn from principals, class teachers and students’ representatives giving a target population of 1340. Yamane formula was used to select a suitable sample of 308 to represent the study population in data collection. Data collection instruments that were be used in the study included the questionnaire, interview schedules and document analysis. Reliability of the instruments was determined through test retest method and a Cronbach Alpha coefficient of 0.734 was computed, which was considered sufficient for use of the questionnaires in the actual study. To attain validity of the research instruments the researcher sought for opinions from the colleagues and experts. Data was analyzed using frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviation Spearman’s correlation and linear regression statistics. The study concluded that parental funding has statistically significant effects on learner retention in schools. Thus, learners whose parents provide money for levies required in schools stand better chances of successfully completing the secondary level of education. Phaustine Barasa | Stanley Mutsotso | Simon Kipkenei "Parental Funding and Learner Retention in Free Day Secondary Education in Busia County, Kenya" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52616.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/52616/parental-funding-and-learner-retention-in-free-day-secondary-education-in-busia-county-kenya/phaustine-barasa
Applying Human Rights Standards to Privatization of Education in UgandaPERIGlobal
Salima Namusobya works for the Initiative for Economic and Social Rights (ISER), a domestic NGO in Uganda which researches and advocates for the realisation of economic and social rights. ISER has been working on privatisation in education since August 2014.
In Uganda, about 80% of children attend private schools in the capital, Kampala. Across the country, private education is growing fast, including in low-income areas, where ‘low-cost’ private schools are mushrooming.
To better understand the situation, ISER conducted preliminary research in August 2014, involving interviews, a survey, literature review and statistical analysis. The aim of the research was to assess the situation against human rights principles, drawn from international law.
The results of this research have been discussed in workshops and presented in reports the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights and to the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR).
In this presentation Salima presents the initial results of ISER’s research, and discuss the list of issues that the CESCR released, as well what the political and social impacts. I
Socio Cultural Factors and Retention of Boy Child in Public Primary Schools i...ijtsrd
Retention in school has positive consequences for individuals throughout their lives. This study presents the current factors that contribute to retention of boy child in public primary school, with a view of getting possible solution for countering the problems that causes boy child not to retain in school. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of the socio cultural factors on retention of boy child in public primary schools in Turkana West Sub County. The research was guided by the classical liberal theory of equal opportunity. The research adopted a descriptive survey method. This design was considered appropriate because data was collected at one point in time across many individuals. The target population of the study comprised of 62 Head Teachers, 62 Deputy Head Teachers, 62 Senior Teachers and 62 Guidance and Counseling Teachers. The 14 Chiefs of Turkana West Sub County were also included as part of key informants in the study. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists SPSS . Quantitative data collected was analyzed by use of descriptive statistics to generate percentages, means, standard deviations and frequencies. Inferential statistics was done using linear regression model. The study results were presented using tables and figures. The findings for the study demonstrated that socio cultural factors have a negative effects on boy child retention in public primary schools in Turkana West Sub County. Itao Erukudi Titus | Sarah Likoko | Jane Barasa "Socio-Cultural Factors and Retention of Boy Child in Public Primary Schools in Turkana West Sub-County, Kenya" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59772.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/59772/sociocultural-factors-and-retention-of-boy-child-in-public-primary-schools-in-turkana-west-subcounty-kenya/itao-erukudi-titus
School Based Factors Affecting Quality of Education in Primary Schools in Kak...paperpublications3
Abstract: Quality of education and retention of learners should be the commitment of every educational system. Yet institutions have their unique characteristics that either facilitate or hinder the achievement of universal primary educational goals. Individual schools therefore initiate their own mechanisms, unique or used by other institutions to ensure quality in schools. The study focused on school based factors influence quality of education in primary schools. This is because much of the research done has focused mainly on the challenges faced by school in addressing Free Primary Education (FPE). The specific objectives of the research were to establish school based factors that influence quality of education in primary schools. The study was conducted in Kakamega North District with head teachers and teachers of all primary schools within the District forming study population. A descriptive survey research design was applied. The respondents were selected using probability sampling techniques. The sample size represented 30% of the total study population. This comprised of 33 head teachers and deputy head teachers and 357 teachers selected from 110 schools within the district. Questionnaires, observation checklists and document analysis were used to collect data. Data collected was organised, coded and entered with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Data was analysed descriptively using frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviations. The presentation of data is made through use of tables, pie charts and graphs. The study findings show that quality and retention challenges brought by the implementation of free primary education in Kakamega primary schools are still prevalent. Understaffing, overcrowded classrooms, inadequate syllabus coverage, inadequate classrooms, inadequate instructional materials and inadequate lesson preparations as some of the factors that impacted on quality of education in schools. The study recommends that head teachers, teachers, parents and government need to put measures that will address quality challenges in schools to ensure the realisation and sustainability of Universal Primary Education (UPE) and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
Influence of Pupil-teacher Ratio on Performance in Kenya Certificate of Prima...inventionjournals
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence pupil-teacher ratio on KCPE performance in Kitise Division, Makueni County. The study used descriptive survey design. The target population comprised of 24 head teachers and 172 teachers. The sample for the study was 24 head teachers and 119 teachers. This study used questionnaires to collect data while descriptive statistics were used to analyze data. Findings revealed that high pupil-teacher ratio in the schools affected KCPE performance. Based on the findings of the study it is recommended that the government should employ more teachers to counteract the high number of pupils in schools so that performance can be improved. It is also recommended that the government should build more primary schools to decongest existing ones in Makueni County.
Children’s Participation in Schooling and Education in Pastoralist Woredas of...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Pastoralists are among the marginalized groups of society who live in a marginalized environment and whose livelihood is exposed to the vagaries of climate and harsh environmental conditions. This study explores into impediments of pastoral children’s participation into schooling and education with particular emphasis on the primary school of selected Woreda, Afar Zone. To achieve this purpose, a qualitative research method was employed. Participants of the study were selected by employing purposive sampling mainly on the basis of their roles related to schooling. Seven members of parent teacher associations, 20 teachers, 4 school principals, 14 education experts and officials, a total of 45 respondents took part in the study. Data were collected through the use of different instruments: Strutted interview, focus group discussion, and document review and observation checklist. The data obtained through these data collection instruments were analysed thematically. The steps involved were organizing and preparing data for analysis, reading through all data, coding, generating a description of the settings and people and identifying categories or themes for analysis, representing descriptions and themes in the qualitative narrative and interpretation. The study identified several cultural and economic barriers such as early marriage, lack of interest for modern education, parental level of education, mobility, child labor, poverty and finance. The results also showed that existence of both supply and demand side constraints. Problem of funding, inability to attract and retain qualified teaching staff, poorly equipped schools and community perception of modern education as a threat to pastoralist way of life were the major supply related shortcomings. The demand side limitations were identified as dispersed settlement patterns, demand for child labour, bride-price and peer pressure. Mandatory seasonal mobility, frequent conflicts and conflict induced displacement were cited as the most pronounced disenabling features.Drought and harsh weather were the driving forces of mobility. Competition over water sources and pastureland coupled with border dispute and cattle raid were identified as the long standing causes of armed conflict which in turn result in school activity disruption. Thus, based on the findings, recommendation is made to planners and policymakers so as to alleviate the observed shortcomings. Improving quality of school facilities, sensitization campaign on the benefits of education, blended mode of delivery, peace dialogue to arrest recurring conflicts, self-proof of schools about their worthiness to the local community and rethinking of teacher incentive mechanisms are some of the important propositions made in view to avert the long standing legacy of educational under representation of the Afar pastoralist communities in Ethiopia.
This study sought to come up with intervention measures that could be put in
place to mitigate the challenges experienced in non-formal schools to
enhance safety and security of children. Purposive sampling was used to
select Nairobi City County and all the pre-primary schools attached to nonformal
schools in informal settlements in the county and the head
teachers/managers and teachers working in these pre-primary schools. A
sample size of 54 pre-primary schools was selected. A total number of 136
participants from the sampled pre-primary schools participated in the study
comprising of 78 preschool teachers, 54 head teachers, and four education
officers. The findings revealed various intervention measures by participants
such as intervention by: county government, school management such as
picking and dropping children, fencing school and having lockable gates.
