Teleological theory
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Utilitarianism concept explained by example of Lockheed
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Teleological theory
- 2. Presented By : Shahrukh Usmani Nabeel Shahid Maaz Ali
- 3. Definition of utilitarianism Example of Lockheed Aircraft Corporation Two theories Classical utilitarianism
- 4. Forms of utilitarianism Act and Rule utilitarianism Cost benefit analysis Conclusion
- 5. An ethical philosophy Moral theories can be divided into two parts Teleological theories Rightness of actions is determined by consequences
- 6. Deontological theories Rightness of action is judged by morality of action The most prominent example of teleological and deontological theory is utilitarianism
- 9. Carl Kotchian President of Lockheed Trip to Japan August 1972 Lockheed failure and poor financial condition Survival of Lockheed
- 10. Negotiation with All Nippon Airways (ANA) Meeting with Prime Minister of Japan Kakuei Tanaka Benefit for Lockheed Meeting of Prime Minister with President Richard Nixon in Hawaii
- 11. Answer of Toshiharu Okubo Demand for pledge of five hundred million yen about ($1.6 million) Hesitation of Kotchian Failure of Lockheed depends on Kotchian decision
- 12. Negotiations lasted for 2 months Result of negotiation Executives of ANA agreed to purchase planes from Lockheed ANA placed order for six planes and agreed to purchase eight more later
- 14. Lockheed payments in Japan High Japanese government Officials Clear everything
- 16. Moral Reasoning Circumstances in which doing wrong is actually right Needs only to determine the consequences
- 17. Consequences can be non teleological in character Role obligations are often non teleological Rights and justice seems to be non teleological
- 19. Word Deontological derives from deon the Greek word for duty Golden Rule Example
- 20. There are seven rules of deontological theory In Ross system Duties of fidelity Duties of reparation Duties of gratitude
- 21. Duties of justice Duties of beneficence Duties of self improvement Duties of non maleficence
- 22. Not a plausible solution No order of priority Undefined distinctions
- 25. The creators of classical utilitarianism were Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill Ivory tower philosophy As a practical guide in English
- 27. Jeremy Bentham was a British Political philosopher Philosophy of law, ethics, economics Social reformer He is regarded as the founder of modern utilitarianism
- 28. Believes on pleasure of people Consequences should be seen before making decisions Hedonistic calculus Objection of critics and pig philosphy
- 30. John Stuart Mill was a British philosopher He was an influential contributor to social theory, political theory and political economy Greatest Happiness Principle John Stuart Mill improvised Bentham's theory
- 32. Four basic forms of utilitarianism Consequentialism Hedonism Maximalism Universalism
- 34. RULE UTILITARIANISM ACT UTILITARIANISM:
- 36. Different consequences Applying Act-Utilitarianism: the case goes in the favour of Carl Kotchian Applying Rule-Utilitarianism: the case goes against the Carl Kotchian
- 38. Jeremy Bentham and his hedonistic calculus Economic point of view Advantages Used for making major investment decisions
- 39. Cost effectiveness analysis Assigning monetary value Trade off Should all things be assigned a monetry value?
- 41. Powerful and widely accepted ethical theory This theory justifies obligations of individuals and corporations Decision making
Editor's Notes
- Do unto others as you would have them do unto you The actions of lockheed in japan were wrong, not because of their consiquences but because they had a duty not to bribe.
- The undefined distinctions include the confusion between the actual and the prima faci obligations .e.g if we lie to save a person life by breaking a promise , one can get confused as breaking a promise and lying both are against the morals but on theother hand to let some one die is something morally un acceptable so the conflict is between what to do and what not to do, what to consider actual and what to consider prima faci obligations..
- The belief that accept as the foundation of moral and utility, in other words he gave the greatest hapiness principle. According to john staurt if the end result of the actions resulted into hapiness then the belief or action is corrent. If it reults in unhapiness thn it is nt acceptable. It is better to b a human being dissatisfied rather than a pig satisfied.he argued against the pig philosophy of bentham by saying that the idea of pleasure is different for disfferent organisms. You cannot compare human with pig. Humans have disserent standard that cannot be compared with animals. The quality of hapineesss maters.
- Utilitarianism theory was revised as it receibved several obbjections for exp it was said that its ok to lie if the results are beneficial. The major objection to the theory was that individuals never calculate the consiquences of specific action in order to decide whether they have to do this or not.most of the time they follow the morality rules. For example in case they have to tel a certain thing they will choose the truth rather than ato tell a liae. Morality rules is generally sufficient. So this revised of theory is known as rule utilitarianism and principle of utility is called act utilitar.
- According to act utiliti carl kochian did the right thing by spending 12 million in japan to secure the sale of 21 tri star air craft to all nippon airways. There was benefit to lackheed workers their families ,communities ,lockheed shareholders and american public.than the harm done to japanese society consumers of ANA and lockheed competirors and others.As lockheed said,that we don’t make the rules and if u dnt go along with the game as it is played we only hurt ourselves and accomplish nothng. But according to the rule utilitarianism he has broken the rule by bribing the japanese, as bribery has harmful consequences results in higher prices and reduce quality, there fore bribery is properly regarded as morally wrong by rule utilitarianism. Lockheed could have taken small steps to work with others in rder to remove corruption which he has openly promoted.
- Act utilitarianism works best for relatively straight forward decision while rule utilitarianism has wider acceptance and benefits because it not only supports the hapines and pleasure balance over pain but gives prime importance to the moral rules.