This document outlines standards and procedures for transmission line route surveys. It discusses responsibilities, survey methods, drawings, and other documentation required. Some key points:
- The contractor is responsible for selecting the transmission line route based on criteria like minimum length, cost, and environmental impact. They must perform preliminary and detailed surveys.
- Surveying methods include establishing angle points, profiling the terrain, and noting obstacles. Data is recorded on plan and profile drawings.
- Drawings include general layouts, detailed plans and profiles, and crossings. Profile stationing starts from the power source.
- The contractor must ensure accurate structure placement within specified tolerances based on the survey data.
Design of Earthing System for 230 kV High Voltage Substation by ETAP 12.6 Sof...ijtsrd
The design of earthing system for 230 kV substation is challenging task. A safety is one major concern in the operation and design of an electrical power system. This Paper is to provide information pertinent to safe earthing practice in substation design and to establish the safe limits of potential difference under normal and fault conditions. Substation earthing system design requires calculating of parameter such as touch and step voltage criteria for safety, grid resistance, maximum grid current, earth resistance, minimum conductor size and electrode size, maximum fault current level and soil resistivity. Soil resistivity is a major factor influencing substation grid design. In this paper, design of earthing grid for Square configuration to obtain the minimum cost and safety. Finally, simulation results were carried out using ETAP 12.6 software. This paper mentions the method proposed for substation earthing is in accordance with IEEE Std 80 2000. Khin Thuzar Soe | Thet Mon Aye | Aye Aye Mon "Design of Earthing System for 230 kV High Voltage Substation by ETAP 12.6 Software" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26747.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/26747/design-of-earthing-system-for-230-kv-high-voltage-substation-by-etap-126-software/khin-thuzar-soe
AC LINE DESIGN
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS
THERMAL RATING
PLANNERS REQUIREMENTS
OBJECTIVE INDICATOR
DC LINE DESIGN
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
OBJECTIVE INDICATOR
COST OF LINES
EXAMPLES OF OPTIMISATION
Design of substation (with Transformer Design) SayanSarkar55
This ppt is made for the subject Machine Design. Here the basic types, equipment, designs of substation is described with the preocess and calculation of designing a transformer also.
Purpose
Earthing systems are required to manage the transfer of fault energy in such a manner as to limit the
risk to people, equipment and system operation to acceptable levels. An earthing system is required
to perform this function for the life of the electrical network for which it is installed, for the range of
configurations of the network and nearby infrastructure that are foreseeable. The earthing system
may need to be augmented over time so as to continue to fulfil this function.
Safety for personnel and public
The earthing system is required to manage any hazardous potential differences to which personnel
or members of the public may be exposed. These potential differences include:
»» touch voltages (including transferred touch voltages)
»» step voltages
»» hand to hand voltages.
These voltages can be present on metallic equipment within substations, associated with substations
or equipment associated with powerlines/cables, or even on non-power system plant items nearby
(and not associated with) the electrical system. The soil potential relative to the metallic equipment
needs to be carefully considered. For a hazardous situation to arise, a power system earth fault must
be coincident with a person being at a location exposed to a consequential hazardous voltage.
The earthing system achieves an acceptable risk of shock for people by equipotential bonding or
isolating the metallic equipment and infrastructure. The earthing system may also involve the use of
insulating barriers to reduce the risk of hazardous potential differences. Earthing systems, while not
actively operating for the majority of time, are 'safety critical' systems in that under fault conditions
they must operate to ensure safety of staff and the public as well as protection of system equipment.
As 'constant supervision' is not usually available (as it is for the phase conductors) deterioration or
damage can remain latent. For this reason the design, installation and maintenance is all the more
critical. Where an earthing system is inadequately designed, poorly installed, or not supervised through
appropriate maintenance it will not reliably operate to provide safety when required to do so. This risk
is not acceptable, as responsible management can generally ensure safety for a reasonable cost.
