The Boiling Frog Theory on Population
Systems thinkers have given us a useful metaphor for a certain kind of human behavior in
the phenomenon of the boiled frog. The phenomenon is this. If you drop a frog in a pot of
boiling water, it will of course frantically try to clamber out. But if you place it gently in
a pot of tepid water and turn the heat on low, it will float there quite placidly. As the
water gradually heats up, the frog will sink into a tranquil stupor, exactly like one of us in
a hot bath, and before long, with a smile on its face, it will unresistingly allow itself to be
boiled to death.
We all know stories of frogs being tossed into boiling water - for example, a young
couple being plunged into catastrophic debt by an unforeseen medical emergency. A
contrary example, an example of the smiling boiled frog, is that of a young couple who
gradually use their good credit to buy and borrow themselves into catastrophic debt.
Cultural examples exist as well. About six thousand years ago the goddess-worshipping
societies of Old Europe were engulfed in a boiling up of our culture that Marija Gimbutas
called Kurgan Wave Number One; they struggled to clamber out but eventually
succumbed. The Plains Indians of North America, who were engulfed in another boiling
up of our culture in the 1870s, constitute another example; they struggled to clamber out
over the next two decades, but they too finally succumbed.
A contrary example, an example of the smiling-boiled-frog phenomenon, is provided by
our own culture. When we slipped into the cauldron, the water was a perfect temperature,
not too hot, not too cold. Can anyone tell me when that was? Anyone?
Blank faces.
I've already told you, but I'll ask again, a different way. When did we become we? Where
and when did the thing called us begin? Remember: East and West, twins of a common
birth. Where? And when?
Well, of course: in the Near East, about ten thousand years ago. That's where our
peculiar, defining form of agriculture was born, and we began to be we. That was our
cultural birthplace. That was where and when we slipped into that beautifully pleasant
water: the Near East, ten thousand years ago.
As the water in the cauldron slowly heats, the frog feels nothing but a pleasant warmth,
and indeed that's all there is to feel. A long time has to pass before the water begins to be
dangerously hot, and our own history demonstrates this. For fully half our history, the
first five thousand years, signs of distress are almost nonexistent. The technological
innovations of this period bespeak a quiet life, centered around hearth and village - sun-
dried brick, kiln-fired pottery, woven cloth, the potter's wheel, and so on. But gradually,
imperceptibly, signs of distress begin to appear, like tiny bubbles at the bottom of a pot.
What shall we look for, as signs of distress? Mass suicides? Revolution? Terrorism? No,
of cour.
The document discusses the domestication of animals and how it led to the development of early civilizations. It explains that domestication of animals and plants, having a surplus of food and resources, and specialization of labor were the three essential elements that allowed civilizations to form. It provides examples of how these elements contributed to ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations. Specialization of labor allowed for division of jobs beyond just farming, and those in power would control distribution of surplus food.
The document discusses evidence of cultural behavior in early humans from around 3.5 million years ago. It notes that African populations began making stone tools by shaping rocks into cutting and hunting tools. The earliest known stone tools, called Oldowan tools, date back 2.5 million years ago and were found in Tanzania's Olduvai Gorge. While simple, Oldowan tools represent the first evidence of humans learning to recognize different rock types and minerals, and passing tool-making skills between generations, demonstrating early cultural behavior.
The Worst Mistake In The History Of The Human Raceby Jared.docxchristalgrieg
"The Worst Mistake In The History Of The Human Race"
by Jared Diamond, Prof. UCLA School of Medicine
Discover-May 1987, pp. 64-66
To science we owe dramatic changes in our smug self-image. Astronomy taught
us that our Earth isn't the center of the universe but merely one of billions of heavenly
bodies. From biology we learned that we weren't specially created by God but evolved
along with millions of other species. Now archaeology is demolishing another sacred
belief: that human history over the past million years has been a long tale of progress. In
particular, recent discoveries suggest that the adoption of agriculture, supposedly our
most decisive step toward a better life, was in many ways a catastrophe from which we
have never recovered. With agriculture came the gross social and sexual inequality, the
disease and despotism,that curse our existence.
At first, the evidence against this revisionist interpretation will strike twentieth
century Americans as irrefutable. We're better off in almost every respect than people of
the Middle Ages who in turn had it easier than cavemen, who in turn were better off than
apes. Just count our advantages. We enjoy the most abundant and varied foods, the best
tools and material goods, some of the longest and healthiest lives, in history. Most of us
are safe from starvation and predators. We get our energy from oil and machines, not
from our sweat. What neo-Luddite among us would trade his life for that of a medieval
peasant, a caveman, or an ape?
For most of our history we supported ourselves by hunting and gathering: we
hunted wild animals and foraged for wild plants. It's a life that philosophers have
traditionally regarded as nasty, brutish, and short. Since no food is grown and little is
stored, there is (in this view) no respite from the struggle that starts anew each day to find
wild foods and avoid starving. Our escape from this misery was facilitated only 10,000
years ago, when in different parts of the world people began to domesticate plants and
animals. The agricultural revolution gradually spread until today it's nearly universal and
few tribes of hunter-gatherers survive.
From the progressivist perspective on which I was brought
up to ask "Why did almost all our hunter-gatherer ancestors adopt
agriculture?" is silly. Of course they adopted it because agriculture
is an efficient way to get more food for less work. Planted crops
yield far more tons per acre than roots and berries. Just imagine a
band of savages, exhausted from searching for nuts or chasing wild
animals, suddenly gazing for the first time at a fruit-laden orchard
or a pasture full of sheep. How many milliseconds do you think it
would take them to appreciate the advantages of agriculture?
The progressivist party line sometimes even goes so far as to
credit agriculture with the remarkable flowering of art that has taken
place over the past few thousand years. Since crops can be stored,
and since it takes less time to pick ...
Saturn: Roman God of Agriculture & CivilizationVapula
This document summarizes the key arguments made by Jared Diamond in his article "The Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race". Diamond argues that the adoption of agriculture led to worse health and nutrition outcomes for many early farmers compared to hunter-gatherers. Paleopathological evidence from skeletal remains shows early farmers experienced greater malnutrition, infectious disease, and shorter average lifespans. Diamond believes agriculture encouraged population growth and inequality between social classes and sexes, ultimately trapping societies into an unsustainable system, though it allowed for greater food production.
This paper is written to question the wide spread belief among anthropologists that pre historic hunter gatherers knew about agriculture long before agriculture began to be practiced. The paper suggests gradually accumulating human knowledge led to the development of agriculture, rather than population pressure, favourable mutations or convenient climate all of which would have occurred at various times long before agriculture was developed without leading to the discovery of agriculture.
33 College Essay Examples For Admi. Online assignment writing service.Ashley Hernandez
1. The document provides instructions for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process for creating an account, submitting a request, reviewing bids from writers, authorizing payment, and receiving revisions if needed.
2. Users must register with a password and email, then complete a form with assignment details, sources, and deadline. They can attach a sample of their writing for style imitation.
3. HelpWriting uses a bidding system where users can review writer qualifications and feedback to select one for their project. They place a deposit to start the assignment.
Here are some key points that could be made about what makes humans and societies "civilized":
- Permanent settlements as opposed to nomadic lifestyles. Living in one place allows for more complex social organization and specialization of labor.
- Agriculture and food production. A reliable food source supports larger, more complex populations.
- Advanced tools and technology. The development of tools like plows, pottery, wheels, etc. signifies more advanced problem-solving skills.
- Social hierarchy and organization. Roles like leaders, craftspeople, traders indicate division of labor and more intricate social structures.
- Cultural achievements. Monuments, art, writing systems demonstrate surplus production and leisure time for non
Here are some key points that could be made about what makes humans and societies "civilized":
- Permanent settlements as opposed to nomadic lifestyles. Living in one place allows for more complex social organization and specialization of labor.
- Agriculture and food production. A reliable food source supports larger, more complex populations.
- Advanced tools and technology. The development of tools like plows, pottery, wheels, etc. improves standards of living.
- Formal social hierarchies and government. More complex social structures with defined roles like leaders, priests, artisans.
- Cultural achievements. Monuments, art, writing systems, advanced skills in areas like math, science that demonstrate intellectual/c
The document discusses the domestication of animals and how it led to the development of early civilizations. It explains that domestication of animals and plants, having a surplus of food and resources, and specialization of labor were the three essential elements that allowed civilizations to form. It provides examples of how these elements contributed to ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations. Specialization of labor allowed for division of jobs beyond just farming, and those in power would control distribution of surplus food.
The document discusses evidence of cultural behavior in early humans from around 3.5 million years ago. It notes that African populations began making stone tools by shaping rocks into cutting and hunting tools. The earliest known stone tools, called Oldowan tools, date back 2.5 million years ago and were found in Tanzania's Olduvai Gorge. While simple, Oldowan tools represent the first evidence of humans learning to recognize different rock types and minerals, and passing tool-making skills between generations, demonstrating early cultural behavior.
The Worst Mistake In The History Of The Human Raceby Jared.docxchristalgrieg
"The Worst Mistake In The History Of The Human Race"
by Jared Diamond, Prof. UCLA School of Medicine
Discover-May 1987, pp. 64-66
To science we owe dramatic changes in our smug self-image. Astronomy taught
us that our Earth isn't the center of the universe but merely one of billions of heavenly
bodies. From biology we learned that we weren't specially created by God but evolved
along with millions of other species. Now archaeology is demolishing another sacred
belief: that human history over the past million years has been a long tale of progress. In
particular, recent discoveries suggest that the adoption of agriculture, supposedly our
most decisive step toward a better life, was in many ways a catastrophe from which we
have never recovered. With agriculture came the gross social and sexual inequality, the
disease and despotism,that curse our existence.
At first, the evidence against this revisionist interpretation will strike twentieth
century Americans as irrefutable. We're better off in almost every respect than people of
the Middle Ages who in turn had it easier than cavemen, who in turn were better off than
apes. Just count our advantages. We enjoy the most abundant and varied foods, the best
tools and material goods, some of the longest and healthiest lives, in history. Most of us
are safe from starvation and predators. We get our energy from oil and machines, not
from our sweat. What neo-Luddite among us would trade his life for that of a medieval
peasant, a caveman, or an ape?
For most of our history we supported ourselves by hunting and gathering: we
hunted wild animals and foraged for wild plants. It's a life that philosophers have
traditionally regarded as nasty, brutish, and short. Since no food is grown and little is
stored, there is (in this view) no respite from the struggle that starts anew each day to find
wild foods and avoid starving. Our escape from this misery was facilitated only 10,000
years ago, when in different parts of the world people began to domesticate plants and
animals. The agricultural revolution gradually spread until today it's nearly universal and
few tribes of hunter-gatherers survive.
From the progressivist perspective on which I was brought
up to ask "Why did almost all our hunter-gatherer ancestors adopt
agriculture?" is silly. Of course they adopted it because agriculture
is an efficient way to get more food for less work. Planted crops
yield far more tons per acre than roots and berries. Just imagine a
band of savages, exhausted from searching for nuts or chasing wild
animals, suddenly gazing for the first time at a fruit-laden orchard
or a pasture full of sheep. How many milliseconds do you think it
would take them to appreciate the advantages of agriculture?
The progressivist party line sometimes even goes so far as to
credit agriculture with the remarkable flowering of art that has taken
place over the past few thousand years. Since crops can be stored,
and since it takes less time to pick ...
Saturn: Roman God of Agriculture & CivilizationVapula
This document summarizes the key arguments made by Jared Diamond in his article "The Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race". Diamond argues that the adoption of agriculture led to worse health and nutrition outcomes for many early farmers compared to hunter-gatherers. Paleopathological evidence from skeletal remains shows early farmers experienced greater malnutrition, infectious disease, and shorter average lifespans. Diamond believes agriculture encouraged population growth and inequality between social classes and sexes, ultimately trapping societies into an unsustainable system, though it allowed for greater food production.
This paper is written to question the wide spread belief among anthropologists that pre historic hunter gatherers knew about agriculture long before agriculture began to be practiced. The paper suggests gradually accumulating human knowledge led to the development of agriculture, rather than population pressure, favourable mutations or convenient climate all of which would have occurred at various times long before agriculture was developed without leading to the discovery of agriculture.
33 College Essay Examples For Admi. Online assignment writing service.Ashley Hernandez
1. The document provides instructions for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process for creating an account, submitting a request, reviewing bids from writers, authorizing payment, and receiving revisions if needed.
