তারাবীহর রাক'আত সংখ্যা - একটি তাত্ত্বিক বিশ্লেষণ লেখক- মুযাফফর বিন মুহসিন Tarabih er rakatshonkhabymuzeffer

Zvivexn&i ivKÔAvZ msL¨v : GKwU ZvwË¡K we‡k−lY2
Zvivexni ivKÔAvZ msL¨v : GKwU ZvwË¡K we‡k−lY
cÖKvkK:
nv‡dh gyKviig
evDmv †n`vZxcvov, †Zu_ywjqv, evNv, ivRkvnx|
†gvevBj: 01715-249694, 01722-684490
cÖ_g cÖKvk:
†deª“qvix 2009 L„t
dvêyb 1415 evsjv
mdi 1430 wnRix
wØZxq ms¯‹iY:
AvM÷ 2010
me©¯^Z¡ †jL‡Ki
K‡¤úvR:
AvQ-wQivZ Kw¤úDUvm©
bI`vcvov, mcyiv, ivRkvnx
†dvbt 01722-684490
gy`ª‡Y:
ˆekvLx †cÖm, †Mvinv½v, ivRkvnx|
wba©vwiZ g~j¨: 35 (cuqwÎk) UvKv gvÎ|
TARABIHR RAKAT SONGKHA : AKTI TATTIK BISLASION By
Muzaffar Bin Muhsin Published by: Hafiz Mukarram Bausha
Hedatipara, Tethulia,
Bagha, Rajshahi, February 2009.
Mobile: 01715-249694; 01722-684490
Fixed Price: 20.00 only.

Zvivexn&i ivKÔAvZ msL¨v : GKwU ZvwË¡K we‡k−lY 3
m~PxcÎ
f~wgKv 4
cÖ_g Aa¨vq
1. 8 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexni AKvU¨ cÖgvY 7
2. Qvnvex‡ì hy‡M Zvivexn&i QvjvZ 10
wØZxq Aa¨vq
1. gynvwÏQM‡Yi Zx¶è `„wó‡Z 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi eY©bv mg~n 12
2. GKRb Qvnvexi bv‡g D×„Z 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi eY©bv 15
3. Ab¨vb¨‡ì bv‡g D×„Z 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi eY©bv 17
Z…Zxq Aa¨vq
wek¦weL¨vZ gynvwÏQ Ijvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi e³e¨
(M) RMZ‡kªô Ijvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi e³e¨
(N) cÖL¨vZ nvbvdx Ijvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi e³e¨
PZz_© Aa¨vq
1. Pvi Bgv‡gi `„wó‡Z Zvivexni Qvjv‡Zi ivKÔAvZ msL¨v 18
2. Bgvg‡ì bv‡g D×„Z wZiwghxi e³‡eï ch©v‡jvPbv 19
3. Bgvg Beby Zvqwgqvi e³‡eï Ace¨vL¨v 21
4. `yBwU we‡kl g~jbxwZ
cÂg Aa¨vq
wewfbœ cÖZviYv I Ac‡KŠkj
1. 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi Dci BRgv `vex; wbw®Œq cÖeÂbvi be ms¯‹iY
2. †Luvov hyw³i AeZviYv; m~h©wKiY †iv‡a †RvbvwKi Avùvjb
3. Abyev` I UxKv-wUàbx; kixÔAvZ weK…wZi bZzb GK cš’v
(K) kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv AvwRRyj nK-Gi eyLvixi Abyev` cÖm½
(L) AvaywbK cÖKvkbx KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ Qnxn eyLvixi Abyev`
(M) wgkKv‡Zi Abyev` cÖm½
4. Zvivexn kã wb‡q weåvwš—
5. hCd I Rvj nv`x‡Qi c‡¶ IKvjwZ
6. g°v I g`xbvi gmwR‡ì Zvivexn wb‡q mskq
7. nv`xQ weK…wZi `ytmvnm
Dcmsnvi:
cwiwkó

wemwgj−v-wni ingv-wbi inxg
f~wgKv:
ÔQvjvZzZ ZvivexnÕ GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© bdj QvjvZ| ivgvhvb gv‡m wQqvg cvj‡bi
