Target Organization List
Organization
Web address
Mission statement
Company 1
Company name:
Contact name (if available):
Description of what the company does:
Location(s):
Web address:
Phone number:
Type of position that you are interested in:
How to apply:
Three things that you learned about the company (this may be mission statement, size, growth potential, community involvement, etc.):
How would this company and job support your career goals?
Company 2
Company name:
Contact name (if available):
Description of what the company does:
Location(s):
Web address:
Phone number:
Type of position that you are interested in:
How to apply:
Three things that you learned about the company (this may be mission statement, size, growth potential, community involvement, etc.):
How would this company and job support your career goals?
Company 3
Company name:
Contact name (if available):
Description of what the company does:
Location(s):
Web address:
Phone number:
Type of position that you are interested in:
How to apply:
Three things that you learned about the company (this may be mission statement, size, growth potential, community involvement, etc.):
How would this company and job support your career goals?
1
Article 35
The Price of Progress
John Bodley
In aiming at progress… you must
let no one suffer by too drastic a
measure, nor pay too high a price
in upheaval and devastation, for
your innovation.
Maunier, 1949: 725
UNTIL RECENTLY, GOVERNMENT
planners have always considered eco-
nomic development and progress benefi-
cial goals that all societies should want to
strive toward. The social advantage of
progress—as defined in terms of in-
creased incomes, higher standards of liv-
ing, greater security, and better health—
are thought to be positive, universal
goods, to be obtained at any price. Al-
though one may argue that tribal peoples
must sacrifice their traditional cultures to
obtain these benefits, government plan-
ners generally feel that this is a small
price to pay for such obvious advantages.
In earlier chapters [in Victims of
Progress, 3rd ed.], evidence was pre-
sented to demonstrate that autonomous
tribal peoples have not chosen progress
to enjoy its advantages, but that govern-
ments have pushed progress upon them
to obtain tribal resources, not primarily
to share with the tribal peoples the bene-
fits of progress. It has also been shown
that the price of forcing progress on un-
willing recipients has involved the
deaths of millions of tribal people, as
well as their loss of land, political sover-
eignty, and the right to follow their own
life style. This chapter does not attempt
to further summarize that aspect of the
cost of progress, but instead analyzes the
specific effects of the participation of
tribal peoples in the world-market econ-
omy. In direct opposition to the usual in-
terpretation, it is argued here that the
benefits of progress are often both illu-
sory and detrimental to ...
1
Article 35
The Price of Progress
John Bodley
In aiming at progress… you must
let no one suffer by too drastic a
measure, nor pay too high a price
in upheaval and devastation, for
your innovation.
Maunier, 1949: 725
UNTIL RECENTLY, GOVERNMENT
planners have always considered eco-
nomic development and progress benefi-
cial goals that all societies should want to
strive toward. The social advantage of
progress—as defined in terms of in-
creased incomes, higher standards of liv-
ing, greater security, and better health—
are thought to be positive, universal
goods, to be obtained at any price. Al-
though one may argue that tribal peoples
must sacrifice their traditional cultures to
obtain these benefits, government plan-
ners generally feel that this is a small
price to pay for such obvious advantages.
In earlier chapters [in Victims of
Progress, 3rd ed.], evidence was pre-
sented to demonstrate that autonomous
tribal peoples have not chosen progress
to enjoy its advantages, but that govern-
ments have pushed progress upon them
to obtain tribal resources, not primarily
to share with the tribal peoples the bene-
fits of progress. It has also been shown
that the price of forcing progress on un-
willing recipients has involved the
deaths of millions of tribal people, as
well as their loss of land, political sover-
eignty, and the right to follow their own
life style. This chapter does not attempt
to further summarize that aspect of the
cost of progress, but instead analyzes the
specific effects of the participation of
tribal peoples in the world-market econ-
omy. In direct opposition to the usual in-
terpretation, it is argued here that the
benefits of progress are often both illu-
sory and detrimental to tribal peoples
when they have not been allowed to con-
trol their own resources and define their
relationship to the market economy.
PROGRESS AND THE
QUALITY OF LIFE
One of the primary difficulties in assess-
ing the benefits of progress and eco-
nomic development for any culture is
that of establishing a meaningful mea-
sure of both benefit and detriment. It is
widely recognized that standard of liv-
ing, which is the most frequently used
measure of progress, is an intrinsically
ethnocentric concept relying heavily
upon indicators that lack universal cul-
tural relevance. Such factors as GNP, per
capita income, capital formation, em-
ployment rates, literacy, formal educa-
tion, consumption of manufactured
goods, number of doctors and hospital
beds per thousand persons, and the
amount of money spent on government
welfare and health programs may be ir-
relevant measures of actual quality of
life for autonomous or even semiautono-
mous tribal cultures. In its 1954 report,
the Trust Territory government indicated
that since the Micronesian population
was still largely satisfying its own needs
within a cashless subsistence economy,
“Money income is not a significant mea-
sure of living standards, production, or
well-being in this area” (TTR.
There are opposing factors that influence population growth rates. Pronatalist pressures increase desire to have children while birth reduction pressures in developed countries, like higher education and women's freedom, result in fewer children. Most countries experience a demographic transition as development improves living conditions and death rates fall faster than birth rates. Some experts believe this transition will lead world population to stabilize in the 21st century, while others warn many poor countries may be trapped in high population growth due to resource shortages preventing development. Ensuring social justice, women's empowerment, child survival and access to family planning are key to successfully slowing growth rates.
This document is an introduction to the World Happiness Report. It discusses how while technology and economic growth have increased, levels of happiness and life satisfaction have not risen in kind. In rich countries, affluence has led to issues like obesity, addiction, and environmental degradation without improving well-being. Simply increasing GDP does not necessarily improve average happiness. For sustainable development, lifestyles and technologies must improve happiness while reducing environmental impact.
This document is an introduction to the World Happiness Report. It discusses how while technology and economic growth have increased, levels of happiness and life satisfaction have not risen in kind. In rich countries, affluence has led to issues like obesity, addiction, and environmental degradation without improving well-being. Simply increasing GDP does not necessarily improve average happiness. For sustainable development, lifestyles and technologies must improve happiness while reducing environmental impact.
The document discusses how establishing community gardens at universities can help address the growing issue of food insecurity in urban areas as populations rise. It proposes that the university, located in a growing city, could utilize unused land for a 20 square foot community garden where students and local residents could grow produce. The garden would help provide fresh, locally grown food to the surrounding community and university through a community supported agriculture program.
CAPE Sociology Unit Two Population controlpolicycapesociology
The document discusses reduction in fertility as a population control policy in developing countries. It presents arguments from both supporters and critics of this approach. Supporters argue that lowering population growth rates through reduced fertility can help achieve social stability by balancing population size with resources. However, critics argue that population size is not the root cause of problems in developing nations, and that coercive population control policies can undermine individual freedoms and fail to achieve their goals. The document concludes that reducing fertility alone may not guarantee social stability, and that unequal resource distribution between nations also contributes to social and economic issues.
CRJ 201-PolicingPolicing in a democracy Introduction.docxmydrynan
CRJ 201-Policing
Policing in a democracy
Introduction
Discuss how public safety is organized in the U.S.
Differentiate between Federal, State, and Local law enforcement.
Describe some challenges to U.S. law enforcement agencies
Public Safety Organization
Extremely complex and expensive undertaking
U.S. approach to law enforcement is unique
Federalist Structure-no national police force.
Law enforcement is primarily the responsibility of local governments (local control)
Public Safety Organization
There are approximately 18,000 law enforcement agencies in the U.S. today.
Main Points:
LE in the U.S. is diverse and fragmented
LE in the U.S. is predominantly local
Many employment opportunities at different levels
Federal Law Enforcement
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
U.S. Marshals Service
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Firearms (ATF)
Federal Law Enforcement
DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
Customs and Border Protection
Immigration and Customs Enforcement
Secret Service
TSA
FEMA
Federal Law Enforcement
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
Internal Revenue Service
Executive Office for Terrorist Financing and Financial Crime
Financial Crimes Enforcement Network
Federal Law Enforcement
Department of the Interior
National Park Service
Fish and Wildlife
U.S. Park Police
Bureau of Indian Affairs
State Law Enforcement
State Law Enforcement
50 States-Each State decides how to operate their law enforcement apparatus
Some are centralized, others are decentralized.
Lets look at New York State
State Law Enforcement
New York State Law Enforcement
NYS Police (Troopers)
NYS Park Police
NYS Department of Environmental Conservation
State Law Enforcement
Local Law Enforcement
County Sheriff
County Police
City Police
Town Police
Village Police
Local Police
COUNTY LAW ENFORCEMENT
Patrolled by a sheriff’s department
Duties of a county sheriff’s office vary
In larger counties there is often a county police department (e.g. Nassau, Suffolk, Westchester, etc.)
Issues Affecting Police
Diversity
Resources-most police departments in the U.S. are very small
Budgets
Drug Interdiction
Lack of back-up for small jurisdictions
Anti-Terrorism
Immigration enforcement
Accountability
Training
Recruitment
Responding to emotionally disturbed individuals
International Policing
Interpol
International Criminal Police Organization
Worldwide organization established for the development of cooperation among nations regarding common police problems
Police officials of any member country may initiate a request for assistance on a case that extends beyond their country’s jurisdiction.
Next
Police Management and Organization
Chapters 5 & 6
Assignment 2: Poverty and Food Security
The members of the United Nations appreciated the content you provided on population growth. Now they are asking you to expand the whitepaper to include global food securi.
1
Article 35
The Price of Progress
John Bodley
In aiming at progress… you must
let no one suffer by too drastic a
measure, nor pay too high a price
in upheaval and devastation, for
your innovation.
Maunier, 1949: 725
UNTIL RECENTLY, GOVERNMENT
planners have always considered eco-
nomic development and progress benefi-
cial goals that all societies should want to
strive toward. The social advantage of
progress—as defined in terms of in-
creased incomes, higher standards of liv-
ing, greater security, and better health—
are thought to be positive, universal
goods, to be obtained at any price. Al-
though one may argue that tribal peoples
must sacrifice their traditional cultures to
obtain these benefits, government plan-
ners generally feel that this is a small
price to pay for such obvious advantages.
In earlier chapters [in Victims of
Progress, 3rd ed.], evidence was pre-
sented to demonstrate that autonomous
tribal peoples have not chosen progress
to enjoy its advantages, but that govern-
ments have pushed progress upon them
to obtain tribal resources, not primarily
to share with the tribal peoples the bene-
fits of progress. It has also been shown
that the price of forcing progress on un-
willing recipients has involved the
deaths of millions of tribal people, as
well as their loss of land, political sover-
eignty, and the right to follow their own
life style. This chapter does not attempt
to further summarize that aspect of the
cost of progress, but instead analyzes the
specific effects of the participation of
tribal peoples in the world-market econ-
omy. In direct opposition to the usual in-
terpretation, it is argued here that the
benefits of progress are often both illu-
sory and detrimental to tribal peoples
when they have not been allowed to con-
trol their own resources and define their
relationship to the market economy.
PROGRESS AND THE
QUALITY OF LIFE
One of the primary difficulties in assess-
ing the benefits of progress and eco-
nomic development for any culture is
that of establishing a meaningful mea-
sure of both benefit and detriment. It is
widely recognized that standard of liv-
ing, which is the most frequently used
measure of progress, is an intrinsically
ethnocentric concept relying heavily
upon indicators that lack universal cul-
tural relevance. Such factors as GNP, per
capita income, capital formation, em-
ployment rates, literacy, formal educa-
tion, consumption of manufactured
goods, number of doctors and hospital
beds per thousand persons, and the
amount of money spent on government
welfare and health programs may be ir-
relevant measures of actual quality of
life for autonomous or even semiautono-
mous tribal cultures. In its 1954 report,
the Trust Territory government indicated
that since the Micronesian population
was still largely satisfying its own needs
within a cashless subsistence economy,
“Money income is not a significant mea-
sure of living standards, production, or
well-being in this area” (TTR.
There are opposing factors that influence population growth rates. Pronatalist pressures increase desire to have children while birth reduction pressures in developed countries, like higher education and women's freedom, result in fewer children. Most countries experience a demographic transition as development improves living conditions and death rates fall faster than birth rates. Some experts believe this transition will lead world population to stabilize in the 21st century, while others warn many poor countries may be trapped in high population growth due to resource shortages preventing development. Ensuring social justice, women's empowerment, child survival and access to family planning are key to successfully slowing growth rates.
This document is an introduction to the World Happiness Report. It discusses how while technology and economic growth have increased, levels of happiness and life satisfaction have not risen in kind. In rich countries, affluence has led to issues like obesity, addiction, and environmental degradation without improving well-being. Simply increasing GDP does not necessarily improve average happiness. For sustainable development, lifestyles and technologies must improve happiness while reducing environmental impact.
This document is an introduction to the World Happiness Report. It discusses how while technology and economic growth have increased, levels of happiness and life satisfaction have not risen in kind. In rich countries, affluence has led to issues like obesity, addiction, and environmental degradation without improving well-being. Simply increasing GDP does not necessarily improve average happiness. For sustainable development, lifestyles and technologies must improve happiness while reducing environmental impact.
The document discusses how establishing community gardens at universities can help address the growing issue of food insecurity in urban areas as populations rise. It proposes that the university, located in a growing city, could utilize unused land for a 20 square foot community garden where students and local residents could grow produce. The garden would help provide fresh, locally grown food to the surrounding community and university through a community supported agriculture program.
CAPE Sociology Unit Two Population controlpolicycapesociology
The document discusses reduction in fertility as a population control policy in developing countries. It presents arguments from both supporters and critics of this approach. Supporters argue that lowering population growth rates through reduced fertility can help achieve social stability by balancing population size with resources. However, critics argue that population size is not the root cause of problems in developing nations, and that coercive population control policies can undermine individual freedoms and fail to achieve their goals. The document concludes that reducing fertility alone may not guarantee social stability, and that unequal resource distribution between nations also contributes to social and economic issues.
CRJ 201-PolicingPolicing in a democracy Introduction.docxmydrynan
CRJ 201-Policing
Policing in a democracy
Introduction
Discuss how public safety is organized in the U.S.
Differentiate between Federal, State, and Local law enforcement.
Describe some challenges to U.S. law enforcement agencies
Public Safety Organization
Extremely complex and expensive undertaking
U.S. approach to law enforcement is unique
Federalist Structure-no national police force.
Law enforcement is primarily the responsibility of local governments (local control)
Public Safety Organization
There are approximately 18,000 law enforcement agencies in the U.S. today.
