The Crusades and Colonialism
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A Common tactic used by many Muslims, and their apologists, is to accuse the West of having subjected Islamic nations to European colonialism. However, while Western colonialism and conquests of Muslim lands lasted for approximately 130 years, from the 1830s to the 1960s, Muslim colonisation of European lands lasted over 1,300 years.
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The crusades
The Crusades were a series of Christian military expeditions between the 11th and 13th centuries to regain control of holy sites in Palestine from Muslim rule. They began as a response to Muslim control over Jerusalem but later expanded to conquering Muslim-held territories in Spain and Eastern Europe. Preaching of the First Crusade also triggered violent attacks against Jewish communities in Europe who were wrongly blamed for Jesus' death.
The Crusades
The Crusades had political, social, and economic impacts on both the Crusaders from Western Europe and the Muslim populations in the Holy Land. Politically, the Crusades weakened feudal systems in Europe and united Muslim leadership under Saladin. Socially, the Crusaders adopted ideas from Muslim cultures like new numbers and science, while Muslims viewed the Westerners with disdain. Economically, the Crusades created new trade routes but had little lasting impact on Muslim societies, which were already more advanced.
The Crusades
The Crusades were a series of 8 or 9 holy wars fought between Christian states in Europe and Turkish Muslims from 1095-1270. The goal was to take Jerusalem and holy lands from Muslims, as sites had been cut off from access due to Muslim expansion. The First Crusade ended with the capture of Jerusalem, while the Second Crusade resulted in failure and retreat. The Third Crusade saw a truce between King Richard I and Saladin that allowed Christian visits to holy sites.
The Crusades vs Jihad
This document provides an analysis of the Crusades and Jihad from the perspective of Dr. Peter Hammond. It seeks to dispel common misconceptions about the Crusades. The document argues that the Crusades were a reaction to over 500 years of conquest and oppression of Christians in the Middle East by Islamic jihad. It details how Muslim armies had conquered over two-thirds of the Christian world before the Crusades began. The Crusades are portrayed as defensive wars to liberate Christian lands and defend against further Muslim aggression, not wars of aggression themselves. The document criticizes the inaccurate portrayal of the Crusades in films like Kingdom of Heaven, arguing it presents a distorted version of history.
Causes Of The Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims over control of the Holy Land. Growing tensions between the groups were exacerbated when the Seljuk Turks took over Jerusalem and persecuted Christian pilgrims, massacring 3000 of them. In response to a call for help from the Byzantine Emperor, Pope Urban II saw an opportunity to both aid the Byzantines and unite Europe under the Church. In 1095, he gave a speech urging Europeans to take up arms in a "just war" to retake Jerusalem and regain access to Christian holy sites.
Crusades causes&results
The Crusades were a series of military campaigns from the 1090s to the 1400s where European armies traveled to the Byzantine Empire and Middle East to regain Christian lands and pilgrimage routes. Pope Urban II gave a speech outlining religious, political, economic, and social reasons for Christians to join the Crusades, such as gaining forgiveness of sins and wealth. The Crusades weakened the Byzantine Empire but increased trade between Europe and the Middle East while also exposing Europe to Islamic knowledge. However, the Crusades had little lasting impact on politics and culture in the Middle East.
The children's crusade crusades
Nicholas of Cologne, a shepherd boy from Germany, claimed to have received a message from Jesus telling him to lead a Children's Crusade to convert Muslims in Jerusalem peacefully. He gathered thousands of children who marched through Germany and France, but two-thirds died along the way from hunger, disease or exposure in the Alps. Those who boarded ships with merchants hoping to cross the sea were either sold into slavery in Tunisia or drowned in a shipwreck, and few of the children ultimately returned home.
Brief Look at the Crusades
A brief overview of why the crusades started and some of the more important ones. It also looks at their influence and has some links to watch short videos.
Recommended
The crusades
The Crusades were a series of Christian military expeditions between the 11th and 13th centuries to regain control of holy sites in Palestine from Muslim rule. They began as a response to Muslim control over Jerusalem but later expanded to conquering Muslim-held territories in Spain and Eastern Europe. Preaching of the First Crusade also triggered violent attacks against Jewish communities in Europe who were wrongly blamed for Jesus' death.
The Crusades
The Crusades had political, social, and economic impacts on both the Crusaders from Western Europe and the Muslim populations in the Holy Land. Politically, the Crusades weakened feudal systems in Europe and united Muslim leadership under Saladin. Socially, the Crusaders adopted ideas from Muslim cultures like new numbers and science, while Muslims viewed the Westerners with disdain. Economically, the Crusades created new trade routes but had little lasting impact on Muslim societies, which were already more advanced.
The Crusades
The Crusades were a series of 8 or 9 holy wars fought between Christian states in Europe and Turkish Muslims from 1095-1270. The goal was to take Jerusalem and holy lands from Muslims, as sites had been cut off from access due to Muslim expansion. The First Crusade ended with the capture of Jerusalem, while the Second Crusade resulted in failure and retreat. The Third Crusade saw a truce between King Richard I and Saladin that allowed Christian visits to holy sites.