Parental Involvement in Secondary Education Processes and Effectiveness of Sc...ijtsrd
Results of academic performance may depend on parental involvement in Schools and the ability of the school administrators to influence parents. Lekepih Vincent Fossung "Parental Involvement in Secondary Education Processes and Effectiveness of School Administration" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38439.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/38439/parental-involvement-in-secondary-education-processes-and-effectiveness-of-school-administration/lekepih-vincent-fossung
Roderick Hooks 4
Roderick Hooks
EN 106
2/6/2020
Inequality in American Schools
Puritans of Massachusetts established the first public school and decided that these schools will get funds from property-tax receipts. Initially, the system of using property tax to fund local school was performing equally. In her article, XXX argues that education is unequal in the United States because students from poor district perform at levels several grades below those from the richer district. This is because of inequality in the money supplies to schools to fund public schools. Public schools are financed by different states depending on their contribution to tax collection. Most of the poor districts contribute low property tax because properties are less valued and only poor people stay in those districts. Because of this, public utilities such as schools lack adequate resources to support learning. The standard measure for economic hardship does not present the magnitude of the learning gap between poorest and richest students. The federal government and education sector in the United States needs to formulate policies that support the implementation of equal acts.
Public education became mandatory at the end of the 19th century and the responsibility for educating students was given to states rather than the national government. States gave more money for schools, even for schools that relied on property tax. However, regional disparities that arose due to increased urbanization lead to inequalities in schools. Areas with less valued properties or poor families had less money available for schools. As a result, schools in poor districts had fewer resources to support education. In the early 20th century, states started to provide grants to all districts to ensure equitable funding. Nonetheless, wealthier districts increased property values making the state subsidies to increased, hence, causing more education disparities. Advocates and activists have filed claims to push for equality in the American education system. Most of these efforts failed due to opposition in the Congress, the audience for this essay is to inform the federal government and local government that poor districts where most of the disadvantages students come from need more money to finance their education.
States should design a formula that will allow districts to share revenues for education to be more equitable. My argument is that states should give poor district enough money for disadvantaged students to have the ability to perform as wealthier students. Students in wealthier district have access to school psychologists, personal laptops, up-to-date exercise books, and counsellors. High-poverty areas do not access these resources. These areas have more students who need extra help, yet they have fewer tutors, guidance counsellors, and psychologists (Semuels, p1). They also have poorly paid teachers, bigger classes size, and poor facilities. This situation is experie ...
Academic Journal Writing and Types of Journals.pdfssuser793b4e
Academic journal writing serves as the lifeblood of scholarly communication, fostering the
dissemination of knowledge and innovation within various academic disciplines. This
seminar paper provides a comprehensive exploration of the significance of academic journal
writing and an in-depth analysis of the diverse types of scholarly journals available. The
paper delves into the fundamental structure and components of academic journal articles,
emphasizing their pivotal role in presenting original research, conducting literature reviews,
and fostering academic discourse. Additionally, it outlines the distinct characteristics of
various types of journals, including research journals, review journals, scholarly versus trade
journals, open access journals, and interdisciplinary journals. Furthermore, the seminar
paper offers crucial insights into the selection criteria for appropriate journals, highlighting
considerations such as scope, audience, impact factor, and adherence to submission
guidelines. Understanding these factors aids researchers, scholars, and academics in
effectively navigating the complex landscape of academic publishing, ensuring the
successful dissemination of their work within their respective fields. This seminar paper
serves as a valuable guide for individuals involved in academic research, offering a
comprehensive understanding of academic journal writing and equipping them with the
knowledge necessary to navigate the scholarly publishing landscape effectively. This
abstract encapsulates the key points and objectives covered in the seminar paper on
academic journal writing and types of journals, providing a concise overview of its contents
and significance within the academic community
The Differences between Single Diode Model and Double Diode Models of a Solar...ssuser793b4e
This research paper systematically reviewed and investigated single
diode model and double diode model of a solar photovoltaic systems in terms
of accuracy, differences under major unknown PV parameters, different
optimization and fabrication. This research paper reviewed the differences and
the similarities between the single diode model and double diode model. From
the review, it was clear that single diode model has less computation time and
number of unknown parameters compared to double diode model. The double
diode model on its own superiority is more accurate under solar shading
condition effect than single diode model but single diode model performs
better under high insolation levels. None of the two models is superior than
the other but the solar photovoltaic modelers/installers should bear the solar
irradiance of the environment before installation
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Effect of Government Spending on the Nigerian Educationijtsrd
Over the years, the quality of education offered in Nigeria has been affected by poor attendance and inadequate preparation by teachers at all levels. The morale of teachers has been low due to poor condition of service, low salaries and poor physical facilities such as libraries, laboratories, modern communication and Information technology equipments. The research work investigates the effect of government expenditure on the growth of the education sector in Nigeria. The research work employs both descriptive and inferential statistical analysis particularly the multiple regression estimating technique. Two models are formulated to examine this. The first model used average school enrollment as proxy for education growth while the share of the education sector in the GDP is used to proxy education sector growth in the second model. The independent variables are recurrent the total government recurrent expenditure, the total capital education and the GDP. The study made use of secondary data from 1987 2019. The result shows that recurrent expenditure does not have significant impact on the share of education sector in the GDP while it has significant and negative relationship with average school enrollment. On the other hand capital expenditure does not have significant impact on the average school enrolment but it does on share of education sector in the GDP. The implication of the result is that enrollment growth in the education sector in Nigeria does not correspond with the recurrent expenditure in Nigeria. Also the capital expenditure in terms of provision of educational and infrastructural facilities has not been having significant impact on the volume of school enrollment in Nigeria. This study has added to the literature calling for the increase in funding of the education sector in Nigeria. Oguntuase, Adeniyi "Effect of Government Spending on the Nigerian Education" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49484.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/49484/effect-of-government-spending-on-the-nigerian-education/oguntuase-adeniyi
Senior Secondary Students' inability to draw a significant difference between
these school subjects, which lead to their ceaseless absence in the class is a
critical issue that calls for an investigation. This research examined teachers'
and student’s assessment of the level of relatedness of Civic education and
Government as a school subject in Kwara State. A correlational form of a
survey was adopted, civic education and government teachers and students in
the senior schools in the three Senatorial districts were the populations. A
multi-stage sampling procedure was employed in the selection of 63
Government and Civic education teachers and 606 students. A questionnaire
with content validity and a reliability index of 0.87 and 0.76 respectively was
used for eliciting the data. The analyses were done using descriptive and
inferential statistics. Findings revealed that the two-school subject was very
related in all ramifications, with a pass in one leading to a pass in the other. It
was recommended that the curriculum planner should collapse the
curriculum and contents of the two subjects into one rather than overburden
the school timetable.
Parental Funding and Learner Retention in Free Day Secondary Education in Bus...ijtsrd
The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of parental funding on learner retention in Secondary schools. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design with its population drawn from principals, class teachers and students’ representatives giving a target population of 1340. Yamane formula was used to select a suitable sample of 308 to represent the study population in data collection. Data collection instruments that were be used in the study included the questionnaire, interview schedules and document analysis. Reliability of the instruments was determined through test retest method and a Cronbach Alpha coefficient of 0.734 was computed, which was considered sufficient for use of the questionnaires in the actual study. To attain validity of the research instruments the researcher sought for opinions from the colleagues and experts. Data was analyzed using frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviation Spearman’s correlation and linear regression statistics. The study concluded that parental funding has statistically significant effects on learner retention in schools. Thus, learners whose parents provide money for levies required in schools stand better chances of successfully completing the secondary level of education. Phaustine Barasa | Stanley Mutsotso | Simon Kipkenei "Parental Funding and Learner Retention in Free Day Secondary Education in Busia County, Kenya" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52616.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/52616/parental-funding-and-learner-retention-in-free-day-secondary-education-in-busia-county-kenya/phaustine-barasa
Applying Human Rights Standards to Privatization of Education in UgandaPERIGlobal
Salima Namusobya works for the Initiative for Economic and Social Rights (ISER), a domestic NGO in Uganda which researches and advocates for the realisation of economic and social rights. ISER has been working on privatisation in education since August 2014.
In Uganda, about 80% of children attend private schools in the capital, Kampala. Across the country, private education is growing fast, including in low-income areas, where ‘low-cost’ private schools are mushrooming.
To better understand the situation, ISER conducted preliminary research in August 2014, involving interviews, a survey, literature review and statistical analysis. The aim of the research was to assess the situation against human rights principles, drawn from international law.
The results of this research have been discussed in workshops and presented in reports the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights and to the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR).