cvkvcvwk A‡Xj †bKx AR©‡bi Rb¨ hZ¸‡jv gva¨g i‡q‡Q Zvi g‡a¨ Zvivexn
Ab¨Zg| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) D³ QvjvZ Av`v‡qi cÖwZ Drmvne¨ÄK fvlvq DØy×
K‡i‡Qb| Qvnvex‡ì wb‡q ¸i“‡Z¡i mv‡_ Av`vq K‡i Zvivexni cªwZ Av‡iv †ekx
AvK…ó K‡i‡Qb| ZvB 11 gv‡mi i¶Ykvjv ˆZwii we‡kl j‡¶¨ ZvK¡Iqvi cuywR mÂq
Kiv meviB KZ©e¨| Z‡e Aek¨B Zv Av`vq Ki‡Z n‡e MÖnY‡hvM¨ c×wZ‡Z, hv‡Z
cwikªg wed‡j bv hvq| Avj−vn&i wbKU Bev`Z MÖnY‡hvM¨ nIqvi Rb¨ cÖavb `yÕwU kZ©
i‡q‡Q| (1) GKgvÎ Avj−vn&i mš‘wói Rb¨ Av`vq Kiv| (2) H Bev`Z ivm~j (Qvt)
†h c×wZ‡Z Av`vq K‡i‡Qb †mB c×wZ‡Z Av`vq Kiv| (m~iv Kvnd 110; gymwjg
nv/4468, 2/77)| AZGe †h AvgjB †nvK bv †Kb †mB Avgj I Zvi c×wZ MÖnY
Ki‡Z n‡e †Kej cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xQ †_‡K| a‡g©i bv‡g mgv‡R cÖPwjZ
†Kvb hCd I Rvj nv`xQ MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq|
QvjvZ Av`v‡qi c×wZ m¤ú‡K© ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi we‡kl wb‡`©k nÕj, Ô†Zvgiv
†mfv‡eB QvjvZ Av`vq Ki †hfv‡e Avgv‡K QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡Z †`LQÕ (eyLvix
nv/631, 1/88; wgkKvZ nv/683)| ZvB Zvivexni QvjvZI †mfv‡eB Av`vq Ki‡Z n‡e
†hfv‡e wZwb Av`vq K‡i‡Qb| me©vwaK weï× nv`xQMÖš’ Qnxn eyLvix I gymwjgmn
Ab¨vb¨ nv`xQ MÖ‡š’i Qnxn nv`xQ mg~‡ni gva¨‡g cªgvwYZ nq †h, ivm~j (Qvt) I
Qvnvev‡q †Kivg Zvivexni QvjvZ 8 ivKÔAvZB c‡o‡Qb| c¶vš—‡i 20 ivKÔAvZ
Zvivexni c‡¶ †h mg¯— eY©bv G‡m‡Q Zvi me¸‡jvB Rvj wKsev hCd A_ev gybKvi,
hv wek¦‡kªô wiRvjwe`M‡Yi M‡elYv Øviv cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| A_P gymwjg D¤§vni GKwU
e„nr Ask D³ hCd I Rvj nv`xQ, `jxq †Muvovgx Ges Ace¨vL¨vi Kvi‡Y Qnxn mybœvn
†gvZv‡eK Zvivexn cov †_‡K ewÂZ n‡”Q|
mijcÖvY mvaviY gvbyl †hb cÖeÂbvc~Y© D³ AÜ †eovRvj, J×Z¨c~Y© wjLbx I
Kzi“wPc~Y© e³e¨ †_‡K wd‡i G‡m GK KvZv‡i kvwgj n‡q Qnxn `jx‡ji AbymiY
Ki‡Z cv‡i †m Rb¨B Avgv‡ì GB HKvwš—K cÖ‡Póv| †m j‡¶¨ wbeÜwU M‡elYv
cwÎKv gvwmK AvZ-ZvnixK 7g el© A‡±vei I b‡f¤î 2003 msL¨vq cÖKvwkZ
n‡q‡Q| Avgiv 8 ivKÔAv‡Zi c‡¶ weï× `jxj †ck Kivi cvkvcvwk gynvwÏQM‡Yi
m~² g~jbxwZi Av‡jv‡K 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi eY©bv¸‡jvi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv we‡k−lY K‡iwQ|
Avkv Kwi †jLvwU mwVK c‡_i AbymÜvbx I wbi‡c¶ ü`‡qi AwaKvix e¨w³i Rb¨
w`kvix we‡ewPZ n‡e BbkvAvj−vn| wg_¨v civf~Z †nvK, gnv mZ¨ weRqx †nvK GB
cÖv_©bv KiwQ gnvb Avj−vni kv‡b- Avgxb!!