The Crusades vs Jihad
This document provides an analysis of the Crusades and Jihad from the perspective of Dr. Peter Hammond. It seeks to dispel common misconceptions about the Crusades. The document argues that the Crusades were a reaction to over 500 years of conquest and oppression of Christians in the Middle East by Islamic jihad. It details how Muslim armies had conquered over two-thirds of the Christian world before the Crusades began. The Crusades are portrayed as defensive wars to liberate Christian lands and defend against further Muslim aggression, not wars of aggression themselves. The document criticizes the inaccurate portrayal of the Crusades in films like Kingdom of Heaven, arguing it presents a distorted version of history.
Causes Of The Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims over control of the Holy Land. Growing tensions between the groups were exacerbated when the Seljuk Turks took over Jerusalem and persecuted Christian pilgrims, massacring 3000 of them. In response to a call for help from the Byzantine Emperor, Pope Urban II saw an opportunity to both aid the Byzantines and unite Europe under the Church. In 1095, he gave a speech urging Europeans to take up arms in a "just war" to retake Jerusalem and regain access to Christian holy sites.
Crusades causes&results
The Crusades were a series of military campaigns from the 1090s to the 1400s where European armies traveled to the Byzantine Empire and Middle East to regain Christian lands and pilgrimage routes. Pope Urban II gave a speech outlining religious, political, economic, and social reasons for Christians to join the Crusades, such as gaining forgiveness of sins and wealth. The Crusades weakened the Byzantine Empire but increased trade between Europe and the Middle East while also exposing Europe to Islamic knowledge. However, the Crusades had little lasting impact on politics and culture in the Middle East.
The children's crusade crusades
Nicholas of Cologne, a shepherd boy from Germany, claimed to have received a message from Jesus telling him to lead a Children's Crusade to convert Muslims in Jerusalem peacefully. He gathered thousands of children who marched through Germany and France, but two-thirds died along the way from hunger, disease or exposure in the Alps. Those who boarded ships with merchants hoping to cross the sea were either sold into slavery in Tunisia or drowned in a shipwreck, and few of the children ultimately returned home.
Brief Look at the Crusades
A brief overview of why the crusades started and some of the more important ones. It also looks at their influence and has some links to watch short videos.
Crusades
The Crusades were a series of holy wars launched by European Christians between the 11th and 13th centuries with the goal of regaining control of holy sites in Jerusalem from Muslim rule. Jerusalem was an important religious site for Christians, Muslims, and Jews. In 1071, Seljuk Turks stopped allowing Christian pilgrims to visit Jerusalem, prompting Pope Gregory VII to plan a crusade. Although Gregory died before launching it, subsequent popes called for additional crusades over the next two centuries, with varying degrees of success in retaking Jerusalem but ultimately failing to maintain permanent Christian control of the region.
Medieval europe
The document discusses the Crusades that took place during medieval Europe. It describes how Jerusalem was an important religious site for Jews, Christians, and Muslims. In the late 1000s, control of Jerusalem shifted to Muslim rulers, making pilgrimages more dangerous. In 1095, the Pope called for armies to take back Jerusalem from the Seljuk Turks. The First Crusade saw armies travel to the region and take Jerusalem in 1099, massacring many Muslim and Jewish inhabitants. Later Crusades failed to reclaim Jerusalem, with Saladin recapturing the city for Muslims in 1187. The Fourth Crusade in 1204 saw Crusaders destroy Constantinople instead, weakening the Byzantine Empire. While failing
The Crusades
The document discusses the Crusades, a series of religious wars launched by the Catholic Church between the 11th and 13th centuries with the goal of regaining control of Christian holy sites in Jerusalem from Muslim rule. Pope Urban II initiated the First Crusade by calling on European Christians to fight to reclaim the Holy Land. While the Crusades succeeded in temporarily taking Jerusalem, they ultimately failed in permanently retaking and maintaining control of the Holy Land from Muslim powers like Saladin.
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Crusades
The Pope had significant influence over Western Europe during the Middle Ages. Pope Urban II called the Crusades in 1096 to retake Jerusalem from Muslim rule and restore it for Christian pilgrimage. The Crusades aimed to unite Christians under the Pope and give knights a purposeful mission. Crusaders included serfs, children, women, nuns, and knights who wanted to fight. While the Crusades failed to permanently retake the Holy Land, they increased cultural exchange between Europe and the East.
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The document discusses the Crusades between Christians and Muslims over control of the Holy Land between the 11th and 13th centuries. It describes some of the causes of the Crusades, including reports of Muslim attacks on Christian pilgrims and shrines, as well as increasing intolerance between the religions. The Crusades resulted in both short term effects like temporary Christian gains in territory and long term effects such as the weakening of the papacy, rise of strong centralized nations and kings, and lasting inter-religious hatred and intolerance.
Lit crusade powerpoint
The Crusades were a series of wars launched by European Christians against Muslims to regain control of holy sites in the Middle East. There were nine Crusades from 1095 to 1291 that aimed to retake Jerusalem from Muslim rule. The First Crusade succeeded in capturing Jerusalem in 1099 and established the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. Subsequent Crusades were launched in response to Muslim reconquests of Crusader territories, such as the Second Crusade after the fall of Edessa and the Third Crusade after Saladin recaptured Jerusalem in 1187. The Fourth Crusade unexpectedly sacked the Christian city of Constantinople instead of going to the Holy Land.
