The Second World War occurred between 1939 and 1945 involving two main groups of countries: the Axis powers of Germany, Italy and Japan, and the Allied powers including the United Kingdom, United States, Soviet Union and others. After years of conflict, the Axis powers surrendered one by one, with Germany surrendering in 1945 and Japan surrendering in 1945 after the United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The war resulted in major territorial changes across Europe and consolidation of the Allied powers' influence globally for the ensuing Cold War.

1. The conflict occurred
involving two groups of coun-
tries, namely: Axis and Allies.
The first group was composed
of Germany, Italy and Japan.
The second, had as members:
France, Britain, Soviet Union,
United States, Brazil, among
others.
After many confron-
tations involving the Axis and
Allies, which lasted for years,
gave signs that war would end,
because the surrender of Italy
in 1943. Two years later, Ger-
many and Japan and is not sup-
ported they also surrendered,
consolidating the defeat of the
Axis group. Japan surrendered
after being hit by two atomic
bombs, a town in Hiroshima
and another on Nagasaki.
T
he humanity
has always
lived with the
wars, the reasons are diverse:
fight for territory, separatist
movements, religion, ethnic
intolerance, natural resources,
political differences, among
others. Because of world con-
flicts, the world map does not
stay with a fixed configuration.
This dynamic makes the carto-
graphic work of cartographers
difficult because periodically
need to overhaul the country
borders.
In the past century,
the place that most of the
world has changed regarding
the configuration of borders
was the European continent.
Due to the struggle for territo-
ries, began one of the greatest
conflicts of mankind, the Sec-
ond World War.
This event brought
drastic changes in the geo-
graphic space worldwide, espe-
cially in Europe. The Second
World War took place be-
tween 1939 and 1945. This
conflict involved a large num-
ber of countries that fought a
war, largely in European terri-
tory.
Among the main
reasons that led to this event
were the intentions of imple-
menting projects expansionary
nature of countries like Ger-
many, Italy and Japan Such
nations wanted to achieve the
status of hegemonic powers
and believed that the way to
achieve this was done through
conquest of new territories.
From this ideology,
countries cited invasions pro-
moted to other territories
with the intention to attach
them to their respective fields.
Germany seized nearby coun-
tries, such as Austria and
Czechoslovakia in 1938. In
1939, it was the turn of Italy,
who conquered Albania. Japan
invaded several territories in
the Pacific. The consolidation
of the war took place only in
1939, when Germany invaded
Poland. With this act, immedi-
ately, Britain and France came
out in defense of the country
invaded, declaring war on Ger-
many. Later, in 1941, the Sovi-
et Union also joined the con-
flict by having been invaded by
the German army. In the same
year, the United States entered
the conflict after receiving a
Japanese air attack on its naval
base at Pearl Harbor.
World War II
THE
DAILY
NEWS
EDITORES:
CARLOS MURILO
RAFAELA PIRES
02 de abril de 2013Volume 1, edição 1
The 40sNesta edição:
The Cold War 2
Atanasoff–Berry
Computer, the first
computer
2
Atomic bombings of
Hiroshima and Na-
gasaki
3
Hitler suffers attack 3
Literature in Brazil 4
Identity in Brazilian
Fashion - The clothes
of the 40's and the
most notable achie-
vements of the
decade
4
Arrival of coca cola
to Brazil
5
The first calculator 5
The start of produc-
tion of the alkaline
battery
5
Flood in Porto Alegre 5
Domestic brasilian
policy
6
Brasilian Economy 6
Foreign brasilian
policy
7
Labour brasilian 7
Brazil Population 7
The games that wars
impeded.
8
The second world war. The conflict occurred involving two groups
of countries, namely: Axis and Allies.

2. T
he Cold War
was a conflict
that did not
result in armed confrontation,
was an ideological dispute
between the United States
and the Soviet Union, which
occurred from the end of
World War II (1945) and
ended in 1991 with the end of
the Soviet Union. This conflict
can be defined as an economic
war, diplomatic and techno-
logical research which aimed
to expand the areas of influ-
ence of capitalism and social-
ism.
