13. According to Impact
Evolutionary
Source: C.M..Christensen
An innovation that improves a product in
an existing market in ways that customers
are expecting.
14. According to Impact
Evolutionary
Source: C.M..Christensen
An innovation that improves a product in
an existing market in ways that customers
are expecting.
25. According to Impact
Disruptive
Source: C.M..Christensen
An innovation that creates a new market by
applying a different set of values, which
ultimately (and unexpectedly) overtakes an
existing market.
26. According to Impact
Disruptive
Source: C.M..Christensen
An innovation that creates a new market by
applying a different set of values, which
ultimately (and unexpectedly) overtakes an
existing market.
34. Elements of Diffusion
Innovation
Adopters
Communication Channels
Time
Source: E.M.Rogers
35. Elements of Diffusion
Innovation
Adopters
Communication Channels
Time
Social System
Source: E.M.Rogers
36. Elements of Diffusion
Adopters
Communication Channels
Time
Social System
Source: E.M.Rogers
37. Elements of Diffusion
Any idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of
adoption could be considered an innovation (product, process, business model etc.)
Adopters
Communication Channels
Time
Social System
Source: E.M.Rogers
38. Elements of Diffusion
Any idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of
adoption could be considered an innovation (product, process, business model etc.)
Communication Channels
Time
Social System
Source: E.M.Rogers
39. Elements of Diffusion
Any idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of
adoption could be considered an innovation (product, process, business model etc.)
Minimal unit of analysis. Adopters can be individuals, but can also be organizations
(businesses, schools, hospitals, etc.), clusters within social networks, or countries
Communication Channels
Time
Social System
Source: E.M.Rogers
40. Elements of Diffusion
Any idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of
adoption could be considered an innovation (product, process, business model etc.)
Minimal unit of analysis. Adopters can be individuals, but can also be organizations
(businesses, schools, hospitals, etc.), clusters within social networks, or countries
Time
Social System
Source: E.M.Rogers
41. Elements of Diffusion
Any idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of
adoption could be considered an innovation (product, process, business model etc.)
Minimal unit of analysis. Adopters can be individuals, but can also be organizations
(businesses, schools, hospitals, etc.), clusters within social networks, or countries
Communication channels allow the transfer of information from one unit to the other.
Communication patterns or capabilities must be established between parties as a minimum
for diffusion to occur.
Time
Social System
Source: E.M.Rogers
42. Elements of Diffusion
Any idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of
adoption could be considered an innovation (product, process, business model etc.)
Minimal unit of analysis. Adopters can be individuals, but can also be organizations
(businesses, schools, hospitals, etc.), clusters within social networks, or countries
Communication channels allow the transfer of information from one unit to the other.
Communication patterns or capabilities must be established between parties as a minimum
for diffusion to occur.
Social System
Source: E.M.Rogers
43. Elements of Diffusion
Any idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of
adoption could be considered an innovation (product, process, business model etc.)
Minimal unit of analysis. Adopters can be individuals, but can also be organizations
(businesses, schools, hospitals, etc.), clusters within social networks, or countries
Communication channels allow the transfer of information from one unit to the other.
Communication patterns or capabilities must be established between parties as a minimum
for diffusion to occur.
Time is necessary for innovations to be adopted; rarely adopted instantaneously.
Social System
Source: E.M.Rogers
44. Elements of Diffusion
Any idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of
adoption could be considered an innovation (product, process, business model etc.)
Minimal unit of analysis. Adopters can be individuals, but can also be organizations
(businesses, schools, hospitals, etc.), clusters within social networks, or countries
Communication channels allow the transfer of information from one unit to the other.
Communication patterns or capabilities must be established between parties as a minimum
for diffusion to occur.
Time is necessary for innovations to be adopted; rarely adopted instantaneously.
Source: E.M.Rogers
45. Elements of Diffusion
Source: E.M.Rogers
Any idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of
adoption could be considered an innovation (product, process, business model etc.)
Minimal unit of analysis. Adopters can be individuals, but can also be organizations
(businesses, schools, hospitals, etc.), clusters within social networks, or countries
Communication channels allow the transfer of information from one unit to the other.