2. Users must register with a password and email, then complete a form with assignment details, sources, and deadline. They can attach a sample of their writing for style imitation.
3. HelpWriting uses a bidding system where users can review writer qualifications and feedback to select one for their project. They place a deposit to start the assignment.
Here are some key points that could be made about what makes humans and societies "civilized":
- Permanent settlements as opposed to nomadic lifestyles. Living in one place allows for more complex social organization and specialization of labor.
- Agriculture and food production. A reliable food source supports larger, more complex populations.
- Advanced tools and technology. The development of tools like plows, pottery, wheels, etc. signifies more advanced problem-solving skills.
- Social hierarchy and organization. Roles like leaders, craftspeople, traders indicate division of labor and more intricate social structures.
- Cultural achievements. Monuments, art, writing systems demonstrate surplus production and leisure time for non
Here are some key points that could be made about what makes humans and societies "civilized":
- Permanent settlements as opposed to nomadic lifestyles. Living in one place allows for more complex social organization and specialization of labor.
- Agriculture and food production. A reliable food source supports larger, more complex populations.
- Advanced tools and technology. The development of tools like plows, pottery, wheels, etc. improves standards of living.
- Formal social hierarchies and government. More complex social structures with defined roles like leaders, priests, artisans.
- Cultural achievements. Monuments, art, writing systems, advanced skills in areas like math, science that demonstrate intellectual/c
The Bible says that iron sharpens iron as one man sharpens another.docxtodd541
The Bible says that iron sharpens iron as one man sharpens another. This passage speaks to the design God has for relationships here on earth. Specifically, the journey to achieve a doctoral degree should not be conducted alone (Lehna, Hermanns, Monsivias, & Engebretson, 2016). Doctoral work stretches learning and experiences to their breaking point. The break is intended for the boxes and walls built in the current knowledge and beliefs one holds to give way to new ideas and expressions. These ideas and expressions aid in new solutions, or reframing established solutions for modern audiences to complex social problems. As such, the journey to dive deep into a field requiring command and application of the vast knowledge contained will need partnerships such as mentors (Harbman, Bryant-Lukosious, Martin-Misner, Carter, Covell, Donald, & Valaitis, 2017).
Finding a mentor and having a solid match
Empirical studies conclude mentor relationships improve a student’s ability to learn and retain knowledge and skill in many environments (Asgari & Carter, 2016). Mentor/mentee studies of minority scholars find increases in academic and career-related achievements for more than 97% of participants. These participants moved two letter grades and increased career positions over those without mentor relationships (Ooms, Werker, & Hopp, 2018; Witrrup, Hussain, Albright, Hurd, Varner, & Mattis, 2016).
The critical characteristic of successful mentor/mentee relationships is correlated to the compatibility of the pair or group (Harbman, Bryant-Lukosious, Martin-Misner, Carter, Covell, Donald, & Valaitis, 2017; Witrrup, Hussain, Albright, Hurd, Varner, & Mattis, 2016). The focus of study and career should be considered as a parallel point in a choice of mentor. Mentee's would lose time, trust, and loyalty to their mentor if they chose someone that does not have a specific strength in the field of focus. Nurses experience higher rates of job satisfaction based on matching higher skilled nurses with novice staff (Harbman, Bryant-Lukosious, Martin-Misner, Carter, Covell, Donald, & Valaitis, 2017).
It appears an application of iron sharpening iron can be applied from what the above empirical data shows. The Bible does not say that iron sharpens copper. As such, experienced and knowledgeable nurses will hone novice nurses. Leaders with more years and experiences will instill the organizational knowledge to mentees. Iron is compatible with iron. Strategic leader students should then find mentors that are established and knowledgeable leaders to learn from.
The right mentor
In social work practices, it is necessary to find a mentor that has an expanse of knowledge and experience. This need for relevant education and experience is especially real in child/adult protection leadership. It is ever changing and evolving. A mentor that has twenty to thirty years of experience is difficult to find in North Carolina. I am blessed to have a mentor with more than th.
The best evidence of the first deliberate human burial dates back al.docxtodd541
The best evidence of the first deliberate human burial dates back almost 100,000 years, and the idea of ancestor veneration has persisted for millennia. The way that a living community responds to death reveals much about their sense of identity and particularly the group’s religious and spiritual traditions. Choose a culture/region from the list below and include in your paper responses to both of the following questions:
Mesopotamians keeping ancestral skulls on display in the home
Indians burning the funeral pyre on the River Ganges
Asians modifying the bones of the dead during “secondary burials”
Romans arranging the deceased in visible underground catacombs
Medieval Eastern Europeans preventing vampires or other revenants
How do burial rituals build identity and strengthen the sense of community for the living?
What factors have shaped these customs and values—religious, political, geographical, etc.?
Fully develop your findings in a 2-3 page paper, and be sure to format your paper and cite your research sources as per APA guidelines.
.
The Beyond Madness webring consists of many internet sites concernin.docxtodd541
The Beyond Madness webring consists of many internet sites concerning mental disorders. Go to http://www.webring.org/hub?ring=bmadness to look at a list of those sites. (Copy and paste the address).
Find a site in which a person gives a personal account of what it is like to have a mental disorder (choose one of the disorders described in the book) and go to that site. MAKE SURE THAT IT IS A NEW SITE, SOMETHING NO ONE HAS ALREADY CHOSEN. Read that person's description of his or her experience and answer the following questions:
1. Tell us what you know about the person and what disorder is portrayed. REMEMBER TO CHOOSE A NEW SITE, SOMETHING NO ONE ELSE HAS CHOSEN ALREADY. What difficulties does that person have to cope with that most people do not? What has it been like for that person to cope with mental disorder?
(3 points)
2. Does that person's self-description fit with the description provided in the textbook? Why or why not? Be specific, detailed and GIVE PAGE NUMBER REFERENCES.
(3 points)
3. What is your reaction to that person's story? What do you think it is like to be that person?
(4 points)
Here are other answer for another students
I chose to discuss Justin Timberlake who in 2008 admitted that he had ocd and add. I am not a huge fan of his but I appreciate that he suffers from 2 illnesses. As I have depression and add it's interesting to me how they interact. In regards to Justin I located statements he had made on
www.disable-world.com
,
www.femalefirst.co.uk
and
www.anxietyguru.net
. I wanted to use more than one site to highlight how his symptoms affected him. When I went to the Beyond Madness site and looked at OCD I was surprised at how many people were suspected of having OCD like Charles Darwin and Ludwig Van Beethoven. When you think of the systematic way in which Darwin organized his notes for the
Origin of Species
one can see that the skills needed for such specific a book would require a person who would be able to give a systematic outline for what they were observing. What I knew about Justin Timberlake prior to this assignment was limited to his work as a performer. He says that his OCD affects many parts of his daily life. OCD is made up of compulsions and obsessions. Both need not be present for a diagnosis to be reached. A person can have obsessions without compulsions. His obsessions include that everything around him be lined up. He also can only have specific foods in his fridge and of course, they must be in a specific place. This did cause problems with his girlfriend Jessica Alba when she moved in and had to work with Justin on this issue. Justin cites that he loves to perform and that in spite of his OCD and ADD he is still able to perform. There is something very stimulating about being on stage so that stimulation may be the boost he needs.It's helpful for persons with ADD not to be distracted by details but rather able to concentrate on their own activities. Justin's description does mirror muc.
The authors assert that the use of mobile devices in our society.docxtodd541
The authors assert that the use of mobile devices in our society today has indeed become ubiquitous. Research indicates that mobile computing has vastly accelerated in popularity over the last decade due to several factors noted by the authors. Identify these factors, and discuss some of the security risks associated with mobile computing that would need to be considered in an information goverance program.
.
The best practices for incident response in the cloud.Use .docxtodd541
The best practices for incident response in the cloud.
Use at least three sources. Include at least 3 quotes from your sources enclosed in quotation marks and cited in-line by reference to your reference list. Cite your sources. Do not copy. Write in essay format not in bulleted, numbered or other list format.
.
The Beneficiary will be responsible for Primary responsibiliti.docxtodd541
The Beneficiary will be responsible for:
Primary responsibilities include Installation and configuration of multiple instances of
ITIM, Web Sphere, LDAP – IBM Directory Server and IDI.
Design, implement, and support various Identity and Access Management (IAM)
solutions.
Conduct in depth technical IAM research, assessments and performance analysis to
support and design technical automated IAM strategies.
Lead scalability and performance planning for future IAM needs.
Review and adjust existing IAM processes (provisioning, de-provisioning, re-
certifications, etc..) to ensure that they are aligned with industry best practices.
Provide guidance and support for management of non-human accounts.
Lead technical project execution to identify and close gaps between proposed and
implemented designs.
Worked on IBM Security Directory Integrator (ISDI).
Technical Requirement Gathering: was responsible for gathering the user provisioning
requirement for all the endpoints of ITIM Selection, installation and configuration of
Endpoint Agents for ITIM.
Integrate IBM WebSphere portal, IBM Directory Server, Tivoli access manager, Web
SEAL, IBM WebSphere.
Used Global Service Manager, which is a ticketing system to resolve several service
requests, Incidents and activities and provided 24/7 service to resolve the issues.
Developed a plan to install the IBM TAM components policy server, authorization
server, and user registry on the IBM xSeries servers.
Involved with IFIM team to implement federations via SAML, OAuth, and WS-FED
utilizing Federated Identity Manager
Worked on IBM Security Governance and Intelligence (ISIGI).
.
The benchmark assesses the following competency4.2 Communicate .docxtodd541
The benchmark assesses the following competency:
4.2 Communicate therapeutically with patients.
The RN to BSN program meets the requirements for clinical competencies as defined by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) and the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), using nontraditional experiences for practicing nurses. These experiences come in the form of direct and indirect care experiences in which licensed nursing students engage in learning within the context of their hospital organization, specific care discipline, and local communities.
Note: The teaching plan proposal developed in this assignment will be used to develop your Community Teaching Plan: Community Presentation due in Topic 5. You are strongly encouraged to begin working on your presentation once you have received and submitted this proposal.
Select one of the following as the focus for the teaching plan:
Primary Prevention/Health Promotion
Secondary Prevention/Screenings for a Vulnerable Population
Bioterrorism/Disaster
Environmental Issues
Use the "Community Teaching Work Plan Proposal" resource to complete this assignment. This will help you organize your plan and create an outline for the written assignment.
After completing the teaching proposal, review the teaching plan proposal with a community health and public health provider in your local community.
Request feedback (strengths and opportunities for improvement) from the provider.
Complete the "Community Teaching Experience" form with the provider. You will submit this form in Topic 5.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is not necessary.
Attachments
NRS-428VN-RS3-CommunityTeachingWorkPlanProposal.docx
.
The benchmark assesses the following competency4.2 Communic.docxtodd541
The benchmark assesses the following competency:
4.2 Communicate therapeutically with patients.
The RN to BSN program at Grand Canyon University meets the requirements for clinical competencies as defined by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) and the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), using nontraditional experiences for practicing nurses. These experiences come in the form of direct and indirect care experiences in which licensed nursing students engage in learning within the context of their hospital organization, specific care discipline, and local communities.
Note: The teaching plan proposal developed in this assignment will be used to develop your Community Teaching Plan: Community Presentation due in Topic 5. You are strongly encouraged to begin working on your presentation once you have received and submitted this proposal.
Select one of the following as the focus for the teaching plan:
Primary Prevention/Health Promotion
Secondary Prevention/Screenings for a Vulnerable Population
Bioterrorism/Disaster
Environmental Issues
Use the "Community Teaching Work Plan Proposal" resource to complete this assignment. This will help you organize your plan and create an outline for the written assignment.
After completing the teaching proposal, review the teaching plan proposal with a community health and public health provider in your local community.
Request feedback (strengths and opportunities for improvement) from the provider.
Complete the "Community Teaching Experience" form with the provider. You will submit this form in Topic 5.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
.
The benchmark assesses the following competencies1.4 Partic.docxtodd541
The benchmark assesses the following competencies:
1.4 Participate in health care policy development to influence nursing practice and health care.
Research public health issues on the "Climate Change" or "Topics and Issues" pages of the American Public Health Association (APHA) website. Investigate a public health issue related to an environmental issue within the U.S. health care delivery system and examine its effect on a specific population.
Write a 750-1,000-word policy brief that summarizes the issue, explains the effect on the population, and proposes a solution to the issue.
