The 4 theories of government
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The document outlines the four main theories on the origin of the state: 1) The Force Theory proposes that a small group claimed control over an area and forced others to submit to their rule. 2) The Evolutionary Theory suggests that early families and tribes evolved into the state. 3) The Divine Right Theory holds that God created the state and chose individuals to rule with divine right. 4) The Social Contract Theory posits that people voluntarily agreed to a social contract like a constitution to ensure safety and well-being for all, influencing the foundations of American government.
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The document discusses John Locke's social contract theory and its influence on modern governments. It explains that according to Locke, individuals in the state of nature came together through a social contract to form civil society and protect their natural rights to life, liberty, and property. They agreed to establish a government through a second contractual agreement and give it authority, on the condition that it safeguards people's rights. The document notes Locke's theory justified limiting government power and the English Glorious Revolution. It reflects that Locke's ideas influenced many modern constitutions through emphasizing individual rights and representative democracy.
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This document outlines the key principles of government, including that a government needs a population and established territory with fixed boundaries to rule over. It also discusses the origins of states from family groups and how rulers gained power, either through force or by claiming rule by God or the will of the people. Additionally, it examines the purposes of government in maintaining social order, providing public services and national security, and making economic decisions.
Introduction to political science1
Legitimacy, sovereignty, and authority are interrelated concepts. Legitimacy refers to the level of acceptance or obligation that people feel towards their government. Sovereignty is the control a government has over its territory. Authority is the ability of leaders to get people to obey them based on their legitimate power. The origins of sovereignty theory trace back to debates during the Reformation period over the legitimacy of royal power versus religious authority. Jean Bodin's work in the 16th century established one of the first systematic discussions of sovereignty theory, arguing the absolutist monarch was the legitimate source of law within a state.
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The 4 theories of government
- 1. The 4 Theories of Government • Where did the state come from? Here are the 4 main theories on how the state originated: • First, can we name them? 1. The Force Theory- “The state was born of force”. 2. Evolutionary Theory- developed out of the early family 3. The Divine Right Theory- “Divine Right to rule” 4. The Social Contract Theory- the state arose out of a voluntary act of free people.
- 2. The Force Theory • “The State was born of Force” • Based upon the idea that one person/small group claimed control over an area and forced everyone within that area to submit to their rule. • Once their rule was established- all 4 characteristics of the state were present (name them?).
- 3. The Evolutionary Theory • Who is the head of your household? Your Mom, Dad, siblings, guardians? • The Evolutionary Theory says that the head of the household was the “government”. • Eventually this “lead” family evolved into a network of related clans and tribes who inhabited a piece of land- thus creating the state.
- 4. The Divine Right Theory • Very popular throughout the 15th -18th centuries. • God created the state and chose individuals to be given a “royal birth” and therefore the “divine right to rule”. • Opposition to ruler is both treason and a moral sin.
- 5. The Social Contract Theory • Most significant theory in relation to American Government. • Locke, Hobbes, and Rousseau • Originally one’s safety, and allegiance, depended upon their physical strength and intelligence. • In order to change this condition, people agreed upon a contract (the constitution) to ensure the safety and well- being of all. • Popular sovereignty, limited government, individual rights.
- 6. Quick Review 1. What is the definition of Government? 2. List and explain the three types of power that a government exercises? 3. What does the Preamble of the Constitution list? Name a few. 4. What are the 4 characteristics of a State? 5. Explain sovereignty and its importance. 6. Explain the difference between a nation and state. 7. List and explain the Four Theories of Government. 8. What three philosophers were most influential to the beginnings of American Government?
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