The main point of
the Cold War was the diffu-
sion of existing political-
economic systems, capitalism
on one side, led by the United
States, and the other, social-
ism, led by the Soviet Union. It
is important to remember that
the two were the two great-
est world powers that consti-
tuted the bipolar world.
After World War II,
the Soviet Union imposed
great effort for the expansion
of socialism in Eastern Europe
and countries of Africa and
Asia. This initiative reflected
as a threat to his rival, the
United States.
The main concern of
both was related to the issue
of predominance of one of the
influences that could mean the
hegemony of one power over
the other, this fear has raised
further the rivalry between
them. Thus, Americans and
Soviets left in search of allies
to expand their respective
ideologies.
The climate of ap-
prehension caused the powers
in question leave racing to
develop innovations war, pro-
ducing a massive military arse-
nal, such as guns, missiles,
submarines and nuclear weap-
ons capable of destroying the
planet.
During the Cold
War the world has lived with
a constant tension between
Americans and Soviets, since
any situation involving the two
countries could generate an
armed conflict unprecedented.
World War II assignments,
work on the machine was
discontinued. The ABC pio-
neered important elements of
modern computing, including
binary arithmetic and elec-
tronic switching elements, but
its special-purpose nature and
lack of a changeable, stored
program distinguish it from
modern computers. The com-
puter was designated an IEEE
Milestone in 1990.
Atanasoff and
Clifford Berry's computer
work was not widely known
T
he Atanasoff–
Berry Com-
puter (ABC)
was one of the first electronic
digital computing devices.
Conceived in 1937, the ma-
chine was not programmable,
being designed only to solve
systems of linear equations. It
was successfully tested in
1942. However, its intermedi-
ate result storage mechanism,
a paper card writer/reader,
was unreliable, and when in-
ventor John Vincent Atanasoff
left Iowa State College for
until it was rediscovered in
the 1960s, amidst conflicting
claims about the first instance
of an electronic computer. At
that time, the ENIAC was
considered to be the first
computer in the modern
sense, but in 1973 a U.S. Dis-
trict Court invalidated the
ENIAC patent and concluded
that the ENIAC inventors had
derived the subject matter of
the electronic digital comput-
er from Atanasoff.
The Cold War
Atanasoff–Berry Computer, the first computer
“It is important
to remember
that the two
were the two
greatest world
powers that
constituted the
bipolar world.”
Página 2 The 40s
The Colors of Cold War
Developed by John Atanasoff
and Clifford Berry was the
first electronic digital compu-
ter of the World, using elec-
tronic tubes

3. T
he atomic
bombings of
the cities of
Hiroshima and Nagasaki in
Japan were conducted by the
United States during the final
stages of World War II in
1945. These two events rep-
resent the only use of nuclear
weapons in war to date.
Following a fire-
bombing campaign that de-
stroyed many Japanese cities,
the Allies prepared for a cost-
ly invasion of Japan. The war
in Europe ended when Nazi
Germany signed its instrument
of surrender on 8 May, but
the Pacific War continued.
Together with the United
Kingdom and the Republic of
China, the United States called
for a surrender of Japan in the
Potsdam Declaration on 26
July 1945, threatening Japan
with "prompt and utter de-
struction". The Japanese gov-
ernment ignored this ultima-
tum, and the United States
deployed two nuclear weap-
ons developed by the Manhat-
tan Project. American airmen
dropped Little Boy on the city
of Hiroshima on 6 August
1945, followed by Fat Man
over Nagasaki on 9 August.
Within the first two
to four months of the bomb-
ings, the acute effects killed
90,000–166,000 people in
Hiroshima and 60,000–80,000
in Nagasaki, with roughly half
of the deaths in each city oc-
curring on the first day. The
Hiroshima prefecture health
department estimated that, of
the people who died on the
day of the explosion, 60% died
from flash or flame burns, 30%
from falling debris and 10%
from other causes. During the
following months, large num-
bers died from the effect of
burns, radiation sickness, and
other injuries, compounded by
illness. In a US estimate of the
total immediate and short
term cause of death, 15–20%
died from radiation sickness,
20–30% from burns, and 50–
60% from other injuries, com-
pounded by illness. In both
cities, most of the dead were
civilians, although Hiroshima
had a sizeable garrison.