Follow this outline when writing the policy brief:
Describe the policy health issue. Include the following information: (a) what population is affected, (b) at what level does it occur (local, state, or national), and (c) evidence about the issues supported by resources.
Create a problem statement.
Provide suggestions for addressing the health issue caused by the current policy. Describe what steps are required to initiate policy change. Include necessary stakeholders (government officials, administrator) and budget or funding considerations, if applicable.
Discuss the impact on the health care delivery system.
Include three peer-reviewed sources and two other sources to support the policy brief.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
.
The Beneficiary will be responsible for Primary responsibilit.docxtodd541
The Beneficiary will be responsible for:
Primary responsibilities include Installation and configuration of multiple instances of
ITIM, Web Sphere, LDAP – IBM Directory Server and IDI.
Design, implement, and support various Identity and Access Management (IAM)
solutions.
Conduct in depth technical IAM research, assessments and performance analysis to
support and design technical automated IAM strategies.
Lead scalability and performance planning for future IAM needs.
Review and adjust existing IAM processes (provisioning, de-provisioning, re-
certifications, etc..) to ensure that they are aligned with industry best practices.
Provide guidance and support for management of non-human accounts.
Lead technical project execution to identify and close gaps between proposed and
implemented designs.
Worked on IBM Security Directory Integrator (ISDI).
Technical Requirement Gathering: was responsible for gathering the user provisioning
requirement for all the endpoints of ITIM Selection, installation and configuration of
Endpoint Agents for ITIM.
Integrate IBM WebSphere portal, IBM Directory Server, Tivoli access manager, Web
SEAL, IBM WebSphere.
Used Global Service Manager, which is a ticketing system to resolve several service
requests, Incidents and activities and provided 24/7 service to resolve the issues.
Developed a plan to install the IBM TAM components policy server, authorization
server, and user registry on the IBM xSeries servers.
Involved with IFIM team to implement federations via SAML, OAuth, and WS-FED
utilizing Federated Identity Manager
Worked on IBM Security Governance and Intelligence (ISIGI).
.
The Bennett Company uses standard costing. The company makes and sel.docxtodd541
The Bennett Company uses standard costing. The company makes and sells a single products called "The Hopper". The following data are for the month of October. Note: all materials purchased was used in production. There were no beginning or ending raw materials inventories.
Actual cost of direct labor $65,975
Labor rate variance 2,275 U
Total labor variance 7,175 U
Standard cost per direct labor hour $7
Standard cost per pound of material $6
Actual pounds of material used 11,200
Material price variance $2,800 F
Standard pounds of material per unit 2.5
Total materials variance $1,400 U
1.)
The total number of units of "The Hopper" produced during October was
A.)9,100
B.)4,480
C.)8,400
D.)4,200
2.)
The standard direct labor hours allowed to produce one unit of "The Hopper" was
A.)2 hours
B.)3 hours
C.)1.75 hours
D.)2.17 hours
3.)
The actual labor cost per hour was
A.)$7.00
B.)$7.85
C.)$7.25
D.)$8.00
4.)
The actual material cost per pound was
A.)$6.40
B.)$5.75
C.)$5.40
D.)$6.25
.
The benchmark assesses the following competencies3.3 Provide in.docxtodd541
The benchmark assesses the following competencies:
3.3 Provide individualized education to diverse patient populations in a variety of health care settings.
The RN to BSN program at Grand Canyon University meets the requirements for clinical competencies as defined by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) and the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), using nontraditional experiences for practicing nurses. These experiences come in the form of direct and indirect care experiences in which licensed nursing students engage in learning within the context of their hospital organization, specific care discipline, and local communities.
Based on the feedback offered by the provider, identify the best approach for teaching. Prepare a presentation based on the Teaching Work Plan and present the information to your community.
Options for Delivery
Select one of the following options for delivery and prepare the applicable presentation:
PowerPoint presentation – no more than 30 minutes
Pamphlet presentation – 1 to 2 pages
Audio presentation
Poster presentation
Selection of Community Setting
These are considered appropriate community settings. Choose one of the following:
Public health clinic
Community health center
Long-term care facility
Transitional care facility
Home health center
University/School health center
Church community
Adult/Child care center
Community Teaching Experience Approval Form
Before presenting information to the community, seek approval from an agency administrator or representative using the "Community Teaching Experience Approval Form." Submit this form as directed in the Community Teaching Experience Approval assignment drop box.
General Requirements
While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
.
The below needs to be in 500 word limit in APA format with reference.docxtodd541
The below needs to be in 500 word limit in APA format with references and citations
Using the following link as your reference, select TWO and explain the differences
(viruses, worms, trojans, and bots).
What Is the Difference: Viruses, Worms, Trojans, and Bots?
.
The Belmont Report (1979) and the Declaration of Helsinki (196.docxtodd541
The
Belmont Report (1979)
and the
Declaration of Helsinki (1964)
serve to reinforce a view that such ethical codes are all that are necessary to protect vulnerable research participants. However, these codes also require thoughtful moral interpretation. In the context of time (1932) and place (Macon County, Alabama), do you believe that moral interpretation of the ethical principles of both of these documents would have influenced Nurse Rivers’ role in the Tuskegee
Syphilis
study? How? Why? In the context of present day (2020), apply
your
interpretation of the ethical principles from these documents to research involving human subjects anywhere. What might
account
for the differences in the role of Nurse Rivers then and the role of the nurse involved in research today?
.
THE BENEDICTINESBenedictine order introA) The B.docxtodd541
THE BENEDICTINES
Benedictine order: intro
A) The Benedictines: INTRO
About 70 years after the fall of Rome, one finds Benedict of Nursia .
He was born around 480 ce and died about 547.
A) The Benedictines: INTRO
You know that the Desert Fathers and Mothers have been around since the 200’s…
… so the idea of Christian men and women living in prayer and solitude is already centuries old
A) The Benedictines: INTRO
A monk named Pachomius is credited with the idea of those Desert Hermits…
…forming into groups and living in community.
So by the time of St Benedict, the idea was a familiar one.
Benedict really made it work, though. He had a lot of common sense, so his ideas about how to live in communities lasted!
A) The Benedictines: INTRO
His first abbey was founded in Italy in 529.
By 708, there were also Benedictine monasteries in France!
The following slide shows the monastery of Mont Saint Michel.
Mont Saint Michel; Wikipedia; 5 July 2011; Photo by DAVID ILIFF. License: CC-BY-SA 3.0
Mont Saint Michel; 20 11 2005 Wikipedia
Mont Saint Michel 15 09 2011 Ввласенко Wikipedia
Cloister inside Mont Saint Michel 9 9 2008 Wikipedia
A) The Benedictines: INTRO
One of the main “purposes” or “gifts” or “charisms” of the Benedictine Monastery was HOSPITALITY.
Sometimes Benedictine monasteries even served as hospitals or medical centers (“such as they were”) in medieval times.
Imagine wandering on foot, cold and hungry, and exhausted, with no Motels in existence…and then seeing ahead of you..
…all lit up of course with candles and fire-places, instead of gas….
Mont Saint Michel at night from land bridge; 20 09 2006 Benh LIEU SONG Wikipedia
What a comfort that would be!
They would take you in…and you could spend the night (HOSPITALITY) and feed you…
..and they had herbs and salves to give you, if you were feeling ill or had blisters.
A) The Benedictines: INTRO
In the 900’’s, another French abbey, at Cluny, was founded.
In the 1100’s, it was consecrated by the Pope and had become very powerful.
(the next slide shows where Cluny is located)
https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&ccid=7gRWEEGY&id=
472A6BF0DCAE757E31D01EF93C1603457BE41771&thid=
OIP.7gRWEEGYa4VSc5Y08VuEQgHaGJ&mediaurl=https%3a%2f%2fwww.greyworldnomads.com
%2fwp-content%2fuploads%2f2018%2f01%2fWhere-is-Cluny-Abbey-on-map-France
.jpg&exph=570&expw=686&q=cluny+monasteries+map&simid=608003072965085976&selectedIndex=0&ajaxhist=0
In the following slide, you can see how all the IMPORTANT MEN OF POWER were gathered around the consecration (“blessing”) of this monastic complex.
Again: the Church is involved with culture, money, and power.
Consecration of Cluny by Urban II in 1100’s (Bibliotheque Nationale) Wikipedia
A) The Benedictines: INTRO
The original Church from the 1100’s was destroyed. Additional parts were built up over centuries.
Here is a model of how the whole thing looked in medieval times.
A.
The below need to be critiquedThe Southeast Planning Group (S.docxtodd541
The below need to be critiqued:
The Southeast Planning Group (SPG) is an organization that was created in 2000 to facilitate the Office of Housing and Urban Development’s (HUD) Continuum of Care planning process (Laufer, 2011). The change that took place was Stakeholders were split in their views of the changes—some agreed that they were necessary in order to advance the goals of the organization, while others felt the new leadership was “taking over” with a hidden agenda to promote its own self-interest (Laufer, 2011). It seemed at first the Southeast Planning group was effective at the beginning. What lacked was the lack of confidence in growing the organization. A strategy that might improve the organizational climate return the organization to optimal functioning is for the director to have more confidence in the program. In addition having a leadership style that is more open to change and be able to communicate without feeling afraid of what is to come next. A leader must also pay attention to recruiting and retaining employees (Northouse,2021).
.
THE BELMONT REPORT Office of the Secretary Ethical Princip.docxtodd541
THE BELMONT REPORT
Office of the Secretary
Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human
Subjects of Research
The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of
Biomedical and Behavioral Research
April 18, 1979
AGENCY: Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
ACTION: Notice of Report for Public Comment.
SUMMARY: On July 12, 1974, the National Research Act (Pub. L. 93-348) was signed into law, there-by creating the
National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. One of the
charges to the Commission was to identify the basic ethical principles that should underlie the conduct of biomedical
and behavioral research involving human subjects and to develop guidelines which should be followed to assure that
such research is conducted in accordance with those principles. In carrying out the above, the Commission was
directed to consider: (i) the boundaries between biomedical and behavioral research and the accepted and routine
practice of medicine, (ii) the role of assessment of risk-benefit criteria in the determination of the appropriateness of
research involving human subjects, (iii) appropriate guidelines for the selection of human subjects for participation in
such research and (iv) the nature and definition of informed consent in various research settings.
The Belmont Report attempts to summarize the basic ethical principles identified by the Commission in the course of
its deliberations. It is the outgrowth of an intensive four-day period of discussions that were held in February 1976 at
the Smithsonian Institution's Belmont Conference Center supplemented by the monthly deliberations of the
Commission that were held over a period of nearly four years. It is a statement of basic ethical principles and
guidelines that should assist in resolving the ethical problems that surround the conduct of research with human
subjects. By publishing the Report in the Federal Register, and providing reprints upon request, the Secretary intends
that it may be made readily available to scientists, members of Institutional Review Boards, and Federal employees.
The two-volume Appendix, containing the lengthy reports of experts and specialists who assisted the Commission in
fulfilling this part of its charge, is available as DHEW Publication No. (OS) 78-0013 and No. (OS) 78-0014, for sale by
the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.
Unlike most other reports of the Commission, the Belmont Report does not make specific recommendations for
administrative action by the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. Rather, the Commission recommended that
the Belmont Report be adopted in its entirety, as a statement of the Department's policy. The Department requests
public comment on this recommendation.
National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of
Biomedical and Behavioral Resea.
The Benefits and Risks of Using Skype at Darcy’s .docxtodd541
The Benefits and Risks of
Using Skype at Darcy’s:
A Short Report
September 20, 2013
Prepared for:
Darcy’s Department Store
Prepared by:
Student Name
BUS105
2
Background
The East Coast buyers for Darcy’s Department Store are looking for an economical and
efficient way to share information about the deals buyers are getting from various
suppliers and use real-time transmission of that information between one another to
help save money.
There are a number of tools to do this, but Skype has been mentioned as a leading
contender. Skype claims to be an easy to use, online tool that allows users to connect
with any other Skype user around the world for free. A user can make video and voice
calls to other Skype users at no charge. Users can even share files among themselves,
which provides a great asset during a business meeting. However, when there are group
video calls, then Skype begins to charge a fee.
Also, for buyers throughout the East Coast, this tool can be useful if they need to talk
with one another. However, for meetings that require more than two attendees, Skype
is not a useful tool and is not intended to work that way for business.
