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The Atomic Bomb in Perspective
World-War II 1945
Aircraft bombs-Major factor in Europe!
• Germany bombed England
– By Dec 7th 1941
> 44,000 civilians killed
• FDR response:
“The ruthless bombing of
civilians…has sickened the
hearts of every civilized man”
• US/British bombing in Europe
– Focus on German factories and
ability to produce
• Early 1945, 2800 British/American
bombers attack Dresden
(100,000 Germans killed)1945
Dresden
War in Pacific-More bombs
• December 7th 1941
Pearl Harbor-the bombs
that got America into war
• Mar 1945-US attacks Tokyo
– 300 B-29 bombers
– First 6 hrs-100,000 dead
• 64 Japanese cities bombed
• General Hap Arnold said:
– Fire bombing of Japan caused
following casualties:
241,000 dead,
313,000 wounded,
2,333,000 houses destroyed
Use of Atomic bomb-factors to consider
• American casualties so far in the war
– More than 1 million (killed, wounded, missing)
– POWs held in Japan were dying of starvation
– Americans at home were “war weary”
• Estimate of Japanese military strength
– 5,000,000 men and 5,000 kamikaze (suicide aircraft)
• Secretary of War, Harold Stimson: US land invasion
of Japan would require 5,000,000 (Army and Navy)
Use of Atomic bomb-factors to consider
• Winston Churchill, British Prime Minister recalls….
– News of the successful atomic bomb test brought relief
that a land invasion could be avoided
• War in Europe already over but problems with the
Soviet Union persisted
– Use of the bomb against Japan would also serve to warn
the Russians who could have dominate Europe after the
war
• Massive destruction of the “bomb”
– No full understanding of radiation dangers
Potsdam Declaration
Harry Truman
United States
of America
Joseph Stalin
Russia
Clement Attlee
Britain
Declaration-Defines Terms of
Japanese Surrender (July 26, 1945)
• Final warning, no changes, no delays
• Removal of leadership that deceived Japanese people
• Military disarmed
• Justice to war criminals
• Will not enslave Japanese or destroy nation
• Japanese will retain industry and trade
• Occupying forces withdraw when democracy
established
• Unconditional surrender
• If not……prompt and utter destruction
Japanese reaction was
mokusatsu
“kill with silence”
Timeline to destruction
• Reaction was mokusatsu – “kill with silence”
• US reaction
– Hiroshima. Aug 6, 1945 (8:16 am)
• Headquarters of 2nd General Army, 43,000 soldiers
• Aircraft , Enola Gay, dropped 12.5 kiloton nuclear weapon
• 60% of city destroyed, 80,000 to 140,000 killed
– Nagasaki. Aug 9, 1945 (11:02 am)
• Major port city with large coal deposits
• Aircraft, Bock’s Car, dropped 22 kiloton nuclear weapon
• 23% of city destroyed 75,000 killed
– Between 12 and 20 US Prisoners of War killed
• Aug 15: Emperor Hirohito announces surrender
The world enters
the Nuclear Age

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The Atomic Bomb In Perspective World-War II 1945

  • 1. The Atomic Bomb in Perspective World-War II 1945
  • 2. Aircraft bombs-Major factor in Europe! • Germany bombed England – By Dec 7th 1941 > 44,000 civilians killed • FDR response: “The ruthless bombing of civilians…has sickened the hearts of every civilized man” • US/British bombing in Europe – Focus on German factories and ability to produce • Early 1945, 2800 British/American bombers attack Dresden (100,000 Germans killed)1945 Dresden
  • 3. War in Pacific-More bombs • December 7th 1941 Pearl Harbor-the bombs that got America into war • Mar 1945-US attacks Tokyo – 300 B-29 bombers – First 6 hrs-100,000 dead • 64 Japanese cities bombed • General Hap Arnold said: – Fire bombing of Japan caused following casualties: 241,000 dead, 313,000 wounded, 2,333,000 houses destroyed
  • 4. Use of Atomic bomb-factors to consider • American casualties so far in the war – More than 1 million (killed, wounded, missing) – POWs held in Japan were dying of starvation – Americans at home were “war weary” • Estimate of Japanese military strength – 5,000,000 men and 5,000 kamikaze (suicide aircraft) • Secretary of War, Harold Stimson: US land invasion of Japan would require 5,000,000 (Army and Navy)
  • 5. Use of Atomic bomb-factors to consider • Winston Churchill, British Prime Minister recalls…. – News of the successful atomic bomb test brought relief that a land invasion could be avoided • War in Europe already over but problems with the Soviet Union persisted – Use of the bomb against Japan would also serve to warn the Russians who could have dominate Europe after the war • Massive destruction of the “bomb” – No full understanding of radiation dangers
  • 6. Potsdam Declaration Harry Truman United States of America Joseph Stalin Russia Clement Attlee Britain
  • 7. Declaration-Defines Terms of Japanese Surrender (July 26, 1945) • Final warning, no changes, no delays • Removal of leadership that deceived Japanese people • Military disarmed • Justice to war criminals • Will not enslave Japanese or destroy nation • Japanese will retain industry and trade • Occupying forces withdraw when democracy established • Unconditional surrender • If not……prompt and utter destruction
  • 9. Timeline to destruction • Reaction was mokusatsu – “kill with silence” • US reaction – Hiroshima. Aug 6, 1945 (8:16 am) • Headquarters of 2nd General Army, 43,000 soldiers • Aircraft , Enola Gay, dropped 12.5 kiloton nuclear weapon • 60% of city destroyed, 80,000 to 140,000 killed – Nagasaki. Aug 9, 1945 (11:02 am) • Major port city with large coal deposits • Aircraft, Bock’s Car, dropped 22 kiloton nuclear weapon • 23% of city destroyed 75,000 killed – Between 12 and 20 US Prisoners of War killed • Aug 15: Emperor Hirohito announces surrender
  • 10. The world enters the Nuclear Age