The Cherokee lived in the southeastern United States along river valleys, with populations of 350-650 people per village and a total of around 300,000 Cherokee. They practiced agriculture, growing crops like corn, beans, and pumpkins. Men hunted deer, bears, and moose while women wove clothes from animal skins and crafted pottery. The Cherokee society was matriarchal and they had both a white chief for peace matters and a red chief for war. They spoke the Iroquoian Cherokee language as well as English by the 19th century. Music was an important part of ceremonies and celebrations, featuring drums, flutes, and other woodwind instruments.