On 15 August, six
days after the bombing of
Nagasaki, Japan announced its
surrender to the Allies, signing
the Instrument of Surrender
on 2 September, officially
ending World War II. The
bombings led, in part, to post-
war Japan's adopting Three
Non-Nuclear Principles, for-
bidding the nation from nucle-
ar armament. The role of the
bombings in Japan's surrender
and their ethical justification
are still debated.
O
n July 30rd
Hitler
suffers a bomb
attack when he
was in his forehead east-
ern Qg. The intention of
the conspirators, all
members of the military
and aristocratic elite of
Germany was able to
remove the dictator pre-
vent the invasion of Ger-
many. But the attempt
failed.
Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Hitler suffers attack
Página 3Volume 1, edição 1
The Enola Gay dropped the "Little
Boy" atomic bomb on Hiroshima. In
this photograph are five of the air-
craft's ground crew with mission
commander Paul Tibbetsin the cen-
ter.

4. A
lready
consoli-
dated in
1930, the modernist
ideals will gradually
turning up the vision
disappear completely
breaking with the
traditional, destruc-
tion of existing
standards. New
ways are sought,
new authors
emerge. Increasingly
present in all the works,
the Brazilian reality. Came
the so-called Generation of
45, the 3rd phase of
Modernism which also
emerged a new crop of
Brazilian writers, from the
second half of the 40s, fic-
tion and poetry have been
given a new style, especially
in the structure of language
as the concern for formali-
ty, and the 'dignity' of lan-
guage and themes treated
in the works, now the real-
ity was shown in a way in
which one could under-
stand and often see them-
selves in some of the char-
acters, the way the stories
were written , sought to
investigate the reason be-
hind behavior and attitudes
of humans exposed to each
situation.
The principal writ-
ers of this generation were
in Prose: Guimarães
Rosa and Clarice
Lispector and Poet-
ry: João Cabral de
Melo Neto. The
period that starts in
the 40s is marked
by important world
events and some of
these events and
their consequences
can be recognized
in the poems of
Carlos Drummond
de Andrade, "The
Rose of the People," and
the book of João Cabral de
Melo Neto, "The Engineer
", both published in 1945.
After this 3rd Generation
of Modernism, Generation
45, the next period became
known as Postmodernism
(from 1945 to the present
day), is marked by changes
in the sciences, the arts
and society since 1950.
I
n the 40's the
true heyday
of Hollywood
and Carmen Miranda, one
of the landmarks of this
period. With it came the
first genuinely Brazilian
fantasy, created by Alceu
Pena: the Bahia. (Gontijo).
Carmen Miranda was a
success in Brazil and the
United States,
promoting the
Latin American
culture. It was
the first Brazilian
to launch fash-
ions, including
the United States
- the "Miranda
look" that was
adapted and used in the
streets. Even today many
designers seek inspiration
in it.
As for fashion, it is
in this decade that begins
to exist Brazilian fashion.
Or at least an adaptation
more conscientious than
was dictated by Paris.
Literature in Brazil
Identity in Brazilian Fashion - The clothes of the 40's and
the most notable achievements of the decade
“New ways are
sought, new
authors
emerge.”
Página 4 The 40s

5. W
ith the
cam-
paign
"The Only Thing like Coca-
Cola is Coca-Cola Itself",
the Coca-Cola Company is
consolidated in the world
and arrives in Brazil, reviv-
ing the slogan "The pause
that refreshes." This was
preceded by "Coca-Cola
bubbly, refreshing, 10 pen-
nies" - advertising campaign
created by McCann Erik-
son, Guilherme Figueiredo.