Communication patterns or capabilities must be established between parties as a minimum
for diffusion to occur.
Time is necessary for innovations to be adopted; rarely adopted instantaneously.
Combination of external influences (mass media, organizational or governmental mandates)
and internal influences (social relationships, social networks, opinion leaders, influencers).
46. Process of Diffusion
Source: E.M.Rogers
Diffusion occurs through a five–step decision-making process:
47. Process of Diffusion
Diffusion occurs through a five–step decision-making process:
Knowledge
Source: E.M.Rogers
48. Process of Diffusion
Diffusion occurs through a five–step decision-making process:
Knowledge
Persuasion
Source: E.M.Rogers
49. Process of Diffusion
Diffusion occurs through a five–step decision-making process:
Knowledge
Persuasion
Decision
Source: E.M.Rogers
50. Process of Diffusion
Diffusion occurs through a five–step decision-making process:
Knowledge
Persuasion
Decision
Implementation
Source: E.M.Rogers
51. Process of Diffusion
Diffusion occurs through a five–step decision-making process:
Knowledge
Persuasion
Decision
Implementation
Confirmation
Source: E.M.Rogers
52. Process of Diffusion
Diffusion occurs through a five–step decision-making process:
Persuasion
Decision
Implementation
Confirmation
Source: E.M.Rogers
53. Process of Diffusion
Diffusion occurs through a five–step decision-making process:
The individual is first exposed to an innovation, but lacks information about it. In this stage
the individual has not yet been inspired to find out more information about the innovation.
Persuasion
Decision
Implementation
Confirmation
Source: E.M.Rogers
54. Process of Diffusion
Diffusion occurs through a five–step decision-making process:
The individual is first exposed to an innovation, but lacks information about it. In this stage
the individual has not yet been inspired to find out more information about the innovation.
Decision
Implementation
Confirmation
Source: E.M.Rogers
55. Process of Diffusion
Diffusion occurs through a five–step decision-making process:
The individual is first exposed to an innovation, but lacks information about it. In this stage
the individual has not yet been inspired to find out more information about the innovation.
The individual is interested in the innovation and actively seeks related information/details.
Decision
Implementation
Confirmation
Source: E.M.Rogers
56. Process of Diffusion
Diffusion occurs through a five–step decision-making process:
The individual is first exposed to an innovation, but lacks information about it. In this stage
the individual has not yet been inspired to find out more information about the innovation.
The individual is interested in the innovation and actively seeks related information/details.
Implementation
Confirmation
Source: E.M.Rogers
57. Process of Diffusion
Diffusion occurs through a five–step decision-making process:
The individual is first exposed to an innovation, but lacks information about it. In this stage
the individual has not yet been inspired to find out more information about the innovation.
The individual is interested in the innovation and actively seeks related information/details.
Individual takes the concept of the change and weighs the advantages/disadvantages of
using the innovation & decides whether to adopt or reject the innovation. Stage has
individualistic nature, hence the most difficult stage on which to acquire empirical evidence.
Implementation
Confirmation
Source: E.M.Rogers
58. Process of Diffusion
Diffusion occurs through a five–step decision-making process:
The individual is first exposed to an innovation, but lacks information about it. In this stage
the individual has not yet been inspired to find out more information about the innovation.
The individual is interested in the innovation and actively seeks related information/details.
Individual takes the concept of the change and weighs the advantages/disadvantages of
using the innovation & decides whether to adopt or reject the innovation. Stage has
individualistic nature, hence the most difficult stage on which to acquire empirical evidence.
Confirmation
Source: E.M.Rogers
59. Process of Diffusion
Diffusion occurs through a five–step decision-making process:
The individual is first exposed to an innovation, but lacks information about it. In this stage
the individual has not yet been inspired to find out more information about the innovation.
The individual is interested in the innovation and actively seeks related information/details.
Individual takes the concept of the change and weighs the advantages/disadvantages of
using the innovation & decides whether to adopt or reject the innovation. Stage has
individualistic nature, hence the most difficult stage on which to acquire empirical evidence.
Individual employs the innovation to a varying degree depending on the situation.
Determines the usefulness of the innovation and may search for further information about it.
