The ABC of Gender Equality in Education: Aptitude, Behaviour, Confidence.
Presentation Andreas Schleicher, Director, Education and Skills Directorate, OECD.
The ABC of Gender Equality in Education - Aptitude, Behaviour, Confidence EduSkills OECD
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher, Director for the OECD Directorate for Education and Skills
The ABC of Gender Equality in Education: Aptitude, Behaviour, Confidence tries to determine why 15-year-old boys are more likely than girls, on average, to be overall low achievers, and why high-performing 15-year-old girls underachieve in mathematics, science and problem solving compared to high-achieving boys. As the evidence in the report makes clear, gender disparities in school performance stem from students’ attitudes towards learning and their behaviour in school, from how they choose to spend their leisure time, and from the confidence they have – or do not have – in their own abilities as students.
Low-Performing Students- Why They Fall Behind and How to Help Them Succeed EduSkills OECD
by Andreas Schleicher, Director for Education and Skills, OECD Low-performing Students: Why they Fall Behind and How to Help them Succeed examines low performance at school by looking at low performers’ family background, education career and attitudes towards school. The report also analyses the school practices and educational policies that are more strongly associated with poor student performance. Most important, the evidence provided in the report reveals what policy makers, educators, parents and students themselves can do to tackle low performance and succeed in school.
PISA 2012 - Creative Problem Solving: Students’ skills in tackling real-life ...EduSkills OECD
The capacity to engage creatively in cognitive processing to understand and resolve problem situations where a method of solution is not immediately obvious (including motivational and affective aspects).
In 2015, PISA asked students about the occupation they expect to be working in when they are 30 years old. Students’ responses were later grouped into science-related and non-science-related careers – with the former including science and engineering professionals; health professionals; science technicians and associate professionals; and information and communication technology (ICT) professionals. Girls and boys are almost equally likely to expect to work in a science-related career.
On average across OECD countries, almost one in four students (24%) reported that they expect to work in an occupation that requires further science training beyond compulsory education. Specifically, 8.6% of students expect to work as professionals who use science and engineering training (e.g. engineer, architect, physicist or astronomer), 11.4% as health professionals (e.g. medical doctor, nurse, veterinarian, physiotherapist), 2.6% as ICT professionals (e.g. software developer, applications programmer), and 1.4% as science-related technicians and associate professionals (e.g. electrical or telecommunications engineering technician).
Universal Basic Skills - What Countries Stand to Gain EduSkills OECD
(Andreas Schleicher - Director, OECD Directorate for Education and Skills)
While access to schooling has expanded around the world, many countries have not realised the hoped-for improvements in economic and social well-being. Access to education by itself is an incomplete goal for development; many students leave the education system without basic proficiency in literacy and numeracy. As the world coalesces around new sustainable development targets towards 2030, the focus in education is shifting towards access and quality. Using projections based on data from the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) and other international student assessments, this report offers a glimpse of the stunning economic and social benefits that all countries, regardless of their national wealth, stand to gain if they ensure that every child not only has access to education but, through that education, acquires at least the baseline level of skills needed to participate fully in society.
The well-being of students - new insights from PISAEduSkills OECD
Children spend a considerable amount of time in the classroom: following lessons, socialising with classmates, and interacting with teachers and other staff members. What happens in school – as well as at home – is therefore key to understanding whether students enjoy good physical and mental health, how happy and satisfied they are with different aspects of their life, how connected to others they feel, and the aspirations they have for their future.
PISA 2012 Evaluating school systems to improve educationEduSkills OECD
PISA 2012 is the programme’s 5th survey. It assessed the competencies of 15-year-olds in reading, mathematics and science (with a focus on mathematics) in 65 countries and economies.
Around 510 000 students between the ages of 15 years 3 months and 16 years 2 months participated in the assessment, representing about 28 million 15-year-olds globally.
The students took a paper-based test that lasted 2 hours. The tests were a mixture of open-ended and multiple-choice questions that were organised in groups based on a passage setting out a real-life situation. A total of about 390 minutes of test items were covered. Students took different combinations of different tests. They and their school principals also answered questionnaires to provide information about the students' backgrounds, schools and learning experiences and about the broader school system and learning environment.
Raising Social Mobility Through Teacher PolicyEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher
Director for Education and Skills
OECD
Challenges for teachers
Student-level
Initiating and managing learning processes, including active learning
Responding to the learning needs of individual learners
Integrating formative and summative assessment
Classroom level
Teaching in multicultural classrooms
Emphasising cross-curricular studies
Integrating students with special needs
School level
Working and planning in teams and partner with other schools
Evaluating and planning for improvement
Using ICT for teaching and administration, etc.
The ABC of Gender Equality in Education - Aptitude, Behaviour, Confidence EduSkills OECD
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher, Director for the OECD Directorate for Education and Skills
The ABC of Gender Equality in Education: Aptitude, Behaviour, Confidence tries to determine why 15-year-old boys are more likely than girls, on average, to be overall low achievers, and why high-performing 15-year-old girls underachieve in mathematics, science and problem solving compared to high-achieving boys. As the evidence in the report makes clear, gender disparities in school performance stem from students’ attitudes towards learning and their behaviour in school, from how they choose to spend their leisure time, and from the confidence they have – or do not have – in their own abilities as students.
Low-Performing Students- Why They Fall Behind and How to Help Them Succeed EduSkills OECD
by Andreas Schleicher, Director for Education and Skills, OECD Low-performing Students: Why they Fall Behind and How to Help them Succeed examines low performance at school by looking at low performers’ family background, education career and attitudes towards school. The report also analyses the school practices and educational policies that are more strongly associated with poor student performance. Most important, the evidence provided in the report reveals what policy makers, educators, parents and students themselves can do to tackle low performance and succeed in school.
PISA 2012 - Creative Problem Solving: Students’ skills in tackling real-life ...EduSkills OECD
The capacity to engage creatively in cognitive processing to understand and resolve problem situations where a method of solution is not immediately obvious (including motivational and affective aspects).