The first cities to receive
the technicians of "The
Coke Company" will Recife
-PE and Natal-RN. The
refrigerant will be pro-
duced by Mineral Water
Factory Santa Clara, in Re-
cife. In some of
their advertising
Coca Cola im-
mortalize some of
our poets and
journalists like
Mario Quintana
and singer-
songwriter Re-
nato Russo.
April and May to precipta-
ção reached about 791
mm.T
he flooding in the
lake Gaiba left
about 70,000 people
without power and clean
water. The city center was
low of water and boats
have become the primary
means of trasporte of Por-
to Alegre, floods usually
occur due to environmen-
tal farores mainly by heavy
rains. During the months of
Arrival of coca cola to Brazil
Flood in Porto Alegre
The first calculator
I
n 1642, the calculator,
or better, the aba-
cus, has undergone a
major evolution, through
the French Blaise Pascal.
The son of a tax collec-
tor, Pascal devised an
automatic calculations to
help his father in his pro-
fession. Pascal's invention
was important because it
perform the calculations
quickly, something quite
different from what was
seen in the use of the
abacus.
Página 5Volume 1, edição 1
The start of production of the alkaline battery
C
reated by scientist Alessandro Volta,
Alkaline battery got its name because of
the purity of their material. Commercial
production of alkaline batteries started in 1949.

6. I
n November 1937,
President Getúlio Var-
gas dissolves Congress
and the State Legislative
Assemblies, ordering the
closure of the parties, shall
persecute their opponents
and grant a new constitu-
tion, establishing the New
State. Two
years later,
establish-
ing the
D e p a r t -
ment of
Press and
Propagan-
da, the
body re-
sponsible
for censor-
ship of the
media and
propagan-
da officer.
Despite this dicta-
torial regime, in force until
1945, Vargas is a skilled
and charismatic statesman
who governs with the sup-
port of broad sectors of
society, including the mili-
tary and especially the
working class, whose un-
ions remains tied to the
state. However, before the
wave of democratization
sweeping the world at the
end of World War II, the
Estado Novo becomes
politically untenable and
Vargas is deposed by the
heads of the Armed Forces
on October 29, 1945. So
José Linhares, president of
the Supreme Court, the
government assumes inter-
im.
The decline of the
Estado Novo dictatorship,
however, predates the fall
of Vargas. Since the begin-
ning of 1945, bowing to
pressure from civil society,
the government was liber-
alizing the regime. So had
slowed censorship, granted
amnesty wide, allowed the
creation of political parties
and elections scheduled for
the presidency, Congress
and some state govern-
ments. The parties then
founded as the National
Democratic Union (UDN),
the Social Democratic Par-
ty (PSD) and the Brazilian
Labor Party (PTB), are par-
ticipating in the elections
on December 2, which also
competes in the Brazilian
Communist Party (PCB ),
legalized a month before. In
the election, General Euri-
co Gaspar Dutra, candidate
for PSD / PTB, if elected
president.
Dutra takes office
on January 31, 1946 and
two days later starts run-
ning the National Constitu-
ent Assembly, for which
320 MPs were elected,
with 177 of PSD, UDN 87,
24 of the PTB, 15 PCBs
and 17 other parties . On
September 18, the new
constitution is promulgat-
ed.
The transition to
democracy was completed
in January 1947, with the
elections of governors,
state legislators, mayors
and councilors. In May, a
reflection of the Cold War,
the PCB has revoked its
registration, punishment
applied months after their
representatives in the
House and Senate. In Au-
gust, it founded the Brazili-
an Socialist Party (PSB).
T
he Second
World War
and the early
years of postwar cre-
ate a climate conducive
to national economic
growth. With the re-
duction of imports
imposed by the con-
flict, growing industri-
alization and agricul-
tural production is
becoming more diver-
sified. Among the indus-
tries that are installed are
the National Motor Facto-
ry and the National Steel
Company. Are also taken
important initiatives in the
areas of transport and en-
ergy, with the opening of
roads, expansion of ports
and hydroelectric plants.