The major challenge in Indian power sector is operating upgrading of the transmission & distribution lines with efficient meteringApplication of smart grid devices for consistently condition monitoring of overhead lines &substation can decides the action of maintenance required and thus condition-based maintenance (CBM) technique can be implemented. To meet ever increase in demand, reduction of value of losses, utilization of huge renewable energy and absence of automation in power Transmission & Distribution, there is need of Preventive Maintenance (PM) & logy(RCM).
The financial growth of India also depends on availability of electricity. Indian power sector having characteristics as shortage of generation and high T & D losses up to 30% of total electricity generation with some parts of states of country up to 40%. When losses due to theft are added in the total then average losses increases up to 30%. The economical loss reaches at 1.5% of the national GDP which is increasing. To maintain stability of power system up gradation is essential. Transmission system is operated & regulated as per the Regulations & standards given by Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC), Central Electricity Authority (CEA), State Electricity Regulatory Commissions (SERC). At present Maintenance technology is one of the topics of R & D for various countries.
COVERS THE LAYOUT AVAILABLE FOR ADOPTION WITH AN EYE ON EASY MAINTENANCE .The layouts were evolved by the author and his associate for use by power boards
MV Switchgear provides centralized control and protection of medium-voltage power equipment and circuits in industrial, commercial, and utility installations involving generators, motors, feeder circuits, and transmission and distribution lines.
A Presentation based on Underground Cables Used In the Transmission And Distribution System.It is a topic covered in the syllabus of B.E. in Electrical Engineering in 5th semester Subject named "Electrical Power System" For more detail you can check the book "Electrical Power System" by Author V.K.Mehta and S.Chand Publication.
Design of Earthing System for 230 kV High Voltage Substation by ETAP 12.6 Sof...ijtsrd
The design of earthing system for 230 kV substation is challenging task. A safety is one major concern in the operation and design of an electrical power system. This Paper is to provide information pertinent to safe earthing practice in substation design and to establish the safe limits of potential difference under normal and fault conditions. Substation earthing system design requires calculating of parameter such as touch and step voltage criteria for safety, grid resistance, maximum grid current, earth resistance, minimum conductor size and electrode size, maximum fault current level and soil resistivity. Soil resistivity is a major factor influencing substation grid design. In this paper, design of earthing grid for Square configuration to obtain the minimum cost and safety. Finally, simulation results were carried out using ETAP 12.6 software. This paper mentions the method proposed for substation earthing is in accordance with IEEE Std 80 2000. Khin Thuzar Soe | Thet Mon Aye | Aye Aye Mon "Design of Earthing System for 230 kV High Voltage Substation by ETAP 12.6 Software" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26747.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/26747/design-of-earthing-system-for-230-kv-high-voltage-substation-by-etap-126-software/khin-thuzar-soe
AC LINE DESIGN
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS
THERMAL RATING
PLANNERS REQUIREMENTS
OBJECTIVE INDICATOR
DC LINE DESIGN
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
OBJECTIVE INDICATOR
COST OF LINES
EXAMPLES OF OPTIMISATION
Design of substation (with Transformer Design) SayanSarkar55
This ppt is made for the subject Machine Design. Here the basic types, equipment, designs of substation is described with the preocess and calculation of designing a transformer also.
Purpose
Earthing systems are required to manage the transfer of fault energy in such a manner as to limit the
risk to people, equipment and system operation to acceptable levels. An earthing system is required
to perform this function for the life of the electrical network for which it is installed, for the range of
configurations of the network and nearby infrastructure that are foreseeable. The earthing system
may need to be augmented over time so as to continue to fulfil this function.
Safety for personnel and public
The earthing system is required to manage any hazardous potential differences to which personnel
or members of the public may be exposed. These potential differences include:
»» touch voltages (including transferred touch voltages)
»» step voltages
»» hand to hand voltages.
These voltages can be present on metallic equipment within substations, associated with substations
or equipment associated with powerlines/cables, or even on non-power system plant items nearby
(and not associated with) the electrical system. The soil potential relative to the metallic equipment
needs to be carefully considered. For a hazardous situation to arise, a power system earth fault must
be coincident with a person being at a location exposed to a consequential hazardous voltage.