In 2015, PISA asked students about the occupation they expect to be working in when they are 30 years old. Students’ responses were later grouped into science-related and non-science-related careers – with the former including science and engineering professionals; health professionals; science technicians and associate professionals; and information and communication technology (ICT) professionals. Girls and boys are almost equally likely to expect to work in a science-related career.
On average across OECD countries, almost one in four students (24%) reported that they expect to work in an occupation that requires further science training beyond compulsory education. Specifically, 8.6% of students expect to work as professionals who use science and engineering training (e.g. engineer, architect, physicist or astronomer), 11.4% as health professionals (e.g. medical doctor, nurse, veterinarian, physiotherapist), 2.6% as ICT professionals (e.g. software developer, applications programmer), and 1.4% as science-related technicians and associate professionals (e.g. electrical or telecommunications engineering technician).
Universal Basic Skills - What Countries Stand to Gain EduSkills OECD
(Andreas Schleicher - Director, OECD Directorate for Education and Skills)
While access to schooling has expanded around the world, many countries have not realised the hoped-for improvements in economic and social well-being. Access to education by itself is an incomplete goal for development; many students leave the education system without basic proficiency in literacy and numeracy. As the world coalesces around new sustainable development targets towards 2030, the focus in education is shifting towards access and quality. Using projections based on data from the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) and other international student assessments, this report offers a glimpse of the stunning economic and social benefits that all countries, regardless of their national wealth, stand to gain if they ensure that every child not only has access to education but, through that education, acquires at least the baseline level of skills needed to participate fully in society.
The well-being of students - new insights from PISAEduSkills OECD
Children spend a considerable amount of time in the classroom: following lessons, socialising with classmates, and interacting with teachers and other staff members. What happens in school – as well as at home – is therefore key to understanding whether students enjoy good physical and mental health, how happy and satisfied they are with different aspects of their life, how connected to others they feel, and the aspirations they have for their future.
PISA 2012 Evaluating school systems to improve educationEduSkills OECD
PISA 2012 is the programme’s 5th survey. It assessed the competencies of 15-year-olds in reading, mathematics and science (with a focus on mathematics) in 65 countries and economies.
Around 510 000 students between the ages of 15 years 3 months and 16 years 2 months participated in the assessment, representing about 28 million 15-year-olds globally.
The students took a paper-based test that lasted 2 hours. The tests were a mixture of open-ended and multiple-choice questions that were organised in groups based on a passage setting out a real-life situation. A total of about 390 minutes of test items were covered. Students took different combinations of different tests. They and their school principals also answered questionnaires to provide information about the students' backgrounds, schools and learning experiences and about the broader school system and learning environment.
Raising Social Mobility Through Teacher PolicyEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher
Director for Education and Skills
OECD
Challenges for teachers
Student-level
Initiating and managing learning processes, including active learning
Responding to the learning needs of individual learners
Integrating formative and summative assessment
Classroom level
Teaching in multicultural classrooms
Emphasising cross-curricular studies
Integrating students with special needs
School level
Working and planning in teams and partner with other schools
Evaluating and planning for improvement
Using ICT for teaching and administration, etc.
PISA is the OECD's Programme for International Student Assessment. PISA measures 15-year-olds’ ability to use their reading, mathematics and science knowledge and skills to meet real-life challenges.
The resilience of students with an immigrant background - factors that shape ...EduSkills OECD
The Resilience of Students with an Immigrant Background: Factors that Shape Well-being reveals some of the difficulties students with an immigrant background encounter and where they receive the support they need. The report provides an in-depth analysis of the risk and protective factors that can undermine or promote the resilience of immigrant students. It explores the role that education systems, schools and teachers can play in helping these students integrate into their communities, overcome adversity, and build their academic, social, emotional and motivational resilience.
Skilled for Life - Presentation by Andreas Schleicher at the PIAAC Internatio...EduSkills OECD
The purpose of the second PIAAC International Conference 2015 is to present work using data from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) relating to issues such as: the deployment of skills in the economy, returns to education and skills or the influence of workplace training.
Pisa 2012 strong performers and successful reformers in education - less...EduSkills OECD
What do 15-year-olds know……and what can they do with what they know? Students in Peru still perform at low levels, but significant gains in reading skills show that improvement is possible
Students, Computers and Learning: Making the Connection (Andreas Schleiche...EduSkills OECD
Are there computers in the classroom? Does it matter? Students, Computers and Learning: Making the Connection examines how students’ access to and use of information and communication technology (ICT) devices has evolved in recent years, and explores how education systems and schools are integrating ICT into students’ learning experiences. Based on results from PISA 2012, the report discusses differences in access to and use of ICT – what are collectively known as the “digital divide” – that are related to students’ socio-economic status, gender, geographic location, and the school a child attends. The report highlights the importance of bolstering students’ ability to navigate through digital texts. It also examines the relationship among computer access in schools, computer use in classrooms, and performance in the PISA assessment. As the report makes clear, all students first need to be equipped with basic literacy and numeracy skills so that they can participate fully in the hyper-connected, digitised societies of the 21st century.
International Summit on the Teaching Profession - Framing the IssuesEduSkills OECD
by Andreas Schleicher, Director for Education and Skills, OECD. - If the quality of an education system can never exceed the quality of its teachers, then countries need to do all they can to build a high-quality teaching force. Teaching Excellence through Professional Learning and Policy Reform: Lessons from around the World, the background report to the sixth International Summit on the Teaching Profession, describes the knowledge, skills and character qualities common to the most effective teachers. It examines the education policies and practices that help teachers to acquire these tools, including through induction and mentoring programmes, ongoing professional development activities, student assessments, and collaboration with colleagues. The publication also discusses the importance of involving all stakeholders – especially teachers – in the process of education reform.
Why do gender gaps in education and work persistEduSkills OECD
Despite significant progress in narrowing or closing some long-standing gender gaps in many areas of education and employment, in most countries, boys and girls are still not likely to be equally proficient in academic subjects, such as reading, mathematics and science. Moreover, boys and girls still show markedly different attitudes towards learning and aspirations for their future – and that has a significant impact on their decisions to pursue further education and on their choice of career.