The Medieval Ages
The document provides an overview of the medieval ages in Europe, covering major periods and events between the 11th and 15th centuries. It discusses factors that led to peace and prosperity like the revitalization of the Church and rise of feudalism. Significant events included the Crusades, outbreak of the bubonic plague that killed up to half of Europe's population, and the development of knighthood, monasticism, and universities. The document also examines the power struggle between the Church and kings, witch hunts, agricultural advances, growth of trade and cities, architectural achievements, and the Hundred Years' War between England and France.
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The document summarizes the Crusades that took place over 200 years between the 11th and 13th centuries. It provides background on how the Seljuk Turks took control of Jerusalem, leading Pope Urban II to organize the First Crusade to recapture the Holy Land in 1095. The Crusades were driven by religious and political motivations for both Christians in Europe and Muslim leaders trying to regain control. The document outlines several Crusades and notable leaders on both sides, such as Saladin who retook Jerusalem for Muslims, and Richard the Lionheart who led the Third Crusade but failed to retake Jerusalem for Christians. The Crusades ultimately ended in failure for Christians and had lasting impacts through increased trade, education, and the
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The document discusses the Crusades between 1096-1291. It provides context about the goals of the Crusades, which were for Christians to retake Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslim rule in order to restore it for Christian pilgrimage. Pope Urban II launched the Crusades in 1096 to unite Christians under his influence and give knights a purposeful mission. The Crusaders were groups like serfs, children, women, and knights who joined the Crusades for various reasons such as a desire for change, belief in the mission, or to have something to fight for.
The crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars launched by European Christians between 1096-1291 aimed at gaining control of Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslim rule. Pope Urban II called Christian warriors to the First Crusade to help the Byzantine Empire against Turkish attacks. Although the Crusaders succeeded in taking Jerusalem, establishing four states, their control was short-lived and marked significant economic, political, and social changes in Europe and its relations with the Islamic world.
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The Crusades were a series of military expeditions organized by the Pope and European kings between 1096-1396 CE to take the Holy Land from Muslim rule. There were economic motivations as well, as European kings wanted to control trade routes in the Orient. While the First Crusade succeeded in taking Jerusalem, later Crusades failed to retain control of the Holy Land due to infighting between Christian factions, stronger Muslim armies at times, and settlements that were difficult for Europeans to support from far away.
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1) The Crusades were launched in response to Muslim control of holy sites, and stimulated trade between Europe and Asia as Asian goods were brought back.
2) Trade revived for several reasons, including increased contact during the Crusades and the rise of trade centers like Flanders.
3) Towns grew as serfdom declined, allowing serfs to leave manors for opportunities in urban areas or changing agricultural practices.
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The document summarizes the views of Protestant Reformers like Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Jonathan Edwards on Islam and the Muslim Ottoman Empire. It discusses how they interpreted various biblical passages as referring to Islam or the Turks, viewed Muhammad as a false prophet, and saw the Ottoman Empire as aligned with antichrist and the enemy of Christianity that needed to be resisted through preaching and prayer. The Reformers warned Western Europe about the threat from the Muslim East and drew comparisons between Islam and antichrist in their teachings and writings.
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The document provides background information on the Crusades:
Pope Urban II called for the Crusades in the 11th century to retake the Holy Lands from the Seljuk Turks. He hoped this would unite Christianity and increase the power and prestige of the Church. Thousands answered the call for religious and political reasons. The Crusades had mixed success in retaking lands but ultimately failed in their goal. They led to increased trade and the rise of stronger centralized monarchies in Europe.
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Crusades
The Crusades were a series of holy wars launched by European Christians between the 11th and 13th centuries with the goal of regaining control of holy sites in Jerusalem from Muslim rule. Jerusalem was an important religious site for Christians, Muslims, and Jews. In 1071, Seljuk Turks stopped allowing Christian pilgrims to visit Jerusalem, prompting Pope Gregory VII to plan a crusade. Although Gregory died before launching it, subsequent popes called for additional crusades over the next two centuries, with varying degrees of success in retaking Jerusalem but ultimately failing to maintain permanent Christian control of the region.
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The document discusses the Crusades that took place during medieval Europe. It describes how Jerusalem was an important religious site for Jews, Christians, and Muslims. In the late 1000s, control of Jerusalem shifted to Muslim rulers, making pilgrimages more dangerous. In 1095, the Pope called for armies to take back Jerusalem from the Seljuk Turks. The First Crusade saw armies travel to the region and take Jerusalem in 1099, massacring many Muslim and Jewish inhabitants. Later Crusades failed to reclaim Jerusalem, with Saladin recapturing the city for Muslims in 1187. The Fourth Crusade in 1204 saw Crusaders destroy Constantinople instead, weakening the Byzantine Empire. While failing
The Crusades
The document discusses the Crusades, a series of religious wars launched by the Catholic Church between the 11th and 13th centuries with the goal of regaining control of Christian holy sites in Jerusalem from Muslim rule. Pope Urban II initiated the First Crusade by calling on European Christians to fight to reclaim the Holy Land. While the Crusades succeeded in temporarily taking Jerusalem, they ultimately failed in permanently retaking and maintaining control of the Holy Land from Muslim powers like Saladin.
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analysts was to conclude the existence of an inherently anti-Western global Islamic threat. Muslim rulers in Tunisia, Algeria, Egypt, Turkey, Indonesia, and the Central Asian Republics as well as Israel, India, the Philippines have used the danger of Islamic radicalism to attract American and European foreign aid
and to deflect from the failures of their governments or the indiscriminate suppression of opposition movements, mainstream as well as extremists.