Domestic brasilian policy
Brasilian Economy
“The transition to
democracy was
completed in January
1947, with the
elections of governors,
state legislators,
mayors and
councilors.”
Página 6 The 40s

7. T
he Brazil remained
neutral in the first
three years of the
Second World War. In
1941, without breaking
diplomatic relations with
the Axis powers, President
Vargas Signs Agreement
with the U.S. in which this
country undertakes to fi-
nance the construction of
the National Steel Compa-
ny in exchange for permis-
sion to install U.S. military
bases in Natal, Belem and
Recife. On August 28,
1942, after German subma-
rine attacks followed the
Brazilian merchant ships,
Brazil declares war on Ger-
many and Italy. The follow-
ing year, it created the Bra-
zilian Expeditionary Force
(BEF), which departs for
Italy in mid-1944, which
accumulates victories. In
1945, the country estab-
lishes diplomatic relations
with the Soviet Union, but
breaks them two years
later. In 1947, it is held in
Rio de Janeiro in the Inter-
American Conference that
discusses the issue of secu-
rity in the continent and is
signed the Inter-American
Treaty
of Recip-
rocal
Assis-
tance
(TIAR),
better
known
as the
Rio
Treaty
I
n the 40s, the Brazilian
population increased
26%, from 41.2 million
people to 51.9. During the
period, the urban popula-
tion grows 46% rural and
17%. Even with the growing
population in most cities,
Brazil ends the decade as a
predominantly rural coun-
try, with 33.2 million peo-
ple (64% of total) living in
the countryside.
Foreign brasilian policy
Brazil Population
Labour brasilian legislation
L
abour legislation is
broad and system-
atic, with the impo-
sition of the minimum
wage and union dues
(1940), Justice of Labor
(1941) and the Consolida-
tion of Labor Laws - CLT
(1943), which brings to-
gether all the resolutions
adopted since 1930 in
labor. Professional educa-
tion and social needs of
workers are covered by
the creation of the system
S: National Industrial Ap-
prenticeship Service
(Senai), National Service of
Commercial Education
(Senac), Social Service of
Industry (SESI) and Social
Service of Commerce
(SESC ).
Página 7Volume 1, edição 1

8. THE
DAILY
NEWS
wanted to resurrect the
competition as soon as
possible, and began plan-
ning the next Cup. In the
postwar period, most of
the continent of Europe
was in ruins. As a result,
FIFA has had some difficul-
ty finding any country in-
terested in hosting the
event, since many gov-
ernments believed the
world stage did not fa-
vor a celebration of
sports, and it was also
important that the re-
sources would be in-
vested in the World
Cup not were extracted
from sources other
more urgent.
For some time
the World Cup was in
danger of not being held
because of a lack of in-
terest from the interna-
tional community, until
T
hree edi-
tions of the
Olympic
Games were canceled. In
1916, the reason was the
First World War, as hap-
pened in 1940 and 1944
because of the War.
The sixth edition
of the games in 1916,
would be held in Berlin,
Germany, who came to
build a stadium for the
competition, canceled in
1914.
In 1940 the Olym-
pics were held in Tokyo
(JAP). With the outbreak
of war between China and
Japan in 1937, the games
were moved to Helsinki,
Finland. In 1939 the com-
petition was definitely can-
celed because of World
War II.
In 1944, a year
before the end of the war,
the Olympic Games were
held in London, which has
just received the first issue
after the war in 1948.
Because of World
War II, the World Cup was
not being disputed since
1938, the World Cups of
1942 and 1946 were can-
celed. After the war, FIFA
Brazil presented a proposal
to the FIFA Congress in
1946, is offering to host
the event, as long as the
tournament was held in
1950 (it was originally
planned for 1949). Brazil
and Germany were the
main candidates for the
canceled World
Cup 1942; since
both the tourna-
ments of 1934 and
1938 were based
in Europe, football
historians generally
agree that the
1942 event would
likely be hosted by
a South American
country. The new
proposal Brazilian
was very similar to
1942 and was
quickly accepted.
The games that wars impeded.
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