The earthing system achieves an acceptable risk of shock for people by equipotential bonding or
isolating the metallic equipment and infrastructure. The earthing system may also involve the use of
insulating barriers to reduce the risk of hazardous potential differences. Earthing systems, while not
actively operating for the majority of time, are 'safety critical' systems in that under fault conditions
they must operate to ensure safety of staff and the public as well as protection of system equipment.
As 'constant supervision' is not usually available (as it is for the phase conductors) deterioration or
damage can remain latent. For this reason the design, installation and maintenance is all the more
critical. Where an earthing system is inadequately designed, poorly installed, or not supervised through
appropriate maintenance it will not reliably operate to provide safety when required to do so. This risk
is not acceptable, as responsible management can generally ensure safety for a reasonable cost.
The major challenge in Indian power sector is operating upgrading of the transmission & distribution lines with efficient meteringApplication of smart grid devices for consistently condition monitoring of overhead lines &substation can decides the action of maintenance required and thus condition-based maintenance (CBM) technique can be implemented. To meet ever increase in demand, reduction of value of losses, utilization of huge renewable energy and absence of automation in power Transmission & Distribution, there is need of Preventive Maintenance (PM) & logy(RCM).
The financial growth of India also depends on availability of electricity. Indian power sector having characteristics as shortage of generation and high T & D losses up to 30% of total electricity generation with some parts of states of country up to 40%. When losses due to theft are added in the total then average losses increases up to 30%. The economical loss reaches at 1.5% of the national GDP which is increasing. To maintain stability of power system up gradation is essential. Transmission system is operated & regulated as per the Regulations & standards given by Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC), Central Electricity Authority (CEA), State Electricity Regulatory Commissions (SERC). At present Maintenance technology is one of the topics of R & D for various countries.
COVERS THE LAYOUT AVAILABLE FOR ADOPTION WITH AN EYE ON EASY MAINTENANCE .The layouts were evolved by the author and his associate for use by power boards
MV Switchgear provides centralized control and protection of medium-voltage power equipment and circuits in industrial, commercial, and utility installations involving generators, motors, feeder circuits, and transmission and distribution lines.
A Presentation based on Underground Cables Used In the Transmission And Distribution System.It is a topic covered in the syllabus of B.E. in Electrical Engineering in 5th semester Subject named "Electrical Power System" For more detail you can check the book "Electrical Power System" by Author V.K.Mehta and S.Chand Publication.
SCT an Advanced Pipeline Integrity SolutionBrett Payton
The SCT Technique fills the gap in the armory of integrity engineers when assessing the condition of difficult to inspect pipelines and is being referred to as a "game changer" by many individuals in the industry.
An experienced street lighting team’s perspective -
Scotland has a strong focus on accelerating the provision of electric vehicle charging infrastructure. Data shows that outside of London, Scotland is way ahead of the rest of the UK in the provision of public charge points. So, what can be learnt from Westminster’s EV charging rollout? The process has been managed by a specific team, with technical input from the council’s street lighting team. This CPD presentation will give the street lighting team’s view of the in-column EV charging rollout in the council. Covering the expectations versus reality under current standards, the issues found following installation, and the ever-changing landscape of what can be allowed on the highway, this session will benefit every street lighting professional with an involvement in EV charging. The webinar will also include an overview of the issues to consider with rapid chargers.
Speaker: Dean Wendelborn BE(Civil) and Dip.Lighting (LET), Westminster City Council
Engineering Final Year Project Report on "Electrical Safety and Protection of...Pratap Bhunia
Substation Network and Load Distribution
Substation Network Design
Civil Works Specification
Various Subsystems in Substation and Their Functions
Substation Equipment and Their Functions
Design of Capacity of Transmission Lines
Calculation of Line Constants and SIL
Bus Bar Arrangement
Power Transformer
Substation Earthing
Circuit Breaker
Isolator
Current Transformer
Capacitor Voltage Transformer
Lightning Surge
Switching Surge
Lightning Arrester
Surge Absorber
Directional Boring or Horizontal Directional Drilling has replaced all the traditional drilling methods. It has several benefits and has found its way into applications like waterways, roadways, and more. This technique is time-saving and requires less resources comparatively. This piece explains how the entire drilling process is performed while highlighting its benefits as well.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdf
Tes p-122.08-r0
1.