Main Points:
LE in the U.S. is diverse and fragmented
LE in the U.S. is predominantly local
Many employment opportunities at different levels
Federal Law Enforcement
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
U.S. Marshals Service
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Firearms (ATF)
Federal Law Enforcement
DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
Customs and Border Protection
Immigration and Customs Enforcement
Secret Service
TSA
FEMA
Federal Law Enforcement
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
Internal Revenue Service
Executive Office for Terrorist Financing and Financial Crime
Financial Crimes Enforcement Network
Federal Law Enforcement
Department of the Interior
National Park Service
Fish and Wildlife
U.S. Park Police
Bureau of Indian Affairs
State Law Enforcement
State Law Enforcement
50 States-Each State decides how to operate their law enforcement apparatus
Some are centralized, others are decentralized.
Lets look at New York State
State Law Enforcement
New York State Law Enforcement
NYS Police (Troopers)
NYS Park Police
NYS Department of Environmental Conservation
State Law Enforcement
Local Law Enforcement
County Sheriff
County Police
City Police
Town Police
Village Police
Local Police
COUNTY LAW ENFORCEMENT
Patrolled by a sheriff’s department
Duties of a county sheriff’s office vary
In larger counties there is often a county police department (e.g. Nassau, Suffolk, Westchester, etc.)
Issues Affecting Police
Diversity
Resources-most police departments in the U.S. are very small
Budgets
Drug Interdiction
Lack of back-up for small jurisdictions
Anti-Terrorism
Immigration enforcement
Accountability
Training
Recruitment
Responding to emotionally disturbed individuals
International Policing
Interpol
International Criminal Police Organization
Worldwide organization established for the development of cooperation among nations regarding common police problems
Police officials of any member country may initiate a request for assistance on a case that extends beyond their country’s jurisdiction.
Next
Police Management and Organization
Chapters 5 & 6
Assignment 2: Poverty and Food Security
The members of the United Nations appreciated the content you provided on population growth. Now they are asking you to expand the whitepaper to include global food securi.
1. Social and cultural changes can impact societies in both positive and negative ways. While economic development and modernization may bring certain benefits, they can also negatively impact traditional cultures and livelihoods.
2. The introduction of new technologies, foods, and globalized media through processes like advertising can threaten local identities and environmental balances. It may also associate consumerism more closely with happiness and success.
3. Unplanned development that disrupts social and environmental systems without regard for people's quality of life can increase diseases, malnutrition, and ecological damage for indigenous groups. It may also cause feelings of deprivation among communities less able to participate in modern economies. Care must be taken to ensure no groups suffer unduly from changes portrayed
Sociological research has the potential to influence social policy in several ways:
1) Sociological studies can reveal the true nature and extent of social problems, challenges dominant views, and leads to a redefinition of issues. This occurred with studies of poverty and disability.
2) Establishing definitions and counting the size of marginalized groups through research can raise their profile and lead to new policies. This happened when the disabled population was more accurately defined and quantified.
3) Systematic reviews of research evidence can identify effective solutions and approaches to social issues. An example is a review that informed policies to reduce teen pregnancy and support young parents.
However, critics argue that government-funded research may not be
This document summarizes key concepts in population and demography. It defines population as the number of people in a geographic area and demography as the statistical analysis of population characteristics. Rapid population growth can strain resources and lead to issues like poverty, overcrowding, and environmental degradation. Components of population change include fertility, mortality, life expectancy, and migration. Countries have implemented measures to control population growth such as family planning programs, abortion legalization, and encouraging delayed marriage.
This document summarizes key concepts in population and demography. It defines population as the number of people in a geographic area and demography as the statistical analysis of population characteristics. Rapid population growth can strain resources and lead to issues like poverty, overcrowding, and environmental degradation. Components of population change include fertility, mortality, life expectancy, and migration. Countries have implemented measures to control population growth such as family planning programs, abortion legalization, and encouraging delayed marriage.
This document summarizes key concepts in population and demography. It defines population as the number of people in a geographic area and demography as the statistical analysis of population characteristics. Rapid population growth can strain resources and lead to issues like poverty, overcrowding, and environmental degradation. Components of population change include fertility, mortality, life expectancy, and migration. Countries have implemented measures to control population growth such as family planning programs, abortion legalization, and encouraging delayed marriage.
The document discusses several topics related to population, health, and communities. It begins by outlining Thomas Malthus's theory of population growth and Karl Marx's response. It then discusses elements of demography such as death rates, life expectancy, and growth rates. The document also examines world population patterns, fertility trends in the United States, sociological perspectives on health, and the relationship between social factors and health outcomes.
This document contains two comments responding to the paper "Selective Primary Health Care: An Interim Strategy for Disease Control in Developing Countries".
The first comment criticizes the paper for proposing "selective primary health care" as an alternative to the comprehensive primary health care strategy endorsed at the Alma Ata conference. The comment argues that the paper fails to appreciate shifts away from viewing economic growth alone as development, and that a healthy population is necessary for true development. The comment also notes three key issues with the arguments in the paper: it introduces a term not used at Alma Ata, it slips between "health care" and "health services", and it cites an estimate about costs of basic rather than comprehensive services
Harvard global economic burden non communicable diseases 2011paulovseabra
This document provides an overview and analysis of the global economic burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). It finds that NCDs already pose a substantial economic burden, expected to grow tremendously over the next two decades to $47 trillion in lost global output. This represents 75% of global GDP in 2010. Cardiovascular diseases and mental health conditions are the leading contributors. While high-income countries currently bear most of the burden, the developing world will see a rising share due to population and economic growth. Business leaders also express significant concern about the economic impacts of NCDs. The findings suggest a pressing need for increased prevention and control efforts to curb this mounting threat.
Disparities in Health Care: The Significance of Socioeconomic StatusAmanda Romano-Kwan
This research paper discusses the disparities in the health care system, with a specific focus on socioeconomic status and how it affects the access and availability of quality care.
#WCIP2014 IASG - thematic paper health - rev1Dr Lendy Spires
This document summarizes a report on the health of indigenous peoples by the United Nations Inter-Agency Support Group. It finds that globally, indigenous peoples suffer poorer health outcomes than non-indigenous groups, including higher rates of infant and child mortality, communicable diseases, and mental health issues. Key challenges include lack of access to healthcare, poverty, discrimination, and loss of traditional lands and cultures. Improving data collection and ensuring culturally-appropriate healthcare are important to addressing health disparities faced by indigenous communities worldwide.
Factors that determine a country's population size include birth rates, death rates, immigration, and emigration. Birth rates are influenced by nutrition, fertility, abortion policies, economic factors, and culture. Death rates are affected by disease, war, healthcare access, and development levels. Immigration and emigration depend on "pull" and "push" factors that attract or displace people. Governments implement population policies to manage these factors.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Obesity epidemic in Mexico. Foundations to establish a Public Policyinventionjournals
Is ensured that in Mexico, members of this generation will be the first to see our children die, and not by war, calamities or some natural disaster, but for chronic diseases caused by obesity. In short: Mexico suffers from a veritable public health epidemic. Mexico won in 2012 the first place in obesity worldwide. The fact is alarming, 7 out of 10 Mexicans over 15 are overweight or obese and the consumption of "junk food" is one of the main reasons for this. The consequences of obesity have already exceeded the response capacity of the public health system; for 2017 is expected that 170 billion pesos (13 billion dollars) will be required to fight them -all the budget of the Ministry of Health of federal government. Here are exposed the results of a multidisciplinary study, a documentary review and interviews with experts, in which some bases are proposed to establish a public policy that includes sanitary measures, preventive and corrective ones and the implementation of taxes on companies that produce, market or advertise non-nutritious foods; all aiming to stop this devastation
Global Issues In Gcse Geography
Homelessness: A Global Issue
Global Pollution Essay
Global Health Essay
The Reasons for Global Inequality
Global Issues In America
Global Issue: Women’s Rights
Global Issues Of The 21st Century Essay
The Issue Of Global Warming Essay
Terrorism : A Global Issue Essay
Global Warming Is A Global Issue Essay
Global Societies
Global Warming : A Global Issue
Global Environmental Issues Of The World
World Hunger Essay
An Introduction to Globalization Essay
Climate Change : A Global Issue
Global Problems Essay
INTRODUCTIONA pandemic is a global disease outbreak.EXAMPLES 1.pdfgalagirishp
INTRODUCTION:
A pandemic is a global disease outbreak.
EXAMPLES: 1) HIV/AIDS is an example of one of the most destructive global pandemics in
history.
2) Spanish influenza killed 40-50 million people in 1918.
3) In 2003, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic took the lives of nearly 800
people worldwide.
OBJECTIVES OF LOCAL, STATE AND FEDERAL GOVERNMENT:
ROLE OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT:
The federal government has the central role in shaping all aspects of the health care sector.
Strong federal leadership, a clear direction in pursuit of common aims, and consistent policies
and practices across all government health care functions and programs are needed to raise the
level of quality for the programs’ beneficiaries and to drive improvement in the health care
sector overall.
The federal government plays a number of different roles in the health care arena, including
regulator; purchaser of care; provider of health care services; and sponsor of applied research,
demonstrations, and education and training programs for health care professionals. Each of these
roles can support the accomplishment of somewhat different objectives along the spectrum from
quality assurance to quality improvement to quality innovation.
PROVISION OF NECESSITIES:
If people are instructed to avoid public places, such as markets, stores, and pharmacies, or if
those places are required to close, there will be a need for people to procure food, medicine, and
other necessities in some other way. Similarly, shutting down mass transit may prevent people
from being able to get to those facilities that do remain open, and it could prevent some people
from being able to seek medical care. Such a situation also raises distributive-justice concerns
since those people with the least resources will be least likely to be able to procure additional
resources before closings occur.
Ideally governments would set up networks for the distribution of necessary provisions to
citizens’ homes, with a particular focus on those most in need. Such distribution should be
consistent and reliable, and it should provide necessities such as food and medicine for the
duration of social-distancing measures. It should also be conducted in such a manner as to
minimize interaction with potentially infectious people, and those people responsible for
distributing provisions should use infection-control precautions to decrease the likelihood that
they will spread disease. Transportation for medical care should be provided as needed by
personnel who are apprised of the risks involved in transporting potentially infectious people;
these personnel should be provided with protective equipment that will allow them to guard
themselves from the disease and to avoid spreading it to others. Similarly, a program should be
put in place for the removal of bodies from homes in a safe and efficient manner.
Resource constraints and logistical difficulties are likely to impede such a program in many
areas. Many gov.
This document summarizes challenges facing crime and justice in the 21st century. It identifies 7 major forces and factors: 1) increased migration due to globalization, poverty, climate change, and population growth; 2) youth demographics in some nations leading to increased violence; 3) more internal strife and conflict within nations; 4) ineffective security institutions in some countries leading to militias and insurgencies; 5) continued Islamic terrorism from disenfranchised youth and religious extremists; 6) a coming power vacuum as US influence declines; and 7) increased ethnic and religious tensions threatening international cooperation. The document argues criminology must adopt approaches used in medicine like evidence-based practices to address these complex challenges.
On July 1, 1665, the lordmayor and aldermen of thecity of Lo.docxvannagoforth
On July 1, 1665, the lordmayor and aldermen of the
city of London put into place a set
of orders “concerning the infec-
tion of the plague,” which was
then sweeping through the popula-
tion. He intended that these
actions would be “very expedient
for preventing and avoiding of
infection of sickness” (1).
At that time, London faced a
public health crisis, with an inade-
quate scientific base in that the
role of rats and their fleas in dis-
ease transmission was unknown.
Nonetheless, this crisis was faced
with good intentions by the top
medical and political figures of
the community.
Daniel Defoe made an observation that could apply to
many public health interventions then and today, “This
shutting up of houses was at first counted a very cruel and
unchristian method… but it was a public good that justi-
fied a private mischief” (1). Then, just as today, a complex
relationship existed between the science of public health
and the practice of public health and politics. We address
the relationship between science, public health, and poli-
tics, with a particular emphasis on infectious diseases.
Science, public health, and politics are not only com-
patible, but all three are necessary to improve the public’s
health. The progress of each area of public health is relat-
ed to the strength of the other areas. The effect of politics
in public health becomes dangerous when policy is dictat-
ed by ideology. Policy is also threatened when it is solely
determined by science, devoid of considerations of social
condition, culture, economics, and public will.
When using the word “politics,” we refer not simply to
partisan politics but to the broader set of policies and sys-
tems. Although ideology is used in many different ways, in
this case, it refers to individual systems of belief that may
color a person’s attitudes and actions and that are not nec-
essarily based on scientific evidence (2).
Public Health Achievements
Science influences public health decisions and conclu-
sions, and politics delivers its programs and messages.
This pattern is obvious in many of public health’s greatest
triumphs of the 20th century, 10 of which were chronicled
in 1999 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC) as great public health achievements, and several of
which are presented below as examples of policy affecting
successes (3). These achievements remind us of what can
be accomplished when innovation, persistence, and luck
converge, along with political will and public policy.
Vaccination
Childhood vaccinations have largely eliminated once-
common, terrible diseases, such as polio, diphtheria,
measles, mumps, and pertussis (4). Polio is being eradicat-
ed worldwide. The current collaboration between the
World Health Organization, the United Nations Children’s
Fund, CDC, and Rotary International is a political as well
as biological “tour de force,” and eradication of polio in
Nigeria has been threatened by local political struggles and
decisions. ...
Research done while in PwC Mexico. A short version was included as part of a PwC publication "Future of Pacific Alliance", that was presented at the presidental summit in Chile on July 2016.
This document discusses the importance of school-community partnerships and provides examples of how schools and communities can work together. It begins by outlining some of the top global issues facing the world, including climate change, pollution, violence, lack of security/well-being, lack of education, unemployment, and government corruption.
It then discusses how the entire world has become interconnected and what happens in one area can impact others. Some of the key ways communities can support schools outlined include volunteer initiatives to prepare schools, using community resources for curriculum, and work experience programs. Schools can support communities by allowing use of school facilities and resources.
Specific examples are provided of school-community partnership programs in the Philippines, including Brigada E
I NEED A+, 5-6 pages EssayWhitepaper on Food SecurityThekarinorchard1
I NEED A+, 5-6 pages Essay
Whitepaper on Food Security
The members of the United Nations found great value in the whitepaper you provided on population growth. They are now asking you to expand the whitepaper to include global food security as it relates to population growth and poverty. Read the overview and provide an assessment based on the questions below.
I.