webxZ
†jLK

cÖ_g Aa¨vqcÖ_g Aa¨vqcÖ_g Aa¨vqcÖ_g Aa¨vq
8 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn8 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn8 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn8 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn&&&&iiii
AKvU¨ cÖgvYAKvU¨ cÖgvYAKvU¨ cÖgvYAKvU¨ cÖgvY

Zvivexn&i ivKÔAvZ msL¨v : GKwU ZvwË¡K we‡k−lY
8 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn&i AKvU¨ cÖgvY
)(
)(
.
(1) Avey mvjvgv Beby Ave`yi ingvb (ivt) GK`v Av‡qkv (ivt)-†K wR‡Ám
K‡ib †h, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi ivgvhv‡bi iv‡Zi1
QvjvZ †Kgb wQj? DË‡i wZwb e‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv
mvj−vg) ivgvhvb gv‡m Ges ivgvhv‡bi evB‡i 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi †ekx QvjvZ
Av`vq Ki‡Zb bv| wZwb cÖ_‡g (2+2) Pvi ivKÔAvZ co‡Zb| Zzwg (Avey
mvjvgv) Zvi †mŠ›`h© I `xN©Zv m¤ú‡K© wR‡Ám K‡iv bv| AZtci wZwb (2+2)
Pvi ivKÔAvZ co‡Zb| Zzwg Zvi †mŠ›`h© I `xN©Zv m¤ú‡K© wR‡Ám K‡iv bv|
AZtci wZwb wZb ivKÔAvZ (weZi) co‡Zb|
nv`xQwU cÖvq mKj nv`xQ MÖ‡š’B ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|2
Gi weï×Zv m¤ú‡K©
Av‡jvPbvi cÖkœB D‡V bv| KviY Bgvg eyLvix (194-256 wnt) I gymwjg
(204-261 wnt) ¯^ ¯^ Qnxn MÖ‡š’ GwU eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|
1. Bgvg Aveyj ûmvBb gymwjg web nv¾vR Avj-KzkvBix, Qnxn gymwjg (wiqvh: `vi“m
mvjvg, 2000/1421), nv/1726; †`Ie›` Qvcv: AvQvnûj gvZ¡v‡eÕ, 1986), 1g LÊ, c„t
255| D³ nv`x‡Q ÔivZÕ kãwUi D‡j−L i‡q‡Q|
2. Bgvg Avey Avãyj−vn gynv¤§v` web BmgvCj Avj-eyLvix, Qnxn eyLvix (wiqvh: gvKZvevZz
`vwim mvjvg, 1999 L„t/1417 wnt), nv/2013, 1147 I 3569; KivPx Qvcv: K¡v`xgx
KzZzeLvbv, AvQvnûj gvZ¡v‡eÕ, 2q cÖKvkt 1381wnt/1961L„t), 1g LÊ, c„t 269,
ÔZvivexn&i QvjvZÕ Aa¨vq-31, Ô†h ivgvhvb gv‡m ivwÎi QvjvZ Av`vq K‡i Zvi dhxjZÕ
Aby‡”Q`-1; Av‡iv `ªt 1g LÊ, c„t 154 I 504; e½vbyev` Qnxn eyLvix (XvKv: BmjvwgK
dvD‡Ûkb, AvMviMuvI, †k‡ievsjv bMi, lô ms¯‹iY, AvM÷-2006), 3q LÊ, c„t 293,