Benefits
Among the most attractive benefits of Skype is that it is free and you can see the person
you are talking with. To purchase a software license for 20 buyers that is compatible to
what Skype can do will cost Darcy’s roughly $1,500 per month. There are no hidden
charges with Skype. According to Skype’s web page, users get video and voice calls to
other Skype users and “instant messaging and file sharing” all at no charge.
The video sharing feature of Skype will allow the buyers to see products in real time.
For example, if two buyers are looking at similar merchandise from two different
suppliers who are offering different pricing, then they can quickly Skype one another
and compare the product to see if it is the same and to then get the best pricing for it.
Two business writers for the Auburn Citizen in NY, state that there are business users
“who can save time and money in scheduling and holding conferences or training
sessions, demonstrate products or services for potential customers, and extend
customer service by showing customers how to get the most from your product” (Leon
and Leon).
Downsides
Despite the benefits mentioned above, there are clear downsides to this product. I
tested Skype over a one-week period by calling various Skype users throughout the East
Coast and tried to simulate a conversation that a buyer might have.
First, using Skype takes getting used to. During my five-day test, I never mastered the
connection stage. This is when one Skype user “calls” another Skype user. Skype makes
3
a distinctive sound that lets the user know it is making a call. However, once you
connect to whom you are calling, the picture shows, but it takes abo.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
The Bible says that iron sharpens iron as one man sharpens another.docxtodd541
The Bible says that iron sharpens iron as one man sharpens another. This passage speaks to the design God has for relationships here on earth. Specifically, the journey to achieve a doctoral degree should not be conducted alone (Lehna, Hermanns, Monsivias, & Engebretson, 2016). Doctoral work stretches learning and experiences to their breaking point. The break is intended for the boxes and walls built in the current knowledge and beliefs one holds to give way to new ideas and expressions. These ideas and expressions aid in new solutions, or reframing established solutions for modern audiences to complex social problems. As such, the journey to dive deep into a field requiring command and application of the vast knowledge contained will need partnerships such as mentors (Harbman, Bryant-Lukosious, Martin-Misner, Carter, Covell, Donald, & Valaitis, 2017).
Finding a mentor and having a solid match
Empirical studies conclude mentor relationships improve a student’s ability to learn and retain knowledge and skill in many environments (Asgari & Carter, 2016). Mentor/mentee studies of minority scholars find increases in academic and career-related achievements for more than 97% of participants. These participants moved two letter grades and increased career positions over those without mentor relationships (Ooms, Werker, & Hopp, 2018; Witrrup, Hussain, Albright, Hurd, Varner, & Mattis, 2016).
The critical characteristic of successful mentor/mentee relationships is correlated to the compatibility of the pair or group (Harbman, Bryant-Lukosious, Martin-Misner, Carter, Covell, Donald, & Valaitis, 2017; Witrrup, Hussain, Albright, Hurd, Varner, & Mattis, 2016). The focus of study and career should be considered as a parallel point in a choice of mentor. Mentee's would lose time, trust, and loyalty to their mentor if they chose someone that does not have a specific strength in the field of focus. Nurses experience higher rates of job satisfaction based on matching higher skilled nurses with novice staff (Harbman, Bryant-Lukosious, Martin-Misner, Carter, Covell, Donald, & Valaitis, 2017).
It appears an application of iron sharpening iron can be applied from what the above empirical data shows. The Bible does not say that iron sharpens copper. As such, experienced and knowledgeable nurses will hone novice nurses. Leaders with more years and experiences will instill the organizational knowledge to mentees. Iron is compatible with iron. Strategic leader students should then find mentors that are established and knowledgeable leaders to learn from.
The right mentor
In social work practices, it is necessary to find a mentor that has an expanse of knowledge and experience. This need for relevant education and experience is especially real in child/adult protection leadership. It is ever changing and evolving. A mentor that has twenty to thirty years of experience is difficult to find in North Carolina. I am blessed to have a mentor with more than th.
The best evidence of the first deliberate human burial dates back al.docxtodd541
The best evidence of the first deliberate human burial dates back almost 100,000 years, and the idea of ancestor veneration has persisted for millennia. The way that a living community responds to death reveals much about their sense of identity and particularly the group’s religious and spiritual traditions. Choose a culture/region from the list below and include in your paper responses to both of the following questions:
Mesopotamians keeping ancestral skulls on display in the home
Indians burning the funeral pyre on the River Ganges
Asians modifying the bones of the dead during “secondary burials”
Romans arranging the deceased in visible underground catacombs
Medieval Eastern Europeans preventing vampires or other revenants
How do burial rituals build identity and strengthen the sense of community for the living?
What factors have shaped these customs and values—religious, political, geographical, etc.?
Fully develop your findings in a 2-3 page paper, and be sure to format your paper and cite your research sources as per APA guidelines.
.
The Beyond Madness webring consists of many internet sites concernin.docxtodd541
The Beyond Madness webring consists of many internet sites concerning mental disorders. Go to http://www.webring.org/hub?ring=bmadness to look at a list of those sites. (Copy and paste the address).
Find a site in which a person gives a personal account of what it is like to have a mental disorder (choose one of the disorders described in the book) and go to that site. MAKE SURE THAT IT IS A NEW SITE, SOMETHING NO ONE HAS ALREADY CHOSEN. Read that person's description of his or her experience and answer the following questions:
1. Tell us what you know about the person and what disorder is portrayed. REMEMBER TO CHOOSE A NEW SITE, SOMETHING NO ONE ELSE HAS CHOSEN ALREADY. What difficulties does that person have to cope with that most people do not? What has it been like for that person to cope with mental disorder?
(3 points)
2. Does that person's self-description fit with the description provided in the textbook? Why or why not? Be specific, detailed and GIVE PAGE NUMBER REFERENCES.
(3 points)
3. What is your reaction to that person's story? What do you think it is like to be that person?
(4 points)
Here are other answer for another students
I chose to discuss Justin Timberlake who in 2008 admitted that he had ocd and add. I am not a huge fan of his but I appreciate that he suffers from 2 illnesses. As I have depression and add it's interesting to me how they interact. In regards to Justin I located statements he had made on
www.disable-world.com
,
www.femalefirst.co.uk
and
www.anxietyguru.net
. I wanted to use more than one site to highlight how his symptoms affected him. When I went to the Beyond Madness site and looked at OCD I was surprised at how many people were suspected of having OCD like Charles Darwin and Ludwig Van Beethoven. When you think of the systematic way in which Darwin organized his notes for the
Origin of Species
one can see that the skills needed for such specific a book would require a person who would be able to give a systematic outline for what they were observing. What I knew about Justin Timberlake prior to this assignment was limited to his work as a performer. He says that his OCD affects many parts of his daily life. OCD is made up of compulsions and obsessions. Both need not be present for a diagnosis to be reached. A person can have obsessions without compulsions. His obsessions include that everything around him be lined up. He also can only have specific foods in his fridge and of course, they must be in a specific place. This did cause problems with his girlfriend Jessica Alba when she moved in and had to work with Justin on this issue. Justin cites that he loves to perform and that in spite of his OCD and ADD he is still able to perform. There is something very stimulating about being on stage so that stimulation may be the boost he needs.It's helpful for persons with ADD not to be distracted by details but rather able to concentrate on their own activities. Justin's description does mirror muc.
The authors assert that the use of mobile devices in our society.docxtodd541
The authors assert that the use of mobile devices in our society today has indeed become ubiquitous. Research indicates that mobile computing has vastly accelerated in popularity over the last decade due to several factors noted by the authors. Identify these factors, and discuss some of the security risks associated with mobile computing that would need to be considered in an information goverance program.
.
The best practices for incident response in the cloud.Use .docxtodd541
The best practices for incident response in the cloud.
Use at least three sources. Include at least 3 quotes from your sources enclosed in quotation marks and cited in-line by reference to your reference list. Cite your sources. Do not copy. Write in essay format not in bulleted, numbered or other list format.
.
The Beneficiary will be responsible for Primary responsibiliti.docxtodd541
The Beneficiary will be responsible for:
Primary responsibilities include Installation and configuration of multiple instances of
ITIM, Web Sphere, LDAP – IBM Directory Server and IDI.
Design, implement, and support various Identity and Access Management (IAM)
solutions.
Conduct in depth technical IAM research, assessments and performance analysis to
support and design technical automated IAM strategies.
Lead scalability and performance planning for future IAM needs.
Review and adjust existing IAM processes (provisioning, de-provisioning, re-
certifications, etc..) to ensure that they are aligned with industry best practices.
Provide guidance and support for management of non-human accounts.
Lead technical project execution to identify and close gaps between proposed and
implemented designs.
Worked on IBM Security Directory Integrator (ISDI).
Technical Requirement Gathering: was responsible for gathering the user provisioning
requirement for all the endpoints of ITIM Selection, installation and configuration of
Endpoint Agents for ITIM.
Integrate IBM WebSphere portal, IBM Directory Server, Tivoli access manager, Web
SEAL, IBM WebSphere.
Used Global Service Manager, which is a ticketing system to resolve several service
requests, Incidents and activities and provided 24/7 service to resolve the issues.
Developed a plan to install the IBM TAM components policy server, authorization
server, and user registry on the IBM xSeries servers.
Involved with IFIM team to implement federations via SAML, OAuth, and WS-FED
utilizing Federated Identity Manager
Worked on IBM Security Governance and Intelligence (ISIGI).
.
The benchmark assesses the following competency4.2 Communicate .docxtodd541
The benchmark assesses the following competency:
4.2 Communicate therapeutically with patients.
The RN to BSN program meets the requirements for clinical competencies as defined by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) and the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), using nontraditional experiences for practicing nurses. These experiences come in the form of direct and indirect care experiences in which licensed nursing students engage in learning within the context of their hospital organization, specific care discipline, and local communities.
Note: The teaching plan proposal developed in this assignment will be used to develop your Community Teaching Plan: Community Presentation due in Topic 5. You are strongly encouraged to begin working on your presentation once you have received and submitted this proposal.
Select one of the following as the focus for the teaching plan:
Primary Prevention/Health Promotion
Secondary Prevention/Screenings for a Vulnerable Population
Bioterrorism/Disaster
Environmental Issues
Use the "Community Teaching Work Plan Proposal" resource to complete this assignment. This will help you organize your plan and create an outline for the written assignment.
After completing the teaching proposal, review the teaching plan proposal with a community health and public health provider in your local community.
Request feedback (strengths and opportunities for improvement) from the provider.
Complete the "Community Teaching Experience" form with the provider. You will submit this form in Topic 5.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is not necessary.
Attachments
NRS-428VN-RS3-CommunityTeachingWorkPlanProposal.docx
.
The benchmark assesses the following competency4.2 Communic.docxtodd541
The benchmark assesses the following competency:
4.2 Communicate therapeutically with patients.
The RN to BSN program at Grand Canyon University meets the requirements for clinical competencies as defined by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) and the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), using nontraditional experiences for practicing nurses. These experiences come in the form of direct and indirect care experiences in which licensed nursing students engage in learning within the context of their hospital organization, specific care discipline, and local communities.
Note: The teaching plan proposal developed in this assignment will be used to develop your Community Teaching Plan: Community Presentation due in Topic 5. You are strongly encouraged to begin working on your presentation once you have received and submitted this proposal.
Select one of the following as the focus for the teaching plan:
Primary Prevention/Health Promotion
Secondary Prevention/Screenings for a Vulnerable Population
Bioterrorism/Disaster
Environmental Issues
Use the "Community Teaching Work Plan Proposal" resource to complete this assignment. This will help you organize your plan and create an outline for the written assignment.
After completing the teaching proposal, review the teaching plan proposal with a community health and public health provider in your local community.
Request feedback (strengths and opportunities for improvement) from the provider.
Complete the "Community Teaching Experience" form with the provider. You will submit this form in Topic 5.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
.
The benchmark assesses the following competencies1.4 Partic.docxtodd541
The benchmark assesses the following competencies:
1.4 Participate in health care policy development to influence nursing practice and health care.
Research public health issues on the "Climate Change" or "Topics and Issues" pages of the American Public Health Association (APHA) website. Investigate a public health issue related to an environmental issue within the U.S. health care delivery system and examine its effect on a specific population.
Write a 750-1,000-word policy brief that summarizes the issue, explains the effect on the population, and proposes a solution to the issue.