2. PAGE NO. 2 OF 11TESP12208R0/MAR
TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.08, Rev. 0
Date of Approval: February 18, 2007
Table of Contents
1. SCOPE OF WORK
2. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
3. RESPONSIBILITIES
4. ROUTE SELECTION ASPECTS
5. GROUND SURFACE SURVEY
6. DRAWINGS
6.1 General Layout Drawings
6.2 Plan and Profile Drawings
6.3 Detail Drawing of Crossings
7. TOWER SPOTTING ON PROFILES
8. SURVEY PRELIMINARY TO ERECTION
9. DOCUMENTS TO BE FURNISHED BY CONTRACTOR
10. ERRORS IN SURVEYING
3. PAGE NO. 3 OF 11TESP12208R0/MAR
TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.08, Rev. 0
Date of Approval: February 18, 2007
1.0 SCOPE OF WORK
This standard covers the survey work to establish the route of the transmission line. The
work consists of ascertaining the definite route, making the topographic survey and
recording it on plan and profile drawings.
2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
The general standard outdoor atmospheric and climatic conditions prevailing in the line
route are in accordance with those presented in the latest revision of SEC General
Specification No. 01-TMSS-01 , titled “ General Requirements for All Transmission
Equipment / Materials”.
3.0 RESPONSIBILITIES
The contractor will receive along with tender documents a map showing the general line
route. SEC representative will indicate the OHL start and end points, which are usually
located in front of the concerned bay of a departure and receiving substation
respectively. The locations of OHL route angles shown on the above mentioned map
shall be tentative. However, the contractor shall check this line route prior to the actual
ground survey. The ground survey shall be executed along this line route and no
departure from it shall be accepted without prior approval by SEC. Before starting the
detailed survey a walkover survey of the line shall be made, various feasible routes shall
be ascertained and marked on the submitted drawing for approval.
The contractor shall be responsible for all work involved in selecting the transmission
line route including but not limited to:
1. Using the route selection aspects as in Clause 4 below.
2. Furnishing all personnel, material, equipment required to do the work, providing
necessary engineering services together with all the necessary labour, skill, techniques,
tools and facilities. Supplying all other items of whatever nature not specified herein as
required for completion of all work indicated in this specification.
3. Making a preliminary survey between terminal points of the OHL
4. Determining and submitting a tentative line route for SEC approval.
5. Staking of route centre line points, angles and terminal points.
6. Supplying of plan and profile of the line route.
4. PAGE NO. 4 OF 11TESP12208R0/MAR
TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.08, Rev. 0
Date of Approval: February 18, 2007
Incase where SEC provide the line route and plan and profile drawings, the
CONTRACTOR shall comply with following responsibilities:
a. The contractor shall verify that the required clearances are obtained as well as the
location and alignment of each structure using his actual survey data in conjunction
with the plan and profile drawings, and then proceed to layout the right-of-way for
clearing requirements.
b. If a proposed structure location conflicts with other construction or existing
obstructions, the CONTRACTOR shall immediately notify the SEC
REPRESENTATIVE before proceeding further.
c. Accepted structure locations shall not be moved without the prior written
authorization of the SEC REPRESENTATIVE.
d. The CONTRACTOR shall verify the line layout interms of adequate conductor
clearance and immediately notify the SEC REPRESENTATIVE of any
descripencies encountered. The rquired conductor ground clearances must be
maintained at all times.
e. The CONTRACTOR shall survey the sites before proceeding with the design, and
any additional utilities such as pipelines (including future utilities) which are not
shown on the plan and profile provided by the SEC shall be considered by the
CONTRACTOR during the design and construction stage of the project.
