Terminology
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This document provides definitions and explanations of various terminology related to media studies. It discusses typography, tag lines, technical codes, iconography, theorists Claude Levi-Strauss and Ronald Barthes, and Barthes' five codes of narrative analysis. Key points include that typography arranges text artistically, tag lines are memorable phrases in film advertising, technical codes use equipment to tell stories, and iconography uses expected symbols to associate genres.
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1. Horror films attempt to scare audiences through the use of conventions and techniques, but what truly creates fear is tapping into the real cultural anxieties and fears of the time period.
2. Different eras have produced different types of monsters that reflect the major fears of that society. For example, early 20th century horrors featured more external monsters like vampires that threatened communities from the outside, while modern films depict more internal monsters that arise from within, like Norman Bates in Psycho.
3. A key way horrors have remained engaging over time is by updating these monster representations and storylines to align with evolving societal fears, while still maintaining some familiar genre traits. This allows the films to scare audiences by
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Research was important throughout the project. Studying genre conventions helped the filmmakers understand what elements make a horror film scary. However, they also wanted to be unique. Research on settings, technical codes, iconography, narrative structures, characters, themes, and audience feedback impacted decisions for their horror trailer. It was set in a creepy marsh at night with scary camerawork, lighting, props, and a plot involving a female victim, evil teacher character, and unique female hero.
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Similar to Terminology
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1. Horror films attempt to scare audiences through the use of conventions and techniques, but what truly creates fear is tapping into the real cultural anxieties and fears of the time period.
2. Different eras have produced different types of monsters that reflect the major fears of that society. For example, early 20th century horrors featured more external monsters like vampires that threatened communities from the outside, while modern films depict more internal monsters that arise from within, like Norman Bates in Psycho.
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How research has impacted our ideas
Research was important throughout the project. Studying genre conventions helped the filmmakers understand what elements make horror films scary. However, they also wanted to be unique. Research on settings, technical codes, iconography, narrative structures, characters, themes, and audience feedback impacted decisions for their horror trailer. It was set in a creepy marsh at night with scary camerawork, lighting, props, and a plot involving a female victim, teacher villain, and hero who subverts typical character roles.
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The interviewee associates horror with common tropes like a stalking killer, dark colors, ominous music, and jump scares. They associate safety with being around other people and having access to communication. What scares them is unpredictable scenarios and anything that appears suddenly on screen. They associate danger with situations they cannot resolve, like being stuck somewhere without help, being stalked, threats, violence, or fire. Their knee-jerk reaction to being scared is usually to jump or get goosebumps if the tension is building slowly.
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The document discusses conventions and technical codes commonly used in horror genre films. Some key elements include isolated or abandoned settings that promote fear; the use of camera angles, handheld shots, sound, and editing to build tension and suspense; dark color palettes and lighting to create shadows and unfamiliar shapes; recognizable props associated with villains or characters; formulaic narratives that follow a "final girl" protagonist confronting a killer seeking revenge; and themes involving good versus evil, the supernatural, science experiments gone wrong, and questioning what is real.
Media Theory Direct
This document provides definitions and explanations of key concepts in media theory, including aberrant decoding, anime, auteur theory, Roland Barthes, Baudrillard, binary oppositions, codes and conventions, feminism, Freud and psychoanalysis, genre, the hypodermic syringe effect, ideology, institutions, intertextuality, Claude Levi-Strauss, Laura Mulvey and the male gaze, Marx, moral panics, media violence, narrative, CS Peirce, postmodernism, Vladimir Propp's narrative roles and functions theory, reading a text, realism, representation, semiotics, and uses and gratifications theory. It also provides discussion questions and suggestions for further research on some of these topics.
Meaning Theory Pro-Forma (1) (1) (1).pptx
The document discusses various film concepts including denotation and connotation of symbols, analyzing posters for films, analyzing film clips by discussing costumes and symbolism of colors, and defining linear and non-linear narratives. It also discusses stereotypes, iconography in different genres, and analyzing the editing techniques used to transform the tone of films.
Research - Conventions Of Horror
The document discusses conventions of the horror genre. Key conventions include isolated settings, technical elements like camera angles and lighting to create fear, and common character types like victims and monsters. It also outlines several horror subgenres like Gothic, slasher, psychological, and zombie. Theories discussed include genres providing a release from social rules (Altman) or escapism from social tensions (Dyer), while Stacy argues genres must be studied within their historical context.
