The document summarizes the usage of articles (a, an, the) in English. It discusses that "a" and "an" are indefinite articles used before consonants and vowels respectively, while "the" is the definite article. It provides examples of when each article is used, such as "a" being used to refer to one of many or any item, while "the" refers to a specific or known item. It also discusses some phrases that use articles like "a few", "as a result", and "it is a shame".

1. The Article

2. The Indefinite Articles:
• a (before consonants)
a hat, a year
• an (before vowels)
an apple, an hour
The Definite Article:
• the ([ði] – before a vowel sound,
[ðe] – before a consonant)

4. • After to be
I am a teacher.
There’s a book in my bag.
• After have got (have)
I have got a sister.
• Before an adjective + a
noun
She is a pretty girl.
• BUT
There’s some milk in the fridge. I
have got some money. They are good
students.

5. a/an=onea/an=any
• She has learnt a
poem. (We do not
know which one)
• He is translating a
text about technology.
(any text in the book)
• I am looking for a
cottage in the
suburbs. (any, not
specific)
• See you in a week.
(one week)
• He has bought a kilo
of bananas. (one kilo)
• This dress costs
a pound. (one
pound)

6. a/an=every
• When the noun is used in a general sense.
One representative of a class can be
applied to all representatives of the class.
A butcher is a person who sells meat.
• BUT
Real friends should have something in
common.

8. • Use a/an to classify
something, to say what kind
of thing it is:
The play was a comedy.
The man’s disappearance was
a mystery.
• In an exclamation:
What a goal!
• BUT
What lovely flowers! (plural)
What rubbish! (uncountable)

9. In some phrases
• a few
• a little
• a lot of
• as a rule
• as a result
• as a matter of fact
• at a speed of
• at a time when
• for a while
• for a long (short) time
• in a low (loud) voice
• to be in a hurry

10. to go for a walk
to have a cold
to have a good time
to have a mind
to have a look
to have a smoke
to have a rest
to take a seat
to tell a lie
It is a pity
It is a pleasure
It is a shame!

11. Thanks for your
attention!!!