4.0 ROUTE SELECTION ASPECTS
The contractor shall trace the proposed route so that it is of minimum length, minimum
structure quantity, easy access to their locations, minimum cost of overall construction,
operation and maintenance.
a. The transmission line routes shall have minimal impact on farmland and residential
….or commercial development.
b. The right of way width shall be inaccordance with that given in TES-P-122.09
(Clearances and right of way requirements ).
c. All the angle locations shall be accessible by a four wheel drive vehicle.
d. Routes shall be accessable via an existing roadway or roadway scheduled for
immediate construction. Areas subject to water, erosion or landslide shall be
avoided,.particularly, in the selection of route angle points.
e. The minimum horizontal distance between the route centre line and other overhead
…lines or other obstacles (ie. gas, oil, water pipes, building, trees) shall not be less than
…as stated below:
5. PAGE NO. 5 OF 11TESP12208R0/MAR
TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.08, Rev. 0
Date of Approval: February 18, 2007
Min. Distance (metres) of selected line route
to objects for:
Obstacles
380kV
OHL
230kV
OHL
132kV
OHL
115kV
OHL
110kV
OHL
69kV
OHL
1. 380Kv OHL
2. 230Kv OHL
3. 132Kv OHL
4. 115Kv OHL
5. 110Kv OHL
6. 69Kv OHL
7. 33/13.8kV OHL
8. L.V. OHL
9. Telecommunication Line
10. Buildings
11. Pipe with nominal diameter;
Less than 150 mm
Between 150- 450 mm
More than 450 mm
50
50
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
35
40
45
85
50
50
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
35
40
45
85
40
40
35
30
30
30
25
25
25
20
40
45
85
40
40
30
30
30
30
25
25
25
20
40
45
85
40
40
30
30
30
30
25
25
25
20
40
45
85
40
40
30
30
30
30
25
25
25
20
40
45
85
f. At the crossing of OHL route over other features, the following rules shall be applied:
i. Where transmission line route cross pipelines, the angle of intersection is preferably
90 degrees, and if not possible the angle of intersection shall be between 70 to 110
degrees.
ii. Where transmission line route cross overhead transmission lines and communication
lines, the angle of intersection is preferably 90 degrees, and if not possible the angle of
intersection shall be between 70 to 110 degrees.
iii. Where transmission line route cross roads, the angle of intersection is preferably 90
degrees, and if not possible the angle of intersection shall be between 45 to 135 degrees.
Where transmission line route cross major highways, the angle of intersection shall be as
near as possible to 90 degrees.
iv. Where transmission line route cross the railroad tracks, the angle of intersection is
preferably 90 degrees, and if not possible the angle of intersection shall be between 70 to
110 degrees.
v. At wadi crossing the route shall be selected where a single span is possible.
Both banks of the wadi shall be firm soil, the preference solid sound rock.
g. The OHL route shall not cross the approach paths of any airport or near any existing
or presently planned future microwave systems, without written approval of both the
proper authorities and SEC.
6. PAGE NO. 6 OF 11TESP12208R0/MAR
TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.08, Rev. 0
Date of Approval: February 18, 2007
5.0 GROUND SURFACE SURVEY
The contractor shall survey and profile the transmission line routes that comply with this
specification and approved by SEC, in order to produce terrain profiles. The control
survey shall be of second order accuracy, the tolerances shall be as stated in the data
schedule.
The survey shall include mainly:
-- Location points of line deviations (angle points) on site according to final, approved
line route maps.
-- Staking of these points with concrete poles (200 x 200mm), 1400mm high of which
400mm buried with a 16mm dia., 300mm long steel bar fixed to the centre.
-- Tying of these points to two or three fixed stable locations by distances and angles,
tying them to the National Grid System and levels be related to National Datum, to
facilitate recovery or re-establishing of angle point in the event of the stake being
destroyed.
-- Setting out the alignment by stakes at measurement stations according to terrain slope
with distances not more than l00m between them, otherwise these stations shall be
located at points where the terrain changes its slope.
-- Measuring of the profile along the centre line.
--Measuring of the side profile parallel to the centre line at a distance of 5m in 132kV,
115kV,. 110kV& 69kV..OHL and 11m in 380kV & 230kV OHL at the uphill side of the
centre line whenever the terrain slope perpendicular to the line axis exceeds 5%.