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The document discusses the religious wars known as the Crusades between Christians and Muslims over control of the Holy Land of Palestine from 1095 to the late 1100s. It provides background on how the Muslim conquest of Palestine in 1050 led the Pope to call for the Crusades to drive Muslims out. The first Crusade was initially successful in capturing Jerusalem, but later Crusades resulted in victories for Saladin and the Muslims as he unified Muslim forces and retook the city for Islam. The Crusades established long-term religious conflict between Christians and Muslims over the Holy Land and increased trade and cultural exchange between Europe and the Middle East.
Crusades
The Pope had significant influence over Western Europe during the Middle Ages. Pope Urban II called the Crusades in 1096 to retake Jerusalem from Muslim rule and restore it for Christian pilgrimage. The Crusades aimed to unite Christians under the Pope and give knights a purposeful mission. Crusaders included serfs, children, women, nuns, and knights who wanted to fight. While the Crusades failed to permanently retake the Holy Land, they increased cultural exchange between Europe and the East.
The crusades
The document discusses the Crusades between Christians and Muslims over control of the Holy Land between the 11th and 13th centuries. It describes some of the causes of the Crusades, including reports of Muslim attacks on Christian pilgrims and shrines, as well as increasing intolerance between the religions. The Crusades resulted in both short term effects like temporary Christian gains in territory and long term effects such as the weakening of the papacy, rise of strong centralized nations and kings, and lasting inter-religious hatred and intolerance.
Lit crusade powerpoint
The Crusades were a series of wars launched by European Christians against Muslims to regain control of holy sites in the Middle East. There were nine Crusades from 1095 to 1291 that aimed to retake Jerusalem from Muslim rule. The First Crusade succeeded in capturing Jerusalem in 1099 and established the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. Subsequent Crusades were launched in response to Muslim reconquests of Crusader territories, such as the Second Crusade after the fall of Edessa and the Third Crusade after Saladin recaptured Jerusalem in 1187. The Fourth Crusade unexpectedly sacked the Christian city of Constantinople instead of going to the Holy Land.
The Medieval Ages
The document provides an overview of the medieval ages in Europe, covering major periods and events between the 11th and 15th centuries. It discusses factors that led to peace and prosperity like the revitalization of the Church and rise of feudalism. Significant events included the Crusades, outbreak of the bubonic plague that killed up to half of Europe's population, and the development of knighthood, monasticism, and universities. The document also examines the power struggle between the Church and kings, witch hunts, agricultural advances, growth of trade and cities, architectural achievements, and the Hundred Years' War between England and France.
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The document provides an overview of important events in Europe from the fall of Rome to the Crusades. It describes the Dark Ages period and the lack of cultural advancements after Rome's fall. It discusses the rise of the Frankish kingdom and the conquests of Clovis and Charlemagne who expanded Frankish rule. It also summarizes the origins of Islam under Muhammad and the rapid expansion of the Islamic empire. The Viking Age and invasions across Europe are outlined as well as the Norman conquest of England at the Battle of Hastings in 1066.
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The document summarizes the Crusades that took place over 200 years between the 11th and 13th centuries. It provides background on how the Seljuk Turks took control of Jerusalem, leading Pope Urban II to organize the First Crusade to recapture the Holy Land in 1095. The Crusades were driven by religious and political motivations for both Christians in Europe and Muslim leaders trying to regain control. The document outlines several Crusades and notable leaders on both sides, such as Saladin who retook Jerusalem for Muslims, and Richard the Lionheart who led the Third Crusade but failed to retake Jerusalem for Christians. The Crusades ultimately ended in failure for Christians and had lasting impacts through increased trade, education, and the
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The document discusses the Catholic Church and Crusades between 1000-1300 AD. It describes the political and social influence of the Catholic Church during this period and the issues of heresy that led to the Inquisition. It then summarizes the origins and goals of the Crusades, including the Peasants' Crusade and Nobles' Crusade that captured Jerusalem in 1099. Finally, it discusses the later Crusades including Saladin retaking Jerusalem and the failure of the Third Crusade.
Causes of the_crusades
The document discusses the Crusades between 1096-1291. It provides context about the goals of the Crusades, which were for Christians to retake Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslim rule in order to restore it for Christian pilgrimage. Pope Urban II launched the Crusades in 1096 to unite Christians under his influence and give knights a purposeful mission. The Crusaders were groups like serfs, children, women, and knights who joined the Crusades for various reasons such as a desire for change, belief in the mission, or to have something to fight for.
The crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars launched by European Christians between 1096-1291 aimed at gaining control of Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslim rule. Pope Urban II called Christian warriors to the First Crusade to help the Byzantine Empire against Turkish attacks. Although the Crusaders succeeded in taking Jerusalem, establishing four states, their control was short-lived and marked significant economic, political, and social changes in Europe and its relations with the Islamic world.
The crusades
The Crusades were a series of military expeditions organized by the Pope and European kings between 1096-1396 CE to take the Holy Land from Muslim rule. There were economic motivations as well, as European kings wanted to control trade routes in the Orient. While the First Crusade succeeded in taking Jerusalem, later Crusades failed to retain control of the Holy Land due to infighting between Christian factions, stronger Muslim armies at times, and settlements that were difficult for Europeans to support from far away.