Follow this outline when writing the policy brief:
Describe the policy health issue. Include the following information: (a) what population is affected, (b) at what level does it occur (local, state, or national), and (c) evidence about the issues supported by resources.
Create a problem statement.
Provide suggestions for addressing the health issue caused by the current policy. Describe what steps are required to initiate policy change. Include necessary stakeholders (government officials, administrator) and budget or funding considerations, if applicable.
Discuss the impact on the health care delivery system.
Include three peer-reviewed sources and two other sources to support the policy brief.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
.
The Beneficiary will be responsible for Primary responsibilit.docxtodd541
The Beneficiary will be responsible for:
Primary responsibilities include Installation and configuration of multiple instances of
ITIM, Web Sphere, LDAP – IBM Directory Server and IDI.
Design, implement, and support various Identity and Access Management (IAM)
solutions.
Conduct in depth technical IAM research, assessments and performance analysis to
support and design technical automated IAM strategies.
Lead scalability and performance planning for future IAM needs.
Review and adjust existing IAM processes (provisioning, de-provisioning, re-
certifications, etc..) to ensure that they are aligned with industry best practices.
Provide guidance and support for management of non-human accounts.
Lead technical project execution to identify and close gaps between proposed and
implemented designs.
Worked on IBM Security Directory Integrator (ISDI).
Technical Requirement Gathering: was responsible for gathering the user provisioning
requirement for all the endpoints of ITIM Selection, installation and configuration of
Endpoint Agents for ITIM.
Integrate IBM WebSphere portal, IBM Directory Server, Tivoli access manager, Web
SEAL, IBM WebSphere.
Used Global Service Manager, which is a ticketing system to resolve several service
requests, Incidents and activities and provided 24/7 service to resolve the issues.
Developed a plan to install the IBM TAM components policy server, authorization
server, and user registry on the IBM xSeries servers.
Involved with IFIM team to implement federations via SAML, OAuth, and WS-FED
utilizing Federated Identity Manager
Worked on IBM Security Governance and Intelligence (ISIGI).
.
The Bennett Company uses standard costing. The company makes and sel.docxtodd541
The Bennett Company uses standard costing. The company makes and sells a single products called "The Hopper". The following data are for the month of October. Note: all materials purchased was used in production. There were no beginning or ending raw materials inventories.
Actual cost of direct labor $65,975
Labor rate variance 2,275 U
Total labor variance 7,175 U
Standard cost per direct labor hour $7
Standard cost per pound of material $6
Actual pounds of material used 11,200
Material price variance $2,800 F
Standard pounds of material per unit 2.5
Total materials variance $1,400 U
1.)
The total number of units of "The Hopper" produced during October was
A.)9,100
B.)4,480
C.)8,400
D.)4,200
2.)
The standard direct labor hours allowed to produce one unit of "The Hopper" was
A.)2 hours
B.)3 hours
C.)1.75 hours
D.)2.17 hours
3.)
The actual labor cost per hour was
A.)$7.00
B.)$7.85
C.)$7.25
D.)$8.00
4.)
The actual material cost per pound was
A.)$6.40
B.)$5.75
C.)$5.40
D.)$6.25
.
The benchmark assesses the following competencies3.3 Provide in.docxtodd541
The benchmark assesses the following competencies:
3.3 Provide individualized education to diverse patient populations in a variety of health care settings.
The RN to BSN program at Grand Canyon University meets the requirements for clinical competencies as defined by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) and the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), using nontraditional experiences for practicing nurses. These experiences come in the form of direct and indirect care experiences in which licensed nursing students engage in learning within the context of their hospital organization, specific care discipline, and local communities.
Based on the feedback offered by the provider, identify the best approach for teaching. Prepare a presentation based on the Teaching Work Plan and present the information to your community.
Options for Delivery
Select one of the following options for delivery and prepare the applicable presentation:
PowerPoint presentation – no more than 30 minutes
Pamphlet presentation – 1 to 2 pages
Audio presentation
Poster presentation
Selection of Community Setting
These are considered appropriate community settings. Choose one of the following:
Public health clinic
Community health center
Long-term care facility
Transitional care facility
Home health center
University/School health center
Church community
Adult/Child care center
Community Teaching Experience Approval Form
Before presenting information to the community, seek approval from an agency administrator or representative using the "Community Teaching Experience Approval Form." Submit this form as directed in the Community Teaching Experience Approval assignment drop box.
General Requirements
While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
.
The below needs to be in 500 word limit in APA format with reference.docxtodd541
The below needs to be in 500 word limit in APA format with references and citations
Using the following link as your reference, select TWO and explain the differences
(viruses, worms, trojans, and bots).
What Is the Difference: Viruses, Worms, Trojans, and Bots?
.
The Belmont Report (1979) and the Declaration of Helsinki (196.docxtodd541
The
Belmont Report (1979)
and the
Declaration of Helsinki (1964)
serve to reinforce a view that such ethical codes are all that are necessary to protect vulnerable research participants. However, these codes also require thoughtful moral interpretation. In the context of time (1932) and place (Macon County, Alabama), do you believe that moral interpretation of the ethical principles of both of these documents would have influenced Nurse Rivers’ role in the Tuskegee
Syphilis
study? How? Why? In the context of present day (2020), apply
your
interpretation of the ethical principles from these documents to research involving human subjects anywhere. What might
account
for the differences in the role of Nurse Rivers then and the role of the nurse involved in research today?
.
THE BENEDICTINESBenedictine order introA) The B.docxtodd541
THE BENEDICTINES
Benedictine order: intro
A) The Benedictines: INTRO
About 70 years after the fall of Rome, one finds Benedict of Nursia .
He was born around 480 ce and died about 547.
A) The Benedictines: INTRO
You know that the Desert Fathers and Mothers have been around since the 200’s…
… so the idea of Christian men and women living in prayer and solitude is already centuries old
A) The Benedictines: INTRO
A monk named Pachomius is credited with the idea of those Desert Hermits…
…forming into groups and living in community.
So by the time of St Benedict, the idea was a familiar one.
Benedict really made it work, though. He had a lot of common sense, so his ideas about how to live in communities lasted!
A) The Benedictines: INTRO
His first abbey was founded in Italy in 529.
By 708, there were also Benedictine monasteries in France!
The following slide shows the monastery of Mont Saint Michel.
Mont Saint Michel; Wikipedia; 5 July 2011; Photo by DAVID ILIFF. License: CC-BY-SA 3.0
Mont Saint Michel; 20 11 2005 Wikipedia
Mont Saint Michel 15 09 2011 Ввласенко Wikipedia
Cloister inside Mont Saint Michel 9 9 2008 Wikipedia
A) The Benedictines: INTRO
One of the main “purposes” or “gifts” or “charisms” of the Benedictine Monastery was HOSPITALITY.
Sometimes Benedictine monasteries even served as hospitals or medical centers (“such as they were”) in medieval times.
Imagine wandering on foot, cold and hungry, and exhausted, with no Motels in existence…and then seeing ahead of you..
…all lit up of course with candles and fire-places, instead of gas….
Mont Saint Michel at night from land bridge; 20 09 2006 Benh LIEU SONG Wikipedia
What a comfort that would be!
They would take you in…and you could spend the night (HOSPITALITY) and feed you…
..and they had herbs and salves to give you, if you were feeling ill or had blisters.
A) The Benedictines: INTRO
In the 900’’s, another French abbey, at Cluny, was founded.
In the 1100’s, it was consecrated by the Pope and had become very powerful.
(the next slide shows where Cluny is located)
https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&ccid=7gRWEEGY&id=
472A6BF0DCAE757E31D01EF93C1603457BE41771&thid=
OIP.7gRWEEGYa4VSc5Y08VuEQgHaGJ&mediaurl=https%3a%2f%2fwww.greyworldnomads.com
%2fwp-content%2fuploads%2f2018%2f01%2fWhere-is-Cluny-Abbey-on-map-France
.jpg&exph=570&expw=686&q=cluny+monasteries+map&simid=608003072965085976&selectedIndex=0&ajaxhist=0
In the following slide, you can see how all the IMPORTANT MEN OF POWER were gathered around the consecration (“blessing”) of this monastic complex.
Again: the Church is involved with culture, money, and power.
Consecration of Cluny by Urban II in 1100’s (Bibliotheque Nationale) Wikipedia
A) The Benedictines: INTRO
The original Church from the 1100’s was destroyed. Additional parts were built up over centuries.
Here is a model of how the whole thing looked in medieval times.
A.
The below need to be critiquedThe Southeast Planning Group (S.docxtodd541
The below need to be critiqued:
The Southeast Planning Group (SPG) is an organization that was created in 2000 to facilitate the Office of Housing and Urban Development’s (HUD) Continuum of Care planning process (Laufer, 2011). The change that took place was Stakeholders were split in their views of the changes—some agreed that they were necessary in order to advance the goals of the organization, while others felt the new leadership was “taking over” with a hidden agenda to promote its own self-interest (Laufer, 2011). It seemed at first the Southeast Planning group was effective at the beginning. What lacked was the lack of confidence in growing the organization. A strategy that might improve the organizational climate return the organization to optimal functioning is for the director to have more confidence in the program. In addition having a leadership style that is more open to change and be able to communicate without feeling afraid of what is to come next. A leader must also pay attention to recruiting and retaining employees (Northouse,2021).
.
THE BELMONT REPORT Office of the Secretary Ethical Princip.docxtodd541
THE BELMONT REPORT
Office of the Secretary
Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human
Subjects of Research
The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of
Biomedical and Behavioral Research
April 18, 1979
AGENCY: Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
ACTION: Notice of Report for Public Comment.
SUMMARY: On July 12, 1974, the National Research Act (Pub. L. 93-348) was signed into law, there-by creating the
National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. One of the
charges to the Commission was to identify the basic ethical principles that should underlie the conduct of biomedical
and behavioral research involving human subjects and to develop guidelines which should be followed to assure that
such research is conducted in accordance with those principles. In carrying out the above, the Commission was
directed to consider: (i) the boundaries between biomedical and behavioral research and the accepted and routine
practice of medicine, (ii) the role of assessment of risk-benefit criteria in the determination of the appropriateness of
research involving human subjects, (iii) appropriate guidelines for the selection of human subjects for participation in
such research and (iv) the nature and definition of informed consent in various research settings.
The Belmont Report attempts to summarize the basic ethical principles identified by the Commission in the course of
its deliberations. It is the outgrowth of an intensive four-day period of discussions that were held in February 1976 at
the Smithsonian Institution's Belmont Conference Center supplemented by the monthly deliberations of the
Commission that were held over a period of nearly four years. It is a statement of basic ethical principles and
guidelines that should assist in resolving the ethical problems that surround the conduct of research with human
subjects. By publishing the Report in the Federal Register, and providing reprints upon request, the Secretary intends
that it may be made readily available to scientists, members of Institutional Review Boards, and Federal employees.
The two-volume Appendix, containing the lengthy reports of experts and specialists who assisted the Commission in
fulfilling this part of its charge, is available as DHEW Publication No. (OS) 78-0013 and No. (OS) 78-0014, for sale by
the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.
Unlike most other reports of the Commission, the Belmont Report does not make specific recommendations for
administrative action by the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. Rather, the Commission recommended that
the Belmont Report be adopted in its entirety, as a statement of the Department's policy. The Department requests
public comment on this recommendation.
National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of
Biomedical and Behavioral Resea.
The Benefits and Risks of Using Skype at Darcy’s .docxtodd541
The Benefits and Risks of
Using Skype at Darcy’s:
A Short Report
September 20, 2013
Prepared for:
Darcy’s Department Store
Prepared by:
Student Name
BUS105
2
Background
The East Coast buyers for Darcy’s Department Store are looking for an economical and
efficient way to share information about the deals buyers are getting from various
suppliers and use real-time transmission of that information between one another to
help save money.
There are a number of tools to do this, but Skype has been mentioned as a leading
contender. Skype claims to be an easy to use, online tool that allows users to connect
with any other Skype user around the world for free. A user can make video and voice
calls to other Skype users at no charge. Users can even share files among themselves,
which provides a great asset during a business meeting. However, when there are group
video calls, then Skype begins to charge a fee.
Also, for buyers throughout the East Coast, this tool can be useful if they need to talk
with one another. However, for meetings that require more than two attendees, Skype
is not a useful tool and is not intended to work that way for business.
