2. 0 Introduction to Vaccine : VIDEO
0 International Project Description
0 Global Factor: Technology
0 Selected Countries
0 Analysis of Technology : Examples and Visuals
0 Conclusion
0Q&A
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4. 0 The World Health Organization
is conducting an analysis of
technology as a global factor to
launch a global measles
vaccination program in three
different international scenarios.
0 The objective of the analysis is to
evaluate how technology can
affect this specific international
project.
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5. Why Vaccination Projects?
0 Save more than 3,000,000 lives per
year.
0 Can protect millions of people in the
poorest countries.
“Effective Immunization project are
only accomplished through
science, trained human resources and
technology.”
(Reynoso & Quiñones, 2012)
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6. Right Trained
Service
Logistics Health
Delivery Temperature
Worker
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7.
8. Communication
Project
Management Supply Chain
Human
Resources Finance
Research &
Development
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9. Country Global Competitiveness Index
(139)
Switzerland 1
Brazil 58
Haiti Not listed in 2011
141/142 in 2010
Source: World Economic Forum
http://reports.weforum.org/global-information-technology-2011/
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10. R & D Investment Researchers
Innovation
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11.
12. Communication Supply Chain
Project
Management
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13. 0 Internet availability.
0 Internet speed.
0 Telecommunication networks.
0 Accessibility to
Computers, cellphones and
other technological devices.
0 Interpreters
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14. One of the leaders in computer
applications.
Switzerland Strong growth in wireless broadband
Information Communications
Technology (ICT) is one of the most
important sectors of the
Swiss economy.
3G system
Some regions have lack even basic
Brazil analogue land line phones
Limited availability of high-speed
internet
Radio still remains the primary
information medium for most
Haiti Haitians
Global Factor telephone communication
Poor
Analysis, International
Introduction of 3G services
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15. 0 Transportation
0 Package
0 Temperature
0 Distribution
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16. High level equipment
Switzerland Rail Transportation
Busy airports
Lack of development of the national
rail network
Brazil Limited access to some areas
Air transportation is highly developed
All major transportation are located
closed to the capital, Port-au-Prince
Haiti Lack of required equipment
Requires a more complicated logistics
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17. 0 Todays projects
approvals are done via
email.
0 Documentations are
stored electronically
0 Information is gathered
quickly through search
engines
0 Accessibility to
communicate
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18. Good communication facilities
Good transportation
Switzerland High speed Internet
High technology level
Medium transportation quality
Acceptable telecommunication
Brazil systems
Some communication problems
depending on the region
Low speed Internet
Haiti Bad telephone services
Limited transportation services
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19. Human Government
Resources
Finance
Research and
Development
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20. -High educated resources.
-High literacy rate = 99.0/100
Switzerland -Technical training system for immunization.
-More volunteers needed.
-Effective vaccination campaign in the different regions of
brazil.
-Lack of documentation: Persons were vaccinated regardless of
Brazil previous vaccination or history of rubella.
-Technical training system for immunization.
-Poor education system and lack of awareness of immunization
program.
Haiti -Literacy rate is very low = 62.1/100. Haitian professionals
leave Haiti.
-Lack of Volunteers and lack of technology transfer.
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21. Switzerland -Battery-Free Solar
refrigerators use in health
centers and clinics.
Cooled carts use to delivery
vaccine.
Optical sensors in
disposable bioreactor
Brazil -Nine thousands new PhDs
each year.
-Biotechnology advances for
vaccines.
Haiti -Poor Research and
Development.
-Current situation after the
earthquake.
-Government concentrate
efforts in the outbreak of
Cholera.
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22. Switzerland -Effective Swiss health system.
-Decentralized power.
-Lack of mandatory immunization system.
-Immunization financing system
Brazil -Political stable, economic growth development.
Financial support to health systems and doctors.
-Immunization financing system
Haiti -Political instability lack of resources.
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23. “Effective Immunization
project are only accomplished
through science, trained
human resources and
technology.”
(Reynoso & Quiñones, 2012)
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Video Link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D9ZoPLngMY8 Saara: Will explain the idea of the video and why was selected for our presentation.
Isis:WHO is the directing and coordinating authority for health within the United Nations system. It is responsible for providing leadership on global health matters, shaping the health research agenda, setting norms and standards, articulating evidence-based policy options, providing technical support to countries and monitoring and assessing health trends.
IsisOver the past decade, the world has invested enormous resources and energy into the development of new and lifesaving vaccines. Current vaccination programmes save more than three million lives per year, and new vaccines that focus on diseases affecting people in the world’s poorest countries can protect millions moreImmunization is considered to be one of the greatest health interventions to prevent infectious diseases. According to World Health Organization (WHO)/United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) estimates, global immunization coverage of children is at least 80% for the six Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) vaccines, against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio, measles and tuberculosis. However, there are huge inequalities in access to newer vaccines. Source:http://www.who.int/phi/publications/Increasing_Access_to_Vaccines_Through_Technology_Transfer.pdfSource: http://www.who.int/immunization_delivery/optimize/en/index.html
Isis:The main components of a well functioning immunization system include: service delivery; capacity to maintain vaccines at the right temperature (cold chain) and distribute them through the system in a timely manner (logistics); monitoring and surveillance; trained health workers; and programme planning and management.