Overview
We can define global food security as the effort to build food systems that can feed everyone, everywhere, and every day by improving its quality and promoting nutritional agriculture (1). That said, there are certain practices that can advance this project:
Identifying the underlying causes of hunger and malnutrition
Investing in country-specific recovery plans
Strengthening strategic coordination with institutions like the UN and the World Bank
Encouraging developed countries to make sustained financial commitments to its success
We must bear in mind that more than 3 billion people—nearly one-half of the world’s population—subsist on as little as $2.50 a day, with nearly 1.5 billion living in extreme poverty on less than $1.25 a day. According to the World Health Organization, the United Nations, and other relief agencies, about 20,000 people (mostly children) starve to death in the world every day, for a total of about 7 million people a year. In addition, about 750 million (twice the population of the United States) do not have access to clean drinking water, meaning that some one million people die every year from diarrhea caused by water-borne diseases.
The earth’s population has grown since it reached 7 billion in 2010. It is expected to reach 8 billion in 2025, 9 billion in 2040, and 11 billion by the end of the 21st century (2). If the demand for food is predicted to rise 50% by 2030 and 70% by 2050, the real problem is not necessarily growing enough food, but rather making that amount available to people. Moreover, food illnesses are prevalent, with nearly 600 million reported cases of foodborne diseases each year. These mainly affect children but can also negatively impact the livelihood of farmers, vendors, trade associations, and ultimately, can reduce the Gross Domestic Product (national income) of a country. These issues can impose tremendous human, economic, social, and fiscal costs on countries, so addressing them allows governments to devote more resources to making desperately needed infrastructure improvements that raise the quality of life for everyone.
It is not enough to have adequate supplies of food available. Policies that focus exclusively on food production can exacerbate the problem, particularly if, to satisfy the need for quantity, the quality of the food is left wanting.
Reasons for Food Insecurity
Certainly, poverty and the contributing systemic internal conditions are the driving factors behind keeping adequate food resources from reaching people, but it is only one of several. Others are discussed next.
Inadequate Foo ...
The changes required in the IT project plan for Telecomm Ltd would.docxmattinsonjanel
The changes required in the IT project plan for Telecomm Ltd would entail specific variation in the platforms used in the initial implementation plan. Initially, the three projects that were planned for implementation included; the installation of business intelligence platform, the implementation of Statistical Analysis System software technology, and the creation of an effectively network infrastructure. In this case, the changes would include an addition of an ERP software to ensure the performance of the workforce within the Telecomms Ltd employees.
ERP is an effectively coordinated information technology system that would ensure the company’s performance is enhanced. To understand how the implementation of a coordinated IT system offers a competitive advantage of a firm, it is essential to acknowledge three core reasons for the failure of information technology related projects as commonly cited by IT managers. In this case, IT managers cite the three reasons as; poor planning or management, change in business objectives and goals during the implementation process of a project, and lack of proper management support completion (Houston, 2011). Also, in the majority of completed projects, technology is usually deployed in a vacuum; hence users resist it. The implementation of coordinated information technology systems, such as ERP would provide an ultimate solution to the three reasons for failure, and thus would give Telecomms Ltd a competitive advantage in the already competitive market. Since the implementation of systems like ERP directly provides solution to common problems that act as drawbacks regarding the competitiveness of firm, it is, therefore, evident that its use place Telecomms Ltd above its rival companies in the market share (Wallace & Kremzar, 2001).
The use ERP, which is a reliable coordinated IT system entails three distinctive implementation strategies that a firm can choose depending on its specific needs. The changes in the projects would be as follows: The three implementation strategies are independently capable of providing a relatively competitive advantage for many companies. These strategies are: big bang, phased rollout, and parallel adoption. In the big bang implementation strategy, happens in a single instance, whereby all the users are moved to a new system on a designated (Wallace & Kremzar, 2001). The phased rollout implementation on the other hand usually involves a changeover in several phases, and it is executed in an extended period. In this case, the users move onto the new system in a series of steps (Houston, 2011). Lastly, the parallel adoption implementation strategy allows both legacy and the new ERP system to run at the same time. It is also essential to note that users in this strategy get to learn the new system while still working on the old system (Wallace & Kremzar, 2001). The three strategies effectively change the information system of Telecomms Ltd tremendously such that it positiv ...
The Catholic University of America Metropolitan School of .docxmattinsonjanel
The Catholic University of America
Metropolitan School of Professional Studies
Course Syllabus
THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA
Metropolitan School of Professional Studies
MBU 514 and MBU 315 Leadership Foundations
Fall 2015
Credits: 3
Classroom: Online
Dates: August 31, 2015 to December 14, 2015
Instructor:
Dr. Jacquie Hamp
Email: [email protected]
Twitter: @drjacquie
Telephone: 202 215 8117 cell
Office Hours: By Appointment
Dr. Jacquie Hamp is an educator, coach and consultant with particular expertise in leadership development, organizational development and human resources development strategy. From 2006 to 2015 she held the position as the Senior Director of Leadership Development for Goodwill Industries International in Rockville, Maryland. Dr. Hamp was responsible for the design and execution of leadership development programs and activities for all levels of the 4 billion dollar social enterprise network of Goodwill Industries across 165 independent local agencies. Jacquie is also a part time Associate Professor at George Washington University teaching at the graduate level and she is an adjunct professor at Catholic University of America, teaching leadership theory in the Masters Program.
Jacquie has a Master of Science degree in Human Resources Development Administration from Barry University. She holds a Doctor of Education degree in Human and Organizational Learning from the Graduate School of Education and Human Development at George Washington University. Jacquie has received a certificate in Executive Coaching from Georgetown University, a certificate in the Practice of Teaching Leadership from Harvard University and holds the national certification of Senior Professional in Human Resources (SPHR).
Jacquie has been invited to speak at conferences in the United States and the United Kingdom on the topic of how women learn through transformative experiences and techniques for effective leadership development in the social enterprise sector. She is a member of the Society of Human Resource Management (SHRM) and the International Leadership Association (ILA). In 2011 Dr. Hamp was awarded the Strategic Alignment Award by the Human Resources Leadership Association of Washington DC for her work in the redesign of the Goodwill Industries International leadership programs in order to meet the strategic goals of the organization.
Course Description: Surveys, compares, and contrasts contemporary theories of leadership, providing students the opportunity to assess their own leadership competencies and how they fit in with models of leadership. Students also discuss current literature, media coverage, and case studies on leadership issues.
Instructional Methods This course is based on the following adult learning concepts:
1. Learning is done by the learners, who are encouraged to achieve the overall course objectives through individual learning styles that meet their personal learning needs. ...
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A pandemic is a global disease outbreak.
EXAMPLES: 1) HIV/AIDS is an example of one of the most destructive global pandemics in
history.
2) Spanish influenza killed 40-50 million people in 1918.
3) In 2003, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic took the lives of nearly 800
people worldwide.
OBJECTIVES OF LOCAL, STATE AND FEDERAL GOVERNMENT:
ROLE OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT:
The federal government has the central role in shaping all aspects of the health care sector.
Strong federal leadership, a clear direction in pursuit of common aims, and consistent policies
and practices across all government health care functions and programs are needed to raise the
level of quality for the programs’ beneficiaries and to drive improvement in the health care
sector overall.
The federal government plays a number of different roles in the health care arena, including
regulator; purchaser of care; provider of health care services; and sponsor of applied research,
demonstrations, and education and training programs for health care professionals. Each of these
roles can support the accomplishment of somewhat different objectives along the spectrum from
quality assurance to quality improvement to quality innovation.
PROVISION OF NECESSITIES:
If people are instructed to avoid public places, such as markets, stores, and pharmacies, or if
those places are required to close, there will be a need for people to procure food, medicine, and
other necessities in some other way. Similarly, shutting down mass transit may prevent people
from being able to get to those facilities that do remain open, and it could prevent some people
from being able to seek medical care. Such a situation also raises distributive-justice concerns
since those people with the least resources will be least likely to be able to procure additional
resources before closings occur.
Ideally governments would set up networks for the distribution of necessary provisions to
citizens’ homes, with a particular focus on those most in need. Such distribution should be
consistent and reliable, and it should provide necessities such as food and medicine for the
duration of social-distancing measures. It should also be conducted in such a manner as to
minimize interaction with potentially infectious people, and those people responsible for
distributing provisions should use infection-control precautions to decrease the likelihood that
they will spread disease. Transportation for medical care should be provided as needed by
personnel who are apprised of the risks involved in transporting potentially infectious people;
these personnel should be provided with protective equipment that will allow them to guard
themselves from the disease and to avoid spreading it to others. Similarly, a program should be
put in place for the removal of bodies from homes in a safe and efficient manner.
Resource constraints and logistical difficulties are likely to impede such a program in many
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On July 1, 1665, the lordmayor and aldermen of thecity of Lo.docxvannagoforth
On July 1, 1665, the lordmayor and aldermen of the
city of London put into place a set
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then sweeping through the popula-
tion. He intended that these
actions would be “very expedient
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infection of sickness” (1).
At that time, London faced a
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ease transmission was unknown.
Nonetheless, this crisis was faced
with good intentions by the top
medical and political figures of
the community.
Daniel Defoe made an observation that could apply to
many public health interventions then and today, “This
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unchristian method… but it was a public good that justi-
fied a private mischief” (1). Then, just as today, a complex
relationship existed between the science of public health
and the practice of public health and politics. We address
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Science, public health, and politics are not only com-
patible, but all three are necessary to improve the public’s
health. The progress of each area of public health is relat-
ed to the strength of the other areas. The effect of politics
in public health becomes dangerous when policy is dictat-
ed by ideology. Policy is also threatened when it is solely
determined by science, devoid of considerations of social
condition, culture, economics, and public will.
When using the word “politics,” we refer not simply to
partisan politics but to the broader set of policies and sys-
tems. Although ideology is used in many different ways, in
this case, it refers to individual systems of belief that may
color a person’s attitudes and actions and that are not nec-
essarily based on scientific evidence (2).
Public Health Achievements
Science influences public health decisions and conclu-
sions, and politics delivers its programs and messages.
This pattern is obvious in many of public health’s greatest
triumphs of the 20th century, 10 of which were chronicled
in 1999 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC) as great public health achievements, and several of
which are presented below as examples of policy affecting
successes (3). These achievements remind us of what can
be accomplished when innovation, persistence, and luck
converge, along with political will and public policy.
Vaccination
Childhood vaccinations have largely eliminated once-
common, terrible diseases, such as polio, diphtheria,
measles, mumps, and pertussis (4). Polio is being eradicat-
ed worldwide. The current collaboration between the
World Health Organization, the United Nations Children’s
Fund, CDC, and Rotary International is a political as well
as biological “tour de force,” and eradication of polio in
Nigeria has been threatened by local political struggles and
decisions. ...
Research done while in PwC Mexico. A short version was included as part of a PwC publication "Future of Pacific Alliance", that was presented at the presidental summit in Chile on July 2016.
This document discusses the importance of school-community partnerships and provides examples of how schools and communities can work together. It begins by outlining some of the top global issues facing the world, including climate change, pollution, violence, lack of security/well-being, lack of education, unemployment, and government corruption.
It then discusses how the entire world has become interconnected and what happens in one area can impact others. Some of the key ways communities can support schools outlined include volunteer initiatives to prepare schools, using community resources for curriculum, and work experience programs. Schools can support communities by allowing use of school facilities and resources.
Specific examples are provided of school-community partnership programs in the Philippines, including Brigada E
I NEED A+, 5-6 pages EssayWhitepaper on Food SecurityThekarinorchard1
I NEED A+, 5-6 pages Essay
Whitepaper on Food Security
The members of the United Nations found great value in the whitepaper you provided on population growth. They are now asking you to expand the whitepaper to include global food security as it relates to population growth and poverty. Read the overview and provide an assessment based on the questions below.
I.
Overview
We can define global food security as the effort to build food systems that can feed everyone, everywhere, and every day by improving its quality and promoting nutritional agriculture (1). That said, there are certain practices that can advance this project:
Identifying the underlying causes of hunger and malnutrition
Investing in country-specific recovery plans
Strengthening strategic coordination with institutions like the UN and the World Bank
Encouraging developed countries to make sustained financial commitments to its success
We must bear in mind that more than 3 billion people—nearly one-half of the world’s population—subsist on as little as $2.50 a day, with nearly 1.5 billion living in extreme poverty on less than $1.25 a day. According to the World Health Organization, the United Nations, and other relief agencies, about 20,000 people (mostly children) starve to death in the world every day, for a total of about 7 million people a year. In addition, about 750 million (twice the population of the United States) do not have access to clean drinking water, meaning that some one million people die every year from diarrhea caused by water-borne diseases.
The earth’s population has grown since it reached 7 billion in 2010. It is expected to reach 8 billion in 2025, 9 billion in 2040, and 11 billion by the end of the 21st century (2). If the demand for food is predicted to rise 50% by 2030 and 70% by 2050, the real problem is not necessarily growing enough food, but rather making that amount available to people. Moreover, food illnesses are prevalent, with nearly 600 million reported cases of foodborne diseases each year. These mainly affect children but can also negatively impact the livelihood of farmers, vendors, trade associations, and ultimately, can reduce the Gross Domestic Product (national income) of a country. These issues can impose tremendous human, economic, social, and fiscal costs on countries, so addressing them allows governments to devote more resources to making desperately needed infrastructure improvements that raise the quality of life for everyone.
It is not enough to have adequate supplies of food available. Policies that focus exclusively on food production can exacerbate the problem, particularly if, to satisfy the need for quantity, the quality of the food is left wanting.
Reasons for Food Insecurity
Certainly, poverty and the contributing systemic internal conditions are the driving factors behind keeping adequate food resources from reaching people, but it is only one of several. Others are discussed next.
Inadequate Foo ...
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The changes required in the IT project plan for Telecomm Ltd would.docxmattinsonjanel
The changes required in the IT project plan for Telecomm Ltd would entail specific variation in the platforms used in the initial implementation plan. Initially, the three projects that were planned for implementation included; the installation of business intelligence platform, the implementation of Statistical Analysis System software technology, and the creation of an effectively network infrastructure. In this case, the changes would include an addition of an ERP software to ensure the performance of the workforce within the Telecomms Ltd employees.
ERP is an effectively coordinated information technology system that would ensure the company’s performance is enhanced. To understand how the implementation of a coordinated IT system offers a competitive advantage of a firm, it is essential to acknowledge three core reasons for the failure of information technology related projects as commonly cited by IT managers. In this case, IT managers cite the three reasons as; poor planning or management, change in business objectives and goals during the implementation process of a project, and lack of proper management support completion (Houston, 2011). Also, in the majority of completed projects, technology is usually deployed in a vacuum; hence users resist it. The implementation of coordinated information technology systems, such as ERP would provide an ultimate solution to the three reasons for failure, and thus would give Telecomms Ltd a competitive advantage in the already competitive market. Since the implementation of systems like ERP directly provides solution to common problems that act as drawbacks regarding the competitiveness of firm, it is, therefore, evident that its use place Telecomms Ltd above its rival companies in the market share (Wallace & Kremzar, 2001).