In this presentation Salima presents the initial results of ISER’s research, and discuss the list of issues that the CESCR released, as well what the political and social impacts. I
Socio Cultural Factors and Retention of Boy Child in Public Primary Schools i...ijtsrd
Retention in school has positive consequences for individuals throughout their lives. This study presents the current factors that contribute to retention of boy child in public primary school, with a view of getting possible solution for countering the problems that causes boy child not to retain in school. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of the socio cultural factors on retention of boy child in public primary schools in Turkana West Sub County. The research was guided by the classical liberal theory of equal opportunity. The research adopted a descriptive survey method. This design was considered appropriate because data was collected at one point in time across many individuals. The target population of the study comprised of 62 Head Teachers, 62 Deputy Head Teachers, 62 Senior Teachers and 62 Guidance and Counseling Teachers. The 14 Chiefs of Turkana West Sub County were also included as part of key informants in the study. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists SPSS . Quantitative data collected was analyzed by use of descriptive statistics to generate percentages, means, standard deviations and frequencies. Inferential statistics was done using linear regression model. The study results were presented using tables and figures. The findings for the study demonstrated that socio cultural factors have a negative effects on boy child retention in public primary schools in Turkana West Sub County. Itao Erukudi Titus | Sarah Likoko | Jane Barasa "Socio-Cultural Factors and Retention of Boy Child in Public Primary Schools in Turkana West Sub-County, Kenya" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59772.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/59772/sociocultural-factors-and-retention-of-boy-child-in-public-primary-schools-in-turkana-west-subcounty-kenya/itao-erukudi-titus
School Based Factors Affecting Quality of Education in Primary Schools in Kak...paperpublications3
Abstract: Quality of education and retention of learners should be the commitment of every educational system. Yet institutions have their unique characteristics that either facilitate or hinder the achievement of universal primary educational goals. Individual schools therefore initiate their own mechanisms, unique or used by other institutions to ensure quality in schools. The study focused on school based factors influence quality of education in primary schools. This is because much of the research done has focused mainly on the challenges faced by school in addressing Free Primary Education (FPE). The specific objectives of the research were to establish school based factors that influence quality of education in primary schools. The study was conducted in Kakamega North District with head teachers and teachers of all primary schools within the District forming study population. A descriptive survey research design was applied. The respondents were selected using probability sampling techniques. The sample size represented 30% of the total study population. This comprised of 33 head teachers and deputy head teachers and 357 teachers selected from 110 schools within the district. Questionnaires, observation checklists and document analysis were used to collect data. Data collected was organised, coded and entered with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Data was analysed descriptively using frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviations. The presentation of data is made through use of tables, pie charts and graphs. The study findings show that quality and retention challenges brought by the implementation of free primary education in Kakamega primary schools are still prevalent. Understaffing, overcrowded classrooms, inadequate syllabus coverage, inadequate classrooms, inadequate instructional materials and inadequate lesson preparations as some of the factors that impacted on quality of education in schools. The study recommends that head teachers, teachers, parents and government need to put measures that will address quality challenges in schools to ensure the realisation and sustainability of Universal Primary Education (UPE) and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
Influence of Pupil-teacher Ratio on Performance in Kenya Certificate of Prima...inventionjournals
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence pupil-teacher ratio on KCPE performance in Kitise Division, Makueni County. The study used descriptive survey design. The target population comprised of 24 head teachers and 172 teachers. The sample for the study was 24 head teachers and 119 teachers. This study used questionnaires to collect data while descriptive statistics were used to analyze data. Findings revealed that high pupil-teacher ratio in the schools affected KCPE performance. Based on the findings of the study it is recommended that the government should employ more teachers to counteract the high number of pupils in schools so that performance can be improved. It is also recommended that the government should build more primary schools to decongest existing ones in Makueni County.
Children’s Participation in Schooling and Education in Pastoralist Woredas of...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Pastoralists are among the marginalized groups of society who live in a marginalized environment and whose livelihood is exposed to the vagaries of climate and harsh environmental conditions. This study explores into impediments of pastoral children’s participation into schooling and education with particular emphasis on the primary school of selected Woreda, Afar Zone. To achieve this purpose, a qualitative research method was employed. Participants of the study were selected by employing purposive sampling mainly on the basis of their roles related to schooling. Seven members of parent teacher associations, 20 teachers, 4 school principals, 14 education experts and officials, a total of 45 respondents took part in the study. Data were collected through the use of different instruments: Strutted interview, focus group discussion, and document review and observation checklist. The data obtained through these data collection instruments were analysed thematically. The steps involved were organizing and preparing data for analysis, reading through all data, coding, generating a description of the settings and people and identifying categories or themes for analysis, representing descriptions and themes in the qualitative narrative and interpretation. The study identified several cultural and economic barriers such as early marriage, lack of interest for modern education, parental level of education, mobility, child labor, poverty and finance. The results also showed that existence of both supply and demand side constraints. Problem of funding, inability to attract and retain qualified teaching staff, poorly equipped schools and community perception of modern education as a threat to pastoralist way of life were the major supply related shortcomings. The demand side limitations were identified as dispersed settlement patterns, demand for child labour, bride-price and peer pressure. Mandatory seasonal mobility, frequent conflicts and conflict induced displacement were cited as the most pronounced disenabling features.Drought and harsh weather were the driving forces of mobility. Competition over water sources and pastureland coupled with border dispute and cattle raid were identified as the long standing causes of armed conflict which in turn result in school activity disruption. Thus, based on the findings, recommendation is made to planners and policymakers so as to alleviate the observed shortcomings. Improving quality of school facilities, sensitization campaign on the benefits of education, blended mode of delivery, peace dialogue to arrest recurring conflicts, self-proof of schools about their worthiness to the local community and rethinking of teacher incentive mechanisms are some of the important propositions made in view to avert the long standing legacy of educational under representation of the Afar pastoralist communities in Ethiopia.
This study sought to come up with intervention measures that could be put in
place to mitigate the challenges experienced in non-formal schools to
enhance safety and security of children. Purposive sampling was used to
select Nairobi City County and all the pre-primary schools attached to nonformal
schools in informal settlements in the county and the head
teachers/managers and teachers working in these pre-primary schools. A
sample size of 54 pre-primary schools was selected. A total number of 136
participants from the sampled pre-primary schools participated in the study
comprising of 78 preschool teachers, 54 head teachers, and four education
officers. The findings revealed various intervention measures by participants
such as intervention by: county government, school management such as
picking and dropping children, fencing school and having lockable gates.
Parental Involvement in Secondary Education Processes and Effectiveness of Sc...ijtsrd
Results of academic performance may depend on parental involvement in Schools and the ability of the school administrators to influence parents. Lekepih Vincent Fossung "Parental Involvement in Secondary Education Processes and Effectiveness of School Administration" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38439.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/38439/parental-involvement-in-secondary-education-processes-and-effectiveness-of-school-administration/lekepih-vincent-fossung
Roderick Hooks 4
Roderick Hooks
EN 106
2/6/2020
Inequality in American Schools
Puritans of Massachusetts established the first public school and decided that these schools will get funds from property-tax receipts. Initially, the system of using property tax to fund local school was performing equally. In her article, XXX argues that education is unequal in the United States because students from poor district perform at levels several grades below those from the richer district. This is because of inequality in the money supplies to schools to fund public schools. Public schools are financed by different states depending on their contribution to tax collection. Most of the poor districts contribute low property tax because properties are less valued and only poor people stay in those districts. Because of this, public utilities such as schools lack adequate resources to support learning. The standard measure for economic hardship does not present the magnitude of the learning gap between poorest and richest students. The federal government and education sector in the United States needs to formulate policies that support the implementation of equal acts.
Public education became mandatory at the end of the 19th century and the responsibility for educating students was given to states rather than the national government. States gave more money for schools, even for schools that relied on property tax. However, regional disparities that arose due to increased urbanization lead to inequalities in schools. Areas with less valued properties or poor families had less money available for schools. As a result, schools in poor districts had fewer resources to support education. In the early 20th century, states started to provide grants to all districts to ensure equitable funding. Nonetheless, wealthier districts increased property values making the state subsidies to increased, hence, causing more education disparities. Advocates and activists have filed claims to push for equality in the American education system. Most of these efforts failed due to opposition in the Congress, the audience for this essay is to inform the federal government and local government that poor districts where most of the disadvantages students come from need more money to finance their education.
States should design a formula that will allow districts to share revenues for education to be more equitable. My argument is that states should give poor district enough money for disadvantaged students to have the ability to perform as wealthier students. Students in wealthier district have access to school psychologists, personal laptops, up-to-date exercise books, and counsellors. High-poverty areas do not access these resources. These areas have more students who need extra help, yet they have fewer tutors, guidance counsellors, and psychologists (Semuels, p1). They also have poorly paid teachers, bigger classes size, and poor facilities. This situation is experie ...