This webinar presents OECD data highlighting how differences in attitudes towards failure and competition among boys and girls can influence their decisions about what to study in school and their career expectations. The data also illustrate how these attitudes, developed early in life, influence men’s and women’s career choices later on.
Balancing school choice and equity - an international perspective based on PISAEduSkills OECD
Many countries are struggling to reconcile greater flexibility in school choice with the need to ensure quality, equity and coherence in their school systems. This report provides an international perspective on issues related to school choice, especially how certain aspects of school-choice policies may be associated with sorting students into different schools. A key question fuelling the school-choice debate is whether greater competition among schools results in more sorting of students by ability or socio-economic status. At the macro level, school segregation can deprive children of opportunities to learn, play and communicate with other children from different social, cultural and ethnic backgrounds, which can, in turn, threaten social cohesion. The report draws a comprehensive picture of school segregation, using a variety of indicators in order to account for the diversity of the processes by which students are allocated to schools.
Education at a Glance - OECD Indicators 2018EduSkills OECD
Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators is the authoritative source for information on the state of education around the world. It provides data on the structure, finances and performance of education systems in the 35 OECD and a number of partner countries. With more than 100 charts and tables, Education at a Glance 2018 imparts key information on the output of educational institutions, the impact of learning across countries, and worldwide access, participation and progression in education. It also investigates the financial resources invested in education, as well as teachers, the learning environment and the organisation of schools.
The 2018 edition presents a new focus on equity in education, investigating how progress through education and the associated learning and labour market outcomes are impacted by dimensions such as gender, the educational attainment of parents, immigrant background, and regional location. The publication introduces a chapter dedicated to Target 4.5 of Sustainable Development Goal 4 on equity in education, providing an assessment of where OECD and partner countries stand in providing equal access to quality education at all levels. Finally, new indicators are introduced on equity in entry to and graduation from tertiary education, and the levels of decision-making in education systems. New data are also available on the statutory and actual salaries of school heads, as well as trend data on expenditure on early childhood education and care and the enrolment of children in all registered early childhood education and care settings.
More data are available on the OECD educational database.
Academic Resilience - What Schools and Countries do to Help Disadvantaged St...EduSkills OECD
Researchers and policy makers have been focusing on socio-economic disparities in academic achievement since the 1960s. Decades of empirical studies show that socioeconomically disadvantaged students are more likely to: drop out of school, repeat a grade, finish their studies at the same time as their more advantaged peers with less prestigious qualifications, and, in general, have lower learning outcomes as indicated by their poor performance in standardised assessments such as the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA)
This presentation was given by Tracey Burns of the OECD at the GCES Conference on Trust and Education in The Hague on 7 December during the Workshop B on Building trust through education.
This presentation by Andreas Schleicher, presented on 3 April 2017, takes a closer look at the PISA 2015 results for Sweden and what can be done to improve equity in its education system.
Collaborative problem solving - Key findingsEduSkills OECD
PISA 2015 Results (Volume V): Collaborative Problem Solving, is one of five volumes that present the results of the PISA 2015 survey, the sixth round of the triennial assessment. It examines students’ ability to work with two or more people to try to solve a problem. The volume provides the rationale for assessing this particular skill and describes performance within and across countries. In addition, it highlights the relative strengths and weaknesses of each school system and examines how they are related to individual student characteristics, such as gender, immigrant background and socio-economic status. The volume also explores the role of education in building young people’s skills in solving problems collaboratively.
Despite increased funding and many reforms, most education systems are still seeking ways to better prepare their students for a world in which technological change and the digital revolution are changing the way we work, live and relate to one another. Education systems that have succeeded in improving student outcomes show that the way forward is by making teachers the top priority. The adaptability of education systems and their ability to evolve ultimately depends on enabling teachers to transform what and how students learn. This requires strong support and training for teachers, both before and after they enter the profession, with new forms of professional development to help teachers engage in more direct instruction and adapt it to the needs of their diverse classrooms. Education systems need to perform well in two dimensions: excellence and equity. Many high performers do well on both, demonstrating that they are not mutually exclusive. To do so requires specific measures to overcome factors that can hinder student performance, such as socio-economic background, immigrant status and gender.
Key questions for mathematics teachers - and how PISA can answer themEduSkills OECD
Ten Questions for Mathematics Teachers… and how PISA can help answer them aims to change that.
This report delves into topics such as, “How much should I encourage my students to be responsible for their own learning in mathematics?” or “As a mathematics teacher, how important is the relationship I have with my students?”. It gives teachers timely and relevant data and analyses that can help them
reflect on their teaching strategies and how students learn.
Contents
Introduction: A teacher’s guide to mathematics teaching and learning
Question 1: How much should I direct student learning in my mathematics classes?
Question 2: Are some mathematics teaching methods more effective than others?
Question 3: As a mathematics teacher, how important is the relationship I have with my students?
Question 4: What do we know about memorisation and learning mathematics?
Question 5: Can I help my students learn how to learn mathematics?
Question 6: Should I encourage students to use their creativity in mathematics?
Question 7: Do students’ backgrounds influence how they learn mathematics?
Question 8: Should my teaching emphasise mathematical concepts or how those concepts are applied in the real world?
Question 9: Should I be concerned about my students’ attitudes towards mathematics?
Question 10: What can teachers learn from PISA?
International Summit on the Teaching Profession - The Future of Teaching and ...EduSkills OECD
This report discusses policies and practices that shape quality and equity in early childhood education and care. It examines how the work environment, including the educational background of staff, and the policies that shape teaching approaches affect the quality of the education provided to our youngest learners. The book concludes with an overview of current thinking about how young children use, and are affected by, information and communication technologies (ICT). Linking the way children interact with ICT inside of school to the way they already use it outside of school could be the key to unlocking technology’s potential for learning.Children learn at a faster rate during the first five years of their life than at any other time, developing cognitive, and social and emotional skills that are fundamental to their future achievements and well-being throughout childhood and as adults. Despite compelling evidence that high quality early childhood education and care programmes can make a crucial difference to children’s progress through school and success in adult life, large differences in access to and the quality of these programmes persist within and across countries.