-- Measuring of angles between adjacent straight line sections.
-- Survey of details and obstacles like houses, waterflow routes, power and
telecommunication lines, ground surface nature (i-e. sand, rocks, etc.), vegetation,
boundary walls, fences and the like for the complete right of way width or 50m to both
sides of the centre line whichever is less of the proposed Transmission Line Route.
-- Survey of power and telephone lines crossing the centre line producing the following
details.
-Voltage
- Structure Number as indicated on the number plates.
-Quantities of crossed telephone wires.
-Material of power and telephone supports.
-Sketch of structure configuration.
-Centre of two nearest structures on the left and on the right side of the centreline, even
when these two structures are further away from the centre line than 50m.
7. PAGE NO. 7 OF 11TESP12208R0/MAR
TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.08, Rev. 0
Date of Approval: February 18, 2007
-Elevation of suspension points of conductors and earth wires. Sag of conductors
between the two structures with a temperature at the time of survey.
-Existing elevations of the conductors and overhead ground wires attachment points of
the take-off structures.
-A map using a suitable scale showing the adjacent telephone lines, pipelines,
underground power or telecommunication cables running parallel to the line route, in a
distance of l00m from both sides of centre line.
-The metric system and 360 degrees division shall be used.
The profile drawing shall show the locations of all measured points (or station) and
following information for each point:
-Number of point or station.
-Accumulative distances.
-Partial distances.
-Points altitude.
-Angles magnitude of right of way angle in degrees.
6.0 DRAWINGS
Preparation of drawings shall be in accordance with SEEDS-II.
6.1 General Layout Drawings
The Contractor shall supply a general layout drawing showing the transmission
line location with respect to the terminal installations. An enlarged plan view of
each terminal shall show the departure of all the lines from the substation. In a
tabular form, the drawing shall identify and give the angle points; its coordinates
and the deflection. The length and bearing of all the line sections must also be
included.
In this general layout drawing, the province and tribe lines and limits of cities
should be shown and the centerline tied to the National Grid. The scale of the
drawing shall be such as the line could be shown on an A0 size drawing.
6.2 Plan and Profile Drawings
Plan and Profile drawing depicts the changes of elevation along a given line and
any features crossing that line. The plan view of the Plan & Profile drawing shows
the horizontal layout of the project (scale 1:2000) and the profile view shows the
vertical plane or grade information (scale 1:200). The method of profile data
acquisition by the contractor surveyor may include ground survey with total station
and data recorder. Microstation (drafting package developed and marketed by
Bentley Systems Inc.) shall be adopted as the standard graphics package.
8. PAGE NO. 8 OF 11TESP12208R0/MAR
TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.08, Rev. 0
Date of Approval: February 18, 2007
6.2.1 Plan & Profile Computation:
a. The ground profile drawing shall show all relevant details as specified
for ground surface survey in this specification.
b. Profile stationing shall start from the proposed power source increasing
towards the supplied point. Usually, the source is a take-off point, A
first PI or a tap-point.
c. The value of the starting profile stationing shall be selected such that
negative stationing values are avoided in case of adjustments.
d. Horizontal ground distance shall be used in computing profile
stationing. When an identical distance is observed by a control traverse,
the profile stationing shall be adjusted proportionately.
e. Angles at crossing with power lines, pipelines, railroads, fences, etc., if
not measured in the field, shall be computed from the available profile
data.
f. Elevation for instrument stations may be computed using reciprocal
trigonometric observations.
g. Elevation shall be adjusted to previously accepted values for identical
points unless gross errors are evident in the previous survey or
computation.
h. Profile offsets shall be designated left or right, facing towards
increasing profile stationing. The forward direction shall be the
direction of increasing profile stationing.
i. The atmospheric and earth curvature correction shall be applied to
trigonometric elevation computations.
j. Plan data provided in meter and projected into the UTM coordinate
system. The maps used the International 1967 spheroid and the NGN
(Ain Al Abid) Datum. The Mean Sea Level (MSL) datum shall be used
for all vertical computation.