Academic Journal Writing and Types of Journals.pdfssuser793b4e
Academic journal writing serves as the lifeblood of scholarly communication, fostering the
dissemination of knowledge and innovation within various academic disciplines. This
seminar paper provides a comprehensive exploration of the significance of academic journal
writing and an in-depth analysis of the diverse types of scholarly journals available. The
paper delves into the fundamental structure and components of academic journal articles,
emphasizing their pivotal role in presenting original research, conducting literature reviews,
and fostering academic discourse. Additionally, it outlines the distinct characteristics of
various types of journals, including research journals, review journals, scholarly versus trade
journals, open access journals, and interdisciplinary journals. Furthermore, the seminar
paper offers crucial insights into the selection criteria for appropriate journals, highlighting
considerations such as scope, audience, impact factor, and adherence to submission
guidelines. Understanding these factors aids researchers, scholars, and academics in
effectively navigating the complex landscape of academic publishing, ensuring the
successful dissemination of their work within their respective fields. This seminar paper
serves as a valuable guide for individuals involved in academic research, offering a
comprehensive understanding of academic journal writing and equipping them with the
knowledge necessary to navigate the scholarly publishing landscape effectively. This
abstract encapsulates the key points and objectives covered in the seminar paper on
academic journal writing and types of journals, providing a concise overview of its contents
and significance within the academic community
The Differences between Single Diode Model and Double Diode Models of a Solar...ssuser793b4e
This research paper systematically reviewed and investigated single
diode model and double diode model of a solar photovoltaic systems in terms
of accuracy, differences under major unknown PV parameters, different
optimization and fabrication. This research paper reviewed the differences and
the similarities between the single diode model and double diode model. From
the review, it was clear that single diode model has less computation time and
number of unknown parameters compared to double diode model. The double
diode model on its own superiority is more accurate under solar shading
condition effect than single diode model but single diode model performs
better under high insolation levels. None of the two models is superior than
the other but the solar photovoltaic modelers/installers should bear the solar
irradiance of the environment before installation
Redefining Academic Performance Metrics Evaluating the Excellence of Research...ssuser793b4e
The Redefining Academic Performance Metrics: Evaluating the Excellence of Researchers, Academics, and Scholars
explores the evolving landscape of academia, focusing on the shift from traditional metrics like publication and
citation counts to a more inclusive, open, and equitable approach. The study acknowledges the limitations of
traditional metrics and celebrates pioneers in shaping the future of scholarly endeavors, highlighting the importance
of inclusivity, openness, and equitable evaluations in assessing academic excellence.
Qualities and Characteristics of a Good Scientific Research.pdfssuser793b4e
Many young researchers find it difficult to write a good and quality research thesis/article
because they are not prone to article writing ethics and training. Yet, a thesis/publication is
often vital and paramount for career advancement, grants, academic qualifications and
others. This research work described the basics and systematic steps to follow in writing a
good scientific thesis/article. This research also outlined the main sections that an average
thesis/article should contain, the elements that should appear in each section, the systematic
approaches in writing research, the characteristics of a good thesis/article, the attributes of
a good research thesis/article, qualities of a good researcher and finally the ethics guiding
research
Maximizing Journal Article Impact Strategies for Enhanced Visibility in Today...ssuser793b4e
In the dynamic realm of academia, researchers face the dual challenge of generating
groundbreaking insights and ensuring widespread visibility for their contributions. This
article explores the evolving strategies employed by researchers to enhance the visibility of
their journal articles in the changing landscape of academic technology. Online publishing
platforms have transformed scholarly communication, democratizing knowledge through
open-access journals, preprint servers, and institutional repositories. Beyond traditional
metrics, we delve into innovative methods, collaboration, and technology-driven solutions
that amplify the reach and impact of scholarly articles. Visibility extends beyond
dissemination, encapsulating the art of captivating diverse audiences and transcending
disciplinary boundaries. This research article illuminates the path towards heightened
visibility, empowering researchers to contribute to the collective tapestry of knowledge
through means such as Academia.edu, ISSUU, Scribd, ResearchGate, social media, Search
Engine Optimization (SEO), and ORCID. Enhanced visibility offers multifaceted advantages,
including increased citations, higher impact factors, knowledge dissemination, international
collaboration, career advancement, public engagement, and job opportunities within the
scholarly community. Researchers are equipped with the insights needed to thrive in the
evolving landscape of journal article visibility in the digital cosmos.
Impact of Urban Planning on Household Poverty Reduction in Uganda A Review.pdfssuser793b4e
The study analyzed the impact of urban planning on reducing household poverty in
Uganda. It found that both negative and positive factors significantly influence household
poverty. The study also identified five key factors that contribute to household poverty:
social services, research and development, employment, and investment. The findings
suggest that urban planners should align their policies with government policies when
allocating resources to reduce poverty caused by unplanned urbanization. The study
recommends that urban planners work to improve the quality of life for households in
Uganda
Government Interventions and Household Poverty in Uganda A Comprehensive Revi...ssuser793b4e
This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted impact of government interventions
on household poverty in Uganda, a nation grappling with socio-economic challenges.
Through an in-depth analysis of diverse policies and programs implemented by the
Ugandan government, this study examines their efficacy in alleviating poverty and
enhancing the overall well-being of households. Drawing upon a wide array of scholarly
articles, policy documents, and empirical studies, the research assesses the effectiveness
of interventions such as social welfare programs, economic programs, pro-poor programs
and educational reforms. The review delves into the intricate interplay between these
government interventions and household poverty dynamics, considering factors like
income disparity, access to education, healthcare services, and employment opportunities.
By synthesizing existing literature, this study elucidates the successes and shortcomings of
various strategies, shedding light on the key determinants of their effectiveness.
Additionally, it analyzes the role of governance, accountability mechanisms, and resource
allocation in shaping the outcomes of poverty-alleviation initiatives. Hence, this review
critically examines the challenges faced by marginalized households in accessing and
benefiting from government interventions, highlighting areas that require targeted policy
reforms and targeted interventions. By identifying gaps in existing research and policy
frameworks, this study provides valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and
development practitioners, aiming to inform evidence-based decision-making processes.
Ultimately, this review contributes to the ongoing discourse on poverty reduction
strategies in Uganda and offers recommendations for enhancing the impact of government
interventions on vulnerable households, thereby fostering sustainable socio-economic
development in the region.
Quantification of Earth Material for Sustainable Road Works in Southeast Nige...ssuser793b4e
This paper examines the use of earth materials in sustainable road
construction in South East, Nigeria. The study aims to determine factors
associated with the use of earth materials, identify limiting factors, and
examine strategies to improve their use. The study population comprised 60
engineers and craftsmen using local materials. The results show limitations in
the use of earth materials in sustainable road works. The study recommends
contracting firms to develop better storage facilities for earth materials to
prevent damage and wastage. It also suggests incorporating earth materials
into construction education curriculums to sensitize students to their potential
benefits. The government should adopt a policy of adapting earth materials
that require minimal capital and foreign exchange and utilizing available raw
materials and skills in small-scale operations. The study's findings highlight
the importance of sustainable road construction in Nigeria's socio-economic
growth.
Navigating Challenges and Maximizing Benefits in the Integration of Informati...ssuser793b4e
The integration of Information and Communication Technology
(ICT) in the educational systems of both public and private primary schools in
Africa has become a crucial factor in enhancing teaching and learning. This
paper explores the role of ICT tools in education, including computers,
interactive whiteboards, learning management systems, educational apps,
online collaboration tools, television, and online assessment tools. It discusses
their applications and the advantages they offer, such as fostering creativity,
improving academic performance, increasing motivation and responsibility,
and promoting teamwork. However, it also acknowledges the challenges
associated with ICT integration, including distractions, excessive usage,
exposure to false information, data theft, reduced human contact, and
cyberbullying. Moreover, the paper highlights key challenges in African
education, such as the lack of computer literacy among instructors, low
teledensity, unstable power supply, inadequate financing, and the absence of a
comprehensive ICT curriculum. It concludes by emphasizing the need for a
holistic approach to ICT integration, addressing infrastructure, teacher
training, curriculum development, and organizational support to realize the
full potential of ICT in education especially at the Primary school level.
Mobile Disinfectant Spraying Robot and its Implementation Components for Viru...ssuser793b4e
The virus pandemic COVID-19 outbreak brought a huge pressure
to the public healthcare system worldwide, especially in developing African
countries like Uganda. The Educational system and institutions were put on a
standstill due to no quick countermeasures to make the environment clean and
safe for normal activities to continue. This paper successfully and
comprehensively reviewed the Bluetooth and smart disinfectant spraying
robot that successfully controlled the spread of the deadly virus. It also
detailed different components that made up the complete spraying robot
systems and from this it was observed that spraying robot systems are made
up of almost the same components for implementations but differs on
program that is embedded on the microcontroller due to different functions.
This programing differs based on the functions that the designer/programmer
wants the robot to do despite using almost the same components. This
research review paper will act as guide for future researchers when designing
and implementing a mobile spraying robot.