Crusades powerpoint
This document provides an overview of several topics from the High Middle Ages:
1) The Crusades were launched in response to Muslim control of holy sites, and stimulated trade between Europe and Asia as Asian goods were brought back.
2) Trade revived for several reasons, including increased contact during the Crusades and the rise of trade centers like Flanders.
3) Towns grew as serfdom declined, allowing serfs to leave manors for opportunities in urban areas or changing agricultural practices.
What the Reformers Taught on Islam
The document summarizes the views of Protestant Reformers like Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Jonathan Edwards on Islam and the Muslim Ottoman Empire. It discusses how they interpreted various biblical passages as referring to Islam or the Turks, viewed Muhammad as a false prophet, and saw the Ottoman Empire as aligned with antichrist and the enemy of Christianity that needed to be resisted through preaching and prayer. The Reformers warned Western Europe about the threat from the Muslim East and drew comparisons between Islam and antichrist in their teachings and writings.
The Crusades[1]
The document provides background information on the Crusades:
Pope Urban II called for the Crusades in the 11th century to retake the Holy Lands from the Seljuk Turks. He hoped this would unite Christianity and increase the power and prestige of the Church. Thousands answered the call for religious and political reasons. The Crusades had mixed success in retaking lands but ultimately failed in their goal. They led to increased trade and the rise of stronger centralized monarchies in Europe.
Crusades - Ethics and Comparative Religion
The document discusses the Crusades, which were a series of military expeditions made by European Christians between the 11th and 13th centuries to recover the Holy Land from Muslim rule. It provides background on the Crusades, outlining religious, political, social, and economic reasons for them. It then summarizes each Crusade, including locations, results, involved Christian and Muslim powers. Finally, it discusses the results of the Crusades, including increased alienation between Christians and Muslims and revolutionizing European civilization and economic systems by exposure to advanced Muslim societies.
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Why should Emperor Conrad lead the crusades Use bible verse.Sol.pdf
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Solution
The word \"crusade\" literally means \"going to the Cross.\" Hence the idea at the time was to
urge Christian warriors to go to Palestine and free Jerusalem and other holy places from Muslim
domination. The first crusade was a grand success for the Christian armies; Jerusalem and other
cities fell to the knights. The second crusade, however, ended in humiliation in 1148, when the
armies of France and Germany failed to take Damascus. The third ended in 1192 in a
compromise between English king Richard the Lion-Hearted of England and the Muslim leader
Saladin, who granted access to Christians to the holy places. The fourth crusade led to the
sacking of Constantinople, where a Latin Kingdom of Byzantium was set up in 1204 and lasted
for about 60 years. The Children\'s Crusade of 1212 ended with thousands of children being sold
into slavery, lost, or killed. Other less disastrous but equally futile crusades occurred until nearly
the end of the 13th century. The last Latin outpost in the Muslim world fell in 1291.
Historians have viewed the Crusades as a mixture of benefits and horrors. On one hand, there
was a new knowledge of the East and the possibilities of trade to be found there, not to mention
the spread of Christianity. On the other hand, Christianity was spread in a violent, militaristic
manner, and the result was that new areas of possible trade turned into new areas of conquest and
bloodshed. A number of non-Christians lost their lives to Christian armies in this era, and this
trend would continue in the inquisitions of the coming centuries.
The Crusades were a series of wars by Western European Christians to recapture the Holy Land
from the Muslims. The Crusades began in 1095 and ended in the mid- or late 13th century. The
term Crusade was originally applied solely to European efforts to retake from the Muslims the
city of Jerusalem, which was sacred to Christians as the site of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. It
was later used to designate any military effort by Europeans against non-Christians.
The Crusaders carved out feudal states in the Near East. Thus the Crusades are an important
early part of the story of European expansion and colonialism. They mark the first time Western
Christendom undertook a military initiative far from home, the first time significant numbers left
to carry their culture and religion abroad.
In addition to the campaigns in the East, the Crusading movement includes other wars against
Muslims, pagans, and dissident Christians and the general expansion of Christian Europe. In a
broad sense the Crusades were an expression of militant Christianity and European expansion.
They combined religious interests with secular and military enterprises. Christians learned to live
in different cultures, which they learned and absorbed; they also imposed something of their own
characteristics on these cultures. The Crusades strongly affected the imagina.
Reformation or Islamisation
This document discusses the threat of radical Islam in Europe and calls for a new Christian reformation and spiritual revival to counter this threat. It argues that secularism and hedonism have weakened Europe's Christian foundations and left it vulnerable to Islamic influence. Statistics are presented showing growing Muslim populations in several European countries. The document warns that if current trends continue, Europe risks losing its culture and freedoms and falling under Islamic law. It calls Christians to wake up to the crisis, engage in evangelism, prayer and biblical teaching to conquer this threat rather than being fearful or complacent.
A biblical viewpoint on death, middle east and errorism 2
A biblical viewpoint on death, middle east and errorism 2Rivers of Joy Baptist Church, Pastor/Teacher Charles e Whisnant
The document discusses the origins and beliefs of different religious groups in the Middle East, including:
1) It describes the American Black Muslim Movement started by Elijah Muhammad as a hybrid belief system combining teachings from Wallace Fard, the Watchtower Society, and some elements of Islam.