nv/1886 (1883); nv‡dh Be‡b nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx, dvrûj evix kviû Qnxwnj eyLvix
(ˆei“Z: `vi“j KzZzwej Bjwgqvn, 1989/1410), 4_© LÊ, c„t 315, nv/2013; Qnxn

we‡kl K‡i Bgvg eyLvix (int) nv`xQwU ÔZvivexni
QvjvZÕ Aa¨v‡q eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|3
wZwb ÔZvnv¾y`Õ Aa¨v‡q Ôivgvhvb I Ab¨
gv‡m ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi ivwÎi QvjvZÕ Aby‡”Q‡Ì
nv`xQwU D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb|4
GQvovI Ab¨ Av‡iKwU Aa¨v‡q nv`xQwU eY©bv
K‡i‡Qb|5
D‡j−L¨ †h, Bgvg eyLvix (int) D³ wk‡ivbvg D‡j−L Ki‡jI fviZ
Dcgnv‡`‡ki Qvcv Qnxn eyLvix †_‡K Zv ev` †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| KviY nj,
cÖ_gZt gymwjg mgv‡R wg_¨vPvi Kiv nq †h, ÔAv‡qkv (ivt)-Gi D³ nv`x‡Q
Zvnv¾y‡ì K_v ejv n‡q‡QÕ, ÔZvivexn I Zvnv¾y` c„_K QvjvZÕ, ÔZvivexn 20
ivKÔAvZ Avi Zvnv¾y` 11 ivKÔAvZÕ BZ¨vw`| wKš‘ Bgvg eyLvixi wk‡ivbv‡gi
gva¨‡g D³ `vex¸‡jv wg_¨v cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| wØZxqZ: Qnxn eyLvixi cvV`vb I
cvVMÖnYKvix j¶ j¶ wk¶K-QvÎ I Ijvgv‡q †Kivg‡K †auvKv †Ìqvi †Póv
Kiv n‡q‡Q| KviY Bgvg eyLvixi welqwU hLb Zviv eyS‡Z cvi‡eb ZLb
Zv‡ì wbKU welqwU cwi®‹vi n‡q hv‡e †h, Zvivexni QvjvZ 8 ivKÔAvZ; 20
ivKÔAvZ bq| ZvB GB b¨°viRbK †KŠkj Aej¤^b Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avgiv
`„pfv‡e wek¦vm Kwi †h, Qj-PvZzix K‡i Bmjvgx kixÔAvZ‡K KL‡bv †Mvcb
gymwjg nv/1723 I 1720, 1g LÊ, c„t 254, Ôgymvwd‡ii QvjvZÕ Aa¨vq-7, Ôiv‡Zi
QvjvZ I ivm~‡ji Qvjv‡Zi ivKÔAvZ msL¨vÕ Aby‡”Q`-17; Qnxn mybv‡b Avey`vE`,
ZvnK¡xK¡: kvqL bvwQi“Ïxb Avjevbx (wiqvh: gvKZvevZzj gvÔAvwid, 1998/1419),
nv/1341, 1g LÊ, c„t 367, ÔQvjvZÕ Aa¨vq, ÔivwÎi QvjvZÕ Aby‡”Q`-316; Qnxn mybvbyZ
wZiwghx, ZvnK¡xK¡: kvqL gynv¤§v` bvwQi“Ïxb Avjevbx (wiqvh: gvKZvevZzj gvÔAvwid,
Zvwe), nv/439, 1g LÊ, c„t 99, ÔQvjvZÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-213; Qnxn bvmvC ZvnK¡xK¡:
kvqL bvwQi“Ïxb Avjevbx (wiqvh: gvKZvevZzj gvÔAvwid, Zvwe), nv/1697, 1g LÊ, c„t