6.2.2 Plan & Profile Drafting:
a. Sheet Format.
i. Vertical lines shall be marked for every 200m at a horizontal scale
of 1:2000.
ii. Horizontal lines shall be drawn every 10m at a vertical scale of
1:200.
iii. The upper part of the sheet shall be left blank to illustrate the plan
layout.
b. Drawing - Plan.
i. Plan layout should be placed on the upper part of the sheet with
scale of 1:2000
ii. Plan layout should be copied from the master file (provided by
COMPANY) and rotated horizontally.
iii. Plotting direction should be from Left to Right.
9. PAGE NO. 9 OF 11TESP12208R0/MAR
TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.08, Rev. 0
Date of Approval: February 18, 2007
iv. Plan layout is divided into parts and each part depicts from one
turning point (PI) to next turning point. Each part between two
turning points is always shown as a horizontal line.
v. These Horizontal lines are shifted alternatively (10cm vertically)
at the turning points. The turning point at the end of each line is
the beginning point of the next line.
c. Drawing - Profile.
i. Each sheet has a single profile line job.
ii. Natural ground elevation above MSL should be plotted along the
proposed line with scale 1:200.
iii. The points of elevation along the stations must agree exactly with
the stationing on the plan and vice versa.
6.3 Detail Drawing of Crossings
A drawing of a suitable scale shall be submitted for special crossings (ie. roads,
railroad, wadi, power and telephone lines, etc.) showing the detailed dimensions
and distances including all information to complete the structure distribution
study on the profile.
The elevation of the high of all wires of all aerial lines at the centre line crossing,
at a distance of (d)m right and left of the centre line and at the point of support of
adjacent structures, shall be shown, with the ambient temperature during survey
measurements. (d) equals to 5m in 132kV, 115kV , 110kV , 69kV OHL and l1m
in 380kV & 230kV OHL.
Tying angle points to two or three fixed points drawing showing distances and
angles in detail.
7.0 SURVEY PRELIMINARY TO ERECTION
The Contractor is responsible for the correct alignment and orientation of structures with
the tolerances specified. Structures shall be so directed that the crossarms of straight
line structures will be perpendicular to the line axis. The crossarms of the tension
structures shall bisect the angle.
When looked at by the naked eye, no structure shall be out of line. When checked by a
theodolite, no structure shall be more than 5 cm off the adjacent line which connects the
centers of the two adjacent structures.
8.0 DOCUMENTS TO BE FURNISHED BY CONTRACTOR
1- Two copies of drawing specified in Clause 6 of this specification for total line route.
2- A guaranteed confirmation that the contractor will be responsible for the mistakes in
his work which can be discovered later in OHL conductors stringing stage.
10. PAGE NO. 10 OF 11TESP12208R0/MAR
TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.08, Rev. 0
Date of Approval: February 18, 2007
9.0 ERRORS IN SURVEYING
The errors in distances shall not be more than 1m in 500m; the errors in elevation
shall not be more than 0.5m in 1000m.
11. PAGE NO. 11 OF 11TESP12208R0/MAR
TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.08, Rev. 0
Date of Approval: February 18, 2007
TECHNICAL DATA SCHEDULE
GROUND SURFACE SURVEY Unit SEC
Requirement
Bidder's
Data
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Project Name
Project Number
Contractor's Name/Country
OHL Route Length (approx.)
OHL Voltage
Tolerance of Profile Survey
--Centre line Length
Height
--Auxiliary Points Height
Angles
--Location on Profile Length
Height
Angle
*D = Distance between two
points of intersection in metres.
Is the list of survey crew
names with their experience,
submitted?
Is the list of equipment and
machineries to be used in
ground surface, submitted?
Is the guaranteed confirmation for
ground surface survey work as in
Clause 9.2, submitted.
m
m/k
m/k
Deg.
m/k
m
Deg.
-
-
-
± 5000D*
1000
± 0.5
± 0.5
±0.04
± 0.5
± 0.2
± 0.04
Yes
Yes
Yes