2) It outlines some core Islamic beliefs, including the view that the world is divided between the "House of Peace" (where Allah rules) and the "House of War" (where infidels live), and that defeating Israel would please Allah.
3) It briefly summarizes the history of Christianity in Armenia and the Armenian Genocide by Ottoman Turks in the early 20th century that killed over 1 million Armenians.ย
The swordofmilitantislam (1)
This document discusses the spread and impact of militant Islam over the past 1400 years. It claims that 270 million non-believers were murdered by Muslim jihadists during that period, including 60 million Christians in the Middle East and North Africa and 80 million Hindus in South Asia. It then provides population statistics and predictions about the growth of Islam in various European countries over the next few decades, arguing that Muslims will become the majority in many countries unless trends change. The document characterizes Islam as a "killing machine" and "anti-civilization cult" that has brought misery wherever it has spread.
The Lost History of Christianity - There's so much more than thought!
Most histories cover the Church's expansion into Europe, America and the rest of the world.
Yet Christianity also developed in the East: in Mesopotamia, Persia, Armenia, India, China and also Africa.
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More from Peter Hammond
John and Charles Wesley
The Wesley brothers, John and Charles, were central figures of the 18th century Evangelical Revival in Britain. They grew up during the Industrial Revolution, a time of rapid social and economic change. Both brothers experienced spiritual crises and conversions that led them to preach the doctrine of justification by faith alone, sparking widespread evangelism across Britain and literally transforming society.
Girolamo Savonarola - The Reformer of Florence
Savonarola was born in 1452 in Ferrara, Italy to a noble family. He studied philosophy, logic, and medicine before becoming a monk in 1475 and joining the Dominicans. He was sent to Florence where he began fearlessly preaching against the corruption and immorality he saw in the Catholic Church and Florentine society. Savonarola gained a large following and confronted the ruling Medici family. When the Medici's power waned, Savonarola became ruler of Florence for three years and instituted moral reforms. However, he made enemies, including Pope Alexander VI, who had Savonarola excommunicated, imprisoned, and tortured. Remaining steadfast in his beliefs,
Jan Hus - The Reformer of Prague
Jan Hus was a 15th century Bohemian priest who preached reformist views that challenged the Catholic Church's corruption and abuse of power. Inspired by John Wycliffe's teachings, Hus denounced the sale of indulgences and sins of clergy. He was excommunicated, summoned to a church council, and despite an imperial guarantee of safe passage, was imprisoned and burned at the stake for heresy. Hus' martyrdom helped spread reformist resistance against Rome's authority and led to military conflicts between Hussite followers and the Holy Roman Empire.
Anne of Bohemia
Anne of Bohemia was the eldest daughter of the Holy Roman Emperor and a friend of the Protestant Reformation. She loved studying the Bible and protected John Wycliffe from persecution. Anne encouraged Bohemian students to study under Wycliffe and helped spread Reformation teachings throughout Europe. Her marriage to King Richard II of England was said to be happy. However, Anne tragically died of plague at age 27, deeply mourning by the people of England. Her influence helped spread Reformation ideas to Bohemia and beyond.
The Waldesians Firm and Faithful Alpine Fighters for the Faith
Peter Waldo was a wealthy merchant in Lyons, France who gave away all his possessions after a friend's death led him to seriously consider his soul. He had priests translate the Gospels into French and was convicted by what he read. Waldo and his followers, called the Waldensians, sought to live in voluntary poverty and preach the Gospel, which brought persecution from the Catholic Church. Despite centuries of persecution, the Waldensians survived and helped inspire reformers like Jan Hus, spreading the Gospel across Europe through traveling preachers.
Countering Halloween Witchcraft with Biblical Reformation
This document discusses Halloween and argues that it has origins in pagan rituals rather than Christianity. It describes Halloween traditions like costumes, jack-o-lanterns, and trick-or-treating as having roots in Celtic harvest festivals and Druid practices involving human and animal sacrifices to appease spirits. The document recommends that Christians celebrate Reformation Day instead of Halloween and warns that Halloween promotes occult beliefs and can introduce people to witchcraft. It provides many Bible verses condemning pagan practices and encouraging Christians to stand against evil.
William Wilberforce and the Campaign to End Slavery
This document provides background on William Wilberforce and his lifelong crusade to abolish the slave trade in Britain. It details how Wilberforce was inspired by his Christian faith to take on this cause, despite facing overwhelming opposition. After years of persistent effort, public awareness campaigns, and legal battles, Wilberforce succeeded in getting Parliament to pass acts abolishing the slave trade in 1807 and emancipating all slaves in the British Empire by 1833, just before his death. The document emphasizes Wilberforce's moral leadership and the role of his evangelical Christian faith in fueling his determination to achieve these landmark reforms.
Queen Elizabeth I and the Spanish Armada
Queen Elizabeth I was England's greatest queen who successfully established Protestantism and led England during a golden age. Under her 45-year reign, England defeated the Spanish Armada, establishing itself as a naval power. Shakespeare and other artists flourished during her Protestant rule, which contrasted with the Catholic persecutions under her half-sister Queen Mary I. The Spanish Armada posed an immense threat in 1588 as it sought to invade England, but the Royal Navy led by Hawkins and Drake used superior cannons to defeat the larger Spanish fleet in a decisive victory.