The use ERP, which is a reliable coordinated IT system entails three distinctive implementation strategies that a firm can choose depending on its specific needs. The changes in the projects would be as follows: The three implementation strategies are independently capable of providing a relatively competitive advantage for many companies. These strategies are: big bang, phased rollout, and parallel adoption. In the big bang implementation strategy, happens in a single instance, whereby all the users are moved to a new system on a designated (Wallace & Kremzar, 2001). The phased rollout implementation on the other hand usually involves a changeover in several phases, and it is executed in an extended period. In this case, the users move onto the new system in a series of steps (Houston, 2011). Lastly, the parallel adoption implementation strategy allows both legacy and the new ERP system to run at the same time. It is also essential to note that users in this strategy get to learn the new system while still working on the old system (Wallace & Kremzar, 2001). The three strategies effectively change the information system of Telecomms Ltd tremendously such that it positiv ...
The Catholic University of America Metropolitan School of .docxmattinsonjanel
The Catholic University of America
Metropolitan School of Professional Studies
Course Syllabus
THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA
Metropolitan School of Professional Studies
MBU 514 and MBU 315 Leadership Foundations
Fall 2015
Credits: 3
Classroom: Online
Dates: August 31, 2015 to December 14, 2015
Instructor:
Dr. Jacquie Hamp
Email: [email protected]
Twitter: @drjacquie
Telephone: 202 215 8117 cell
Office Hours: By Appointment
Dr. Jacquie Hamp is an educator, coach and consultant with particular expertise in leadership development, organizational development and human resources development strategy. From 2006 to 2015 she held the position as the Senior Director of Leadership Development for Goodwill Industries International in Rockville, Maryland. Dr. Hamp was responsible for the design and execution of leadership development programs and activities for all levels of the 4 billion dollar social enterprise network of Goodwill Industries across 165 independent local agencies. Jacquie is also a part time Associate Professor at George Washington University teaching at the graduate level and she is an adjunct professor at Catholic University of America, teaching leadership theory in the Masters Program.
Jacquie has a Master of Science degree in Human Resources Development Administration from Barry University. She holds a Doctor of Education degree in Human and Organizational Learning from the Graduate School of Education and Human Development at George Washington University. Jacquie has received a certificate in Executive Coaching from Georgetown University, a certificate in the Practice of Teaching Leadership from Harvard University and holds the national certification of Senior Professional in Human Resources (SPHR).
Jacquie has been invited to speak at conferences in the United States and the United Kingdom on the topic of how women learn through transformative experiences and techniques for effective leadership development in the social enterprise sector. She is a member of the Society of Human Resource Management (SHRM) and the International Leadership Association (ILA). In 2011 Dr. Hamp was awarded the Strategic Alignment Award by the Human Resources Leadership Association of Washington DC for her work in the redesign of the Goodwill Industries International leadership programs in order to meet the strategic goals of the organization.
Course Description: Surveys, compares, and contrasts contemporary theories of leadership, providing students the opportunity to assess their own leadership competencies and how they fit in with models of leadership. Students also discuss current literature, media coverage, and case studies on leadership issues.
Instructional Methods This course is based on the following adult learning concepts:
1. Learning is done by the learners, who are encouraged to achieve the overall course objectives through individual learning styles that meet their personal learning needs. ...
The Case of Frank and Judy. During the past few years Frank an.docxmattinsonjanel
The Case of Frank and Judy.
During the past few years Frank and Judy have experienced many conflicts in their marriage. Although they have made attempts to resolve their problems by themselves, they have finally decided to seek the help of a professional marriage counselor. Even though they have been thinking about divorce with increasing frequency, they still have some hope that they can achieve a satisfactory marriage.
Three couples counselors, each holding a different set of values pertaining to marriage and the family, describe their approach to working with Frank and Judy. As you read these responses, think about the degree to which each represents what you might say and do if you were counseling this couple.
· Counselor A. This counselor believes it is not her place to bring her values pertaining to the family into the sessions. She is fully aware of her biases regarding marriage and divorce, but she does not impose them or expose them in all cases. Her primary interest is to help Frank and Judy discover what is best for them as individuals 459460and as a couple. She sees it as unethical to push her clients toward a definite course of action, and she lets them know that her job is to help them be honest with themselves.
·
· What are your reactions to this counselor's approach?
· ▪ What values of yours could interfere with your work with Frank and Judy?
Counselor B. This counselor has been married three times herself. Although she believes in marriage, she is quick to maintain that far too many couples stay in their marriages and suffer unnecessarily. She explores with Judy and Frank the conflicts that they bring to the sessions. The counselor's interventions are leading them in the direction of divorce as the desired course of action, especially after they express this as an option. She suggests a trial separation and states her willingness to counsel them individually, with some joint sessions. When Frank brings up his guilt and reluctance to divorce because of the welfare of the children, the counselor confronts him with the harm that is being done to them by a destructive marriage. She tells him that it is too much of a burden to put on the children to keep the family together.
· ▪ What, if any, ethical issues do you see in this case? Is this counselor exposing or imposing her values?
· ▪ Do you think this person should be a marriage counselor, given her bias?
· ▪ What interventions made by the counselor do you agree with? What are your areas of disagreement?
Counselor C. At the first session this counselor states his belief in the preservation of marriage and the family. He believes that many couples give up too soon in the face of difficulty. He says that most couples have unrealistically high expectations of what constitutes a “happy marriage.” The counselor lets it be known that his experience continues to teach him that divorce rarely solves any problems but instead creates new problems that are often worse. The counsel ...
The Case of MikeChapter 5 • Common Theoretical Counseling Perspe.docxmattinsonjanel
The Case of Mike
Chapter 5 • Common Theoretical Counseling Perspectives 135
Mike is a 20-year-old male who has just recently been released from jail. Mike is technically on probation for car theft, though he has been involved in crime to a much greater extent. Mike has been identified as a cocaine user and has been suspected, though not convicted, for dealing cocaine. Mike has been tested for drugs by his probation department and was found positive for cocaine. The county has mandated that Mike receive drug counseling but the drug counselor has referred Mike to your office because the drug counselor suspects that Mike has issues beyond simple drug addiction. In fact, the drug counselor’s notes suggest that Mike has Narcissistic personality disorder. Mike seems to have little regard for the feelings of others. Coupled with this is his complete sensitivity to the comments of others. In fact, his prior fiancé has broken off her relationship with him due to what she calls his “constant need for admiration and attention. He is completely self-centered.” After talking with Mike, you quickly find that he has no close friends. As he talks about people who have been close to him, he discounts them for one imperfection or another. These imperfections are all considered severe enough to warrant dismissing the person entirely. Mike makes a point of noting how many have betrayed their loyalty to him or have otherwise failed to give him the credit that he deserves. When asked about getting caught in the auto theft, he remarks that “well my dumb partner got me out of a hot situation by driving me out in a stolen get-a-way car.” (Word on the street has it that Mike was involved in a sour drug deal and was unlikely to have made it out alive if not for his partner.) Mike adds, “you know, I plan everything out perfectly, but you just cannot rely on anybody . . . if you want it done right, do it yourself.” Mike recently has been involved with another woman (unknown to his prior fiancé) who has become pregnant. When she told Mike he said “tough, you can go get an abortionor something, it isn’t like we were in love or something.” Then he laughed at her and toldher to go find some other guy who would shack up with her. Incidentally, Mike is a very attractive man and he likes to point that out on occasion. “Yeah, I was going to be a male model in L. A.,but my agent did not know what he was doing . . . could never get things settled out right . . . so I had to fire him.” Mike is very popular with women and has had a constant string of failed relationships due to what he calls “their inability to keep things exciting.” As Mike puts it “hey, I am too smart for this stuff. These people around me, they don’t deserve the good dummies. But me, well I know how to run things and get over on people. And I am not about to let these dummies get in my way. I got it all figured out . . . see?”
Effective Small Business Management: An Entrepreneurial Approach 9th Edition, 2009 IS ...
THE CHRONICLE OF HIGHER EDUCATIONNovember 8, 2002 -- vol. 49, .docxmattinsonjanel
THE CHRONICLE OF HIGHER EDUCATION
November 8, 2002 -- vol. 49, no. 11, p. B7
The Dangerous Myth of Grade Inflation
By Alfie Kohn
Grade inflation got started ... in the late '60s and early '70s.... The grades that faculty members now give ... deserve to be a scandal.
--Professor Harvey Mansfield, Harvard University, 2001
Grades A and B are sometimes given too readily -- Grade A for work of no very high merit, and Grade B for work not far above mediocrity. ... One of the chief obstacles to raising the standards of the degree is the readiness with which insincere students gain passable grades by sham work.
--Report of the Committee on Raising the Standard, Harvard University, 1894
Complaints about grade inflation have been around for a very long time. Every so often a fresh flurry of publicity pushes the issue to the foreground again, the latest example being a series of articles in The Boston Globe last year that disclosed -- in a tone normally reserved for the discovery of entrenched corruption in state government -- that a lot of students at Harvard were receiving A's and being graduated with honors.
The fact that people were offering the same complaints more than a century ago puts the latest bout of harrumphing in perspective, not unlike those quotations about the disgraceful values of the younger generation that turn out to be hundreds of years old. The long history of indignation also pretty well derails any attempts to place the blame for higher grades on a residue of bleeding-heart liberal professors hired in the '60s. (Unless, of course, there was a similar countercultural phenomenon in the 1860s.)
Yet on campuses across America today, academe's usual requirements for supporting data and reasoned analysis have been suspended for some reason where this issue is concerned. It is largely accepted on faith that grade inflation -- an upward shift in students' grade-point averages without a similar rise in achievement -- exists, and that it is a bad thing. Meanwhile, the truly substantive issues surrounding grades and motivation have been obscured or ignored.
The fact is that it is hard to substantiate even the simple claim that grades have been rising. Depending on the time period we're talking about, that claim may well be false. In their book When Hope and Fear Collide (Jossey-Bass, 1998), Arthur Levine and Jeanette Cureton tell us that more undergraduates in 1993 reported receiving A's (and fewer reported receiving grades of C or below) compared with their counterparts in 1969 and 1976 surveys. Unfortunately, self-reports are notoriously unreliable, and the numbers become even more dubious when only a self-selected, and possibly unrepresentative, segment bothers to return the questionnaires. (One out of three failed to do so in 1993; no information is offered about the return rates in the earlier surveys.)
To get a more accurate picture of whether grades have changed over the years, one needs to look at official student tran ...
The chart is a guide rather than an absolute – feel free to modify.docxmattinsonjanel
The chart is a guide rather than an absolute – feel free to modify or adjust it as need to fit the specific ideas that you are developing.
Area: SALES
Specific Change Plans for Functional Areas
Capability Being Addressed
This can be pulled from the strategic proposal recommended in Part 2B
How do the recommended changes (details provided below) help improve the capability?
This is a logic "double check". Be sure you can show how the changes recommended below improve the capability and help address the product and market focus and add to accomplishment of the value proposition
Details of Specific Changes:
Proposed Changes in Resources
Proposed Changes to Management
Preferences
Proposed Changes to Organizational
Processes
Detailed Change Plans
(Lay out here the specifics of all recommended changes for this area. Modify the layout as necessary to account for the changes being recommended)
Proposed Change
Timing
Costs
On going impact on budget
On going impact on revenue
Wiki
Template
Part-‐2:
Gaps,
Issues
and
New
Strategy
BUSI
4940
–
Business
Policy
1
THE ENVIRONMENT/INDUSTRY
1. Drivers of change
Key drivers of change begin with the availability of substitute products. Many
other
companies can easily provide a substitute and the firm will have to find a way to
stand
out among them. Next would be the ability to differentiate yourself among other
firms
that pose a threat in the industry. Last, the political sector. The the federal, state,
and local governments could all shape the way healthcare is everywhere.
2. Key survival factors
Key survival factors would include making the firm stand out above the rest in the
industry and creating a name for itself. Second would be making sure there is a
broad
network of providers available for the customers. Giving the customer options
will
make the customer happy. Providing excellent customer service is key to any
firm in
the industry.
3. Product/Market and Value Proposition possibilities
Maintaining the use of heavy discounts will keep Careington in the competitive
market. They also concentrate on constantly innovating technology to make
sure that
they have the latest devices to offer their customers. To have high value proposition, Careington
will need to show their costumers that they can believe in them and trust them to
do the right thing. Showing the customers that they can always be on top of the
latest
technology and new age products will help build trust with the customers.
STRATEGY OF THE FIRM
1. Goals
Striving to promote the health and well being of their clients by continuing to
provide
low cost health care solutions. A lot of this concentration is on clients that cannot
afford health care very easily or that a ...
The Challenge of Choosing FoodFor this forum, please read http.docxmattinsonjanel
The Challenge of Choosing Food:
For this forum, please read: https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/food/no-food-is-healthy-not-even-kale/2016/01/15/4a5c2d24-ba52-11e5-829c-26ffb874a18d_story.html?postshare=3401453180639248&tid=ss_fb-bottom
The article is from the Washington Post, January 17, 2016, by Michael Ruhlmanentitled: "No Food is Healthy, Not even Kale."
Based on your reading in the textbook share the following information with your classmates:
(1) To what degree to you agree with article, "No Food is Healthy, Not even Kale." Do semantics count? Should we focus on foods that are described as nourishing (nutrient-dense) instead of foods described as healthy because the word "healthy" is a "bankrupt" word? Explain and refer to information from the article.
(2) Based on the article and the textbook reading (review pages 9-30), how challenging is it for you to choose nutritious foods that promote health? What factors drive your food choices? Explain to your classmates.
(3) What do you think is the biggest concern we face health-wise in the US today?
(4) What are some obstacles as to why we may not be eating as well as we would like to?