Assessing Energy Policies, Legislation and Socio-Economic Impacts in the Ques...ssuser793b4e
The energy sector in Africa, particularly in countries like Uganda,
plays a pivotal role in shaping economic development, social progress, and
environmental sustainability. This study delves into the nuanced interplay
between energy policies, legislation, and their real-world consequences in
Uganda. By employing a case study approach, this research investigates the
multifaceted impact of Uganda's energy policies and legislation on various
stakeholders, including government institutions, businesses, and local
communities. This study provides an overview of Uganda's energy landscape,
highlighting the challenges faced by the nation in ensuring a stable and
sustainable energy supply. It then meticulously examines the evolution of
energy policies and legislation over the past few decades, analysing their
formulation, implementation, and effectiveness. Through qualitative and
quantitative analyses, this research assesses the socio-economic consequences
of these policies and legislations. It explores how regulatory decisions have
influenced energy accessibility, affordability, and reliability for urban and
rural populations. Additionally, the environmental impact of energy policies
is scrutinized, focusing on their contributions to climate change mitigation,
natural resource conservation, and the promotion of sustainable practices. The
study also evaluates the social repercussions, including the empowerment of
local communities, employment generation, and overall improvements in the
quality of life resulting from energy policy interventions. This research
critically examines the challenges faced during policy implementation, such
as bureaucratic hurdles, financial constraints, and political influences, which
often hinder the desired outcomes. It identifies key lessons from Uganda's
experiences, offering valuable insights for other African nations grappling
with similar energy challenges.
A Review of Cross-Platform Document File Reader Using Speech Synthesis.pdfssuser793b4e
Document files are files used to store documents on storage
devices primarily for computer use. Software is used to view these files,
displaying their text content in a legible way. However, it is essential to have
programs for transforming electronic files into versions usable by those who
suffer from specific disabilities. This paper reviewed fifteen published articles
in the field of document file reading. It was observed from the review that
various attempts have been made by different researchers in order to develop
a software cable for converting document files that consist of text to an audio
format. Text may now be easily translated into natural-sounding voice across
many platforms using different software. It was observed from the systematic
review that the use of AI such as the GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 Turbo Large
Language Model (LLM) technologies has the best performance because it
does not end at producing a vocal sound that is similar to human own, but it
also translates different languages. In conclusion, cross-platform document
file reader (text-to-speech) synthesis has improved user experiences in a
variety of applications such as language learning, audiobooks and virtual
assistants.
A Critical Assessment of Data Loggers for Farm Monitoring Addressing Limitati...ssuser793b4e
This comprehensive review examines thirty-nine data loggers and
their associated literature, systematically critiquing their design and
implementation. The integration of data loggers in farm monitoring proves
cost-effective, enabling the simultaneous monitoring of multiple parameters
without human intervention. The accrued data, when logged over time,
contributes to more accurate weather predictions, empowering farmers to
strategically plan for upcoming seasons. However, the review reveals a
prevalent issue among existing data loggers: many cannot read and record
various weather parameters concurrently, coupled with insufficient storage
capacity. This limitation hinders their suitability for prolonged, unattended
data storage. Additionally, a significant number of the reviewed data loggers
lack long-range wireless data transmission capabilities, restricting effective
weather monitoring from a distance. The findings underscore the need for
researchers to focus on developing advanced long-range data logger systems
with enhanced memory storage capacities to address these identified
shortcomings.
A Comparative Analysis of Renewable Energy Policies and its Impact on Economi...ssuser793b4e
Renewable energy has been identified as a critical component of
global efforts to address climate change, enhance energy security, and foster
sustainable economic growth. As a result, many countries have implemented
renewable energy policies to promote the development and deployment of
renewable energy technologies. However, the impact of these policies on
economic growth remains a subject of debate. This article provides a
comparative analysis of renewable energy policies and their impact on
economic growth. The study employs a systematic review of the literature and
utilizes qualitative and quantitative methods to compare renewable energy
policies and their economic impacts across different countries. The findings
suggest that the impact of renewable energy policies on economic growth
varies across countries and is influenced by factors such as policy design,
institutional context, and economic structure. This research article finally,
examined the challenges associated with implementing renewable energy
policies, analyzed the implications of the findings for policymakers and
further gave some potential solutions that will help the policymakers and
future researchers
The study investigated principals’ administrative strategies as correlates of teachers’ job
performance in public secondary schools in Obollo-Afor Education Zone of Enugu State. Four
research questions and four null hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted a
correlational survey design. The population of the study was 1,854 principals and teachers in
48 secondary schools in the Zone. A sample of 605 teachers was drawn using proportionate
stratified random sampling technique. Questionnaire was used as the instrument for data
collection and was subjected to face-validation by three experts. The internal consistency of
the instrument was obtained using Cronbach Alpha, which yielded an index of 0.72. Data
collected were analyzed using regression analysis while regression ANOVA was used in testing
the formulated hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The result of the study revealed that,
open communication, carrying teachers’ along and providing for teachers’ welfare among
others are principals’ administrative strategies for enhancing teachers’ job performance in
secondary schools. The result also, revealed a high positive significant relationship existing
between principals’ administrative strategies in decision making, delegation of duties, open
communication and management of staff welfare and teachers’ job performance in secondary
schools. The study recommended among others that principals in public secondary schools
should adopt positive administrative strategies as identified in this study to promote
teachers’ job performance.
A Systematic Review of Renewable Energy Trend.pdfssuser793b4e
This paper systematically and successfully reviewed the renewable energy trend from 2010 to 2023. This review
detailed the difference renewable energy and conclusion was drawn that solar photovoltaic (PV) energy has the
leading trend in power generation growth and innovation. This research work explained in detail the most recent
solar photovoltaic optimization techniques and it was observed from the review that hybridization of intelligent and
non-intelligent maximum power point tracking technique has the best tracking power conversion efficiency. The
advantages and disadvantage of solar PV together with the solar optimization and innovational growth trends were
examined. This research showed that clean and renewable energy sources will continue to grow and the solar energy
industry is expected to experience significant growth and rapid innovation in the next 10 years. From the observed
rapid growth and innovation trend in solar energy, the world will have a very cheap, abundant and clean energy
before 2050.
Automated Hybrid Smart Door Control System.pdfssuser793b4e
This research paper successfully designed, developed and implemented an automated hybrid smart door control system which has the ability to secure a home up to 92% electronically. This smart door system is designed and implemented by building a hardware made up of the Bluetooth module and fingerprint scanner which are interfaced with the Microcontroller system that uses +5V power supply. The written programs were interfaced into the microcontroller chips by plugging the Arduino USB cable into the laptop and upload the codes. The microcontroller chips helped in enrolling the users fingerprint into the fingerprint scanner and it automatically administers and saves the users fingerprint after enrollment. Furthermore, after all the processes the user places the enrolled or registered finger into the fingerprint scanner which either accepts or denies the user by triggering the solenoid lock to either unlock, lock or deny access. This process of unlocking and locking requires using Bluetooth and fingerprint to either lock or unlock the door smartly without stress and it can be done within one second that is why the Solenoid lock is used in building this security system. This automated hybrid smart door control system developed has curbed the problem of door breaking theft for about 92%, strengthened security and as well made it so easy for the physically challenged people to have access to their homes without third party assistance.
Design and Implementation of a Smart Surveillance Security System.pdfssuser793b4e
Home security is essential for occupant’s conveniences and protection. This research project designed and implemented a comparatively inexpensive smart surveillance security system that automatically captures an intruder’s image through a raspberry pi camera module and PIR sensor and sends mail to the user via Wi-Fi using the users registered email address. This system operates by triggering the Pi Camera through Raspberry Pi whenever an intruder comes in range using PIR sensor. The Pi camera will capture the image, save it and send the image of the intruder via mail to the user through the help of the command codes embedded in the Raspberry pi microcontroller. This research project will enable home/supermarket and office owners to secure their facilities and monitor the activities of their employers at any location at cheaper cost which is the earnest desire of an Engineer. Proteus 2022 was used as the simulation tool.
Review of the Implications of Uploading Unverified Dataset in A Data Banking ...ssuser793b4e
This review paper comprehensively detailed the methodologies involved in data analysis and theevaluation steps. It showed that steps and phases are the two main methodological parameters to be considered during data assessment for data of high qualities to be obtained.It is reviewed from this research that poor data quality is always caused by incompleteness, inconsistency, integrity and time-related dimensions and the four major factors that causes error in a dataset are duplication, commutative entries, incorrect values and black entries which always leads to catastrophe. This paper also reviewed the types of datasets, adopted techniques to ensure good data quality, types of data measurement and its classifications.Furthermore, the Kaggle site was used as a case study to show the trend of data growth and its consequences to the world and the data bankers. It is then deduced that low data quality which is caused as a result of errors during primary data mining and entries leads to wrong results which bring about the wrong conclusions. It was advised that critical data quality measures should be adopted by the data bankers such as Kaggle before uploading the data into their site to avoid catastrophe and harm to humans.Finally, the outlined solutions as reviewed in this paper will serve as a guide to data bankers and miners to obtain data of high quality, fit for use and devoid of a defect.