1b) A2 Media - Genre Analysis
This document discusses genre in media such as music, film, and literature. It defines genre as a categorization based on common elements that allows studying of texts and audience responses. Examples of genres include jazz, classical, EDM, and documentaries. All genres have sub-genres that are more specific categories. Genre is a dynamic process that evolves over time, not a static system. Genre can be defined by elements such as costumes, props, locations, transportation, sounds, narratives, and characters. These elements are used to analyze genres like westerns featuring cowboys and deserts versus sci-fi featuring space suits and advanced technology. Ideology describes how genres construct meaning through codes and conventions.
Horror genre conventions
The document discusses conventions and technical codes commonly found in horror genre films. Some key elements mentioned include isolated or abandoned settings like forests, houses, or hospitals that connote fear; the use of camera angles, lighting, sounds, and editing to build suspense and tension; common props like weapons or masks; and character archetypes like the victim, villain, or police officers involved. Narrative structures frequently follow a formula where a killer returns to prey on immoral teenagers, with one survivor, and themes often deal with good versus evil, the supernatural, or madness.
Horror genre conventions
The document discusses conventions and technical codes commonly found in horror genre films. Some key elements mentioned include isolated or abandoned settings like forests, houses, or hospitals; the use of camera angles, lighting, and sound effects to build suspense and fear; common props like weapons or masks; and character archetypes like the victim, villain, or police officer. Narrative structures frequently involve a killer or monster pursuing teenagers or others, with themes exploring good versus evil, the supernatural, or science experiments gone wrong.
Horror genre conventions
The document discusses conventions and technical codes commonly found in horror genre films. Some key elements mentioned include isolated or abandoned settings like forests, houses, or hospitals that connote fear; the use of camera angles, lighting, sounds, and editing to build suspense and tension; common props like weapons or masks; and character archetypes like the victim, villain, or police officers involved. Narrative structures frequently follow a formula where a killer returns to prey on immoral teenagers, with one survivor, and themes often deal with good versus evil, the supernatural, or madness.
Horror genre conventions
The document discusses conventions and technical codes commonly found in horror genre films. Some key elements mentioned include isolated or abandoned settings like forests, houses, or hospitals; the use of camera angles, lighting, and sound effects to build suspense and fear; common props like weapons or masks; and character archetypes like the victim, villain, or police officer. Narrative structures frequently involve a killer or monster pursuing teenagers or others, with themes exploring good versus evil, the supernatural, or science experiments gone wrong.
Horror genre conventions
The document discusses conventions and technical codes commonly found in horror genre films. Some key elements mentioned include isolated or abandoned settings like forests, houses, or hospitals; the use of camera angles, lighting, and sound effects to build suspense and fear; common props like weapons or masks; and character archetypes like the victim, villain, or police officer. Narrative structures frequently involve a killer or monster pursuing teenagers or others, with themes exploring good versus evil, the supernatural, or science experiments gone wrong.
Horror genre conventions
The document discusses conventions and technical codes commonly found in horror genre films. Some key elements mentioned include isolated or abandoned settings like forests, houses, or hospitals that connote fear; the use of camera angles, lighting, sounds, and editing to build suspense and tension; common props like weapons or masks; and character archetypes like the victim, villain, or police officers involved. Narrative structures frequently follow a formula where a killer returns to prey on immoral teenagers, with one survivor, and themes often deal with good versus evil, the supernatural, or madness.
Representation
This document discusses media representations and stereotypes. It defines key concepts like stereotypes, archetypes, and countertypes. It explains that media institutions use stereotypes as visual shortcuts that become normalized through frequent repetition. Gatekeepers like media producers and moguls control the representations that audiences see. The document analyzes representations in images and advertisements and discusses theories around gender representation, subcultures, and myths. It prompts the reader to analyze representations in a film opening sequence using various frameworks.
Genre research.
This document discusses different genres and provides details about the horror genre. It outlines various types of horror genres including gothic horror, paranormal horror, and body horror. Key elements that make horror movies scary are discussed such as fear of death, the dark, creepy things, and spooky music. A brief history of the horror genre is given starting from early films in the 1890s to the Golden Age between the 1920s-1930s. Common codes and conventions used in horror films are described like camera angles, sound/music, subgenres, lighting, and settings.
Niamh horror slideshow
The document provides an overview of the highest grossing horror films of 2013. It summarizes the top 5 films, which include remakes of Carrie and Evil Dead, as well as original films like Mama, Insidious: Chapter 2, and the top grossing film The Conjuring. Each summary includes the film's plot, director, worldwide box office gross, and a link to the official trailer.
Media narrative codes update 2015
There are several important narrative theories and theorists that are useful to understand different types of narratives and how meaning is conveyed. Vladimir Propp and Tzvetan Todorov looked at common structural elements of narratives including equilibrium, disruption, quest, climax and resolution. Roland Barthes identified action and enigma codes that drive narratives. Allan Cameron defined modular narratives that manipulate time like anachrony, forking paths and episodic structures. Understanding these theories can help analyze and create strong narratives.