Confirmation
Source: E.M.Rogers
60. Process of Diffusion
Source: E.M.Rogers
Diffusion occurs through a five–step decision-making process:
The individual is first exposed to an innovation, but lacks information about it. In this stage
the individual has not yet been inspired to find out more information about the innovation.
The individual is interested in the innovation and actively seeks related information/details.
Individual takes the concept of the change and weighs the advantages/disadvantages of
using the innovation & decides whether to adopt or reject the innovation. Stage has
individualistic nature, hence the most difficult stage on which to acquire empirical evidence.
Individual employs the innovation to a varying degree depending on the situation.
Determines the usefulness of the innovation and may search for further information about it.
61. Process of Diffusion
Source: E.M.Rogers
Diffusion occurs through a five–step decision-making process:
The individual is first exposed to an innovation, but lacks information about it. In this stage
the individual has not yet been inspired to find out more information about the innovation.
The individual is interested in the innovation and actively seeks related information/details.
Individual takes the concept of the change and weighs the advantages/disadvantages of
using the innovation & decides whether to adopt or reject the innovation. Stage has
individualistic nature, hence the most difficult stage on which to acquire empirical evidence.
Individual employs the innovation to a varying degree depending on the situation.
Determines the usefulness of the innovation and may search for further information about it.
Individual finalizes his decision to continue using the innovation. This stage is both
intrapersonal and interpersonal, confirmation the group has made the right decision.
69. Adopter Categories
Early Adopters
Early Majority
Late Majority
Laggards
Leapfroggers
Source: E.M.Rogers
70. Adopter Categories
Willing to take risks, have high social status, have financial liquidity, are social and have
closest contact to scientific sources and interaction with other innovators. Risk tolerant.
Early Adopters
Early Majority
Late Majority
Laggards
Leapfroggers
Source: E.M.Rogers
71. Adopter Categories
Willing to take risks, have high social status, have financial liquidity, are social and have
closest contact to scientific sources and interaction with other innovators. Risk tolerant.
Early Majority
Late Majority
Laggards
Leapfroggers
Source: E.M.Rogers
72. Adopter Categories
Willing to take risks, have high social status, have financial liquidity, are social and have
closest contact to scientific sources and interaction with other innovators. Risk tolerant.
Have highest degree of opinion leadership among the adopter categories. Have a higher
social status, financial liquidity, advanced education and are more socially forward than late
adopters. More discreet in adoption choices than innovators.
Early Majority
Late Majority
Laggards
Leapfroggers
Source: E.M.Rogers
73. Adopter Categories
Willing to take risks, have high social status, have financial liquidity, are social and have
closest contact to scientific sources and interaction with other innovators. Risk tolerant.
Have highest degree of opinion leadership among the adopter categories. Have a higher
social status, financial liquidity, advanced education and are more socially forward than late
adopters. More discreet in adoption choices than innovators.
Late Majority
Laggards
Leapfroggers
Source: E.M.Rogers
74. Adopter Categories
Willing to take risks, have high social status, have financial liquidity, are social and have
closest contact to scientific sources and interaction with other innovators. Risk tolerant.
Have highest degree of opinion leadership among the adopter categories. Have a higher
social status, financial liquidity, advanced education and are more socially forward than late
adopters. More discreet in adoption choices than innovators.
Adopt innovation after a varying degree of time that is significantly longer than the innovators
and early adopters. Above average social status, contact with early adopters and seldom
hold some opinion leadership.
Late Majority
Laggards
Leapfroggers
Source: E.M.Rogers
75. Adopter Categories
Willing to take risks, have high social status, have financial liquidity, are social and have
closest contact to scientific sources and interaction with other innovators. Risk tolerant.
Have highest degree of opinion leadership among the adopter categories. Have a higher
social status, financial liquidity, advanced education and are more socially forward than late
adopters. More discreet in adoption choices than innovators.
Adopt innovation after a varying degree of time that is significantly longer than the innovators
and early adopters. Above average social status, contact with early adopters and seldom
hold some opinion leadership.
Laggards
Leapfroggers
Source: E.M.Rogers
76. Adopter Categories
Willing to take risks, have high social status, have financial liquidity, are social and have
closest contact to scientific sources and interaction with other innovators. Risk tolerant.
