The document provides an overview of a texture analyzer instrument. It discusses the objective to objectively measure physical food properties that correlate to human sensory perceptions. It describes the basic operation of the texture analyzer as applying mechanical conditions and measuring the force response. Various test modes are outlined like compression, tension, and cycling tests. Applications to food, pharmaceuticals, and other industries are highlighted. The document concludes with details on probes, fixtures, models, units of measurement, and operating the texture analyzer.

1. TEXTURE ANALYZER
 Introduction
 Objective
 Application
 CT3 Analyser Operation
 Calibration

2. Texture:
The feel,Appearance
Consistencey of surface or Substance
Different Texture of food-
-Crispy
-Crunchy
-Chewy
-Sticky

3. Objectives:-
• Introduce:
– Human sensory (subjective) texture perception
– Instrumental (objective) measurements of the physical properties of products
• Introduce texture analysis as the correlation between sensory perception and physical
properties
• Comparison with innovators

4. What is a Texture Analyzer?
 A texture analyzer is basically an upside down laboratory scale which continuously records
the load (FORCE) response of a test material to the mechanical conditions imposed.
 Controlled mechanical conditions are input by an instrument. The response to these
conditions becomes the measured variable allowing us to assess real-life physical properties.
 Bi-Directional Tests
 The instrument achieves this through either downward (compression) or upward (tension)
movement.
Instrument measures the response of the sample to an applied stress
 Graphical interpretation is usually shown as a function of load vs. time.

5. Modes of Operation :-
 Compression
 Tension (tensile test)
 TPA (two bite test)
 Rupture

6. What texture information can tell us ?
Toughness
Tenderness
Consistency
Chewiness
Stickiness
Fracturability
Hardness
Gel Strength
Freshness
Brittleness
Stickiness
Dough Quality
Tablet Strength
Coating Hardness
Bloom Strength
Consistency
Spreadability
Adhesiveness
Consistency
Hardness
Hardness
Brittleness
Ripeness
Consistency
Creaminess
Spreadability
Resilience
Break Strength
Peel Tests

7. CT3 Texture Analyzer-
-The CT3 Texture Analyzer is the most recent development of the original
Boucher Jelly Tester. The Original product was created as the Stevens
Texturemeter and evolved into the Leatherhead Food Research Association
Texture Analyzer. Brookfleld Engineering first enhanced the design of the
LFRA, maintaining the characteristics of the original equipment, while
expanding its measurement capabilities and ease of use by incorporating modern
digital technology.
-The new Brookfield CT3 Texture Analyzer is the third generation of this
venerable product, adding tension testing capability, increased load cell options,
space for large samples, two options for base tables and a wider range of
accessories for more flexibility.

10. Types of Probes :-

11. Types of Fixtures (for example) :-

12. Models:-
There are five load cell ranges available for the CT3 Texture Analyzer offered by Brookfield:
Models Load Cell Range
 CT3-100 100g
 CT3-1000 1kg
 CT3-1500 1.5kg
 CT3-4500 4.5kg
 CT3-10k 10kg

13. Units :-
The CT3 Texture Analyzer uses the SI system of units for all parameters.
Parameter Unit Abbreviation
Load Grams or Newtons g or N
Deformation Millimeter mm
Time Seconds s
Speed Millimeter per second mm/s
Work MilliJoules mJ

14. PHARMACEUTICALAPPLICATIONS

15. Tablet strength
Tablet strength testing is therefore necessary for Research & Development of new
formulations and for Quality Control.

16. Bi-layer Tablets
 Bi-layer tablets contain two or more Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) in a single
dosage form promoting patience convenience, compliance, and marketing.
 However, production of such tablets has faced great difficulties being prone to fracture
along the material interface during compaction.
 The tablet failure is a result of weak bonding and adhesion between compacted layers.
Results obtained from three bi-
layer Tablets of same batch

17. CT3 Texture analyzer measures the force required to separate film
coating from the tablet.
Tablet Coating
Four tablets taken from the same pack have
been tested

18. Gelatine capsules
-Soft and hard gelatine
-Bloom test (gel strength)
Data Set #1: Capsule 1
Data Set #2: Capsule 2

19. Gel capsules
 Soft gels are widely used in medicines.
 The active ingredient is packaged inside the capsule and the contents released at an
appropriate time by rapture, dissolution, melting and diffusion.
 The rate at which these processes occur depends on the strength of the capsule.

20. Blister packaging
 Blister packs are widely used for unit dose packaging of tablets, capsules .
 They should have some degree of tamper-resistance avoiding accidental opening during
transportation and by children but easily opened by weak patients and the elderly.

