The document discusses the passive voice in English grammar. There are two types of passive voice: active and passive. To change a sentence from active to passive voice, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence, a form of the verb "to be" is used along with the past participle of the main verb, and the original subject becomes an optional prepositional phrase introduced with "by". Several examples are provided to illustrate how to transform sentences between active and passive voice.

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A voice is a sentence which shows how actions are
done.
There are two types of voice.

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Some importance rules and examples of
voice
Step 1: Object into subject
{the object of the active voice becomes the subject of the passive voice}
Step 2: Be verbs + Past particle {V3}
Note: Be verb = is/am/are/was/were/be/been/being
Step 3: Subject into object
{the subject of the active voice becomes the object of the passive voice}
Examples:
Active: Gita cleans the room.
Passive: The room is cleaned by Gita. Continue …

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The passive without ‘by’
Be verb + known/obliged/married + to + agent
Be verb + pleased/displeased/satisfied/covered + with + agent
Be verb + astonished/shocked/surprised/frightened + at + agent
Be verb + interested + in + agent
Examples:
Active: The boy knows me well.
Passive: I am well known to the boy.
Active: Raj has pleased the principal.
Passive: The principal has been pleased with Raj.
Active: His behaviors surprised me.
Passive: I was surprised at your behaviors.
Active: Any novels interest me greatly.
Passive: I am greatly interested in any novels.

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The passive without agent
Vague Agents: Anybody/ somebody/ everybody/ someone/
anyone/something/ anything/ nothing/ everything/One
Implicit Agents: People/Farmers/Doctors/teachers/We/They, etc.
Examples:
Active: Somebody has stolen my pen.
Passive: My pen has been stolen.
Active: Teachers teach us at school.
Passive: We are taught at school.
Active: People speak English all over the world.
Passive: English is spoken all over the world.
Continue …

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The passive with Adverbs of Manner
A manner adverb is placed before main verb [V3] in the passive voice:
Examples:
Active: Ramesh beat her badly.
Passive: She was badly beaten by Ramesh.
Active: I did my duty well.
Passive: My duty was well done.
The voice with double object
[Indirect Object = Person Direct Object =
Thing] Continue …

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a. Anyone of the objects can be the subject in the
passive
b. If Direct Object is used as the subject, indirect object
is placed after verb [V3] + to/for
c. Some verbs that take two objects:
Ask/tell/lend/give/send/order/answer/teach/call etc.
Examples:
Active: I asked him a question.
Passive: He was asked a question. OR
A question was asked to him.
Active: She bought me a watch.
Passive: A watch was bought to me. OR
I was bought a watch by her.

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The passive Phrasal Verbs
Generally the phrasal verbs is not broken while changing into passive
Examples:
Active: Nobody looked after him.
Passive: He was not looked after.
Active: Rohit has written to Binod.
Passive: Binod has been written to by Rohit.
Active: Nobody has slept in this room for years.
Passive: This room hasn’t been slept in for years.

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The passive with ‘like’, ‘hate’ …
Examples:
Active: She does not laugh people laughing at her.
Passive: She does not like being laugh at her.
Active: I like people helping me.
Passive: I like being helped.
Active: He hates people calling him by his first name.
Passive: He hates being called by his first name.

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The passive of ‘think’, ‘say’, ‘believe’ …
Sometimes the verbs like ‘think’, ‘say’, ‘believe’, ‘know’, ‘find’,
‘understand’, ‘claim’, ‘assume’, … etc. are followed by ‘that clause’. In
the situation, the passive can be formed differently.
Examples:
Active: People say that he is a criminal.
Passive 1: It is said that he is a criminal.
2: He is said to be a criminal.
Active: They believe that he has killed her.
Passive 1: It is believed that he has killed her.
2: He is believed to have killed her.
‘Sub. of that clause’ + is/am/are + ‘V3 of the main verb’ + to …

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The passive of ‘think’, ‘say’, ‘believe’ …
‘Sub. of that clause’ + is/am/are + ‘V3 of the main verb’ + to …
Active: They hope that he will be a criminal.
Passive 2: He is hoped to be a criminal.
Active: They hope that he will be working there.
Passive 2: He is hoped to be working there.
Active: They hope that he is working there.
Passive 2: He is hoped to be working there.
Active: They hope that he has done it.
Passive 2: He is hoped to have done it.
Active: They expect that he did it.
Passive 2: He is expected to have done it.
Active: They expect that he was doing it.
Passive 2: He is expected to have been doing it.
A: They say that he has been working there.
P 2: He is said to have been working there.

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‘make’, and ‘help’ passive
Examples:
Active: He made her clean the house.
Passive: She was made to clean the house by him.
Active: She helped me to write a letter.
Passive: I was helped to write a letter by her.
‘let’, passive
Active: The boss let us leave early.
Passive: We were allowed to leave early.

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Passive of ‘to-infinitives’ verbs
Active: I want John to lift this bag.
Passive: I want this bag to be lifted by John.
‘start’, with to-infinitive structure passive
Active: They started to learn English five years ago.
Passive: English started to be learnt five years ago.

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Passive of ‘gerunds’
Active: I love somebody helping me.
Passive: I love being helped.
Active: I like people taking my photographs.
Passive: I I like having my photographs taken.
‘start’, with gerund structure passive
Active: They started learning English five years ago.
Passive: English started being learnt five years ago.

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Passive of ‘senses’ verbs
Active: They heard the baby cry.
Passive: The baby was heard to cry /crying.
Passive of ‘be supposed to’ structure
Active: She is supposed to clean the room.
Passive: The room is supposed to be cleaned by her.

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General Imperative

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Descriptive Imperatives
Examples:
Active: weigh the solid in air.
Passive: The solid is weighed in air.
Active: Use the measuring jars.
Passive: The measuring jars are used.
… is / are / was / were + V3
Passive: The inner tube was removed.

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Obligatory Imperatives
Examples:
Active: Respect your seniors.
Passive: Your seniors should be respected.
Active: Help the poor.
Passive: The poor should be helped.
… should be + V3
Active: Teach them well.
Passive: You are supposed to teach them well.

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Passive of Interrogatives

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Passive of Interrogatives

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Passive of Interrogatives
Active: Are they reading the book?
Statement: They are reading the book.
SP: The book is being read by them.
ISP: Is the book being read by them?
Active: Does he have to invite her?
Passive: Does she have to be invited by him?

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Passive of Interrogatives
Active: Why does he have to invite her?
Statement: He has to invite her why.
SP: She has to be invited by him why.
ISP: Why does she have to be invited by him?
Active: When did you request him?
Passive: When was he requested by you?

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Passive of Interrogatives