Please complete all questions, if you have any question let me knowv
Test file, (Do not modify it)
// $> javac -cp .:junit-cs211.jar ProperQueueTests.java #compile
// $> java -cp .:junit-cs211.jar ProperQueueTests #run tests
//
// On windows replace : with ; (colon with semicolon)
// $> javac -cp .;junit-cs211.jar ProperQueueTests.java #compile
// $> java -cp .;junit-cs211.jar ProperQueueTests #run tests
import org.junit.*;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import java.util.*;
public class ProperQueueTests {
public static void main(String args[]){
org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.main("ProperQueueTests");
}
/*
building queues:
- build small empty queue. (2)
- build larger empty queue. (11)
- build length-zero queue. (0)
*/
@Test(timeout=1000) public void ProperQueue_makeQueue_1(){
String expected = "";
ProperQueue q = new ProperQueue(2);
String actual = q.toString();
assertEquals(2, q.getCapacity());
assertEquals(expected, actual);
}
@Test(timeout=1000) public void ProperQueue_makeQueue_2(){
String expected = "";
ProperQueue q = new ProperQueue(11);
String actual = q.toString();
assertEquals(11, q.getCapacity());
assertEquals(expected, actual);
}
@Test(timeout=1000) public void Queue_makeQueue_3(){
String expected = "";
ProperQueue q = new ProperQueue(0);
String actual = q.toString();
assertEquals(0, q.getCapacity());
assertEquals(expected, actual);
}
/*
add/offer tests.
- add a single value to a short queue.
- fill up a small queue.
- over-add to a queue and witness it struggle.
- add many but don't finish filling a queue.
- make size-zero queue, adds fail, check it's still empty.
*/
@Test(timeout=1000) public void ProperQueue_add_1(){
String expecte ...
The Civil Rights Movement
Dr. James Patterson
Black Civil Rights Movement
Basic denial of civil rights (review)
Segregation in society
Inferior schools
Job discrimination
Political disenfranchisement
Over ½ lived below poverty level
Unemployment double national ave.
Ghettoes: gangs, drugs, substandard housing, crime
Early Victories
WWII egalitarianism and backlash against German racism
Jackie Robinson integrated professional baseball—1947
Desegregation of the armed forces ordered by president Truman—1948
Marian Anderson performed at the New York Metropolitan Opera House—1955
Increased interest in civil rights a result of Cold War propaganda
Brown v. Board of Education
1954 – Topeka, Kansas
Linda Brown: filed suit to attend a neighborhood school
“Separate educational institutions are inherently unequal.”
Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson
Court says: integrate "with all deliberate speed.”
What did this mean?
Linda Brown and Family
Circumvention of Brown v. Board of Education Ruling
White supremacist parents feared racial mixing and attempted to block black enrollment.
Ignored the integration issue
Token integration
Segregation through standardized placement tests
Segregation through private schools
Stalling through legal action
By 1964, 10 years after the Brown case, only 1% of black children attended truly integrated schools.
Little Rock High School
1957 courts order integration in Little Rock
9 black students enrolled.
Governor called out militia to block it.
Mobs replaced militia after recall.
Eisenhower ordered federal troops to protect the students.
Daily harassment
Courageous black students persevered.
Montgomery Bus Boycott
1955--Rosa Parks arrested for not giving up seat to white man
Boycott of bus system led by Martin Luther King, Jr.:
Walking, church busses, car pools, bicycles
Bus lines caught in the middle
Rosa Parks being Booked
Supreme Court ruled bus companies must integrate.
Inspired other protests:
Sit-ins, wade-ins, kneel-ins
Woolworth’s lunch counter
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Non-Violent
Influenced by Ghandi
“The blood may flow, but it must be our blood, not that of the white man.”
“Lord, we ain’t what we oughta be. We ain’t what we wanna be. We ain’t what we gonna be. But thank God, we ain’t what we was.”
Freedom Riders
Activists traveled from city to city to ignite the protest.
Bull Conner:
in Montgomery
Dogs
Whips
Water hoses
Cattle prods
Television
Public backlash
Civil Rights March (AL. 1965)
1963 - Washington, D.C. "I have a Dream“—200,000 Attended
Civil Rights Legislation
1964 - Civil Rights Act
1964 - 24th Amendment
Abolished Poll Tax
1965 Voting Rights Act
Affirmative action
Int ...
The Churchill CentreReturn to Full GraphicsThe Churchi.docxmattinsonjanel
The Churchill Centre
Return to Full Graphics
The Churchill Centre | Calendar | Churchill Facts | Speeches & Quotations | Publications and Resources |
News | Join The Centre! | Churchill Stores | Contact Us | Links | Search
Their Finest Hour
Sir Winston Churchill > Speeches & Quotations > Speeches
June 18, 1940
House of Commons
I spoke the other day of the colossal military disaster which occurred when the French High Command
failed to withdraw the northern Armies from Belgium at the moment when they knew that the French front
was decisively broken at Sedan and on the Meuse. This delay entailed the loss of fifteen or sixteen French
divisions and threw out of action for the critical period the whole of the British Expeditionary Force. Our
Army and 120,000 French troops were indeed rescued by the British Navy from Dunkirk but only with the
loss of their cannon, vehicles and modern equipment. This loss inevitably took some weeks to repair, and in
the first two of those weeks the battle in France has been lost. When we consider the heroic resistance
made by the French Army against heavy odds in this battle, the enormous losses inflicted upon the enemy
and the evident exhaustion of the enemy, it may well be the thought that these 25 divisions of the
best-trained and best-equipped troops might have turned the scale. However, General Weygand had to fight
without them. Only three British divisions or their equivalent were able to stand in the line with their French
comrades. They have suffered severely, but they have fought well. We sent every man we could to France
as fast as we could re-equip and transport their formations.
I am not reciting these facts for the purpose of recrimination. That I judge to be utterly futile and even
harmful. We cannot afford it. I recite them in order to explain why it was we did not have, as we could have
had, between twelve and fourteen British divisions fighting in the line in this great battle instead of only
three. Now I put all this aside. I put it on the shelf, from which the historians, when they have time, will
select their documents to tell their stories. We have to think of the future and not of the past. This also
applies in a small way to our own affairs at home. There are many who would hold an inquest in the House
of Commons on the conduct of the Governments-and of Parliaments, for they are in it, too-during the years
which led up to this catastrophe. They seek to indict those who were responsible for the guidance of our
affairs. This also would be a foolish and pernicious process. There are too many in it. Let each man search
his conscience and search his speeches. I frequently search mine.
Of this I am quite sure, that if we open a quarrel between the past and the present, we shall find that we
have lost the future. Therefore, I cannot accept the drawing of any distinctions between Members of the
present Government. It was formed at a moment of crisis in order to unite a ...
The Categorical Imperative (selections taken from The Foundati.docxmattinsonjanel
The Categorical Imperative (selections taken from The Foundations of the Metaphysics of
Morals)
Preface
As my concern here is with moral philosophy, I limit the question suggested to this:
Whether it is not of the utmost necessity to construct a pure thing which is only empirical and
which belongs to anthropology? for that such a philosophy must be possible is evident from the
common idea of duty and of the moral laws. Everyone must admit that if a law is to have moral
force, i.e., to be the basis of an obligation, it must carry with it absolute necessity; that, for
example, the precept, "Thou shalt not lie," is not valid for men alone, as if other rational beings
had no need to observe it; and so with all the other moral laws properly so called; that, therefore,
the basis of obligation must not be sought in the nature of man, or in the circumstances in the
world in which he is placed, but a priori simply in the conception of pure reason; and although
any other precept which is founded on principles of mere experience may be in certain respects
universal, yet in as far as it rests even in the least degree on an empirical basis, perhaps only as to
a motive, such a precept, while it may be a practical rule, can never be called a moral law…
What is the “Good Will?”
NOTHING can possibly be conceived in the world, or even out of it, which can be called
good, without qualification, except a good will. Intelligence, wit, judgement, and the other
talents of the mind, however they may be named, or courage, resolution, perseverance, as
qualities of temperament, are undoubtedly good and desirable in many respects; but these gifts of
nature may also become extremely bad and mischievous if the will which is to make use of them,
and which, therefore, constitutes what is called character, is not good. It is the same with the
gifts of fortune. Power, riches, honour, even health, and the general well-being and contentment
with one's condition which is called happiness, inspire pride, and often presumption, if there is
not a good will to correct the influence of these on the mind, and with this also to rectify the
whole principle of acting and adapt it to its end. The sight of a being who is not adorned with a
single feature of a pure and good will, enjoying unbroken prosperity, can never give pleasure to
an impartial rational spectator. Thus a good will appears to constitute the indispensable condition
even of being worthy of happiness.
There are even some qualities which are of service to this good will itself and may
facilitate its action, yet which have no intrinsic unconditional value, but always presuppose a
good will, and this qualifies the esteem that we justly have for them and does not permit us to
regard them as absolutely good. Moderation in the affections and passions, self-control, and calm
deliberation are not only good in many respects, but even seem to constitute part of th ...
The cave represents how we are trained to think, fell or act accor.docxmattinsonjanel
The cave represents how we are trained to think, fell or act according to society, following our own way and not the way intended for us. The shadows are merely a reflection of what they perceived to be reality instead of an illusion. The prisoners are trapped in society, each one of us who choose to stay trapped in our own way. The man that escapes is the person who no longer is a slave to society and can see the difference between reality and illusion. The day light can be compared to God’s will. When you don’t follow the plan that has been laid out for you by God, than you are trapped and you will only see illusions or reflections of reality. Escaping and choosing to go into “the light,” or following the will of God, only then can you be set free from your prison.
When looking at a piece of art, a painting, for example, at first glance the painting can appear to be something other what it is intended to be (reality). This reminds me of those pictures that everyone sees on social media, the picture that has circles all over it. When you look at the picture it appears that the circles are moving, but in reality the circles do not move at all. So art can more or less be perceived as more of an illusion.
An example of the picture can be seen here http://www.dailyhaha.com/_pics/movie_circles_illusion.jpg
Accepting illusion as reality happens a lot more times than we probably think. Anything that we see on T.V., Social Media, internet, or even dating, can all be perceived as an illusion at some point. Take dating for example; how a person acts on a date is most likely not how they would act to someone they have known for a while (illusion). Not all people pretend to be something different but in many cases they do. Recognizing what you failed to see after the initial first date and thereafter is how you would know what you first seen was just simply an illusion and therefore not reality, unless of course in reality they are simply a fake person I suppose. Following this pattern makes you realize most people do not appear to be who they are. A good “first impression” doesn’t necessarily mean much when thinking about illusions vs reality, because that’s all the “first impression” is in fact more or less an illusion.
People live in shadows because they fail to recognize reality and choose to continue to believe in illusions. With the growth of Social media, more and more people are falling victim to what things appear to be and will stay in the dark (cave). We as a society are imprisoned by what we see and read through news channels and social media. We will believe anything that comes across CNN or any news station (not fox news though) and let them make up our mind for us. People comment on any shooting victims and assume the cop was in the wrong and is racist, in reality that is not always the case.
It’s interesting to think in terms of appearance vs reality when viewing not only art, but the world. Not taking things for what they appear to ...
The Case Superior Foods Corporation Faces a ChallengeOn his way.docxmattinsonjanel
The Case: Superior Foods Corporation Faces a Challenge
On his way to the plant office, Jason Starnes passed by the production line where hundreds of gloved, uniformed workers were packing sausages and processed meats for shipment to grocery stores around the world.
Jason's company, Superior Foods Corporation, based in Wichita, Kansas, employed 30,000 people in eight countries and had beef and pork processing plants in Arkansas, California, Milwaukee, and Nebraska City. Since a landmark United States–Japan trade agreement signed in 1988, markets had opened up for major exports of American beef, now representing 10 percent of U.S. production. Products called “variety meats”—including intestines, hearts, brains, and tongues—were very much in demand for export to international markets.
Jason was in Nebraska City to talk with the plant manager, Ben Schroeder, about the U.S. outbreak of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow disease) and its impact on the plant. On December 23, 2011, the U.S. Department of Agriculture had announced that bovine spongiform encephalopathy had been discovered in a Holstein cow in Washington State. The global reaction was swift: Seven countries imposed either total or partial bans on the importation of U.S. beef, and thousands of people were chatting about it on blogs and social networking sites. Superior had moved quickly to intercept a container load of frozen Asian-bound beef from its shipping port in Los Angeles, and all other shipments were on hold.
After walking into Ben's office, Jason sat down across from him and said, “Ben, your plant has been a top producer of variety meats for Superior, and we have appreciated all your hard work out here. Unfortunately, it looks like we need to limit production for a while—at least three months, or until the bans get relaxed. I know Senator Nelson is working hard to get the bans lifted. In the meantime, we need to shut down production and lay off about 25 percent of your workers. I know it is going to be difficult, and I'm hoping we can work out a way to communicate this to your employees.”
...
The Case You can choose to discuss relativism in view of one .docxmattinsonjanel
The Case:
You can choose to discuss relativism in view of one of the following two cases:
The Case:
· Start by giving a brief explanation of relativism (200 words).
· what is the difference between ethical & cultural relativism. Then discuss, in view of relativism, how we can reconcile the apparent conflict between the need for enforcement of human rights standards with the need for protection of cultural diversity. (400 words).
...
The Case Study of Jim, Week Six The body or text (i.e., not rest.docxmattinsonjanel
The Case Study of Jim, Week Six
The body or text (i.e., not restating the question in your answer, not including your references or your signature) of your initial response should be at least 300 words of text to be considered substantive. You will see a red U for initial responses that are not at least 300 words. Note: your initial response to this required discussion will not count toward participation
The Case Study of Jim, Week 6
Title of Activity: In class discussion of the case study of Jim, Week Six
Objective: Review the concepts of the case study in Ch.13 of Personality and then relate Jim’s case to the theorists discussed during the week. In addition, summarize the entire case study.
1. Read “The Case of Jim” in Ch. 13 of Personality.
2. Discuss the case. This week, discussion should focus on social-cognitive theory.
3. Provide a summary of the entire case.
THE CASE OF JIM Twenty years ago Jim was assessed from various theoretical points of view: psychoanalytic, phenomenological, personal construct, and trait.
At the time, social-cognitive theory was just beginning to evolve, and thus he was not considered from this standpoint. Later, however, it was possible to gather at least some data from this theoretical standpoint as well. Although comparisons with earlier data may be problematic because of the time lapse, we can gain at least some insight into Jim’s personality from this theoretical point of view. We do so by considering
Jim’s goals, reinforcers he experiences, and his self-efficacy beliefs.
Jim was asked about his goals for the immediate future and for the long-range future. He felt that his immediate and long-term goals were pretty much the same: (1) getting to know his son and being a good parent, (2) becoming more accepting and less critical of his wife and others, and (3) feeling good about his professional work as a consultant.
Generally he feels that there is a good chance of achieving these goals but is guarded in that estimate, with some uncertainty about just how much he will be able to “get out of myself” and thereby be more able to give to his wife and child.
Jim also was asked about positive and aversive reinforcers, things that were important to him that he found rewarding or unpleasant.
Concerning positive reinforcers, Jim reported that money was “a biggie.”
In addition he emphasized time with loved ones, the glamour of going to an opening night, and generally going to the theater or movies.
He had a difficult time thinking of aversive reinforcers. He described writing as a struggle and then noted, “I’m having trouble with this.”