21. Topical Products
 Types of tests for moisturising creams
-Spreadability
-Consistency
-Firmness
Data Set #1: Premium Brand
Data Set #2: Budget Brand

22. Toothpaste
Data Set #1: Premium Brand
Data Set #2: Budget Brand

23. Operating Menu –CT3 Texture Analyzer:-
The CT3 texture analyzer offers six test modes and one calibration mode.
I. Normal test – single compression cycle.
II. Hold time test – compress and hold.
III. Cycle count test – compress sample several times.
IV. Bloom test – compression test measures gelatin bloom strength.
V. TPA test – two cycle texture profile analysis compression test.
VI. Tension test – pulls apart a sample using tension force.
VII. Static load test – monitors load while hanging calibration weights.
The specific parameters required will depend upon the type of test chosen:
 Normal Test requires: trigger, deformation, speed
 Hold Time Test requires: hold time, trigger, deformation, speed
 Cycle Count Test requires: cycle count, trigger, deformation, speed
 Bloom Test requires: All parameters are fixed according to industry standard
 TPA Test requires: trigger, deformation, speed
 Tension Test requires: trigger, deformation, speed
 Static Load Test requires: none

24. The test parameters are defined as follows:
 Trigger : The load, in grams, measured by the CT3 to indicate that the probe is in contact
with the sample. Once the trigger value is reached, the test will begin at the defined speed.
 Deformation : The total downward distance the probe will travel once the trigger value is
reached.
 Speed : The speed at which the probe will travel the specified distance.
 Time : The number of seconds that the probe will be held at the defined distance during a
Hold Time test.
 Count : The number of cycles (Speed and Distance) that will be applied to the sample
during a Cycle Count test.

25. Display Conventions-
The CT3 display contains four lines, but some result screens contain additional lines of
information. In order to show more than four lines of information, screens are allowed to
scroll using the Scroll knob. Scrollable screens are identified by the èê symbols in the
upper right corner of the display. Whenever these symbols appear, the display can be
scrolled up or down as indicated to show the lines above or below those presently
displayed. In the following section describing test modes, all possible displays are shown.
#Load shown in Newton # Load show in Grams
HARDNESS1: XXXX.X g
HARDNESS2: XXXX.X g
COHESIVENESS: XXX.XX
SPRINGINESS: XX.X mm
ADHESION: XX.X mJ
TEMP: XXX.X F
HARDNESS1: XXXX.X N
HARDNESS2: XXXX.X N
COHESIVENESS: XXX.XX
SPRINGINESS: XX.X mm
ADHESION: XX.X mJ
TEMP: XXX.X C

26. Running a Test
A test is initiated by depressing the start button. The operator is reminded to attach a probe,
then Press START again to zero the weight of the probe and begin the test.
* Attach probe *
press start
To continue
Depressing the select/scroll knob at any time during the test, or even while test results are
displayed, Will show the current test parameters. At the completion of the test, the final
results will be displayed until the start button or rest button is pressed. The reset button will
return the instrument to the default display where the test mode may be selected. The start
button will begin the same test again.

27. Normal Test –
Performs a single compression of the sample then immediately returns to HOME
starting position.
The operator sets the trigger value, target deformation (travel distance into the sample)
and the test speed using the Normal menu screen:
TEST: NORMAL
TRIGGER: XXX.X g
DEFORMATION:XXX.X mm
SPEED: X.XX mm /s

28. Hold time test –
Performs a single compression of the sample. The sample remains compressed for
programmed hold time before the probe returns to the starting position. The Operator
sets the hold time, trigger value, target deformation and test speed using the Hold Time
menu screen:
TEST:HOLD TIME: XXXX S
TRIGGER: XXX.X g
DEFORMATION: XXX.X mm
SPEED: XX.X mm/S

29. Tension test -
–This test can be used to pull apart a sample, usually using grip fixtures to apply tension load on the
sample.
The operator sets the trigger value, target deformation and the test speed using the Tension menu
screen:
TEST: TENSION
TRIGGER: XXX.X g
DEFORMATION:XXX.X mm
SPEED: XX.X mm/s

30. Cycle count test –
Performs a programmed number of compression cycles upon a sample.
The operator sets the number of cycles, trigger value, target deformation and test speed using the
Cycle Count menu screen:
TEST: CYCLE COUNT: XXXX
TRIGGER: XXX.X g
DEFORMATION :XXX.X mm
SPEED: XX.X mm/s

31. Checking Calibration-
The load calibration of the CT3 Texture Analyzer can be verified using the Static Load mode.
Recommend Brookfield weight set appropriate for your CT3 load range:
BEL Part No. Load Range
•TA-CW-100C 100 gram
•TA-CW-1000C 1000 gram
•TA-CW-1500C 1500 gram
•TA-CW-4500C 4500 gram
•TA-CW-10KGC 10kg
The frequency of the calibration verification should be set in accordance to your company
procedures.

32. Start the calibration verification process using the select/scroll knob to set the test mode to
Static Load and press the start button.
The display will request that you attach the hanger mount to the probe shaft.
The weight of the hanger mount itself will be zeroed by pressing the start button.
The display will change to show static load active parameters once the auto zero process is
complete.
Attach the desired weight to the Hanger and record the load value from the display. Multiple
weights may be attached to the Hanger to achieve a range of test points.
TEST: STATIC LOAD
*ATTACH HANGER MOUNT
*PRESS START
TO CONTINUE

33. Model Load Range Load Accuracy (+/-grams)
CT3-100 g 0-100 g 0.5
CT3-1000 g 0-1000 g 5.0
CT3-1500 g 0-1500 g 7.5
CT3-4500 g 0-4500 g 22.5
CT3-10 kg 10-10 kg 50.0

34. THANK YOU