Andreas Schleicher - Director for the Directorate of Education and Skills, OECD. Poverty is not destiny The country where migrants go to school matters more than the country where they came from. Technology can amplify innovative teaching. Countries where students have stronger beliefs in their abilities perform better in mathematics.
Dream jobs? - Teenagers' career aspirations and the future of workEduSkills OECD
Every day, teenagers make important decisions that are relevant to their future. The time and energy they dedicate to learning and the fields of study where they place their greatest efforts profoundly shape the opportunities they will have throughout their lives. A key source of motivation for students to study hard is to realise their dreams for work and life. Those dreams and aspirations, in turn, do not just depend on students’ talents, but they can be hugely influenced by the personal background of students and their families as well as by the depth and breadth of their knowledge about the world of work. In a nutshell, students cannot be what they cannot see. With young people staying in education longer than ever and the labour market automating with unprecedented speed, students need help to make sense of the world of work. In 2018, the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), the world’s largest dataset on young people’s educational experiences, collected firstof- its kind data on this, making it possible to explore how much the career dreams of young people have changed over the past 20 years, how closely they are related to actual labour demand, and how closely aspirations are shaped by social background and gender.
Equity in education - Breaking down barriers to social mobilityEduSkills OECD
In times of growing economic inequality, improving equity in education becomes more urgent. While some countries and economies that participate in the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) have managed to build education systems where socio-economic status makes less of a difference to students’ learning and well-being, every country can do more.
Equity in Education: Breaking Down Barriers to Social Mobility shows that high performance and more positive attitudes towards schooling among disadvantaged 15-year-old students are strong predictors of success in higher education and work later on. The report examines how equity in education has evolved over several cycles of the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). It identifies the policies and practices that can help disadvantaged students succeed academically and feel more engaged at school.
Using longitudinal data from five countries (Australia, Canada, Denmark, Switzerland, and the United States), the report also describes the links between a student’s performance near the end of compulsory education and upward social mobility – i.e. attaining a higher level of education or working in a higher-status job than one’s parents.
PISA is the OECD's Programme for International Student Assessment. PISA measures 15-year-olds’ ability to use their reading, mathematics and science knowledge and skills to meet real-life challenges.
The resilience of students with an immigrant background - factors that shape ...EduSkills OECD
The Resilience of Students with an Immigrant Background: Factors that Shape Well-being reveals some of the difficulties students with an immigrant background encounter and where they receive the support they need. The report provides an in-depth analysis of the risk and protective factors that can undermine or promote the resilience of immigrant students. It explores the role that education systems, schools and teachers can play in helping these students integrate into their communities, overcome adversity, and build their academic, social, emotional and motivational resilience.
Skilled for Life - Presentation by Andreas Schleicher at the PIAAC Internatio...EduSkills OECD
The purpose of the second PIAAC International Conference 2015 is to present work using data from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) relating to issues such as: the deployment of skills in the economy, returns to education and skills or the influence of workplace training.
Pisa 2012 strong performers and successful reformers in education - less...EduSkills OECD
What do 15-year-olds know……and what can they do with what they know? Students in Peru still perform at low levels, but significant gains in reading skills show that improvement is possible
Students, Computers and Learning: Making the Connection (Andreas Schleiche...EduSkills OECD
Are there computers in the classroom? Does it matter? Students, Computers and Learning: Making the Connection examines how students’ access to and use of information and communication technology (ICT) devices has evolved in recent years, and explores how education systems and schools are integrating ICT into students’ learning experiences. Based on results from PISA 2012, the report discusses differences in access to and use of ICT – what are collectively known as the “digital divide” – that are related to students’ socio-economic status, gender, geographic location, and the school a child attends. The report highlights the importance of bolstering students’ ability to navigate through digital texts. It also examines the relationship among computer access in schools, computer use in classrooms, and performance in the PISA assessment. As the report makes clear, all students first need to be equipped with basic literacy and numeracy skills so that they can participate fully in the hyper-connected, digitised societies of the 21st century.
International Summit on the Teaching Profession - Framing the IssuesEduSkills OECD
by Andreas Schleicher, Director for Education and Skills, OECD. - If the quality of an education system can never exceed the quality of its teachers, then countries need to do all they can to build a high-quality teaching force. Teaching Excellence through Professional Learning and Policy Reform: Lessons from around the World, the background report to the sixth International Summit on the Teaching Profession, describes the knowledge, skills and character qualities common to the most effective teachers. It examines the education policies and practices that help teachers to acquire these tools, including through induction and mentoring programmes, ongoing professional development activities, student assessments, and collaboration with colleagues. The publication also discusses the importance of involving all stakeholders – especially teachers – in the process of education reform.
Why do gender gaps in education and work persistEduSkills OECD
Despite significant progress in narrowing or closing some long-standing gender gaps in many areas of education and employment, in most countries, boys and girls are still not likely to be equally proficient in academic subjects, such as reading, mathematics and science. Moreover, boys and girls still show markedly different attitudes towards learning and aspirations for their future – and that has a significant impact on their decisions to pursue further education and on their choice of career.
This webinar presents OECD data highlighting how differences in attitudes towards failure and competition among boys and girls can influence their decisions about what to study in school and their career expectations. The data also illustrate how these attitudes, developed early in life, influence men’s and women’s career choices later on.
Balancing school choice and equity - an international perspective based on PISAEduSkills OECD
Many countries are struggling to reconcile greater flexibility in school choice with the need to ensure quality, equity and coherence in their school systems. This report provides an international perspective on issues related to school choice, especially how certain aspects of school-choice policies may be associated with sorting students into different schools. A key question fuelling the school-choice debate is whether greater competition among schools results in more sorting of students by ability or socio-economic status. At the macro level, school segregation can deprive children of opportunities to learn, play and communicate with other children from different social, cultural and ethnic backgrounds, which can, in turn, threaten social cohesion. The report draws a comprehensive picture of school segregation, using a variety of indicators in order to account for the diversity of the processes by which students are allocated to schools.