Jim also discussed another social-cognitive variable: his competencies or skills (both intellectual and social). He reported that he considered himself to be very bright and functioning at a very high intellectual level. He felt that he writes well from the standpoint of a clear, organized presentation, but he had not written anything that is innovative or creative. Ji ...
The Case of Missing Boots Made in ItalyYou can lead a shipper to.docxmattinsonjanel
The Case of Missing Boots Made in Italy
You can lead a shipper to the water, but if the horse does not want to drink…
Vocabulary:
Shipper: In commercial trade, the person who gives goods to a shipping company to be transported to a foreign destination; in export transactions, it is usually the exporter. Do not confuse the shipper with the shipping company or carrier.
Consignee: The person who is ultimately receiving the goods, generally the buyer or importer. Sometimes these people will designate a “notify party” to be notified when the goods arrive in the port of entry, so that customs clearance can be arranged and the goods picked up for further domestic transport.
Carrier: A company that transports goods (sometimes referred to as a “shipping company” or a “freight company”).
Forwarder (or “freight forwarder”): A forwarder is like a travel agent for cargo – forwarders organize the transport of your goods from departure to destination, and charge a fee for their services. There are many different kinds of forwarders. There are firms that act as both forwarders and carriers. Sometimes forwarders will have relationships with a whole string of carriers and other forwarders, so that the shipper only deals with the forwarder but in the end the goods are actually carrier by a series of independent transport companies.
NVOCC: Non-vessel operating common carrier. A “common carrier” in the legal terminology refers to a carrier who has accepted the additional legal burdens imposed on a company that regularly carries goods for a fee (as opposed to someone with a truck who might agree to help you out just this once because you’re in trouble).
Container: Large standard-sized metal boxes for transporting merchandise; you see them on the back of trucks, or stacked up outside of ports like Lego toys, or on top of large ocean-going container ships. The capacity of container vessels is measured in TEU (twenty-foot equivalent units; containers generally measure 20 or 40 feet long; large vessels can now carry in excess of 4,000 TEU). There are different kinds of containers for different purposes. For example, refrigerated containers (for transporting meat or fruit, for example) are called “reefers,” so be careful where you use this term.
Consolidator: When large companies ship a lot of goods, they are usually able to fill entire containers. However, shippers who ship smaller amounts (like the shipper in the example below), often have their goods “stuffed” (the industry term) along with other goods into the same container; hence, they are “consolidated.” Some firms specialize in consolidating various shipments from different shippers, these are “consolidators.” A load which requires consolidation is a “LCL” or less-than-full-container load, as opposed to a “FCL” – full-container-load.
Marine Insurance: This is a common term for cargo insurance for international shipments, even in cases where much of the transport is NOT by sea; “marine insurance ...
The Cardiovascular SystemNSCI281 Version 51University of .docxmattinsonjanel
The Cardiovascular System
NSCI/281 Version 5
1
University of Phoenix Material
The Cardiovascular System
Exercise 9.6: Cardiovascular System—Thorax, Arteries, Anterior View
Layer 1 (p. 470)
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Layer 2 (p. 470)
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Layer 3 (p. 471)
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Layer 4 (pp. 471-472)
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Exercise 9.8: Cardiovascular System—Thorax, Veins, Anterior View
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Animation: Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation
After viewing the animation, answer these questions:
1. Name the two divisions of the cardiovascular system.
2. What are the destinations of these two circuits?
3. In the systemic circulation, where does gas exchange occur?
4. In the pulmonary circulation, where does gas exchange occur?
5. Name the blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart. How many are there? Where do they terminate?
Exercise 9.9: Imaging—Thorax
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In Review
1. What is the name for the fibrous sac that encloses the heart?
2. Name the lymphatic organ that is large in children but atrophies during adolescence.
3. Name the bilobed endocrine gland located lateral to the trachea and larynx.
4. How do large arteries supply blood to body structures?
5. Name the large vessel that conveys oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle of the heart.
6. Name the two branches of the blood vessel mentioned in question 5 that convey oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.
7. Name the blunt tip of the left ventricle.
8. What is the carotid sheath? What structures are found within it?
9. What is the serous pericardium?
10. Name the structure that ...
The Cardiovascular SystemNSCI281 Version 55University of .docxmattinsonjanel
The Cardiovascular System
NSCI/281 Version 5
5
University of Phoenix Material
The Cardiovascular System
Exercise 9.6: Cardiovascular System—Thorax, Arteries, Anterior View
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Exercise 9.7a: Imaging—Aortic Arch
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Exercise 9.8: Cardiovascular System—Thorax, Veins, Anterior View
Layer 2 (pp. 474-475)
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Animation: Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation
After viewing the animation, answer these questions:
1. Name the two divisions of the cardiovascular system.
2. What are the destinations of these two circuits?
3. In the systemic circulation, where does gas exchange occur?
4. In the pulmonary circulation, where does gas exchange occur?
5. Name the blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart. How many are there? Where do they terminate?
Exercise 9.9: Imaging—Thorax
A. .
B. .
C. .
D. .
E. .
F. .
G. .
H. .
I. .
J. .
K. .
In Review
1. What is the name for the fibrous sac that encloses the heart?
2. Name the lymphatic organ that is large in children but atrophies during adolescence.
3. Name the bilobed endocrine gland located lateral to the trachea and larynx.
4. How do large arteries supply blood to body structures?
5. Name the large vessel that conveys oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle of the heart.
6. Name the two branches of the blood vessel mentioned in question 5 that convey oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.
7. Name the blunt tip of the left ventricle.
8. What is the carotid sheath? What structures are found within it?
9. What is the serous pericardium?
10. Name the structure that ...
The British Airways Swipe Card Debacle case study;On Friday, Jul.docxmattinsonjanel
The British Airways Swipe Card Debacle case study;
On Friday, July 18, 2003, British Airways staff in Terminals 1 and 4 at London’s busy Heathrow Airport held a 24 hour wildcat strike. The strike was not officially sanctioned by the trade unions but was spontaneous action by over 250 check in staff who walked out at 4 pm. The wildcat strike occurred at the start of a peak holiday season weekend which led to chaotic scenes at Heathrow. Some 60 departure flights were grounded and over 10,000 passengers left stranded. The situation was heralded as the worst industrial situation BA had faced since 1997 when a strike was called by its cabin crew. BA response was to cancel its services from both terminals, apologize for the disruption and ask those who were due to fly not to go to the airport as they would be unable to service them. BA also set up a tent outside Heathrow to provide refreshments and police were called in to manage the crow. BA was criticized by many American visitors who were trying to fly back to the US for not providing them with sufficient information about what was going on. Staff returned to work on Saturday evening but the effects of the strike flowed on through the weekend. By Monday morning July 21, BA reported that Heathrow was still extremely busy. There is still a large backlog of more than 1000 passengers from services cancelled over the weekend. We are doing everything we can to get these passengers away in the next couple of days. As a result of the strike BA lost around 40 million and its reputation was severely dented. The strike also came at a time when BA was still recovering from other environmental jolts such as 9/11 the Iraqi war, SARS, and inroads on its markets from budget airlines. Afterwards BA revealed that it lost over 100,000 customers a result of the dispute.
BA staff were protesting the introduction of a system for electronic clocking in that would record when they started and finished work for the day. Staff were concerned that the system would enable managers to manipulate their working patterns and shift hours. The clocking in system was one small part of a broader restructuring program in BA, titled the Future Size and Shape recovery program. Over the previous two years this had led to approximately 13,000 or almost one in four jobs, being cut within the airline. As The Economist noted, the side effects of these cuts were emerging with delayed departures resulting from a shortage of ground staff at Gatwick and a high rate of sickness causing the airline to hire in aircraft and crew to fill gaps. Rising absenteeism is a sure sign of stress in an organization that is contracting. For BA management introduction of the swipe card system was a way of modernizing BA and improving the efficient use of staff and resources. As one BA official was quoted as saying We needed to simplify things and bring in the best system to manage people. For staff it was seen as a prelude to a radical shakeup in working ...
The Case Abstract Accuracy International (AI) is a s.docxmattinsonjanel
The Case
Abstract
Accuracy International (AI) is a specialist British firearms manufacturer based in Portsmouth,
Hampshire, England and best known for producing the Accuracy International Arctic Warfare
series of precision sniper rifles. The company was established in 1978 by British Olympic shooting
gold medallist Malcolm Cooper, MBE (1947–2001), Sarah Cooper, Martin Kay, and the designers
of the weapons, Dave Walls and Dave Craig. All were highly skilled international or national target
shooters. Accuracy International's high-accuracy sniper rifles are in use with many military units
and police departments around the world. Accuracy International went into liquidation in 2005, and
was bought by a British consortium including the original design team of Dave Walls and Dave
Craig.
Earlier this year, AI's computer network was hit by a data stealing malware which cost thousands of
pounds to recover from. Also last year there have been a couple of incidents of industrial
espionage, involving staff who were later sacked and prosecuted.
As part of an ongoing covert investigation, the head of Security at AI (DG) has hired you to
conduct a forensic investigation on an image of a USB device. The USB device, it is a non-
company issued device, allegedly belonging to an employee Christian Macleod, a consultant and
technical manager at AI for more than six years.
Case details
Christian’s manager, David Bolton, is the regional manager and head of R&D and has been
working at AI for the last three years. David initiated this fact finding covert investigation which is
conducted with the support of the head of Security at AI.
The USB device in question allegedly was removed from Christian's workstation at AI while he
was out of the office for lunch, the device was imaged and then it was plugged in back into
Christian's workstation. You have been provided with a copy of that image (the original copy is at
the moment secure in a secure locker at the security department).
You have been told by DG that Dave was alarmed by some of the work practices of Christian and
that prompted him to start this investigation by contacting the Head of Security at AI. According to
Dave, Christian would bring in devices such as his iPod and his iPhone and he would often plug
these into his workstation. There is no policy against personal music devices and there is no
BYOD policy but there is a strict policy against copying corporate data is any personal device. The
company's policy states that such data is not to be stored unencrypted, on unauthorised, non
company approved devices. According to DG, Dave has reasons to believe that an earlier malware
infection incident at AI had its origins in one of Christian's personal devices.
Supporting information
1. You need to be aware that Dave and Christian do not get along as they had a few verbal exchanges
in the last year. Christian has filled in a ...
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
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إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
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How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
2. Company 1
Company name:
Contact name (if available):
Description of what the company does:
Location(s):
Web address:
Phone number:
Type of position that you are interested in:
How to apply:
Three things that you learned about the company (this may be
mission statement, size, growth potential, community
involvement, etc.):
How would this company and job support your career goals?
Company 2
Company name:
Contact name (if available):
Description of what the company does:
Location(s):
Web address:
Phone number:
Type of position that you are interested in:
How to apply:
Three things that you learned about the company (this may be
mission statement, size, growth potential, community
involvement, etc.):
How would this company and job support your career goals?
3. Company 3
Company name:
Contact name (if available):
Description of what the company does:
Location(s):
Web address:
Phone number:
Type of position that you are interested in:
How to apply:
Three things that you learned about the company (this may be
mission statement, size, growth potential, community
involvement, etc.):
How would this company and job support your career goals?
1
Article 35
The Price of Progress
John Bodley
In aiming at progress… you must
let no one suffer by too drastic a
measure, nor pay too high a price
in upheaval and devastation, for
your innovation.
Maunier, 1949: 725
4. UNTIL RECENTLY, GOVERNMENT
planners have always considered eco-
nomic development and progress benefi-
cial goals that all societies should want to
strive toward. The social advantage of
progress—as defined in terms of in-
creased incomes, higher standards of liv-
ing, greater security, and better health—
are thought to be positive, universal
goods, to be obtained at any price. Al-
though one may argue that tribal peoples
must sacrifice their traditional cultures to
obtain these benefits, government plan-
ners generally feel that this is a small
price to pay for such obvious advantages.
In earlier chapters [in Victims of
Progress, 3rd ed.], evidence was pre-
sented to demonstrate that autonomous
tribal peoples have not chosen progress
to enjoy its advantages, but that govern-
ments have pushed progress upon them
to obtain tribal resources, not primarily
to share with the tribal peoples the bene-
fits of progress. It has also been shown
that the price of forcing progress on un-
willing recipients has involved the
deaths of millions of tribal people, as
well as their loss of land, political sover-
eignty, and the right to follow their own
life style. This chapter does not attempt
to further summarize that aspect of the
cost of progress, but instead analyzes the
specific effects of the participation of
tribal peoples in the world-market econ-
omy. In direct opposition to the usual in-
5. terpretation, it is argued here that the
benefits of progress are often both illu-
sory and detrimental to tribal peoples
when they have not been allowed to con-
trol their own resources and define their
relationship to the market economy.
PROGRESS AND THE
QUALITY OF LIFE
One of the primary difficulties in assess-
ing the benefits of progress and eco-
nomic development for any culture is
that of establishing a meaningful mea-
sure of both benefit and detriment. It is
widely recognized that standard of liv-
ing, which is the most frequently used
measure of progress, is an intrinsically
ethnocentric concept relying heavily
upon indicators that lack universal cul-
tural relevance. Such factors as GNP, per
capita income, capital formation, em-
ployment rates, literacy, formal educa-
tion, consumption of manufactured
goods, number of doctors and hospital
beds per thousand persons, and the
amount of money spent on government
welfare and health programs may be ir-
relevant measures of actual quality of
life for autonomous or even semiautono-
mous tribal cultures. In its 1954 report,
the Trust Territory government indicated
that since the Micronesian population
was still largely satisfying its own needs
within a cashless subsistence economy,
6. “Money income is not a significant mea-
sure of living standards, production, or
well-being in this area” (TTR, 1953: 44).
Unfortunately, within a short time the
government began to rely on an enumer-
ation of certain imported consumer
goods as indicators of a higher standard
of living in the islands, even though
many tradition-oriented islanders felt
that these new goods symbolized a low-
ering of the quality of life.
A more useful measure of the benefits
of progress might be based on a formula
for evaluating cultures devised by Gold-
schmidt (1952: 135). According to these
less ethnocentric criteria, the important
question to ask is: Does progress or eco-
nomic development increase or decrease
a given culture’s ability to satisfy the
physical and psychological needs of its
population, or its stability? This question
is a far more direct measure of quality of
life than are the standard economic cor-
relates of development, and it is univer-
sally relevant. Specific indication of this
standard of living could be found for any
society in the nutritional status and gen-
eral physical and mental health of its
population, the incidence of crime and
delinquency, the demographic structure,
family stability, and the society’s rela-
tionship to its natural resource base. A
society with high rates of malnutrition
and crime, and one degrading its natural
7. environment to the extent of threatening
its continued existence, might be de-
scribed as at a lower standard of living
than is another society where these prob-
lems did not exist.