Have highest degree of opinion leadership among the adopter categories. Have a higher
social status, financial liquidity, advanced education and are more socially forward than late
adopters. More discreet in adoption choices than innovators.
Adopt innovation after a varying degree of time that is significantly longer than the innovators
and early adopters. Above average social status, contact with early adopters and seldom
hold some opinion leadership.
Adopt innovation after the average participant. High degree of skepticism and after the
majority of society has adopted the innovation. Typically skeptical about an innovation, have
below average social status, little financial liquidity, little opinion leadership.
Laggards
Leapfroggers
Source: E.M.Rogers
77. Adopter Categories
Willing to take risks, have high social status, have financial liquidity, are social and have
closest contact to scientific sources and interaction with other innovators. Risk tolerant.
Have highest degree of opinion leadership among the adopter categories. Have a higher
social status, financial liquidity, advanced education and are more socially forward than late
adopters. More discreet in adoption choices than innovators.
Adopt innovation after a varying degree of time that is significantly longer than the innovators
and early adopters. Above average social status, contact with early adopters and seldom
hold some opinion leadership.
Adopt innovation after the average participant. High degree of skepticism and after the
majority of society has adopted the innovation. Typically skeptical about an innovation, have
below average social status, little financial liquidity, little opinion leadership.
Leapfroggers
Source: E.M.Rogers
78. Adopter Categories
Willing to take risks, have high social status, have financial liquidity, are social and have
closest contact to scientific sources and interaction with other innovators. Risk tolerant.
Have highest degree of opinion leadership among the adopter categories. Have a higher
social status, financial liquidity, advanced education and are more socially forward than late
adopters. More discreet in adoption choices than innovators.
Adopt innovation after a varying degree of time that is significantly longer than the innovators
and early adopters. Above average social status, contact with early adopters and seldom
hold some opinion leadership.
Adopt innovation after the average participant. High degree of skepticism and after the
majority of society has adopted the innovation. Typically skeptical about an innovation, have
below average social status, little financial liquidity, little opinion leadership.
Show little to no opinion leadership. Typically have an aversion to change-agents, tend to be
focused on "traditions", lowest social status, lowest financial liquidity, oldest among
adopters.
Leapfroggers
Source: E.M.Rogers
79. Adopter Categories
Source: E.M.Rogers
Willing to take risks, have high social status, have financial liquidity, are social and have
closest contact to scientific sources and interaction with other innovators. Risk tolerant.
Have highest degree of opinion leadership among the adopter categories. Have a higher
social status, financial liquidity, advanced education and are more socially forward than late
adopters. More discreet in adoption choices than innovators.
Adopt innovation after a varying degree of time that is significantly longer than the innovators
and early adopters. Above average social status, contact with early adopters and seldom
hold some opinion leadership.
Adopt innovation after the average participant. High degree of skepticism and after the
majority of society has adopted the innovation. Typically skeptical about an innovation, have
below average social status, little financial liquidity, little opinion leadership.
Show little to no opinion leadership. Typically have an aversion to change-agents, tend to be
focused on "traditions", lowest social status, lowest financial liquidity, oldest among
adopters.
80. Adopter Categories
Willing to take risks, have high social status, have financial liquidity, are social and have
closest contact to scientific sources and interaction with other innovators. Risk tolerant.
Have highest degree of opinion leadership among the adopter categories. Have a higher
social status, financial liquidity, advanced education and are more socially forward than late
adopters. More discreet in adoption choices than innovators.
Adopt innovation after a varying degree of time that is significantly longer than the innovators
and early adopters. Above average social status, contact with early adopters and seldom
hold some opinion leadership.
Adopt innovation after the average participant. High degree of skepticism and after the
majority of society has adopted the innovation. Typically skeptical about an innovation, have
below average social status, little financial liquidity, little opinion leadership.
Show little to no opinion leadership. Typically have an aversion to change-agents, tend to be
focused on "traditions", lowest social status, lowest financial liquidity, oldest among
adopters.
They often skip several generations in order to reach the most recent technologies.
Source: E.M.Rogers