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Terminology
- 2. Typography • Typography is written language that is made appealable and legible. This is done by the arrangement of the text being laid out in an artistic and technical way. When looking at the elements of typography there are some things that should be looked out for; these include: • Font size Font Font Font Font • Colour contrast Colour Colour Colour Colour • Serif/ sans serif Serif Sans serif
- 3. Tag line • A tag line is a phrase that is memorable that appears within a film that is on the poster or advertising agent, the short amount of text is usually a slogan or catchphrase.
- 4. Technical codes • Technical codes are based round how the technical equipment is used within the media in order to tell a story. An example in horror films would be the element of lighting, within a horror film, it is conventional to have side and back lighting in order to create the “horror” atmosphere.
- 5. Iconography • Sources: • https://prezi.com/kbk5uaupwbry/revising-iconography-ocr-media-gcse/ • http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-iconography.html • Iconography is used within a piece of film, it is where different symbols are used in a genre that are ‘expected’ to come up. Iconography is how the audience associates the film with the different types of genres. Examples of iconography within films are things such as: • In a Science Fiction film there would be things such as Aliens. Other expected elements would be those like technical gadgets and sophisticated technology. The setting of the film would usually have some aspect of time travel or space combined into it. • On the other hand, within a Western, stereotypical features would be those such as a desert location with Cactuses (Cacti) and a clear blue sky. There would also be waves of heat in which ripple throughout a panning scene of the location. The ground would be dusty with deserted roads with maybe one or two cowboys riding horses along. The cowboys themselves would be wearing either a denim jacket, a leather jacket or a waistcoat, with the iconic boots and hats. They would also be carrying a gun and a lasso. • The genre that I am focusing on is the Horror genre. When looking at a Horror film, the iconography within it would be aspects such as; the location would be an abandoned house or some place in a secluded area that is hard to get to with not many people there (or with no one there). This could be a haunted house (Insidious), a cabin in the woods (The Evil dead) or a caravan in the middle of nowhere ( The Hills have eyes). • The lighting would be dim with lots of shadows to mislead the audience and give an uneasy feel, as most people have a slight fear of the dark. Although there are symbols within iconography, there are also known characters for example, in a Horror film, there will be the one person that survives, the murderer (or zombie/ghost, depending on which sub-genre of Horror you watch). There is also the representation, meaning that, usually in a Horror film, the dumb person dies first, the one who splits up from the group.
- 6. Claude Levi Strauss • Sources: http://www.englishbiz.co.uk/popups/opposition.htm • http://www.englishbiz.co.uk/extras/binaryopposition.htm • http://www.slideshare.net/Raj1992/claude-levi-strauss1 • Claud Levi Strauss was born on the 28th November 1908 and died on the 30th October 2009. He was a well-known anthropologist (the study of human kind, either cultural and societal). • Strauss and Roland Barthes came up with the theory called the Theory of Binary opposites. This theory was “ the way we understand things is not by their meaning but the difference between the word and its opposite”. “They are a symbol for society’s ideas, we see the relationship between them rather than a fixed thing”. An example of this would be strong and weak. Strong is the binary opposite of weak, we know in our society the difference rather than the individual aspect. As a society we value one side over the other, in this example, we value strong over weak. Strong is dominant over weak. Binary opposites help “the norms in our society”. • Some examples of binary opposite are: • Good – Evil • Black – White • Peace – War • Man – Woman • Strong – Weak • Young - Old
- 7. Ronald Barthes • Sources: • http://www.slideshare.net/simsimma/narrative-theorys-6971715 • http://www.slideshare.net/leannacatherina/kirstie-and-lauren-narrative-7844927 • http://www.academia.edu/3993888/Narrative_Theories • Ronald Gerard Barthes was born on 12th November 1915. He came up with five codes. • Action code (Proairetic) • Something that does not need explaining to the audience. The action is not mysterious and does not create questions from the viewers. An example would be; an old man sits in a chair. • Semantic code • Connotations that the audience can recognise and gain a deeper meaning of (denotive narrative). • Symbolic code • Adds to Semantic code by creating a deeper meaning to the simplistic narrative shots; could be more abstract. • • Cultural code (Referential code) • Refers within a scene to religious and historical knowledge. A narrative that is devised so that the audience can associate it with being apart of a culture. • Enigma code (Hermeneutic code) • A part of the narrative that is not fully explained. Something can be kept from the audience making the ask questions.