Careful examination of the data,
which compare, on these specific points,
the former condition of self-sufficient
tribal peoples with their condition fol-
lowing their incorporation into the
world-market economy, leads to the con-
clusion that their standard of living is
lowered, not raised, by economic
progress—and often to a dramatic de-
gree. This is perhaps the most outstand-
ing and inescapable fact to emerge from
the years of research that anthropologists
have devoted to the study of culture
change and modernization. Despite the
best intentions of those who have pro-
moted change and improvement, all too
often the results have been poverty,
longer working hours, and much greater
physical exertion, poor health, social dis-
order, discontent, discrimination, overpopu-
lation, and environmental deterioration—
Article 35. The Price of Progress
2
combined with the destruction of the tra-
ditional culture.
8. DISEASES OF
DEVELOPMENT
Perhaps it would be useful for pub-
lic health specialists to start talk-
ing about a new category of
diseases.… Such diseases could be
called the “diseases of develop-
ment” and would consist of those
pathological conditions which are
based on the usually unanticipated
consequences of the implementa-
tion of developmental schemes.
Hughes & Hunter, 1972: 93
Economic development increases the
disease rate of affected peoples in at least
three ways. First, to the extent that devel-
opment is successful, it makes developed
populations suddenly become vulnerable
to all of the diseases suffered almost
exclusively by “advanced” peoples.
Among these are diabetes, obesity, hy-
pertension, and a variety of circulatory
problems. Second, development disturbs
traditional environmental balances and
may dramatically increase certain bacte-
rial and parasite diseases. Finally, when
development goals prove unattainable,
an assortment of poverty diseases may
appear in association with the crowded
conditions of urban slums and the gen-
eral breakdown in traditional socioeco-
nomic systems.
9. Outstanding examples of the first sit-
uation can be seen in the Pacific, where
some of the most successfully developed
native peoples are found. In Micronesia,
where development has progressed more
rapidly than perhaps anywhere else, be-
tween 1958 and 1972 the population
doubled, but the number of patients
treated for heart disease in the local
hospitals nearly tripled, mental disorder
increased eightfold, and by 1972 hyper-
tension and nutritional deficiencies be-
gan to make significant appearances for
the first time (TTR, 1959, 1973, statisti-
cal tables).
Although some critics argue that the
Micronesian figures simply represent
better health monitoring due to eco-
nomic progress, rigorously controlled
data from Polynesia show a similar
trend. The progressive acquisition of
modern degenerative diseases was docu-
mented by an eight-member team of
New Zealand medical specialists, an-
thropologists, and nutritionists, whose
research was funded by the Medical Re-
search Council of New Zealand and the
World Health Organization. These re-
searchers investigated the health status
of a genetically related population at var-
ious points along a continuum of increas-
ing cash income, modernizing diet, and
urbanization. The extremes on this ac-
10. culturation continuum were represented
by the relatively traditional Pukapukans
of the Cook Islands and the essentially
Europeanized New Zealand Maori,
while the busily developing Raroton-
gans, also of the Cook Islands, occupied
the intermediate position. In 1971, after
eight years of work, the team’s prelimi-
nary findings were summarized by Dr.
Ian Prior, cardiologist and leader of the
research, as follows:
We are beginning to observe that
the more an islander takes on the
ways of the West, the more prone
he is to succumb to our degenera-
tive diseases. In fact, it does not
seem too much to say our evidence
now shows that the farther the Pa-
cific natives move from the quiet,
carefree life of their ancestors, the
closer they come to gout, diabetes,
atherosclerosis, obesity, and hy-
pertension.
Prior, 1971: 2
In Pukapuka, where progress was
limited by the island’s small size and its
isolated location some 480 kilometers
from the nearest port, the annual per cap-
ita income was only about thirty-six
dollars and the economy remained es-
sentially at a subsistence level. Re-
sources were limited and the area was
visited by trading ships only three or four
11. times a year; thus, there was little oppor-
tunity for intensive economic develop-
ment. Predictably, the population of
Pukapuka was characterized by rela-
tively low levels of imported sugar and
salt intake, and a presumably related low
level of heart disease, high blood pres-
sure, and diabetes. In Rarotonga, where
economic success was introducing town
life, imported food, and motorcycles,
sugar and salt intakes nearly tripled, high
blood pressure increased approximately
ninefold, diabetes two- to threefold, and
heart disease doubled for men and more
than quadrupled for women, while the
number of grossly obese women in-
creased more than tenfold. Among the
New Zealand Maori, sugar intake was
nearly eight times that of the Pukapu-
kans, gout in men was nearly double its
rate on Pukapuka, and diabetes in men
was more than fivefold higher, while
heart disease in women had increased
more than sixfold. The Maori were, in
fact, dying of “European” diseases at a
greater rate than was the average New
Zealand European.
Government development policies
designed to bring about changes in local
hydrology, vegetation, and settlement
patterns and to increase population mo-
bility, and even programs aimed at re-
ducing certain diseases, have frequently
led to dramatic increases in disease rates
12. because of the unforeseen effects of dis-
turbing the preexisting order. Hughes
and Hunter (1972) published an excel-
lent survey of cases in which develop-
ment led directly to increased disease
rates in Africa. They concluded that
hasty development intervention in
relatively balanced local cultures and
environments resulted in “a drastic dete-
rioration in the social and economic con-
ditions of life.”
Traditional populations in general
have presumably learned to live with the
endemic pathogens of their environ-
ments, and in some cases they have
evolved genetic adaptations to specific
diseases, such as the sickle-cell trait,
which provided an immunity to malaria.
Unfortunately, however, outside inter-
vention has entirely changed this picture.
In the late 1960s, sleeping sickness sud-
denly increased in many areas of Africa
and even spread to areas where it did not
formerly occur, due to the building of
new roads and migratory labor, both of
which caused increased population
movement. Large-scale relocation
schemes, such as the Zande Scheme, had
disastrous results when natives were
moved from their traditional disease-free
refuges into infected areas. Dams and ir-
rigation developments inadvertently cre-
13. ANNUAL EDITIONS
3
ated ideal conditions for the rapid
proliferation of snails carrying schistoso-
miasis (a liver fluke disease), and major
epidemics suddenly occurred in areas
where this disease had never before been
a problem. DDT spraying programs have
been temporarily successful in control-
ling malaria, but there is often a rebound
effect that increases the problem when
spraying is discontinued, and the malar-
ial mosquitoes are continually evolving
resistant strains.
Urbanization is one of the prime mea-
sures of development, but it is a mixed
blessing for most former tribal peoples.
Urban health standards are abysmally
poor and generally worse than in rural ar-
eas for the detribalized individuals who
have crowded into the towns and cities
throughout Africa, Asia, and Latin
America seeking wage employment out
of new economic necessity. Infectious
diseases related to crowding and poor
sanitation are rampant in urban centers,
while greatly increased stress and poor
nutrition aggravate a variety of other
health problems. Malnutrition and other
diet-related conditions are, in fact, one of
the characteristic hazards of progress
faced by tribal peoples and are discussed
in the following sections.
14. The Hazards of Dietary Change
The traditional diets of tribal peoples are
admirably adapted to their nutritional
needs and available food resources. Even
though these diets may seem bizarre, ab-
surd, and unpalatable to outsiders, they
are unlikely to be improved by drastic
modifications. Given the delicate bal-
ances and complexities involved in any
subsistence system, change always in-
volves risks, but for tribal people the
effects of dietary change have been cata-
strophic.
Under normal conditions, food habits
are remarkably resistant to change, and
indeed people are unlikely to abandon
their traditional diets voluntarily in favor
of dependence on difficult-to-obtain ex-
otic imports. In some cases it is true that
imported foods may be identified with
powerful outsiders and are therefore
sought as symbols of greater prestige.
This may lead to such absurdities as Am-
azonian Indians choosing to consume
imported canned tunafish when abun-
dant high-quality fish is available in their
own rivers. Another example of this sit-
uation occurs in tribes where mothers
prefer to feed their infants expensive nu-
tritionally inadequate canned milk from
unsanitary, but high status, baby bottles.
The high status of these items is often
15. promoted by clever traders and clever
advertising campaigns.
Aside from these apparently volun-
tary changes, it appears that more often
dietary changes are forced upon unwill-
ing tribal peoples by circumstances be-
yond their control. In some areas, new
food crops have been introduced by gov-
ernment decree, or as a consequence of
forced relocation or other policies de-
signed to end hunting, pastoralism, or
shifting cultivation. Food habits have
also been modified by massive disruption
of the natural environment by outsid-
ers—as when sheepherders transformed
the Australian Aborigines’ foraging ter-
ritory or when European invaders de-
stroyed the bison herds that were the
primary element in the Plains Indians’
subsistence patterns. Perhaps the most
frequent cause of diet change occurs
when formerly self-sufficient peoples
find that wage labor, cash cropping, and
other economic development activities
that feed tribal resources into the world-
market economy must inevitably divert
time and energy away from the produc-
tion of subsistence foods. Many develop-
ing peoples suddenly discover that, like
it or not, they are unable to secure tradi-
tional foods and must spend their newly
acquired cash on costly, and often nutri-
tionally inferior, manufactured foods.
Overall, the available data seem to in-
16. dicate that the dietary changes that are
linked to involvement in the world-mar-
ket economy have tended to lower rather
than raise the nutritional levels of the af-
fected tribal peoples. Specifically, the vi-
tamin, mineral, and protein components
of their diets are often drastically re-
duced and replaced by enormous in-
creases in starch and carbohydrates,
often in the form of white flour and re-
fined sugar.
Any deterioration in the quality of a
given population’s diet is almost certain
to be reflected in an increase in defi-
ciency diseases and a general decline in
health status. Indeed, as tribal peoples
have shifted to a diet based on imported
manufactured or processed foods, there
has been a dramatic rise in malnutrition,
a massive increase in dental problems,
and a variety of other nutritional-related
disorders. Nutritional physiology is so
complex that even well-meaning dietary
changes have had tragic consequences.
In many areas of Southeast Asia, govern-
ment-sponsored protein supplementation
programs supplying milk to protein-defi-
cient populations caused unexpected
health problems and increased mortality.
Officials failed to anticipate that in cul-
tures where adults do not normally drink
milk, the enzymes needed to digest it are
no longer produced and milk intolerance
results (Davis & Bolin, 1972). In Brazil,
17. a similar milk distribution program
caused an epidemic of permanent blind-
ness by aggravating a preexisting vita-
min A deficiency (Bunce, 1972).
Teeth and Progress
There is nothing new in the obser-
vation that savages, or peoples liv-
ing under primitive conditions,
have, in general, excellent teeth.…
Nor is it news that most civilized
populations possess wretched
teeth which begin to decay almost
before they have erupted com-
pletely, and that dental caries is
likely to be accompanied by peri-
odontal disease with further
reaching complications.
Hooton, 1945: xviii
Anthropologists have long recognized
that undisturbed tribal peoples are often
in excellent physical condition. And it
has often been noted specifically that
dental caries and the other dental abnor-
malities that plague industrialized societ-
ies are absent or rare among tribal
peoples who have retained their tradi-
tional diets. The fact that tribal food hab-
its may contribute to the development of
sound teeth, whereas modernized diets
may do just the opposite, was illustrated
as long ago as 1894 in an article in the
Journal of the Royal Anthropological In-
18. stitute that described the results of a
comparison between the teeth of ten
Sioux Indians were examined when they
Article 35. The Price of Progress
4
came to London as members of Buffalo
Bill’s Wild West Show and were found
to be completely free of caries and in
possession of all their teeth, even though
half of the group were over thirty-nine
years of age. Londoners’ teeth were con-
spicuous for both their caries and their
steady reduction in number with advanc-
ing age. The difference was attributed
primarily to the wear and polishing
caused by the traditional Indian diet of
coarse food and the fact that they chewed
their food longer, encouraged by the ab-
sence of tableware.
One of the most remarkable studies of
the dental conditions of tribal peoples
and the impact of dietary change was
conducted in the 1930s by Weston Price
(1945), an American dentist who was in-
terested in determining what caused nor-
mal, healthy teeth. Between 1931 and
1936, Price systematically explored
tribal areas throughout the world to lo-
cate and examine the most isolated peo-
ples who were still living on traditional
19. foods. His fieldwork covered Alaska, the
Canadian Yukon, Hudson Bay, Vancou-
ver Island, Florida, the Andes, the Ama-
zon, Samoa, Tahiti, New Zealand,
Australia, New Caledonia, Fiji, the
Torres Strait, East Africa, and the Nile.
The study demonstrated both the supe-
rior quality of aboriginal dentition and
the devastation that occurs as modern di-
ets are adopted. In nearly every area
where traditional foods were still being
eaten, Price found perfect teeth with nor-
mal dental arches and virtually no decay,
whereas caries and abnormalities in-
creased steadily as new diets were
adopted. In many cases the change was
sudden and striking. Among Eskimo
groups subsisting entirely on traditional
food he found caries totally absent,
whereas in groups eating a considerable
quantity of store-bought food approxi-
mately 20 percent of their teeth were de-
cayed. This figure rose to more than 30
percent with Eskimo groups subsisting
almost exclusively on purchased or gov-
ernment-supplied food, and reached an
incredible 48 percent among the Van-
couver Island Indians. Unfortunately for
many of these people, modern dental
treatment did not accompany the new
food, and their suffering was appalling.
The loss of teeth was, of course, bad
enough in itself, and it certainly under-
mined the population’s resistance to
many new diseases, including tuberculo-
20. sis. But new foods were also accompa-
nied by crowded, misplaced teeth, gum
diseases, distortion of the face, and
pinching of the nasal cavity. Abnormali-
ties in the dental arch appeared in the
new generation following the change in
diet, while caries appeared almost imme-
diately even in adults.
Price reported that in many areas the
affected peoples were conscious of their
own physical deterioration. At a mission
school in Africa, the principal asked him
to explain to the native schoolchildren
why they were not physically as strong
as children who had had no contact with
schools. On an island in the Torres Strait
the natives knew exactly what was caus-
ing their problems and resisted—almost
to the point of bloodshed—government
efforts to establish a store that would
make imported food available. The gov-
ernment prevailed, however, and Price
was able to establish a relationship be-
tween the length of time the government
store had been established and the in-
creasing incidence of caries among a
population that showed an almost 100
percent immunity to them before the
store had been opened.