Qualitative research is concerned with feelings, ideas, or experiences. Finding insights that can result in testable hypotheses is the main goal of the data collection, which is frequently done in narrative form. During the exploratory phases of a study, educators use qualitative research to find patterns or fresh perspectives. A methodology called qualitative research is created to gather non-numerical data to produce insights. It is not statistical and is either semi-structured or unstructured. It is predicated on data gathered using a research methodology that provides an answer to the why. This article discussed the approaches to qualitative research, qualitative data collection methods, advantages and disadvantages of qualitative research and tools for analyzing qualitative data
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
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The Effect of Financial Management on the Learning Ability of Students in.pdf
1. 2023 | International Journal of Humanities, Management and Social Sciences | Volume. 6 | Issue. 2 | 109-118
International Journal of Humanities, Management and Social Science
p-ISSN: 2685-2330, e-ISSN: 2685-2322
Original Research Paper
The Effect of Financial Management on the Learning Ability of Students in
Government-Aided Primary Schools in Ibanda Municipality Uganda
Katureebe Yazid1
, Turyamureeba Silaji1
, Abdul Rahim2
, Chidinma Esther Eze1
,
Val Hyginus Udoka Eze3*
1
Department of Educational Foundations, Kampala International University. Uganda.
2
Department of Science Education, Kampala International University. Uganda.
3
Department of Publication and Extension, Kampala International University.
Uganda.
Article History
Received:
13.11.2023
Revised:
04.12.2023
Accepted:
17.12.2023
*Corresponding Author:
Val Hyginus Udoka Eze
Email:
ezehyginusudoka@gmail.com
This is an open access article,
licensed under: CC–BY-SA
Abstract: This review explores the crucial nexus between financial
management and the learning environment within government-aided primary
schools in Ibanda Municipality, Uganda. Education in developing nations
heavily depends on the efficient allocation and utilization of funds, directly
impacting the quality of education and overall learning experience for
students. Drawing upon a comprehensive analysis of selected schools in
Ibanda Municipality, this review investigates the diverse financial
management strategies employed and their subsequent influence on essential
educational components, including infrastructure, teaching resources, and
student welfare. This review research revealed that there is a direct correlation
between effective financial management and the overall enhancement of the
learning environment. Schools with robust financial planning mechanisms
demonstrate improved infrastructure, better teacher-student ratios, and
enhanced availability of educational resources whereas those schools facing
financial constraints struggle to survive financially which affects the quality
of education. Moreover, this review sheds light on the challenges faced by
schools in resource allocation and highlights potential solutions to enhance
financial sustainability. It emphasizes the need for strategic financial
planning, transparent budgeting, and community involvement to ensure the
effective utilization of limited resources.
Keywords: Education, Financial Management, Learning Environment,
Planning, Strategies.
2. Katureebe Yazid, Turyamureeba Silaji, Abdul Rahim, Chidinma Esther Eze, Val Hyginus Udoka Eze.
The Effect of Financial Management on the Learning Ability of Students in Government-Aided Primary Schools in Ibanda Municipality Uganda.
International Journal of Humanities, Management and Social Sciences, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 109-118, Dec 2023. DOI: 10.36079/lamintang.ij-humass-0602.600
110
1. Introduction
In the early years, education in the United States (US) was haphazard. Many children were excluded
from school because of race, ethnicity, gender, location and more importantly income. As a result,
most children were not getting the education required. It was evident that public schools were
deliberately designed to perpetuate the existing inequalities [1]. As American schools restructured to
accommodate new circumstances, many educational leaders partnered their efforts to financially
improve education. Educational institutions were strengthened to meet the needs of poorly educated
employees, especially teachers. Later, parents also started to finance schools in cooperation with other
sources from charitable, contributions, and sometimes state support. Later, at the time of the
American Revolution, free schools were introduced and children were taught in organised schools.
Schools were charged with teaching immigrants while assimilating them and the government started
meeting the bills. Thereafter, the Disabilities Act was introduced and the government started injecting
finances to help the disadvantaged group.
It is therefore worth noting that in America, funding for public schools has been a historical
responsibility for local Governments. Therefore, the fact that presently, Norway and the United States
are among the countries that spend more on education than any other country in the world is not
surprising. In Europe, and France, expansion of public education also took place initially with
resources from local governments. Later, the burden was shifted to the national level. In 1853,
funding began to grow with local resources after the coming into law of liberating communities to
raise more local taxes for schools. Finally, in 1881, the national government took over most of the
financial responsibility after the abolition of fees and tuition [2]. In Africa, poor infrastructure and
low-quality education have been identified as important barriers to teaching and learning. Crowded
learning environments have been spotted all over Malawi, the Central African Republic and Tanzania.
In most countries, still, students have to share textbooks. On average, fourteen (14) learners share a
textbook in Cameroon. In Uganda, formal education was initiated by missionaries after the 1885’s.
Involvement by the government started in 1922 after the Phelps-Stroke Fund which sparked off
education for small groups categorised as aristocracy, the clergy and tribal chiefs in the early 1920’s
and 1930’s. This education was verily for the rich so the other groups did not benefit much. However,
after 1925, the government took facilitation of schools and other educational institutions, through the
1950’s and 1960’s [3][4].
After independence, the education burden was carried by parents. As a result, children of the poor
did not access education which was worsened by the unfavourable political situation of the 1970s that
was prevailing then. During this period, parents’ involvement in education came to almost a standstill
yet the government was not doing much. In the late 1980’s and 1990’s, education was mainly funded
by the government for recovery from the stagnation of the 1970’s. The government became directly
involved in the recruitment of teachers, construction of classrooms and providing instructional
materials. Meanwhile, parents also provided what was termed as building funds to supplement
government efforts. This situation continued until 1995 when the government introduced Universal
Primary Education which was to meet all the educational costs by primary school children [5][6].
The learning environment is an important feature in an educational setting. The quality of the
learning environment is vital because when it is non-conducive, it subjects both the learner and the
teacher to adverse and sometimes dangerous conditions which compromise the learning and teaching
process [7]. A worthwhile learning environment should be collaborative and stimulating to enhance
performance and growth to fulfil the potential of every individual in the educational setting. Although
the government provides quarterly grants in the form of capitation grants and parents contribute fees
in the form of building funds every term, there have been reported cases of unconducive learning
environments in government-aided Primary schools in Ibanda Municipality. As major components of
a learning environment, structures in not in good condition, the environment is either bushy or noisy
and as part of the social environment, cases of sexual harassment have been reported. More to this,
some classrooms do not have enough seats and those which have are not in good condition while
others are in noisy neighbourhoods (bars, markets, and other noisy areas). On the digital aspect, some
teachers though trained, lack the skills and attitude to help learners enjoy the teaching-learning
process. This has affected the teaching and learning process thus lowering the academic performance
of learners in the Municipality [8]. Now, although various research studies have been conducted on
finance and educational facilities and structures, no effort has been made to examine and ascertain the
relationship between financial management and the learning environment. It is against this
3. Katureebe Yazid, Turyamureeba Silaji, Abdul Rahim, Chidinma Esther Eze, Val Hyginus Udoka Eze.
The Effect of Financial Management on the Learning Ability of Students in Government-Aided Primary Schools in Ibanda Municipality Uganda.
International Journal of Humanities, Management and Social Sciences, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 109-118, Dec 2023. DOI: 10.36079/lamintang.ij-humass-0602.600
111
background that the researcher seeks to establish the relationship between financial management and
the learning environment in Government-aided Primary Schools in Ibanda Municipality.
2. Literature Review
Over half of government funding for schools in New Zealand is devoted to teacher staffing. Funding
for the improvement of the learning environment is paid straight to the schools on a per-student basis.
State schools are government-funded and operated. Students and parents are however expected to pay
for stationery, uniforms, textbooks and school trips. Schools also ask for voluntary donations in terms
of school fees. Furthermore, operative funding is provided to schools from the government for the
running of the schools and implementation of the school’s goals and objectives as stated in the
charter. This is paid quarterly by way of a bulk grant by the Ministry of Education. Operational
funding is calculated by formula, the three key components of the funding are base funding and per-
student funding.
According to a study by [9], insufficient school funds were a feature in schools as they had been
running an operating deficit. This apparent lack of adequate funding from donating boards is common
in countries which have devolved budgets to schools. This is further reiterated by [10], who identified
government funding as a key issue, with one in four principals having dealt with financial deficits in
the last three years. The move to quarterly allocation of roll-based funding was also seen to increase
the financial pressure on schools by 47% of principals [10]. The researcher in [11], has questioned the
current devolved model for schools and also asks if some financial decisions would best be made
through a cluster of schools at the regional or national level. Hattie confirms the existence of a
devolved model of financial decision-making and shows that the closer the decision is made to the
student, the more likely the needs of diverse students are taken into account. However, it would seem
to make sense based on this study, that property expenditure, both operation and capital as well as
fixed costs, for example, electricity, be managed through a cluster of local schools.