Education at a Glance - OECD Indicators 2018EduSkills OECD
Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators is the authoritative source for information on the state of education around the world. It provides data on the structure, finances and performance of education systems in the 35 OECD and a number of partner countries. With more than 100 charts and tables, Education at a Glance 2018 imparts key information on the output of educational institutions, the impact of learning across countries, and worldwide access, participation and progression in education. It also investigates the financial resources invested in education, as well as teachers, the learning environment and the organisation of schools.
The 2018 edition presents a new focus on equity in education, investigating how progress through education and the associated learning and labour market outcomes are impacted by dimensions such as gender, the educational attainment of parents, immigrant background, and regional location. The publication introduces a chapter dedicated to Target 4.5 of Sustainable Development Goal 4 on equity in education, providing an assessment of where OECD and partner countries stand in providing equal access to quality education at all levels. Finally, new indicators are introduced on equity in entry to and graduation from tertiary education, and the levels of decision-making in education systems. New data are also available on the statutory and actual salaries of school heads, as well as trend data on expenditure on early childhood education and care and the enrolment of children in all registered early childhood education and care settings.
More data are available on the OECD educational database.
Academic Resilience - What Schools and Countries do to Help Disadvantaged St...EduSkills OECD
Researchers and policy makers have been focusing on socio-economic disparities in academic achievement since the 1960s. Decades of empirical studies show that socioeconomically disadvantaged students are more likely to: drop out of school, repeat a grade, finish their studies at the same time as their more advantaged peers with less prestigious qualifications, and, in general, have lower learning outcomes as indicated by their poor performance in standardised assessments such as the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA)
This presentation was given by Tracey Burns of the OECD at the GCES Conference on Trust and Education in The Hague on 7 December during the Workshop B on Building trust through education.
This presentation by Andreas Schleicher, presented on 3 April 2017, takes a closer look at the PISA 2015 results for Sweden and what can be done to improve equity in its education system.
Collaborative problem solving - Key findingsEduSkills OECD
PISA 2015 Results (Volume V): Collaborative Problem Solving, is one of five volumes that present the results of the PISA 2015 survey, the sixth round of the triennial assessment. It examines students’ ability to work with two or more people to try to solve a problem. The volume provides the rationale for assessing this particular skill and describes performance within and across countries. In addition, it highlights the relative strengths and weaknesses of each school system and examines how they are related to individual student characteristics, such as gender, immigrant background and socio-economic status. The volume also explores the role of education in building young people’s skills in solving problems collaboratively.
Despite increased funding and many reforms, most education systems are still seeking ways to better prepare their students for a world in which technological change and the digital revolution are changing the way we work, live and relate to one another. Education systems that have succeeded in improving student outcomes show that the way forward is by making teachers the top priority. The adaptability of education systems and their ability to evolve ultimately depends on enabling teachers to transform what and how students learn. This requires strong support and training for teachers, both before and after they enter the profession, with new forms of professional development to help teachers engage in more direct instruction and adapt it to the needs of their diverse classrooms. Education systems need to perform well in two dimensions: excellence and equity. Many high performers do well on both, demonstrating that they are not mutually exclusive. To do so requires specific measures to overcome factors that can hinder student performance, such as socio-economic background, immigrant status and gender.
Key questions for mathematics teachers - and how PISA can answer themEduSkills OECD
Ten Questions for Mathematics Teachers… and how PISA can help answer them aims to change that.
This report delves into topics such as, “How much should I encourage my students to be responsible for their own learning in mathematics?” or “As a mathematics teacher, how important is the relationship I have with my students?”. It gives teachers timely and relevant data and analyses that can help them
reflect on their teaching strategies and how students learn.
Contents
Introduction: A teacher’s guide to mathematics teaching and learning
Question 1: How much should I direct student learning in my mathematics classes?
Question 2: Are some mathematics teaching methods more effective than others?
Question 3: As a mathematics teacher, how important is the relationship I have with my students?
Question 4: What do we know about memorisation and learning mathematics?
Question 5: Can I help my students learn how to learn mathematics?
Question 6: Should I encourage students to use their creativity in mathematics?
Question 7: Do students’ backgrounds influence how they learn mathematics?
Question 8: Should my teaching emphasise mathematical concepts or how those concepts are applied in the real world?
Question 9: Should I be concerned about my students’ attitudes towards mathematics?
Question 10: What can teachers learn from PISA?
International Summit on the Teaching Profession - The Future of Teaching and ...EduSkills OECD
This report discusses policies and practices that shape quality and equity in early childhood education and care. It examines how the work environment, including the educational background of staff, and the policies that shape teaching approaches affect the quality of the education provided to our youngest learners. The book concludes with an overview of current thinking about how young children use, and are affected by, information and communication technologies (ICT). Linking the way children interact with ICT inside of school to the way they already use it outside of school could be the key to unlocking technology’s potential for learning.Children learn at a faster rate during the first five years of their life than at any other time, developing cognitive, and social and emotional skills that are fundamental to their future achievements and well-being throughout childhood and as adults. Despite compelling evidence that high quality early childhood education and care programmes can make a crucial difference to children’s progress through school and success in adult life, large differences in access to and the quality of these programmes persist within and across countries.
Andreas Schleicher - Director for the Directorate of Education and Skills, OECD. Poverty is not destiny The country where migrants go to school matters more than the country where they came from. Technology can amplify innovative teaching. Countries where students have stronger beliefs in their abilities perform better in mathematics.
Dream jobs? - Teenagers' career aspirations and the future of workEduSkills OECD
Every day, teenagers make important decisions that are relevant to their future. The time and energy they dedicate to learning and the fields of study where they place their greatest efforts profoundly shape the opportunities they will have throughout their lives. A key source of motivation for students to study hard is to realise their dreams for work and life. Those dreams and aspirations, in turn, do not just depend on students’ talents, but they can be hugely influenced by the personal background of students and their families as well as by the depth and breadth of their knowledge about the world of work. In a nutshell, students cannot be what they cannot see. With young people staying in education longer than ever and the labour market automating with unprecedented speed, students need help to make sense of the world of work. In 2018, the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), the world’s largest dataset on young people’s educational experiences, collected firstof- its kind data on this, making it possible to explore how much the career dreams of young people have changed over the past 20 years, how closely they are related to actual labour demand, and how closely aspirations are shaped by social background and gender.