Benefits
Among the most attractive benefits of Skype is that it is free and you can see the person
you are talking with. To purchase a software license for 20 buyers that is compatible to
what Skype can do will cost Darcy’s roughly $1,500 per month. There are no hidden
charges with Skype. According to Skype’s web page, users get video and voice calls to
other Skype users and “instant messaging and file sharing” all at no charge.
The video sharing feature of Skype will allow the buyers to see products in real time.
For example, if two buyers are looking at similar merchandise from two different
suppliers who are offering different pricing, then they can quickly Skype one another
and compare the product to see if it is the same and to then get the best pricing for it.
Two business writers for the Auburn Citizen in NY, state that there are business users
“who can save time and money in scheduling and holding conferences or training
sessions, demonstrate products or services for potential customers, and extend
customer service by showing customers how to get the most from your product” (Leon
and Leon).
Downsides
Despite the benefits mentioned above, there are clear downsides to this product. I
tested Skype over a one-week period by calling various Skype users throughout the East
Coast and tried to simulate a conversation that a buyer might have.
First, using Skype takes getting used to. During my five-day test, I never mastered the
connection stage. This is when one Skype user “calls” another Skype user. Skype makes
3
a distinctive sound that lets the user know it is making a call. However, once you
connect to whom you are calling, the picture shows, but it takes abo.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
The Boiling Frog Theory on Population Systems thinkers .docx
1. The Boiling Frog Theory on Population
Systems thinkers have given us a useful metaphor for a certain
kind of human behavior in
the phenomenon of the boiled frog. The phenomenon is this. If
you drop a frog in a pot of
boiling water, it will of course frantically try to clamber out.
But if you place it gently in
a pot of tepid water and turn the heat on low, it will float there
quite placidly. As the
water gradually heats up, the frog will sink into a tranquil
stupor, exactly like one of us in
a hot bath, and before long, with a smile on its face, it will
unresistingly allow itself to be
boiled to death.
We all know stories of frogs being tossed into boiling water -
for example, a young
couple being plunged into catastrophic debt by an unforeseen
medical emergency. A
contrary example, an example of the smiling boiled frog, is that
of a young couple who
2. gradually use their good credit to buy and borrow themselves
into catastrophic debt.
Cultural examples exist as well. About six thousand years ago
the goddess-worshipping
societies of Old Europe were engulfed in a boiling up of our
culture that Marija Gimbutas
called Kurgan Wave Number One; they struggled to clamber out
but eventually
succumbed. The Plains Indians of North America, who were
engulfed in another boiling
up of our culture in the 1870s, constitute another example; they
struggled to clamber out
over the next two decades, but they too finally succumbed.
A contrary example, an example of the smiling-boiled-frog
phenomenon, is provided by
our own culture. When we slipped into the cauldron, the water
was a perfect temperature,
not too hot, not too cold. Can anyone tell me when that was?
Anyone?
Blank faces.
I've already told you, but I'll ask again, a different way. When
3. did we become we? Where
and when did the thing called us begin? Remember: East and
West, twins of a common
birth. Where? And when?
Well, of course: in the Near East, about ten thousand years ago.
That's where our
peculiar, defining form of agriculture was born, and we began
to be we. That was our
cultural birthplace. That was where and when we slipped into
that beautifully pleasant
water: the Near East, ten thousand years ago.
As the water in the cauldron slowly heats, the frog feels nothing
but a pleasant warmth,
and indeed that's all there is to feel. A long time has to pass
before the water begins to be
dangerously hot, and our own history demonstrates this. For
fully half our history, the
first five thousand years, signs of distress are almost
nonexistent. The technological
innovations of this period bespeak a quiet life, centered around
hearth and village - sun-
dried brick, kiln-fired pottery, woven cloth, the potter's wheel,
4. and so on. But gradually,
imperceptibly, signs of distress begin to appear, like tiny
bubbles at the bottom of a pot.
What shall we look for, as signs of distress? Mass suicides?
Revolution? Terrorism? No,
of course not. Those come much later, when the water is
scalding hot. Five thousand
years ago it was just getting warm. Folks mopping their brows
were grinning at each
other and saying, "Isn't it great?"
You'll know where to find the signs of distress if you identify
the fire that was burning
under the cauldron. It was burning there in the beginning, was
still burning after five
thousand years ... and is still burning today in exactly the same
way. It was and is the
great heating element of our revolution. It's the essential. It's
the sine qua non of our
success if success is what it is.
Speak! Someone tell me what I'm talking about!
5. "Agriculture!" Agriculture, this gentleman tells me.
No. Not agriculture. One particular style of agriculture. One
particular style that has been
the basis of our culture from its beginnings ten thousand years
ago to the present moment
- the basis of our culture and found in no other. It's ours, it's
what makes us us. For its
complete ruthlessness toward all other life-forms on this planet
and for it's unyielding
determination to convert every square meter on this planet to
the production of human
food, I've called it totalitarian agriculture.
Ethnologists, students of animal behavior, and a few
philosophers who have considered
the matter know that there is a form of ethics practiced in the
community of life on this
planet - apart from us, that is. This is a very practical (you
might say Darwinian) sort of
ethics, since it serves to safeguard and promote biological
diversity within the
community. According to this ethics, followed by every sort of
6. creature within the
community of life, sharks as well as sheep, killer bees as well
as butterflies, you may
compete to the full extent of your capabilities, but you may not
hunt down your
competitors or destroy their food or deny them access to food.
In other words, you may
compete but you may not wage war. This ethics is violated at
every point by practitioners
of totalitarian agriculture. We hunt down our competitors, we
destroy their food, and we
deny them access to food. That indeed is the whole purpose and
point of totalitarian
agriculture. Totalitarian agriculture is based on the premise that
all the food in the world
belongs to us, and there is no limit whatever to what we may
take for ourselves and deny
to all others.
Totalitarian agriculture was not adopted in our culture out of
sheer meanness. It was
adopted because, by its very nature, it's more productive than
any other style (and there
are many other styles). Totalitarian agriculture represents
7. productivity to the max, as
Americans like to say. It represents productivity in a form that
literally cannot be
exceeded.
Many styles of agriculture (not all, but many) produce food
surpluses. But, not
surprisingly, totalitarian agriculture produces larger surpluses
than any other style. It
produces surpluses to the max. You simply can't out produce a
system designed to
convert all the food in the world into human food.
Totalitarian agriculture is the fire under our cauldron.
Totalitarian agriculture is what has
kept us "on the boil" here for ten thousands years.
Food availability and population growth
The people of our culture take food so much for granted that
they often have a hard time
seeing that there is a necessary connection between the
8. availability of food and
population growth. For them, I've found it necessary to
construct a small illustrative
experiment with laboratory mice.
Imagine if you will a cage with movable sides, so that it can be
enlarged to any desired
size. We begin by putting ten healthy mice of both sexes into
the cage, along with plenty
of food and water. In just a few days there will of course be
twenty mice, and we
accordingly increase the amount of food we're putting in the
cage. In a few weeks, as we
steadily increase the amount of available food, there will be
forty, then fifty, then sixty,
and so on, until one day there is a hundred. And let's say that
we've decided to stop the
growth of the colony at a hundred. I'm sure you realize that we
don't need to pass out
little condoms or birth-control pills to achieve this effect. All
we have to do is stop
increasing the amount of food that goes into the cage. Every day
we put in an amount that
we know is sufficient to sustain a hundred mice and no more.
9. This is the part that many
find hard to believe, but, trust me, it's the truth: The growth of
the community stops dead.
Not overnight, of course, but in very short order. Putting in an
amount of food sufficient
for one hundred mice, we will find - every single time that the
population of the cage
soon stabilizes at one hundred. Of course I don't mean one
hundred precisely. It will
fluctuate between ninety and a hundred ten but never go much
beyond those limits. On
the average, day after day, year after year, decade after decade,
the population inside the
cage will be one hundred.
Now if we should decide to have a population of two hundred
mice instead of one
hundred, we won't have to add aphrodisiacs to their diets or
play erotic mouse movies for
them. We'll just have to increase the amount of food we put in
the cage. If we put in
enough food for two hundred, we'll soon have two hundred. If
we put in enough for three
hundred, we'll soon have three hundred. If we put in enough for
10. four hundred, we'll soon
have four hundred. If we put in enough for five hundred, we'll
soon have five hundred.
This isn't a guess, my friends. This isn't a conjecture. This is a
certainty.
Of course, you understand that there's nothing special about
mice in this regard. The
same will happen with crickets or trout or badgers or sparrows.
But I fear that many
people bridle at the idea that humans might be included in this
list. Because as individuals
we're able to govern our reproductive capacities, they imagine
our growth as a species
should be unresponsive to the mere availability of food.
Luckily for the point I'm trying to make here, I have
considerable data showing that, as a
species, we're as responsive as any other to the availability of
food - three million years
of data, in fact. For all but the last ten thousand years of that
period, the human species
was a very minor member of the world ecosystem. Imagine it -
three million years and
11. the human race did not overrun the earth! There was some
growth, of course, through
simple migration from continent to continent, but this growth
was proceeding at a glacial
rate. It's estimated that the human population at the beginning
of the Neolithic was
around ten million - ten million, if you can imagine that! After
three million years!
Then, very suddenly, things began to change. And the change
was that the people of one
culture, in one corner of the world, developed a peculiar form of
agriculture that made
food available to people in unprecedented quantities. Following
this, in this corner of the
world, the population doubled in a scant three thousand years. It
doubled again, this time
in only two thousand years. In an eye blink of time on the
geologic scale, the human
population jumped from ten million to fifty million, probably
eighty percent of them
being practitioners of totalitarian agriculture: members of our
culture, East and West.
12. The water in the cauldron was getting warm, and signs of
distress were beginning to
appear.
Signs of distress: 5000-3000 B.C.E.
It was getting crowded. Think of that. People used to imagine
that history is inevitably
cyclical, but what I'm describing here has never happened
before. In all of three million
years, humans have never been crowded anywhere. But now the
people of a single
culture - our culture - are learning what it means to be crowded.
It was getting crowded,
and overworked, overgrazed land was becoming less and less
productive. There were
more people, and they were competing for dwindling resources.
The water is heating up around the frog and remember what
we're looking for: signs of
distress. What happens when more people begin competing for
less? That's obvious.
Every schoolchild knows that. When more people start
competing for less, they start
13. fighting. But of course they don't just fight at random. The town
butcher doesn't battle the
town baker, the town tailor doesn't battle the town shoemaker.
No, the town's butcher,
baker, tailor, and shoemaker get together to battle some other
town's butcher, baker,
tailor, and shoemaker.
We don't have to see bodies lying in the field to know that this
was the beginning of the
age of war that has continued to the present moment. What we
have to see is war-making
machinery. I don't mean mechanical machinery - chariots,
catapults, siege machines, and
so on. I mean political machinery. Butchers, bakers, tailors, and
shoemakers don't
organize themselves into armies. They need warlords kings,
princes, emperors.
It's during this period, starting around five thousand years ago,
that we see the first states
formed for the purpose of armed defense and aggression. It's
during this period that we
see the standing army forged as the monarch's sword of power.
14. Without a standing army,
a king is just a windbag in fancy clothes. You know that. But
with a standing army, a
king can impose his will on his enemies and engrave his name
in history and absolutely
the only names we have from this era are the names of
conquering kings. No scientists,
no philosophers, no historians, no prophets, just conquerors.
Again, nothing cyclic going
on here. For the first time in human history, the important
people are the people with
armies.
Now note well that no one thought that the appearance of armies
was a bad sign a sign of
distress. They thought it was a good sign. They thought the
armies represented an
improvement. The water was just getting delightfully warm, and
no one worried about a
few little bubbles.
After this point military needs became the chief stimulus for
technological advancement
15. in our culture. Nothing wrong with that, is there? Our soldiers
need better armor, better
swords, better chariots, better bows and arrows, better scaling
machines, better rams,
better artillery, better guns, better tanks, better planes, better
bombs, better rockets, better
nerve gas ... well, you see what I mean. At this point no one saw
technology in the
service of warfare as a sign that something bad was going on.
They thought it was an
improvement.
From this point on, the frequency and severity of wars will
serve as one measure of how
hot the water is getting around our smiling frog.
Signs of distress: 3000-1400 B.C.E.