A Christian Perspective on the War in Ukraine
This document provides a Christian perspective on the war in Ukraine from Dr. Peter Hammond. It makes several key points in 3 or fewer sentences:
The war pits millions of Christians against each other and has caused much suffering. Ukraine has a history of oppression under communism, particularly Stalin's regime which caused millions of deaths. Attempts to expand NATO and draw Ukraine away from Russia's sphere of influence helped precipitate the conflict despite warnings from Russia.
Hudson Taylor - Missionary to China
Hudson Taylor was a British Protestant Christian missionary to China in the 19th century. He founded the China Inland Mission, now known as OMF International, which became a large missionary organization that focused on evangelizing interior regions of China. Some key aspects:
- Taylor was called to be a missionary to China from a young age and prepared extensively through language study, theology study, and living frugally.
- He adopted Chinese dress and customs to better connect with Chinese people and viewed this as important for an indigenous church. This was controversial among other missionaries.
- Taylor started the China Inland Mission in 1865 with the goal of sending missionaries deep into China without salaries and relying on faith for provisions.
The Challenge of Missions
This document discusses the challenge of finding suitable missionary volunteers. It notes that while opportunities for missionary work are vast, there are not enough volunteers to fill positions on the mission field. It attributes this shortage to modern secular culture that discourages long-term commitment and sacrifice. The document then outlines the qualities needed for effective missionary work, including diligent Bible study, strong Christian character, integrity, a positive attitude, and a willingness to endure hardship and criticism. It provides examples from missionary pioneers who exhibited these qualities and were willing to sacrifice all for the cause of missions.
Motives for Missions
This document provides 17 reasons for why the evangelization of non-Christians (the heathen) is important. It argues that all people are lost and in need of salvation due to humanity's sinful nature. It cites biblical passages stating that Jesus is the only way to salvation and that he commands followers to spread the gospel message to all nations. The document emphasizes that God loves all people and that the whole world belongs to him. It concludes by stating that the Lord is worthy of all praise, worship, and honor.
Samuel Zwemer and the Mission to Muslims
Samuel Zwemer (1867-1951) was a Dutch-American missionary who dedicated his life to bringing Christianity to Muslims. He grew up in a missionary family and felt called from a young age to take the gospel to followers of Islam. After facing rejection from missionary boards, he co-founded the American-Arabian Mission. Throughout his career, he traveled extensively in the Middle East, wrote prolifically advocating for missions to Muslims, and trained future missionaries. Though he saw few Muslim converts himself, Zwemer laid important groundwork for later missionary efforts and helped mobilize Christians worldwide to reach Muslims with the gospel.
William Tyndale & The Battle for The Bible
1) William Tyndale was burned at the stake in 1536 for translating the Bible into English from the original Greek and Hebrew.
2) Two other Protestant bishops, Hugh Latimer and Nicolas Ridley, were burned at the stake in 1555 at Balliol College, Oxford for their Protestant faith, along with Archbishop Thomas Cranmer four months later.
3) Their martyrdom served to inspire further calls for Bible translation into English and the Protestant Reformation in England, though over 450 years later their sacrifices are often forgotten.
1666 and the Occultic Roots of the New World Disorder
This document summarizes the occult roots and teachings of Sabbatai Zevi, a 17th century Jewish rabbi who declared himself the messiah. Some key points:
1) Zevi taught that salvation comes through sin and redemption is achieved through deception and breaking religious laws. He encouraged sexual immorality and breaking dietary laws.
2) Zevi's teachings, known as Sabbateanism, spread rapidly among Jews but he was rejected by many rabbis. When threatened with death by the Sultan, he converted to Islam.
3) Sabbatean followers believed conversion was part of Zevi's messianic mission and continued secret Sabbatean practices after
George Whitefield - Calvinist, Evangelist and Revivalist
George Whitefield (1714-1770) was an influential English Anglican priest and leader in the 18th century Protestant evangelical movement known as the Great Awakening. He was renowned as an eloquent preacher who drew immense crowds across Britain and America through his passionate open-air sermons. Whitefield helped spark revivals of Christianity in both countries and established orphanages and schools. Though he had theological differences with John Wesley, the two were ultimately reconciled and helped spread evangelical Christianity. Whitefield preached an extraordinary number of sermons in his lifetime and traveled extensively despite poor health, establishing himself as one of the most important religious figures of his era.
The POWER of PRAYER
The document discusses the importance and power of prayer in the church and for Christians. It notes that prayer meetings used to be a central part of church life but have declined in many Western churches today. When the author was first converted, their local church had vibrant weekly prayer meetings, men's meetings, and outreach events, but these were suspended due to conflicts with television viewing. The document advocates that prayer, studying the Bible, and evangelism should be core priorities and activities for all Christians and churches. It provides many examples from the Bible of the emphasis on prayer and how prayer strengthened the early church.
Oliver Cromwell the Protector and the English Civil War
Oliver Cromwell was a dedicated Puritan and military leader who played a pivotal role in the English Civil War and overthrow of the monarchy. As a member of Parliament, he helped dismantle the King's oppressive powers and supported religious freedom. Cromwell went on to select and train a highly disciplined New Model Army that proved victorious against Royalist forces. However, he opposed Presbyterian attempts to impose religious uniformity, believing in liberty of conscience. This led to further conflict and ultimately the trial and execution of King Charles I in 1649, with Cromwell establishing himself as Lord Protector afterwards.