According to the report on secondary schools by [12], financial management took up a significant
amount of the Board of Trustees’ time. However, this study found that teachers’ and parents’
involvement is perceived by the public as being supportive [9]. They found that although technically,
it was the Board of Trustees who had formal responsibility, in reality, it was the principal who was
given the control and responsibility for the budget. On another note, it should be noted that education
funding has become a joint partnership between the government, parents and other development
partners. However, government subsidies intended to meet tuition and operational costs have not been
sufficient. As a result, educational institutions are forced to set high fees collected from the
communities to fund their operations [13]. In addition, the personal qualifications of a team, or
supervisor, and the amount of investment affect the amount of investment in income-generating
activities. The income-generating programme can significantly increase the income of the school.
This is important for the academic and non-academic development of students, teachers and all school
academic communities [13].
The researcher in [14], contends that diversification of financing sources for use in education
institutions’ budgets is a problem that is debated internationally. Leaders of schools are therefore
mandated to ensure a proper environment for teaching and research activities despite the impediments
brought about by excessive regulations and bureaucratic demands. They explain the role of
educational management in maintaining the balance between public responsibility and institutional
autonomy. In their Best Evidence Synthesis on 'School Leadership and Student Outcomes' Robinson,
Hohepa and Lloyd identify strategic resourcing as one of the five dimensions that make a difference
to student outcomes [15]. Strategic resourcing is defined in this study as “securing and allocating
resources that are aligned to educational purposes. However, the research did not clearly show how
educational leaders make financial decisions in the everyday management of their schools [16].
According to researchers in [17], following good financial accounting practices would lead to
schools making better decisions regarding the allocation of resources. In his study, he shows that the
need for school committees is instrumental in decision-making so that whatever little funds are
generated they are properly utilised. On the other hand, [9], observed that the 1989 reforms in New
Zealand were about allowing the Board of Trustees and Principals to make decisions regarding the
targeting of certain areas and the allocation of financial resources. Nevertheless, it is important to
note that before the 1989 Education Act and the Public Finance Act of 1989, state schools in New
Zealand had little exposure to financial management practices. Warner quoted by [18], considers that
4. Katureebe Yazid, Turyamureeba Silaji, Abdul Rahim, Chidinma Esther Eze, Val Hyginus Udoka Eze.
The Effect of Financial Management on the Learning Ability of Students in Government-Aided Primary Schools in Ibanda Municipality Uganda.
International Journal of Humanities, Management and Social Sciences, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 109-118, Dec 2023. DOI: 10.36079/lamintang.ij-humass-0602.600
112
each education institution needs to diversify financing sources by developing activities that can
generate income. This will help them to have a backup in case one of the sources is not sufficient.
Institutional financial instability which can be generated by the dependence on a single financing
resource at the level of public higher institutions, a variable resource itself, dependent on context can
be counteracted by the diversification of revenue sources. This aspect can be a challenge for the
institution’s management but can also lead to an increase in competitiveness both locally and
internationally.
2.1. The Roles of Budgeting in Educational Institutions
In a study conducted by [19], the procedure for utilization of available funds for classroom
development includes meetings, budgeting, decision making and implementation. The researcher in
[19], asserts that a leader of an institution as the principal must act as the chief organizer of meetings.
In a relatively proper manner, the principal must organise meetings which are key and are the bone of
contention amongst those gathered for discussion to focus on how to acquire more from either
governmental or community sources which involves proper budgeting. Researcher in [20], asserts that
the design of a budget is a relatively easy task conceptually but its elaboration becomes difficult
especially when the interests of the stakeholders involved in attaining this objective do not coincide
with management objectives. Taking into consideration the budget autonomy in [18] which states that
the new financial strategy of education institutions, based on global financing allows flexibility in
management and as a consequence, institutions have the freedom to design, approve, execute and
report their budget in conformity with legislation and own objectives. Many modern learning
environments being built today promote and support a wide range of pedagogies including delivering,
applying, communicating, and decision-making. They are often set according to the learners’ base
where teaching and learning occur. Modern learning environments support strength-based teaching
and can provide both students and teachers with openness, flexibility and access to resources. In such
circumstances, inquiries are shared, interventions devised collaboratively and reflections based on
both self and peer observations can lead to the development of a robust and continuously improved
community of practice.
Academic literature related to educational management [21] reveals that quality plays a critical
role in modern education. Educational reforms that have been implemented throughout the world
since the 1990s are all aimed at improving educational quality. The researchers in [22][23], agree that
the educational industry is now in a state of constant evolution. More to this, in both Europe and
Africa, education experts acknowledge that the educational environment offered by the institutions is
less attractive. The researcher [24], observes in order to obtain an education environment of quality; a
firm strategy must be adopted. A strategy is concerned with understanding the external environment
while according to [24], management of school improvement is performed within a strategic planning
framework. The strategy formation process includes an assessment of internal resources and external
influences as well as recognition of the established organizational culture. The researcher in [24],
further observes that the strategic analysis involves environmental scanning SWOT analysis. The
internal educational environment analysis is related to the internal resources of an academic
community including the intellectual capital. The complexity of the educational environment
stipulates the variety of situations in which managers make strategic decisions aimed at enhancement
[24].
According to [25], in the context of quality assurance, managers employ a series of integrated
management procedures to achieve their strategic objectives. As said by [24], in the process of
managing school improvement, various initiatives can be involved: organizational change
philosophies (Total Quality Management) as well as more limited management techniques (school
self-evaluation, feedback from stakeholders). In addition to this study, the academic investigation by
[9] highlighted the issue, affirming that the effect of budgeting for school and student improvement
especially classroom development is a priority because once expenses are covered, there is little if any
discretionary funding for school priorities. They go on to state that this results in the financial
decision-making process in schools being about avoiding financial loss rather than improving student
outcomes [17]. The study was not comprehensive since it does not show the purpose of making
financial decisions in making discretionary spending that could improve student achievement with
respect to a quality environment.
The financial decision-making process best suits the needs assessment for the utilization of funds.
The researcher in [17], observes that reforms of the late 1980s placed the responsibility of budgeting
5. Katureebe Yazid, Turyamureeba Silaji, Abdul Rahim, Chidinma Esther Eze, Val Hyginus Udoka Eze.
The Effect of Financial Management on the Learning Ability of Students in Government-Aided Primary Schools in Ibanda Municipality Uganda.
International Journal of Humanities, Management and Social Sciences, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 109-118, Dec 2023. DOI: 10.36079/lamintang.ij-humass-0602.600
113
and reporting onto the schools and resourcing theoretically remained the responsibility of the
government. This is supported by [9] who stated that a key aspect of school-based management
reform has been the delegation of financial management to the school. The researcher in [26],
considers that institutional performance can be obtained through two methods which can be used
individually or which can be correlated: budget-based on previous results and/or budget-based on
projects.
2.2. Financial Reporting in Educational Institutions
The researcher in [27] observes that some phenomena occurred in an accounting scandal in the early
21st century which showed us the weakness in financial reporting quality (FRQ). He continues that
the financial report quality depends on the value of the accounting report. Hence, the company needs
to provide high-quality financial reports. Research shows that a quality financial report will be both
impactful and useful in making an investment decision [27]. The concept of a quality financial report
is not only for containing financial information but also non-financial which will be useful in making
an informed decision [28].
The quality of financial reports will be studied from two distinct angles. First, the quality of a
financial report shows the company’s performance which is reflected in the profit information. It can
be said that financial report information has high quality if the profit obtained in the current year can
be used as an indicator to generate profit in the future [29]. Secondly, the quality of financial reporting
is related to the company’s market performance which is reflected in the profit information as listed in
the stock exchange. The purpose of financial reporting is to provide financial statement users with
financial information that is useful for making economic decisions [30]. A valid decision can be made
if the information in the financial statements meets the quality of financial information, including
being presented in an appropriate, relevant, comparable, understandable, timely and verifiable
manner. In addition, the quality of financial reporting is also useful in making decisions regarding the
allocation of resources owned by the company. Fulfilment of the quality of financial reporting will be
able to inform the company’s ability to manage both internal and external sources of funds and meet
the right elements of accountability. A financial report includes financial statements and informative
instruments or procedures. These instruments either directly or indirectly are associated with
accounting information such as the firm’s resources, assets, debts and profits. Financial reporting’s
main objective is to reveal the economic effects of commercial units’ financial performance. The
researcher in [31] agrees with [32] that misreporting can distort the peer firm’s investment and
operational efficiency.
The researcher in [33], observes that study findings on the effects of education on student
performance have been inconsistent. Some have indicated that it is how money is spent and not how
much is available that determines academic outcomes. In Uganda, poor performance of UPE schools
has been partly blamed on ineffective utilisation of UPE funds disbursed by the government.