The fire burned on under the cauldron of our culture, and the
next doubling of our
population took only sixteen hundred years. There were a
hundred million humans now,
at 1400 B.C.E., probably ninety percent of them being members
of our culture. The Near
16. East hadn't been big enough for us for a long time. Totalitarian
agriculture had moved
northward and eastward into Russia and India and China,
northward and westward into
Asia Minor and Europe. Other kinds of agriculture had once
been practiced in all these
lands, but now need I say it? Agriculture meant our style of
agriculture.
The water is getting hotter, always getting hotter. All the old
signs of distress are there, of
course, why would they go away? As the water heats up, the old
signs just get bigger and
more dramatic. War? The wars of the previous age were
piddling affairs compared with
the wars of this age. This is the Bronze Age! Real weapons, by
God! Real armor! Vast
standing armies, supported by unbelievable imperial wealth!
Unlike signs of war, other signs of distress aren't cast in bronze
or chiseled in stone. No
one's sculpting friezes to depict life in the slums of Memphis or
Troy. No one's writing
news stories to expose official corruption in Knossos or
17. Mohenjo-Daro. No one's putting
together film documentaries about the slave trade. Nonetheless,
there's at least one sign
that can be read in the evidence: Crime was emerging as a
problem.
Looking out into your faces, I see how unimpressed you are
with this news. Crime?
Crime is universal among humans, isn't it? No, actually it isn't.
Misbehavior, yes.
Unpleasant behavior, disruptive behavior, yes. People can
always be counted on to fall in
love with the wrong person or to lose their tempers or to be
stupid or greedy or vengeful.
Crime is something else, and we all know that. What we mean
by crime doesn't exist
among tribal peoples, but this isn't because they're nicer people
than we are, it's because
they're organized in a different way. This is worth spending a
moment on.
If someone irritates you, let's say by constantly interrupting you
while you're talking - this
18. isn't a crime. You can't call the police and have this person
arrested, tried, and sent to
prison, because interrupting people isn't a crime. This means
you have to handle it
yourself, whatever way you can. But if this same person walks
onto your property and
refuses to leave, this is a trespass, a crime, and you can
absolutely call the police and
have this person arrested, tried, and maybe even sent to prison.
In other words, crimes
engage the machinery of the state, while other unpleasant
behaviors don't. Crimes are
what the state defines as crimes. Trespassing is a crime, but
interrupting is not, and we
therefore have two entirely different ways of handling them -
which people in tribal
societies do not. Whatever the trouble is, whether it's bad
manners or murder, they handle
it themselves, the way you handle the interrupter. Evoking the
power of the state isn't an
option for them, because they have no state. In tribal societies,
crime simply doesn't exist
as a separate category of human behavior.
19. Note again: There's nothing cyclical about the appearance of
crime in human society. For
the first time in history, people were dealing with crime. And
note that crime made its
appearance during the dawning age of literacy. What this means
is that, as soon as people
started to write, they started writing laws; this is because
writing enabled them to do
something they hadn't been able to do before. Writing enabled
them to define in exact,
fixed terms the behaviors they wanted the state to regulate,
punish, and suppress.
From this point on, crime would have an identity of its own as
"a problem" in our culture.
Like war, it was destined to stay with us East and West right up
to the present moment.
From this point on, crime would join war as a measure of how
hot the water was
becoming around our smiling frog.
Signs of distress: 1400-0 B.C.E.
The fire burned on under the cauldron of our culture, and the
next doubling of our
20. population took only fourteen hundred years. There were two
hundred million humans
now, at the beginning of our "Common Era" ninety-five percent
or more of them
belonging to our culture, East and West.
It was an era of political and military adventurism. Hammurabi
made himself master of
all Mesopotamia. Sesostris III of Egypt invaded Palestine and
Syria. Assyria's Tiglath
Pileser I extended his rule to the shores of the Mediterranean.
Egyptian pharaoh
Sheshonk overran Palestine. Tiglath Pileser III conquered Syria,
Palestine, Israel, and
Babylon. Babylon's Second Nebuchadnezzar took Jerusalem and
Tyre. Cyrus the Great
extended his reach across the whole of the civilized west, and
two centuries later
Alexander the Great made the same imperial reach.
It was also an era of civil revolt and assassination. The reign of
Assyria's Shalmaneser
ended in revolution. A revolt in Chalcidice against Athenian
rule marked the beginning of
21. the twenty-year-long conflict known as the Peloponnesian War.
A few years later
Mitylene in Lesbos also revolted. Spartans, Achaeans, and
Arcadians organized a
rebellion against Macedonian rule. A revolt in Egypt brought
Ptolemy III home from his
military campaign in Syria. Philip of Macedon was assassinated,
as was Darius III of
Persia, Seleucus III Soter, the Carthaginian general Hasdrubel,
social reformer Tiberius
Sempronius Gracchus, the Seleucid king Antiochus VIII,
Chinese emperor Wong Mong,
and Roman emperors Claudius and Domitian.
But these weren't the only new signs of stress observable in this
age. Counterfeiting,
coinage debasement, catastrophic inflation - all those nasty
tricks were seen regularly
now. Famine became a regular feature of life all over the
civilized world, as did plague,
ever symptomatic of overcrowding and poor sanitation; in 429
B.C.E. plague carried off
22. as much as two thirds of the population of Athens. Thinkers in
both China and Europe
were beginning to advise people to have smaller families.
Slavery became a huge, international business, and of course
would remain one down to
the present moment. It's estimated that at the midpoint of the
fifth century every third or
fourth person in Athens was a slave. When Carthage fell to
Rome in 146 B.C.E., fifty
thousand of the survivors were sold as slaves. In 132 B.C.E.
some seventy thousand
Roman slaves rebelled; when the revolt was put down, twenty
thousand were crucified,
but this was far from the end of Rome's problems with its
slaves.
But new signs of distress appeared in this period that were far
more relevant to our
purpose here tonight. For the first time in history, people were
beginning to suspect that
something fundamentally wrong was going on here. For the first
time in history, people
were beginning to feel empty, were beginning to feel that their
lives were not amounting
23. to enough, were beginning to wonder if this is all there is to
life, were beginning to
hanker after something vaguely more. For the first time in
history, people began listening
to religious teachers who promised them salvation.
It's impossible to overstate the novelty of this idea of salvation.
Religion had been around
in our culture for thousands of years, of course, but it had never
been about salvation as
we understand it or as the people of this period began to
understand it. Earlier gods had
been talismanic gods of kitchen and crop, mining and mist,
house painting and herding,
stroked at need like lucky charms, and earlier religions had been
state religions, part of
the apparatus of sovereignty and governance (as is apparent
from their temples, built for
royal ceremonies, not for popular public devotions).
Judaism, Brahmanism, Hinduism, Shintoism, and Buddhism all
came into being during
this period and had no existence before it. Quite suddenly, after
six thousand years of
24. totalitarian agriculture and civilization building, the people of
our culture - East and
West, twins of a single birth- were beginning to wonder if their
lives made sense, were
beginning to perceive a void in themselves that economic
success and civil esteem could
not fill, were beginning to imagine that something was
profoundly, even innately, wrong
with them.
Signs of distress: 0-1200 C.E.
The fire burned on under the cauldron of our culture, and the
next doubling of our
population would take only twelve hundred years. There would
be four hundred million
humans at the end of it, ninety-eight percent of them belonging
to our culture, East and
West. War, plague, famine, political corruption and unrest,
crime, and economic
instability were fixtures of our cultural life and would remain
so. Salvationist religions
25. had been entrenched in the East for centuries when this period
began, but the great
empire of the West still saluted its dozens of talismanic deities,
from Aeolus to Zephyrus.
Nonetheless the ordinary people of that empire - the slaves, the
conquered, the peasants,
the unenfranchised masses - were ready when the first great
salvationist religion of the
West arrived on its doorstep. It was easy for them to envision
humankind as innately
flawed and to envision themselves as sinners in need of rescue
from eternal damnation.
They were eager to despise the world and to dream of a blissful
afterlife in which the
poor and the humble of this world would be exalted over the
proud and the powerful.
The fire burned on unwaveringly under the cauldron of our
culture, but people
everywhere now had salvationist religions to show them how to
understand and deal with
the inevitable discomfort of being alive. Adherents tend to
concentrate on the differences
between these religions, but I concentrate on their agreements,
26. which are as follows: The
human condition is what it is, and no amount of effort on your
part will change that; it's
not within your power to save your people, your friends, your
parents, your children, or
your spouse, but there is one person (and only one) you can
save, and that's you. Nobody
can save you but you, and there's nobody you can save but
yourself. You can carry the
word to others and they can carry the word to you, but it never
comes down to anything
but this, whether it's Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism,
Christianity, or Islam: Nobody can
save you but you, and there's nobody you can save but yourself.
Salvation is of course the
most wonderful thing you can achieve in your life - and you not
only don't have to share
it, it isn't even possible to share it.
As far as these religions have it worked out, if you fail of
salvation, then your failure is
complete, whether others succeed or not. On the other hand, if
you find salvation, then
your success is complete again, whether others succeed or not.
27. Ultimately, as these
religions have it, if you're saved, then literally nothing else in
the entire universe matters.
Your salvation is what matters. Nothing else not even my
salvation (except of course, to
me).
This was a new vision of what counts in the world. Forget the
boiling, forget the pain.
Nothing matters but you and your salvation.
Signs of distress: 1200-1700 C.E.
It was quite a vision but of course the fire burned on under the
cauldron of our culture,
and the next doubling of our population would take only five
hundred years. There would
be eight hundred million humans at the end of it, ninety-nine
percent of them belonging
to our culture, East and West. It's the age of bubonic plague, the
Mongol Horde, the
Inquisition. The first known madhouse and the first debtor's
prison are opened in London.
28. Farm laborers revolt in France in 1251 and 1358, textile
workers revolt in Flanders in
1280; Wat Tyler's rebellion reduces England to anarchy in 1381,
as workers of all kinds
unite to demand an end to exploitation; workers riot in plague-
and famine-racked Japan
in 1428 and again in 1461; Russia's serfs rise in revolt in 1671
and 1672; Bohemia's serfs
revolt eight years later. The Black Death arrives to devastate
Europe in the middle of the
fourteenth century and returns periodically for the next two
centuries, carrying off tens of
thousands with every outbreak; in two years alone in the
seventeenth century it will kill a
million people in northern Italy.
The Jews make a handy scapegoat for everyone's pain, for
everything that goes wrong;
France tries to expel them in 1252, later forces them to wear
distinctive badges, later
strips them of their possessions, later tries to expel them again;
Britain tries to expel them
in 1290 and 1306; Cologne tries to expel them in 1414; blamed
for spreading the Black
29. Death whenever and wherever it arrives, thousands are hanged
and burned alive; Castile
tries to expel them in 1492; thousands are slaughtered in Lisbon
in 1506; Pope Paul III
walls them off from the rest of Rome, creating the first ghetto.
The anguish of the age finds expression in flagellant movements
that foster the idea that
God will not be so tempted to find extravagant punishments for
us (plagues, famines,
wars, and so on) if we preempt him by inflicting extravagant
punishments on ourselves.
For a time in 1374, Aix-la-Chapelle is in the grip of a strange
mania that will fill the
streets with thousands of frenzied dancers. Millions will die as
famine strikes Japan in
1232, Germany and Italy in 1258, England in 1294 and 1555, all
of Western Europe in
1315, Lisbon in 1569, Italy in 1591, Austria in 1596, Russia in
1603, Denmark in 1650,
Bengal in 1669, Japan in 1674. Syphilis and typhus make their
appearance in Europe.
Ergotism, a fungus food poisoning, becomes endemic in
Germany, killing thousands. An
30. unknown sweating sickness visits and revisits England, killing
tens of thousands.
Smallpox, typhus, and diphtheria epidemics carry off thousands.
Inquisitors develop a novel technique to combat heresy and
witchcraft, torturing suspects
until they implicate others, who are tortured until they implicate
others, who are tortured
until they implicate others, ad infinitum. The slave trade
flourishes as millions of
Africans are transported to the New World. I don't bother to
mention war, political
corruption, and crime, which continue unabated and reach new
heights. There will be few
to argue with Thomas Hobbes when, in 1651, he describes the
life of man as "solitary,
poor, nasty, brutish, and short." A few years later Blaise Pascal
will note that "All men
naturally hate one another." The period ends in decades of
economic chaos, exacerbated
by revolts, famines, and epidemics.
Christianity becomes the first global salvationist religion,
penetrating the Far East and the
31. New World. At the same time it fractures. The first fracture is
resisted hard, but after that,
disintegration becomes commonplace.