In New Zealand, the Maori, who in
their aboriginal state are often consid-
ered to have been among the healthiest,
most perfectly developed of people,
were found to have “advanced” the fur-
21. thest. According to Price:
Their modernization was demon-
strated not only by the high inci-
dence of dental caries but also by
the fact that 90 percent of the
adults and 100 percent of the chil-
dren had abnormalities of the den-
tal arches.
Price, 1945: 206
Malnutrition
Malnutrition, particularly in the form of
protein deficiency, has become a critical
problem for tribal peoples who must
adopt new economic patterns. Popula-
tion pressures, cash cropping, and gov-
ernment programs all have tended to
encourage the replacement of traditional
crops and other food sources that were
rich in protein with substitutes, high in
calories but low in protein. In Africa, for
example, protein-rich staples such as
millet and sorghum are being replaced
systematically by high-yielding manioc
and plantains, which have insignificant
amounts of protein. The problem is in-
creased for cash croppers and wage la-
borers whose earnings are too low and
unpredictable to allow purchase of ade-
quate amounts of protein. In some rural
areas, agricultural laborers have been
forced systematically to deprive nonpro-
22. ductive members (principally children)
of their households of their minimal nu-
tritional requirements to satisfy the need
of the productive members. This process
has been documented in northeastern
Brazil following the introduction of
large-scale sisal plantations (Gross &
Underwood, 1971). In urban centers the
difficulties of obtaining nutritionally ad-
equate diets are even more serious for
tribal immigrants, because costs are
higher and poor quality foods are more
tempting.
One of the most tragic, and largely
overlooked, aspects of chronic malnutri-
tion is that it can lead to abnormally
undersized brain development and ap-
parently irreversible brain damage; it has
been associated with various forms of
mental impairment or retardation. Mal-
nutrition has been linked clinically with
mental retardation in both Africa and
Latin America (see, for example,
Mönckeberg, 1968), and this appears to
be a worldwide phenomenon with seri-
ous implications (Montagu, 1972).
Optimistic supporters of progress will
surely say that all of these new health
problems are being overstressed and that
the introduction of hospitals, clinics, and
the other modern health institutions will
overcome or at least compensate for all
of these difficulties. However, it appears
that uncontrolled population growth and
23. economic impoverishment probably will
keep most of these benefits out of reach
for many tribal peoples, and the interven-
tion of modern medicine has at least
partly contributed to the problem in the
first place.
The generalization that civilization fre-
quently has a broad negative impact on
ANNUAL EDITIONS
5
tribal health has found broad empirical
support (see especially Kroeger & Bar-
bira-Freedman [1982] on Amazonia; Re-
inhard [1976] on the Arctic; and Wirsing
[1985] globally), but these conclusions
have not gone unchallenged. Some crit-
ics argue that tribal health was often poor
before modernization, and they point
specifically to tribals’ low life expect-
ancy and high infant mortality rates. De-
mographic statistics on tribal
populations are often problematic be-
cause precise data are scarce, but they do
show a less favorable profile than that
enjoyed by many industrial societies.
However, it should be remembered that
our present life expectancy is a recent
phenomenon that has been very costly in
terms of medical research and techno-
logical advances. Furthermore, the bene-
24. fits of our health system are not enjoyed
equally by all members of our society.
High infant mortality could be viewed as
a relatively inexpensive and egalitarian
tribal public health program that offered
the reasonable expectation of a healthy
and productive life for those surviving to
age fifteen.
Some critics also suggest that certain
tribal populations, such as the New
Guinea highlanders, were “stunted” by
nutritional deficiencies created by tribal
culture and are “improved” by “accultur-
ation” and cash cropping (Dennett &
Connell, 1988). Although this argument
does suggest that the health question re-
quires careful evaluation, it does not in-
validate the empirical generalizations
already established. Nutritional deficien-
cies undoubtedly occurred in densely
populated zones in the central New
Guinea highlands. However, the specific
case cited above may not be widely rep-
resentative of other tribal groups even in
New Guinea, and it does not address the
facts of outside intrusion or the inequi-
ties inherent in the contemporary devel-
opment process.
ECOCIDE
“How is it,” asked a herdsman…
“how is it that these hills can no
longer give pasture to my cattle?
In my father’s day they were green
25. and cattle thrived there; today
there is no grass and my cattle
starve.” As one looked one saw
that what had once been a green
hill had become a raw red rock.
Jones, 1934
Progress not only brings new threats to
the health of tribal peoples, but it also
imposes new strains on the ecosystems
upon which they must depend for their
ultimate survival. The introduction of
new technology, increased consumption,
lowered mortality, and the eradication of
all traditional controls have combined to
replace what for most tribal peoples was
a relatively stable balance between pop-
ulation and natural resources, with a new
system that is imbalanced. Economic de-
velopment is forcing ecocide on peoples
who were once careful stewards of their
resources. There is already a trend to-
ward widespread environmental deterio-
ration in tribal areas, involving resource
depletion, erosion, plant and animal ex-
tinction, and a disturbing series of other
previously unforeseen changes.
After the initial depopulation suffered
by most tribal peoples during their en-
gulfment by frontiers of national expan-
sion, most tribal populations began to
experience rapid growth. Authorities
generally attribute this growth to the in-
26. troduction of modern medicine and new
health measures and the termination of
intertribal warfare, which lowered mo-
rality rates, as well as to new technology,
which increased food production. Cer-
tainly all of these factors played a part,
but merely lowering mortality rates
would not have produced the rapid pop-
ulation growth that most tribal areas
have experienced if traditional birth-
spacing mechanisms had not been elimi-
nated at the same time. Regardless of
which factors were most important, it is
clear that all of the natural and cultural
checks on population growth have sud-
denly been pushed aside by culture
change, while tribal lands have been
steadily reduced and consumption levels
have risen. In many tribal areas, environ-
mental deterioration due to overuse of
resources has set in, and in other areas
such deterioration is imminent as re-
sources continue to dwindle relative to
the expanding population and increased
use. Of course, population expansion by
tribal peoples may have positive political
consequences, because where tribals can
retain or regain their status as local ma-
jorities they may be in a more favorable
position to defend their resources against
intruders.
Swidden systems and pastoralism,
both highly successful economic sys-
tems under traditional conditions, have
27. proved particularly vulnerable to in-
creased population pressures and outside
efforts to raise productivity beyond its
natural limits. Research in Amazonia
demonstrates that population pressures
and related resource depletion can be
created indirectly by official policies that
restrict swidden peoples to smaller terri-
tories. Resource depletion itself can then
become a powerful means of forcing
tribal people into participating in the
world-market economy—thus leading to
further resource depletion. For example,
Bodley and Benson (1979) showed how
the Shipibo Indians in Peru were forced
to further deplete their forest resources
by cash cropping in the forest area to re-
place the resources that had been de-
stroyed earlier by the intensive cash
cropping necessitated by the narrow con-
fines of their reserve. In this case, certain
species of palm trees that had provided
critical housing materials were destroyed
by forest clearing and had to be replaced
by costly purchased materials. Research
by Gross (1979) and other showed simi-
lar processes at work among four tribal
groups in central Brazil and demon-
strated that the degree of market involve-
ment increases directly with increases in
resource depletion.
The settling of nomadic herders and
the removal of prior controls on herd size
have often led to serious overgrazing and
erosion problems where these had not
28. previously occurred. There are indica-
tions that the desertification problem in
the Sahel region of Africa was aggra-
vated by programs designed to settle no-
mads. The first sign of imbalance in a
swidden system appears when the plant-
ing cycles are shortened to the point that
garden plots are reused before sufficient
forest regrowth can occur. If reclearing
and planting continue in the same area,
the natural patterns of forest succession
may be disturbed irreversibly and the
soil can be impaired permanently. An ex-
tensive tract of tropical rainforest in the
Article 35. The Price of Progress
6
lower Amazon of Brazil was reduced to
a semiarid desert in just fifty years
through such a process (Ackermann,
1964). The soils in the Azande area are
also now seriously threatened with later-
ization and other problems as a result of
the government-promoted cotton devel-
opment scheme (McNeil, 1972).
The dangers of overdevelopment and
the vulnerability of local resource sys-
tems have long been recognized by both
anthropologists and tribal peoples them-
selves. But the pressures for change have
been overwhelming. In 1948 the Maya
29. villagers of Chan Kom complained to
Redfield (1962) about the shortening of
their swidden cycles, which they cor-
rectly attributed to increasing population
pressures. Redfield told them, however,
that they had no choice but to go “for-
ward with technology” (Redfield, 1962:
178). In Assam, swidden cycles were
shortened from an average of twelve
years to only two or three within just
twenty years, and anthropologists
warned that the limits of swiddening
would soon be reached (Burling, 1963:
311–312). In the Pacific, anthropologists
warned of population pressures on lim-
ited resources as early as the 1930s
(Keesing, 1941: 64–65). These warnings
seemed fully justified, considering the
fact that the crowded Tikopians were
prompted by population pressures on
their tiny island to suggest that infanti-
cide be legalized. The warnings have
been dramatically reinforced since then
by the doubling of Micronesia’s popula-
tion in just the fourteen years between
1958 and 1972, from 70,600 to 114,645,
while consumption levels have soared.
By 1985 Micronesia’s population had
reached 162,321.
The environmental hazards of eco-
nomic development and rapid population
growth have become generally recog-
nized only since worldwide concerns
over environmental issues began in the
early 1970s. Unfortunately, there is as
30. yet little indication that the leaders of the
new developing nations are sufficiently
concerned with environmental limita-
tions. On the contrary, governments are
forcing tribal peoples into a self-rein-
forcing spiral of population growth and
intensified resource exploitation, which
may be stopped only by environmental
disaster or the total impoverishment of
the tribals.
The reality of ecocide certainly fo-
cuses attention on the fundamental con-
trasts between tribal and industrial
systems in their use of natural resources,
who controls them, and how they are man-
aged. Tribal peoples are victimized be-
cause they control resources that outsiders
demand. The resources exist because trib-
als managed them conservatively. How-
ever, as with the issue of the health
consequences of detribalization, some
anthropologists minimize the adaptive
achievements of tribal groups and seem
unwilling to concede that ecocide might
be a consequence of cultural change.
Critics attack an exaggerated “noble sav-
age” image of tribals living in perfect
harmony with nature and having no visi-
ble impact on their surroundings. They
then show that tribals do in fact modify
the environment, and they conclude that
there is no significant difference be-
tween how tribals and industrial societ-
ies treat their environments. For
31. example, Charles Wagley declared that
Brazilian Indians such as the Tapirape
are not “natural men.” They have
human vices just as we do.… They
do not live “in tune” with nature
any more than I do; in fact, they
can often be as destructive of their
environment, within their limita-
tions, as some civilized men. The
Tapirape are not innocent or
childlike in any way.
Wagley, 1977: 302
Anthropologist Terry Rambo demon-
strated that the Semang of the Malaysian
rain forests have a measurable impact on
their environment. In his monograph
Primitive Polluters, Rambo (1985) re-
ported that the Semang live in smoke-
filled houses. They sneeze and spread
germs, breathe, and thus emit carbon di-
oxide. They clear small gardens, contrib-
uting “particulate matter” to the air and
disturbing the local climate because
cleared areas proved measurably warmer
and drier than the shady forest. Rambo
concluded that his research “demon-
strates the essential functional similarity
of the environmental interactions of
primitive and civilized societies” (1985:
78) in contrast to a “noble savage” view
(Bodley, 1983) which, according to
Rambo (1985: 2), mistakenly “claims
32. that traditional peoples almost always
live in essential harmony with their envi-
ronment.”
This is surely a false issue. To stress,
as I do, that tribals tend to manage their
resources for sustained yield within rela-
tively self-sufficient subsistence econo-
mies is not to make them either innocent
children or natural men. Nor is it to deny
that tribals “disrupt” their environment
and may never be in absolute “balance”
with nature.
The ecocide issue is perhaps most
dramatically illustrated by two sets of
satellite photos taken over the Brazilian
rain forests of Rôndonia (Allard &
McIntyre, 1988: 780–781). Photos taken
in 1973, when Rôndonia was still a tribal
domain, show virtually unbroken rain
forest. The 1987 satellite photos, taken
after just fifteen years of highway con-
struction and “development” by outsid-
ers, show more than 20 percent of the
forest destroyed. The surviving Indians
were being concentrated by FUNAI
(Brazil’s national Indian foundation)
into what would soon become mere is-
lands of forest in a ravaged landscape. It
is irrelevant to quibble about whether
tribals are noble, childlike, or innocent,
or about the precise meaning of balance
with nature, carrying capacity, or adapta-
tion, to recognize that for the past 200
years rapid environmental deterioration
33. on an unprecedented global scale has fol-
lowed the wresting of control of vast ar-
eas of the world from tribal groups by
resource-hungry industrial societies.
DEPRIVATION AND
DISCRIMINATION
Contact with European culture has
given them a knowledge of great
wealth, opportunity and privilege,
but only very limited avenues by
which to acquire these things.
Crocombe, 1968
Unwittingly, tribal peoples have had the
burden of perpetual relative deprivation
thrust upon them by acceptance—either
by themselves or by the governments ad-
ministering them—of the standards of
ANNUAL EDITIONS
7
socioeconomic progress set for them by
industrial civilizations. By comparison
with the material wealth of industrial so-
cieties, tribal societies become, by defi-
nition, impoverished. They are then
forced to transform their cultures and
work to achieve what many economists
now acknowledge to be unattainable
34. goals. Even though in many cases the
modest GNP goals set by development
planners for the developing nations dur-
ing the “development decade” of the
1960s were often met, the results were
hardly noticeable for most of the tribal
people involved. Population growth, en-
vironmental limitations, inequitable dis-
tribution of wealth, and the continued
rapid growth of the industrialized na-
tions have all meant that both the abso-
lute and the relative gap between the rich
and poor in the world is steadily widen-
ing. The prospect that tribal peoples will
actually be able to attain the levels of re-
source consumption to which they are
being encouraged to aspire is remote in-
deed except for those few groups who
have retained effective control over stra-
tegic mineral resources.
Tribal peoples feel deprivation not
only when the economic goals they have
been encouraged to seek fail to material-
ize, but also when they discover that they
are powerless, second-class citizens who
are discriminated against and exploited
by the dominant society. At the same
time, they are denied the satisfactions of
their traditional cultures, because these
have been sacrificed in the process of
modernization. Under the impact of ma-
jor economic change family life is dis-
rupted, traditional social controls are
often lost, and many indicators of social
anomie such as alcoholism, crime, delin-
35. quency, suicide, emotional disorders,
and despair may increase. The inevitable
frustration resulting from this continual
deprivation finds expression in the cargo
cults, revitalization movements, and a
variety of other political and religious
movements that have been widespread
among tribal peoples following their dis-
ruption by industrial civilization.
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