According to [34], the East African governments disburse funds in order to provide essential social
services to the citizens. Budget allocations or funds may be allocated adequately if there is
accountability or strong institutions that can provide satisfactory financial reports.
2.3. Financial Management and the Learning Environment in Educational Institutions
According to [35], physical facilities constitute a strategic factor in organizational functioning. He
stated that their availability, adequacy and relevance influence efficiency and high effectiveness. [36],
asserted that physical facilities when provided in the teaching-learning process, consequently improve
the academic achievement of students. He submitted that no effective science education programme
can exist without equipment and facilities for teaching.
In their contribution, [37], reiterated that when facilities are provided to meet the relative needs of
a school system, students will not only have access to the reference materials mentioned by the
teacher but they will also learn at their own pace. The effect of absence or availability of facilities for
the overall academic performance of the entire students is further illustrated by [38], who
acknowledged that instructional facilities are indispensable to the academic achievement of students.
In another instance, different authors in their studies found that the quality of education received by
the learners at school, to a very large extent is determined by the level of availability of the material
resources and the overall atmosphere in which learning activities take place. They also contend that
human resources (social environment) were found to be significantly related to students’ academic
performance [39].
6. Katureebe Yazid, Turyamureeba Silaji, Abdul Rahim, Chidinma Esther Eze, Val Hyginus Udoka Eze.
The Effect of Financial Management on the Learning Ability of Students in Government-Aided Primary Schools in Ibanda Municipality Uganda.
International Journal of Humanities, Management and Social Sciences, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 109-118, Dec 2023. DOI: 10.36079/lamintang.ij-humass-0602.600
114
An observation of most schools in Africa, particularly on the nature of classrooms as a learning
environment, one finds that classes are congested and have few desks. There are no window panes
and ventilation is poor which hampers the teaching and learning process. Amidst such conditions,
schools receive funding from both the government and parents' contributions. This finding is similar
to that of [ 40], who made an observation that crowded classroom conditions make it difficult for
students to concentrate on their studies. The researcher in [41] agrees with [40], that a strong
management system of education is pertinent in ensuring efficient and effective accountability at
various levels of education which translates into better facilities and improved performance of the
learners. A situation where there is a poor state of the learning environment may imply that funds
meant for maintenance can either be insufficient or have been poorly managed. More so, these funds
may not be properly used since the nature of the learning environment is directly correlated with the
amount of funds spent on it [42]. When the classroom as part of the physical environment is un-
conducive, teachers’ morale is lowered and students’ performance may be affected. The amount of
learning that takes place is proportionate to the quality of resources available in the classrooms.
Education is of paramount importance for the political, economic and social development of any
community [43]. The need to attain the best education continues to be a basic requirement worldwide.
According to the World Bank Report of 2005, investment in education has been the hallmark of all
nations of the World. All nations have realised that financial resource is an important key input into
any public or private education system which provides the means of running all the affairs of an
institution. It helps in the acquisition of resources needed to achieve education
institutional/organizational objectives. In the case of public schools, these financial resources are
obtained through government allocations, parents’ contributions, school internal sources and donor
organizations. The revenue element of the financial resources is converted into human and physical
resources through planning and budgeting. Finance is the most basic resource in any enterprise, the
education sector inclusive. Hence, everybody is concerned about its management [44]. Against this
background, educational institutions must manage their finances well so that school facilities are in
good condition and well utilised. According to the United Kingdom Report 2009, good financial
management is an essential element of strong corporate governance and forms part of the foundations
of an organization underpinning service, quality and improvement. Strong and efficient financial
management provides a basis for accountability to stakeholders for the stewardship and use of
resources. According to [45], planning in financial terms involves expressing the school plan. The
process of planning includes the mission and general aims of the school as a framework and
determining outcomes according to the needs of the school, measuring the cost of the programmes
and establishing school fees and other revenue while evaluating the output of each programme.
The management of finances squarely lies upon head teachers who are the Accounting Officers.
According to [46], usually, school head teachers and financial committees project for the coming year
from assumptions based on reliable data of expected incomes, which form the basis for the projected
income and expenditure (budget). However, these Head teachers need to handle and utilize these
finances very well. For instance, [47], posted that school budgets which serve as guides to financial
planning and program management to permit orderly operation for a stated period, must be upheld as
guiding tools for effective financial use. In contrast, though, school administrators continue to bypass
financial regulations thus stifling the achievement of educational goals. In absolute agreement, [48]
and [49] observe that planning and control of funds, important as it is, in financial management, has
been neglected for personal benefits. Therefore, it is paramount that the basic function of a budget
serves as an instrument for planning so that educational programs will not be interrupted or restricted
because of insufficient funds, depleted accounts or/and their misuse.
According to [50], the dual nature of the role played by the head teacher is controversial and
problematic because whereas he is expected to account for the school the development committee as
accounting officer are also accountable to the education department as their employees. In essence,
school head teachers have a remarkable capacity to derail decentralized governance structures by
retaining control of them or to ensure the success and effectiveness of these structures and facilities.
Studies by [51] in the Gutu district in Harare showed that members of the school development
committees lacked financial management abilities. The studies further reveal that the lack of
competency to carry out financial management was a stumbling block to most school development
committees. The researcher in [51] casts blame on the lack of financial awareness of school
committee members as one of the reasons why head teachers continue to bypass the basic financial
regulations to the detriment of the learning environment. The researcher in [52] recommends that
7. Katureebe Yazid, Turyamureeba Silaji, Abdul Rahim, Chidinma Esther Eze, Val Hyginus Udoka Eze.
The Effect of Financial Management on the Learning Ability of Students in Government-Aided Primary Schools in Ibanda Municipality Uganda.
International Journal of Humanities, Management and Social Sciences, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 109-118, Dec 2023. DOI: 10.36079/lamintang.ij-humass-0602.600
115
fundamentals of financial management such as governance, internal control, probity and propriety
should be firmly in place. According to [52], the institutions of education need to establish core
financial competencies and achieve consistency of financial management skills.
The researcher in [52], further observed that financial management in education is concerned with
the cost of education, the source of income to meet educational costs and the spending of income in an
objective manner in order to achieve educational objectives. Therefore, education is both consumption
and an investment in human capital by individuals and society for improved structures, resources and
facilities. This emphasizes the need for community members to cooperate with the school committees
in the contribution and management of financial resources [53][54][55]. According to [53] a survey
conducted in Uganda, using a sample of 250 schools revealed that the average level of funding that
reached schools was very low and that only 13 per cent of those funds were used to serve their
intended purpose. It was further reported that financial malpractices increase transaction costs, reduce
efficiency, and quality of services and distort the decision-making process. The researcher [54],
observed that such malpractices lowered the quality of education by citing an example where schools
have dilapidated buildings despite the significant financial efforts made by public authorities and the
government to provide each child with his/her learning materials [56][57]. The researcher in [53]
reported that financial misappropriation and misuse distort both the quality and availability of
education services and resources. This explains the need for concerted efforts to consider the
management of school resources very well for the proper development of facilities, especially the
learning environment [58][59]. In addition, [55], established that poorly equipped laboratories,
libraries, home science and workshops make learners fail to do the necessary practice thus affecting
mastery of content as well as leading to poor performance. UNESCO [56], established a strong causal
link between the quality and amount of science equipment and furniture on one hand and the quality
of student outcomes on the other. According to [60][61], financial administration in a school situation
requires not only detailed planning and research qualities but also monitoring, of the activities of the
members of the school governing body and the structures that control the finances.
3. Methodology
This research paper reviewed sixty-one related journal articles and critically analysed them based on
financial management strategies and their effects. Drawing upon a comprehensive analysis of selected
schools in Ibanda Municipality, this review investigates the diverse financial management strategies
employed and their subsequent influence on essential educational components, including
infrastructure, teaching resources, and student welfare. These investigated parameters formed the
bedrock of the review.
4. Finding and Discussion
This research review reveals that there is a direct correlation between effective financial management
and the overall enhancement of the learning environment. Schools with robust financial planning
mechanisms demonstrate improved infrastructure, better teacher-student ratios, and enhanced
availability of educational resources. Conversely, schools facing financial constraints struggle to
maintain adequate facilities and provide essential learning materials, adversely affecting the quality of
education. Moreover, this review sheds light on the challenges faced by schools in resource allocation
and highlights potential solutions to enhance financial sustainability. It emphasizes the need for
strategic financial planning, transparent budgeting, and community involvement to ensure the
effective utilization of limited resources.
5. Conclusion
In conclusion, the study underscores the pivotal role of sound financial management in shaping the
learning environment within government-aided primary schools in Ibanda Municipality.
Recommendations include targeted policy interventions, capacity-building initiatives, and community
partnerships to bolster financial literacy among school administrators, ultimately fostering an enriched
educational experience for students in the region.
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