Please don't overlook the point I'm making here. I'm not
collecting signals of human evil.
These are reactions to overcrowding - too many people
competing for too few resources,
eating rotten food, drinking fouled water, watching their
families starve, watching their
families fall to the plague.
Signs of distress: 1700-1900
The fire burned on under the cauldron of our culture, and the
next doubling of our
population would take only two hundred years. There would be
one and a half billion
humans at the end of it, all but half a percent of them belonging
to our culture, East and
West. It would be a period in which, for the first time, religious
prophets would attract
32. followers simply by predicting the imminent end of the world;
in which the opium trade
would become an international big business, sponsored by the
East India Company and
protected by British warships; in which Australia, New Guinea,
India, Indochina, and
Africa would be claimed or carved up as colonies by the major
powers of Europe; in
which indigenous peoples all around the world would be wiped
out in the millions by
diseases brought to them by Europeans - measles, pellagra,
whooping cough, smallpox,
cholera - with millions more herded onto reservations or killed
outright to make room for
white expansion.
This isn't to say that native peoples alone were suffering. Sixty
million Europeans died of
smallpox in the eighteenth century alone. Tens of millions died
in cholera epidemics. I'd
need ten minutes to list all the dozens of fatal appearances that
plague, typhus, yellow
fever, scarlet fever, and influenza made during this period. And
anyone who doubts the
33. integral connection between agriculture and famine need only
examine the record of this
period: crop failure and famine, crop failure and famine, crop
failure and famine, again
and again all over the civilized world. The numbers are
staggering. Ten million starved to
death in Bengal, 1769. Two million in Ireland and Russia in
1845 and 1846. Nearly
fifteen million in China and India from 1876 to 1879. In France,
Germany, Italy, Britain,
Japan, and elsewhere, tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands
died in other famines too
numerous to mention.
As the cities became more crowded, human anguish reached
highs that would have been
unimaginable in previous ages, with hundreds of millions
inhabiting slums of
inconceivable squalor, prey to disease borne by rats and
contaminated water, without
education or means of betterment. Crime flourished as never
before and was generally
punished by public maiming, branding, flogging, or death;
imprisonment as an alternate
34. form of punishment developed only late in the period. Mental
illness also flourished as
never before - madness, derangement, whatever you choose to
call it. No one knew what
to do with lunatics; they were typically incarcerated alongside
criminals, chained to the
walls, flogged, forgotten.
Economic instability remained high, and its consequences were
felt more widely than
ever before. Three years of economic chaos in France led
directly to the 1789 revolution
that claimed some four hundred thousand victims burned, shot,
drowned, or guillotined.
Periodic market collapses and depressions wiped out hundreds
of thousands of businesses
and reduced millions to starvation.
The age also ushered in the Industrial Revolution, of course, but
this didn't bring ease and
prosperity to the masses; rather it brought utterly heartless and
grasping exploitation, with
35. women and small children working ten, twelve, and more hours
a day for starvation
wages in sweatshops, factories, and mines. You can find the
atrocities for yourself if
you're not familiar with them. In 1787 it was reckoned that
French workers labored as
much as sixteen hours a day and spent sixty percent of their
wages on a diet consisting of
little more than bread and water. It was the middle of the
nineteenth century before the
British Parliament limited children's work days to ten hours.
Hopeless and frustrated,
people everywhere became rebellious, and governments
everywhere answered with
systematic repression, brutality, and tyranny. General uprisings,
peasant uprisings,
colonial uprisings, slave uprisings, worker uprisings - there
were hundreds, I can't even
list them all. East and West, twins of a common birth, it was the
age of revolutions. Tens
of millions of people died in them.
As ordinary, habitual interactions between governed and
governors, revolt and repression
36. were new, you understand characteristic signs of distress of the
age.
The wolf and the wild boar were deliberately exterminated in
Europe during this period.
The great auk of Edley Island, near Iceland, was hunted to
extinction for its feathers in
1844, becoming the first species to be wiped out for purely
commercial purposes. In
North America, in order to facilitate railway construction and
undermine the food base of
hostile native populations, professional hunters destroyed the
bison herds, wiping out as
many as three million in a single year; only a thousand were left
by 1893.
In this age, people no longer went to war to defend their
religious beliefs. They still had
them, still clung to them, but the theological divisions and
disputes that once seemed so
murderously important had been rendered irrelevant by more
pressing material concerns.
The consolations of religion are one thing, but jobs, fair wages,
decent living and
working conditions, freedom from oppression, and some faint
37. hope of social and
economic betterment are another.
It would not, I think, be too fanciful to suggest that the hopes
that had been invested in
religion in former ages were in this age being invested in
revolution and political reform.
The promise of "pie in the sky when you die" was no longer
enough to make the misery
of life in the cauldron endurable. In 1843 the young Karl Marx
called religion "the opium
of the people." From the greater distance of another century and
a half, however, it's clear
that religion was in fact no longer very effective as a narcotic.
Signs of distress: 1900-1960
The fire burned on under the cauldron of our culture, and the
next doubling of our
population would take only sixty years - only sixty. There
would be three billion humans
at the end of it, all but perhaps two-tenths of a percent of them
belonging to our culture,
East and West.
38. What do I need to say about the water steaming in our cauldron
in this era? Is it boiling
yet, do you think? Does the first global economic collapse,
beginning in 1929, look like a
sign of distress to you? Do two cataclysmic world wars look
like signs of distress to you?
Stand off a few thousand miles and watch from outer space as
sixty-five million people
are slaughtered on battlefields or blasted to bits in bombing
strikes, as another hundred
million count themselves lucky to escape merely blinded,
maimed, or crippled. I'm
talking about a number of people equal to the entire human
population in the Golden Age
of classical Greece. I'm talking about the number of people you
would destroy if today
you dropped hydrogen bombs on Berlin, Paris, Rome, London,
New York City, Tokyo,
and Hong Kong.
I think the water is hot, ladies and gentlemen. I think the frog is
boiling.
39. Signs of distress: 1960-1996
The next doubling of our population occurred in only thirty-six
years, bringing us to the
present moment, when there are six billion humans on this
planet, all but a few scattered
millions belonging to our culture, East and West.
The voices in our long chorus of distress have been added a few
at a time, age by age.
First came war: war as a social fixture, war as a way of life. For
two thousand years or
more, war seems to have been the only voice in the chorus. But
before long it was joined
by crime: crime as a social fixture, as a way of life. And then
there was corruption:
corruption as a social fixture, as a way of life. Before long,
these voices were joined by
slavery: slavery as world trade and as a social fixture. Soon
revolt followed: citizens and
slaves rising up to vent their rage and pain. Next, as population
pressures gained in
intensity, famine and plague found their voices and began to
40. sing everywhere in our
culture. Vast classes of the poor began to be exploited pitilessly
for their labor. Drugs
joined slavery as world trade. The laboring classes - the so-
called dangerous classes -
rose up in rebellion. The entire world economy collapsed.
Global industrial powers
played at world domination and genocide.
And then came us: 1960 to the present.
Of what does our voice sing in the chorus of distress? For some
four decades the water
has been boiling around the frog. One by one, thousand by
thousand, million by million,
its cells have shut down, unequal to the task of holding on to
life.
What are we looking at here? I'll give you a name and you can
tell me if I've got it right.
I'm prepared to name it ... cultural collapse. This is what we
sing of in the chorus of
distress now - not instead of all the rest, but in addition to all
the rest. This is our unique
41. contribution to our culture's howl of pain. For the very first
time in the history of the
world, we bewail the collapse of everything we know and
understand, the collapse of the
structure on which everything has been built from the beginning
of our culture until now.
The frog is dead - and we can't imagine what this means for us
or for our children. We're
terrified.
Literature Review
Regarding the reasonses of the problem
Introduction
Turnover, in essence, results from job dissatisfaction for
individual employee in the workplace. However, being
dissatisfied in a work is not the only reason of leaving the
company. When employees possess skills that are in demand,
they are likely to be tempted by a high salary, more benefits or
better potential for career development. Consequently, it is
sometimes necessary to understand and identify the difference
between employees who are unsatisfied, leaving the job and
those who quit for other reasons. There is a variety of causes
and influential factors that result in employees’ turnover of an
organization.
Reasons of Turnover
Managerial factors. High employee turnover is caused by the
instability in the management of an organization. Employees are
more inclined to stay and work when the organization is stable
42. and friendly working environment (Bergmann and Scarpello,
2001). The obligation of a quantitative approach to managing
the employees has led to disillusionment of employee and so it
directs to turnover. Because of this, managers should not apply
the quantitative approach in supervising their employees (Dress
and Shaw, 2001). Approving a cost oriented approach to labor
costs increases employee turnover (Liu, Liu and Li, 2006). If
managers take steps to cut the labor turnover, it is essential to
avoid all these approaches (Dobbs, 2001). Organizations could
eventually reduce in size turnover unless organization has
performed as well balanced communication system between
managers and workers (Griffeth and Hom, 2001).
Working environment. If working environment is low-grade due
to lack of all the basic facilities such as proper lighting,
working in a space with some natural light, ventilation, air
conditioning system, open space, restroom, lavatory, furniture,
safety equipment while discharging hazardous duties, drinking
water and refreshment, workers will not be capable of facing up
the difficulty for a long time (Singh, 2008). Besides, a bad boss
creates an adverse working environment, thereby leading the
employees to leave the job.
Pay. According to Shaw et al (1998), “Pay is something given in
exchange for services rendered in an organization”. It has
played a significant role in retaining and rewarding high quality
human resources. To be more precise, one of the critical factors
of employee turnover is lower salary. When employees’ receive
lower salary and insufficient financial rewards, they tend to stay
no longer with the organization (Lavob, 1997). It is often said
that job dissatisfaction is the major cause of poor pay scale
procedure, leading employees to leave the job. A good
illustration of this is that a new employee may guess why the
person next to him gets a high salary for what is supposed to be
the similar job (Dobbs, 2001). A common opinion is that good
pay can be a strong determinant of job satisfaction that leads to
43. achieve higher productivity in the organization.
Career promotion. In wide terms, reward program demonstrates
the broad theory of compensation strategy which is described as
the “deliberate utilization of the pay systems as an essential
integrating mechanism through which the efforts of various
subunits or individuals are directed towards the achievement of
an organization’s strategic objectives” (Labov, 1997). The best
way of promoting and motivating employees would be a
combination of pay, promotion, bonus and other kinds of
rewards to achieve organizational performance (Ting, 1997).
The reason behind is that lack of promotion and ordinary work
responsibilities considerably can lead to the intention of
turnover (House et al, 1996). To an extent, employees consider
leaving the organization due to the ineffective performance
assessment and perceptions of job unfairness (Weiss and
Cropanzano, 1996). By implementing “job enrichment”
programs, organization would be capable of retain employee
and to provide the opportunities for better career development
(Magner et al., 1996).
Job fit. According to Campion (1991), Selection process is
related to the fit between the candidate and the job. O’Reilly et
al (1991) argued that job satisfaction levels will go up if there
is a good fit between qualities of the applicants and the job.
Therefore, it is imperative to have a good fit between what the
candidate wishes for and what the organization requires.
Organizations will increase the productivity if they recruit the
suitable employees and take necessary measures to increase job
satisfaction. On the other hand, turnover will not be minimized
until employees are not satisfied with the job. As a result,
management needs to deal with the pressing issue of employee
turnover and job satisfaction. Thompson et al. (2006) state that
“A happy worker is a productive worker”.
Influence of co-workers. In 2002, a study carried out by Martin
44. and Martin (2003) of 477 workers in 15 companies investigates
the reasons why employees are intended to quit the job. One of
their major findings is that “co-workers intentions have a major
significant impact on all destination options – the more positive
the perception of their co-workers desire to leave, the more
employees themselves wanted to leave”. In fact, job change acts
as a form of social pressure or rationalization on employees
while co-workers intend to leave their positions.
The task:
- Literature review regarding solution for the problems of
teachers’ turnover in schools.(two pages)
The problem is:
1. Managerial factors.
2. Working environment.
3. Career promotion.
4. Job fit.
5. Pay
Note:
1. According to literature review should be from academic
journal not website. (1 theory’s , 5studys or 1 model ).
2. Original with good academic citations and references
3. Done on 17 Dec
4. From three or four sources or more.
5. Reference links APA style