Equity in education - Breaking down barriers to social mobilityEduSkills OECD
In times of growing economic inequality, improving equity in education becomes more urgent. While some countries and economies that participate in the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) have managed to build education systems where socio-economic status makes less of a difference to students’ learning and well-being, every country can do more.
Equity in Education: Breaking Down Barriers to Social Mobility shows that high performance and more positive attitudes towards schooling among disadvantaged 15-year-old students are strong predictors of success in higher education and work later on. The report examines how equity in education has evolved over several cycles of the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). It identifies the policies and practices that can help disadvantaged students succeed academically and feel more engaged at school.
Using longitudinal data from five countries (Australia, Canada, Denmark, Switzerland, and the United States), the report also describes the links between a student’s performance near the end of compulsory education and upward social mobility – i.e. attaining a higher level of education or working in a higher-status job than one’s parents.
On April 6, 2014, Andreas Scheleicher shared this presentation as part of an event hosted by the Rodel Foundation of Delaware. "What Delaware Can Learn from the Rest of the World" brought together members of the Rodel Foundation of Delaware's International Advisory Group (IAG) to Wilmington, Delaware. Schleicher kicked off the event with this presentation, and Joanne Weiss facilitated a conversation with fellow IAG members Jim Dueck of Canada and Ben Jensen of Australia to respond to Schleicher and audience questions.
Engaging & Retaining Youth in STEM: Lessons from Canadian ResearchReni Barlow
Canadian students are good at science, scoring near the top on international assessments of science achievement; however, most don’t choose senior science courses, eliminating the possibility of STEM-related higher education and careers and contributing to Canada’s relatively low percentage of science and engineering graduates. Despite this, 93% of Canadians report being interested in new scientific discoveries and technological developments, and are more likely to visit a science and technology museum than citizens of any other country except Sweden. What are we learning from research about engaging and retaining Canadian youth in STEM from elementary school through post-secondary education and careers?
The Education Policy Outlook 2018 - Putting Student Learning at the CentreEduSkills OECD
Taking the students’ perspective, Education Policy Outlook 2018: Putting Student Learning at the Centre analyses the evolution of key education priorities and key education policies in 43 education systems. It compares more recent developments in education policy ecosystems (mainly between 2015 and 2017) with various education policies adopted between 2008 and 2014. This report includes around 200 policies spanning from early childhood education and care (ECEC) to higher education and lifelong learning on topics such as: improving the quality and access to ECEC, promoting education success for all students, reducing the negative impact of some system-level policies and practices, increasing completion of upper secondary education, developing quality vocational education and training, enhancing the quality of tertiary education, supporting transitions across education pathways and the labour market.
Andreas Schleicher presents important data that should be considered for the Future of Education looking at digitalisation, labour markets and changes in the work force, inclusion, the need for creativity and other social and emotional skills and the importance of teachers in building the Future of Education.
Find out more about the OECD work in Education at https://www.oecd.org/education/
Conferencia inaugural del curso "Perspectivas actuales nacionales e internacionales en evaluación educativa" a cargo de Andreas Schleicher, Director del Directorate for Education and Skills (OCDE).
Learning during crisis insights from across the globe for education in Ukrain...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the webinar Learning during crisis: insights from across the globe for education in Ukraine on the 27 June 2023.
Andreas was joined on the panel by Liliia Hrynevych, former Minister of Education & Science, Ukraine, Suzanne Dillon, Chair of the OECD Future of Education and Skills 2030 project and João Costa, Minister of Education, Portugal. At the webinar the OECD launched Learning during crisis: insights for education in Ukraine, a series of case studies from national educational reform programmes.
Raising Performance in Lithuanian Education - An International PerspectiveEduSkills OECD
Lithuania has achieved steady expansion of participation in education, substantially widening access to early childhood education and care and tertiary education, coupling this with nearly universal participation in secondary education. However, if Lithuania’s education system is to help the nation respond effectively to economic opportunities and demographic challenges, improvements in the performance of its schools and its higher education institutions are needed. Improved performance requires that Lithuania clarify and raise expectations of performance, align resources in support of raised performance expectations, strengthen performance monitoring and the assurance of quality, and build institutional capacity to achieve high performance. This orientation to improvement should be carried across each sector of its education system.
ISTP 2014 - Equity, Excellence and Inclusiveness in EducationEduSkills OECD
Presentation for the 2014 International Summit on the Teaching Profession, by Andreas Schleicher, Acting Director for the Directorate of Education and Skills, and Special Advisor on Education Policy to the Secretary-General, OECD
Slides from OECD & NEA webinar Are education policies doing enough to enhance...EduSkills OECD
Slides from OECD & NEA webinar Are education policies doing enough to enhance career paths of women in STEM and nuclear science 23 June 2023 presented by Marta Encinas-Martin, Senior Advisor Global Relations and OECD Education Gender Ambassador followed by Fiona Rayment, Chief Science and Technology Officer, National Nuclear Laboratory (United Kingdom)
PISA: Where is real progress being made in provinding equitable education?IIEP-UNESCO
Autor: Speaker: Andreas Schleicher, Director, Directorate for Education and Skills, OECD.
Presentation made for the first IIEP Strategic Debate of 2017.
More information: http://www.iiep.unesco.org/en/strategic-debate-real-progress-being-made-equitable-provision-education-pisaresults-3879
HLEG thematic workshop on "Inequality of Opportunity", Dirk van DammeStatsCommunications
Presentation at the HLEG thematic workshop on "Inequality of Opportunity", 14 January 2015, Paris, France, http://oe.cd/HLEG-workshop-inequality-opportunity-2015
Developing literacy skills in a digital world: New findings from PISAEduSkills OECD
Reading is a far more complex task today than it once was. The Internet has transported the written word from the confines of a few carefully curated books to the phone screens in everyone’s pocket, and accredited publishers are no longer the gatekeepers of what and how we read – today, anyone can publish with almost no constraints.