Prayer and Missions in Acts
The document provides an overview of the Book of Acts, describing it as an account of the origin and expansion of the early Christian church. It summarizes that Acts shows Christianity conquering pagan cultures through the power of the Holy Spirit, acting as a missionary manual. Key events and figures in the spread of Christianity are highlighted, obstacles to communicating the gospel cross-culturally are examined, and the church's strategies for successful missionary work are outlined.
Charles Spurgeon The Puritan Prince of Preachers
Charles Spurgeon was the greatest preacher of the 19th century. Born in 1834 in England, he was called to preach at a young age and went on to establish the largest church in London, the Metropolitan Tabernacle, which seated over 5,000 people. He faced intense opposition but was a prolific author and preacher, with his sermons being published weekly and translated into over 20 languages, selling over 100 million copies total. He preached to an estimated 10 million people in his lifetime and was a leading voice against ritualism and liberal theology of his time.
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The Crusades and Colonialism
- 1. by Dr. Peter Hammond
- 4. by Dr. Peter Hammond
- 5. A Common tactic used by many Muslims, and their apologists, is to accuse the West of having subjected Islamic nations to European colonialism.
- 6. However, while Western colonialism and conquests of Muslim lands lasted for approximately 130 years, from the 1830s to the 1960s, Muslim colonisation of European lands lasted over 1,300 years.
- 7. Inspired by Muhammadโs doctrine of Jihad, the Saudi Arabians launched the first major colonial enterprise in history.
- 8. Arabs invaded and colonised Palestine in 633, Syria in 637, Jerusalem in 638, Egypt in 641, Persia beginning in 642, Spain in 711, Sicily in 827, and Rome was conquered and sacked in 846.
- 9. The Muslims invaded and colonised Spain for 800 years, Portugal for 600 years, Greece for 500 years, Bulgaria for 500 years, Romania for 400 years, Serbia for 400 years, Sicily for 300 years, Hungary for over 150 years.
- 10. Muslims struggled, but failed, to conquer Malta
- 11. Muslims struggled, but failed, to conquer Austria
- 12. Muslims struggled, but failed, to conquer Italy,
- 13. Muslims struggled, but failed, to conquer Cyprus
- 14. Muslims also struggled, but failed, to conquer Armenia, Poland, Georgia, Ukraine and Russia. Bosnia, Kosovo and Albania, which were Muslim colonies for hundreds of years, continue to be areas of intense violence and destabilisation, to this day.
- 15. One wonders why so much more attention has been given to the Crusades which lasted less than 200 years than to Islamic Jihad, which has continued for 1,400 years, and in some places is intensifying at this time.
- 16. The portrayal of the Crusades as imperialistic and colonial enterprises against โpeace-loving and tolerantโ Muslims who were minding their own business in the Middle East is imaginative fiction.
- 17. While the Encyclopaedia Britannica could publish many pages on the Crusades, it was silent on Jihad.
- 18. Yet, the Crusades were only a belated reaction to centuries of Islamic Jihad.
- 19. Seldom do modern historians or journalists recognise that the crusades were a military response of Christian Europe to five centuries of Muslim aggression against Christian lands.
- 20. The Crusades reacted to the systematic abuse and persecution of indigenous Christian populations in these lands which the Muslims had invaded.
- 21. Professor Thomas Madden has written: โThe Crusades are quite possibly the most misunderstood event in European history.โ
- 22. The Christians who took part in the 1999 โReconciliation Walkโ travelled to Turkey, Syria, Lebanon and Israel asking for forgiveness for what their ancestors may have done during the Crusades, some 900 years before.
- 23. Had these individuals known their history, they would have realised that these were previously Christian lands which Muslims had invaded.
- 24. Muslims massacred tens of thousands of Christians,
- 25. Desecrated and destroyed over 30,000 churches
- 26. and demolished some of the most important churches in Christendom, such as the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.
- 27. Muslims seem obsessed with the Christian Crusades, but have forgotten their own pervasive Jihad.
- 28. The unintended consequences of such well-meaning, but obviously misinformed, Christians apologising for the Crusades, is that it encourages Muslim radicalism. It shows them that Western Christians are weak.
- 29. There is nothing Muslims respect more than strength;
- 30. there is nothing they despise more than weakness.
- 31. Christian apologies for the Crusades encourages the self-righteousness endemic in Islam and encourages millions of Muslims in their hatred of the West in general and Christianity in particular.
- 32. There is no doubt that Islamic violence against Christians has exponentially increased throughout the Middle East and worldwide since 1999.
- 40. In fact, the number of Christians in the Middle East has decreased dramatically from 15 million in 2000, to barely 13 million today.
- 41. Ignorance of history makes one vulnerable to guilt manipulation and exploitation. Those who forget the lessons of history are doomed to repeat its mistakes.
- 42. REFORMATION SOCIETY PO Box 74 Newlands, 7725 Cape Town South Africa E-mail: info@ReformationSA.org Web: www.ReformationSA.org
- 58. Frontline Fellowship PO Box 74 Newlands 7725 Cape Town South Africa E-mail: admin@frontline.org.za Web: www.frontline.org.za