Saara: Presenting the framework we develop to address the presentation
Saara: Framework for Technology and Immunization Projects
SaaraA recent study by Martin Prosperity Institute reveals a Global Technology Index. For the complete study see: http://martinprosperity.org/media/GCI%20Report%20Sep%202011.pdf We use three variables for technology: R&D investment, research, and innovation.
SaaraWe have use three variables to determine technology in a country: According to Martin Prosperity studySource: http://martinprosperity.org/media/GCI%20Report%20Sep%202011.pdf
Saara
The advancement of technology has had an enormous impact on the world. Communication technology in particular has drastically changed the way society operates. With new advances in communication being developed constantly, people are becoming more and more reliant on the benefits they provide. Communication technology has become significantly important in the realms of education, business, politics, interpersonal interactions and crisis responses.http://www.ehow.com/about_6510271_importance-communication-technology.html#page=0
Switzerland possesses a high level technology. It is one of the leading countries in computer applications. Most of these application are based on Information Technology (IT).http://www.science-engineering.net/europe/info-tech-switzerland.htmSwitzerland had one of the highest Internet and broadband penetration rates in Europe. Broadband replaced telephone communications as the main growth area, and DSL networks have overtaken cable as the principal technology for broadband access. “Brazilhas both modern technologies in the center-south portion, counting with 3G HSDPA, VDSL2+, Digital TV. Other areas of the country, particularly the north and north-west regions, lack even basic analogue land line phones. This is a problem that the government is trying to solve by linking the liberation of new technologies (such as WiMax or PLC) only tied with compromises on extension of the service to less populated regions.”http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_BrazilAfter the earthquake, Haiti is experiencing a worst telecommunication system, even though is almost impossible to communicate via telephone, Claro (a Mexican Telecommunication company) is implementing new networks to enhance the internet speed in the country.
Nowadays, Vaccinesare often packaged in 1- and 2-dose vials to minimize wastage. In some cases, vaccines are also integrated or bundled with syringes or other delivery devices, such as nasal sprays or oral droppers to ensure proper delivery of the dose. As a result, new vaccines are much bulkier, requiring upwards of 500 times the amount of physical space in cold storage. http://www.who.int/immunization_delivery/systems_policy/Optimize_urgency_EN_2009.pdf
Switzerland: This country possesses high level equipment to transport the vaccines and its required tools. Also, it has a vast rail transportation which allows access to the all regions of the country. Although it is a small country its airports are usually too busy, mainly the international ones.Brazil: They have rail network, but it is still poor and do not provide access to all regions. The air transportation is high developed. Haiti: As one of the poorest countries in the world, it has lack of its transportation systems, hence the equipment to transport the vaccines will be limited and it will have to be import from other country.
Isis
http://www.path.org/projects/project-optimize.phpSwitzerland:http://digitalcollections.sit.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1691&context=isp_collectionThe Swiss economy is not built on mass production, but on high-quality work and well-trained workers.Brazil:http://www.paho.org/english/ad/fch/im/sne3102.pdf
Switzerland:Over 2.9 % of the gross national product was spent on research in 2004. The bulk of the finance - more than two thirds - was accounted for by the private sector. Only Israel, Sweden, Finland, Japan and South Korea are doing better in this regardSource:http://www.swissworld.org/en/economy/the_swiss_economy/research_and_development/Brazil:In the specific field of biotechnology, Brazil has accrued a respectable know-how in the course of the 20th century. The country has developed world-class expertise and a strong technical position in a number of crucial enabling technologies such as stem cell research, genomic studies, plant biotechnology and vaccines. Source: http://www.techvision.com/bpl/pdf/Biotechnologies%20in%20Brazil.pdf
• Establishing local vaccine manufacturing is not necessarily cost effective. • There is a changing dynamic in vaccine technology transfer, with joint ventures, acquisitions and establishment by multinational manufacturers of subsidiaries in developing countries. • The biggest barrier to vaccine technology transfer, perceived by both the technology recipients and donors, is lack of R&D capacity in developing countries. Failure by manufacturers to invest in R&D, and failure by governments to create an enabling local environment of research infrastructure, will make technology transfer less likely to succeed.• For technology transfer to be attractive and successful a win–win condition is required, which is facilitated by a commitment from the government to support the technology transfer or a large local or regional market.Source:http://www.who.int/phi/publications/Increasing_Access_to_Vaccines_Through_Technology_Transfer.pdf