How can we verify what we read online? What skills are involved in evaluating the trustworthiness of a source and understanding the information provided?
In 2018, the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) addressed reading as its main subject, and the reading framework was devised to include essential reading skills in a digital world, to provide important insights into how 15-year-old students are developing reading skills to navigate the technology-rich 21st century, and how this varies by geography, social background or gender. It also explores what teachers can do to help students navigate ambiguity and manage complexity.
Join Andreas Schleicher, OECD Director for Education and Skills, as he presents the latest findings from PISA 2018, published in the upcoming report 21st-Century Readers: Developing Literacy Skills in a Digital World.
Valuing our teachers and raising their status - how communities can helpEduSkills OECD
There is increasing recognition that teachers will play a key role in preparing students for the challenges of the future. We expect teachers to equip students with the skill set and knowledge required for success in an increasingly global, digital, complex, uncertain and volatile world. This will involve teachers and schools forging stronger links with parents and local communities, building a sense of social responsibility and problem solving skills among their students. It also means that teachers need to adopt effective and individualised pedagogies that foster student learning and nurture their social and emotional skills. How can education systems help them engage in continuous innovation and professional development to enhance their own practice?
This report shows how education systems can support teachers to meet these new demands and encourage a paradigm shift on what teaching and learning are about and how they should happen. Education systems need to create the conditions that encourage and enable innovation. They need to promote best practice through policies focused on professionalism, efficacy and effectiveness in order to help build teachers’ capacity for adopting new pedagogies. Due attention should also be paid to teachers’ sense of well-being so that classroom learning environments remain conducive to students’ own well-being and development.
Use of PISA in quality improvement polices – Richard Yelland, OECD Head of Po...unicefmne
Presentation at the conference "Quality Education for Better Schools, Results and Future" organized by UNICEF and the Ministry of Education in Podgorica, July 8-10, 2014
Education and skills policies to alleviate inequalitydvndamme
How is social inequality affecting education and skills, how are education and skills impacting on social inequality and what are the education and skills policies to alleviate inequality. My presentation at the NAEC Seminar in Johannesburg, 16 July 2015
Innovating learning, social progress and humanity’s future gelp ile, durban...dvndamme
Keynote presentation at the OECD/CERI and GELP conference 'Building Future Learning Systems. From exceptional innovations to systemic transformation', in Durban, South Africa, 20 April 2015.
Similar to The ABC of Gender Equality in Education: Aptitude, Behaviour, Confidence (20)
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Acorn Recovery: Restore IT infra within minutesIP ServerOne
Introducing Acorn Recovery as a Service, a simple, fast, and secure managed disaster recovery (DRaaS) by IP ServerOne. A DR solution that helps restore your IT infra within minutes.
0x01 - Newton's Third Law: Static vs. Dynamic AbusersOWASP Beja
f you offer a service on the web, odds are that someone will abuse it. Be it an API, a SaaS, a PaaS, or even a static website, someone somewhere will try to figure out a way to use it to their own needs. In this talk we'll compare measures that are effective against static attackers and how to battle a dynamic attacker who adapts to your counter-measures.
About the Speaker
===============
Diogo Sousa, Engineering Manager @ Canonical
An opinionated individual with an interest in cryptography and its intersection with secure software development.
Have you ever wondered how search works while visiting an e-commerce site, internal website, or searching through other types of online resources? Look no further than this informative session on the ways that taxonomies help end-users navigate the internet! Hear from taxonomists and other information professionals who have first-hand experience creating and working with taxonomies that aid in navigation, search, and discovery across a range of disciplines.
This presentation by Morris Kleiner (University of Minnesota), was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation, created by Syed Faiz ul Hassan, explores the profound influence of media on public perception and behavior. It delves into the evolution of media from oral traditions to modern digital and social media platforms. Key topics include the role of media in information propagation, socialization, crisis awareness, globalization, and education. The presentation also examines media influence through agenda setting, propaganda, and manipulative techniques used by advertisers and marketers. Furthermore, it highlights the impact of surveillance enabled by media technologies on personal behavior and preferences. Through this comprehensive overview, the presentation aims to shed light on how media shapes collective consciousness and public opinion.
Sharpen existing tools or get a new toolbox? Contemporary cluster initiatives...Orkestra
UIIN Conference, Madrid, 27-29 May 2024
James Wilson, Orkestra and Deusto Business School
Emily Wise, Lund University
Madeline Smith, The Glasgow School of Art
2. 2
2 Educational attainment
Measured in the most common metric - years of
schooling - the industrialised world essentially
closed the educational gender gap in the 1960s
And about half of the economic growth in OECD countries over
the past 50 years has been due to increased educational attainment,
mainly among women
4. Gender difference in performance (15-year-olds)
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
Germany OECD average
Reading Mathematics Science
Scorepointdifference(boys-girls)
Boys perform better
Girls perform better
5. -30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
Science Identifying scientific
issues
Explaining phenomena
scientifically
Using scientific
evidence
Average Lowest performers Highest performers
Even though boys and girls show similar average performance in
science, boys are more likely to be top and bottom performers
Source: Figure 1.6
Boys perform better than girls
Girls perform better than boys
Score -point
difference
(B-G)
6. 6
6 Aptitude, behaviour confidence
Despite major progress in closing gender gaps, we
need to find new ways to address the social and
emotional aspects of opening childrens' minds to
their abilities and future careers
7. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Learning
advanced school
science topics
would be easy for
me
I can usually give
good answers to
test questions on
school science
topics
I learn school
science topics
quickly
School science
topics are easy for
me
When I am being
taught school
science, I can
understand the
concepts very well
I can easily
understand new
ideas in school
science
%
Boys Girls
Boys are more confident in their abilities in science
than girls (OECD average)
Source: Figure 3.8
9. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
I often worry that it
will be difficult for me
in mathematics
classes
I get very tense when
I have to do
mathematics
homework
I get very nervous
doing mathematics
problems
I feel helpless when
doing a mathematics
problem
I worry that I will get
poor marks in
mathematics
%
Boys Girls
Girls are more anxious towards mathematics than boys
(OECD average)
Source: Figure 3.10
10.
11. 11
11 Aptitude and confidence
Career choices seem to reflect aptitude and
confidence more than performance
This is significant not only because women are severely under-
represented in the science, technology, engineering and mathematics
(STEM) fields of study and occupations, but also because graduates of
these fields are in high demand in the labour market and because jobs
in these fields are among the most highly paid.
14. 14
14 Closing the gaps
What's needed is neither extensive
nor expensive reform but a concerted effort
by parents, teachers and employers
What parents can do
15. 33 30 33
30 25
24
22
14
7 11
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Hungary(28)
Portugal(27)
Chile(28)
Italy(24)
Croatia(18)
Germany(19)
Mexico(21)
HongKong-China(13)
Korea(7)
Macao-China(10)
Boys Girls Gender gap%
Parents are more likely to expect their sons, rather
than their daughters, to enter a STEM career – even
when boys and girls perform equally well in school
Source: Figure 5.1
Gender gap
among
boys and girls
with similar
results in
mathematics,
reading and
science
performance
STEM stands for science, technology, engineering and mathematics.
Percentage of students whose parents expect that they will work in STEM occupations
17. -40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
Mathematics Reading Science
Gender gap
Gender gap after accounting for time spent doing homework
Score-point
difference
(B-G)
Time spent doing homework has an impact on
performance (OECD countries)
Source: Figure 2.13
Boys perform better than girls
Girls perform
better than boys
18. Boys tend to have more negative attitudes towards
school (OECD countries)
0
5
10
15
20
OECD average Germany
Boys Girls%
Source: Figure 2.14
Percentage of student who agree that school has been a waste of time
19. Boys spend more time on the Internet than girls
Source: Figure 2.3
0 50 100 150 200
Boys
Girls
Boys
Girls
Boys
Girls
Minutes
Germany OECD average-29
… at school
… outside school
during the week
… outside school
during the weekend
20. One-playergames
25.4 %
61.2 %
13.4 %
Boys
Never or hardly ever play
Play, but not every day
Play every day
Boys spend far more time than girls playing video
games on a computer after school (OECD countries)
56.1 %
41.3 %
2.6 %
Girls
Collaborativeonline
games
29.4%
51.0%
19.6%
70.8 %
27.0 %
2.2 %
Source: Figure 2.4
22. 22
22 Closing the gaps
What's needed is neither extensive
nor expensive reform but a concerted effort
by parents, teachers and employers
What teachers can do
23. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Magazines Comic books Fiction
(novels,
narratives,
stories)
Non-fiction
books
Newspapers
Boys Girls
%
Boys and girls read different materials when they
read for enjoyment (OECD average)
Source: Figure 2.10
26. -12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
Albania
Iceland
Greece
Spain
Israel
OECDaverage
UnitedStates
Chile
Denmark
France
Indonesia
Peru
Bulgaria
Macedonia(FYR)
Marks given by teacher in
reading
Gender difference
Gender difference after accounting for PISA scores
Dif. in
marks
(B-G)
Teachers tend to give girls better marks – despite
students’ performance in PISA
Source: Figure 2.16
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Albania
Israel
Iceland
Greece
UnitedStates
Spain
OECDaverage
Indonesia
Bulgaria
Chile
Macedonia(FYR)
Peru
Denmark
France
Marks given by teacher in
mathematics
Gender difference
Gender difference after accounting for PISA scores
Dif. in
marks
(B-G)
Boys
awarded higher
marks than girls
Girls
awarded higher
marks than boys
Girls
awarded higher
marks than boys
27. 27
27 Closing the gaps
What's needed is neither extensive
nor expensive reform but a concerted effort
by parents, teachers and employers
What employers can do
28. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Yes, at school Yes, outside of school No
Boys Girls
%
Large proportions of both boys and girls have not
learned how to prepare themselves for a job
interview (OECD average)
Source: Figure 4.4
Do boys and girls know how to prepare themselves for a job interview?
29. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Worked as an
intern
Did job
shadowing
Visited a
job fair
Spoke to
a career advisor
at school
Spoke to
a career advisor
outside the
school
Completed a
questionnaire to
find out about
their interests
and abilities
Researched the
Internet for
information
about careers
Went to an
organised tour in
an institution
providing further
education 1
Researched the
Internet for
information
about
programmes
providing further
education 1
Boys Girls%
Boys are more likely than girls to get “hands-on”
experience in the working world (OECD countries)
Source: Figure 4.2
1. Institutions providing further education are ISCED 3-5 in the PISA 2012 questionnaire.
32. Thank you !
Find out more about PISA at www.pisa.oecd.org
• All national and international publications
• The complete micro-level database
Email: Andreas.Schleicher@OECD.org
Twitter: SchleicherEDU
and remember:
Without data, you are just another person with an opinion
Editor's Notes
For example, over the 20th century, average years of schooling increase rapidly for both men and women but since the beginning of 1960, women’s years of schooling exceeds that of men in OECD countries. And in more recent years, (NEXT SLIDE)
Country specific information can be found in Gender report, Tables 1.4b, 1.11a, 1.11b and 1.11c
Use the ’pop up scheme’ to show a country related result.
Country specific information can be found in OECD, OECD, PISA 2012 Database, Table 2.10b.
Use the ’pop up scheme’ to show a country related result.
Option 2, with countries that can be selected, but we cannot see if dif between boys and girls is significant.
Country specific information can be found in Gender report, Tables 2.5a and 2.5b.
Use the ’pop up scheme’ to show a country related result.
Country specific information can be found in OECD, OECD, PISA 2009 Database, Table 2.9d.
Use the ’pop up scheme’ to show a country related result.
Country specific information can be found in OECD, PISA 2012 Database, Tables 4.3a and 4.3b.
Use the ’pop-scheme’ to show a country related result.
NOT ALL COUNTRIES HAVE AVAILABLE INFORMATION BECAUSE IT IS EC QUESTIONNAIRE!
Slide 43 of the gender report (symbol for Women in Italy added)