191; Bgvg AveyeKi gynv¤§v` web BmnvK¡ Beby Lyhvqgvn Avb-bxmveyix, Qnxn Beby
Lyhvqgvn, ZvnK¡xK¡: W. gynv¤§v` gyQZ¡dv Avj-AvRgx (êi“Z: Avj-gvKZveyj Bmjvgx,
1390), 2q LÊ, c„t 192, nv/1166; Bgvg gv‡jK web Avbvm, Avj-gyIqvË¡v (êi“Z:
`vi“j KzZze Avj-Bjwgqvn, Zvwe), 1g LÊ, c„t 120; | Bgvg Avngv` web nv¤^j,
gymbv`yj Bgvg Avngv` (†RÏv: gvKZvevZzj Lvhvi, 1996/1417), 6ô LÊ, 1g Ask, c„t
466 (6/104), nv/24844 I H LÊ, c„t 157 (6/36), nv/24182; evqnvK¡x, mybvbyj
Kzeiv nv/4614, 2/698 c„t; Qnxn Avey AvIqvbvn 2/327 c„t; bvmvC, mybvbyj Kzeiv
2/609 c„t; H, Avj-gyRZev 2/721 c„t cÖgyL|
3. Qnxn eyLvix nv/2013, 1g LÊ, c„t 269|
4. -Qnxn eyLvix 1g LÊ, c„t
154, nv/1147|
5. Qnxn eyLvix 1g LÊ, c„t 504, nv/3569, ÔgvbvwK¡eÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-24|

Kiv hvq bv| Qnxn eyLvix ïay Dcgnv‡`‡kB Qvcv nq bv; eis we‡k¦i eû †`‡k
Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv Zvi Qvcv‡bvi eë¯’v K‡i †i‡L‡Qb| ZvB wmwiqv, wgmi,
Kz‡qZ, †jevbb, mE`x Aviemn Ab¨vb¨ †`‡k Qnxn eyLvix hZ evi Qvcv‡bv
n‡q‡Q †mLv‡bB D³ wk‡ivbvg envj i‡q‡Q, Zv cyivZb †nvK Avi bZzb †nvK|
Avd‡mvm! nK¡ †Mvcb Kivi GB †KŠkjx eëmv Avi KZ w`b Pj‡e!!
D³ nv`xQ †_‡K ¯úófv‡e cÖgvwYZ nq †h, ivgvhvb gv‡m †nvK Avi Ab¨ gv‡m
†nvK ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) ivwÎi QvjvZ 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi
†ekx co‡Zb bv| hvi g‡a¨ AvU ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn ev Zvnv¾y` Avi wZb
ivKÔAvZ weZi| Av‡iv cÖgvwYZ nÕj †h, Zvivexn I Zvnv¾y` GKB QvjvZ,
wfbœ †Kvb QvjvZ bq| ZvB Bgvg eyLvix nv`xQwU ÔZvnv¾y`Õ Qvjv‡Zi Aa¨v‡qI
eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|6
D³ nv`x‡Qi weï×Zv m¤ú‡K© Ø¨_©nxb K‡É ejv hvq †h, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû
AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi ivwÎi QvjvZ A_©vr Zvivexn I Zvnv¾y‡ì ivKÔAvZ
msL¨vi e¨vcv‡i Gi †P‡q AwaK weï× nv`xQ c„w_ex‡Z Avi †bB| GQvov Avey
mvjvgv Av‡qkv (ivt)-†K ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi
ivgvhvb gv‡mi ivwÎi QvjvZ m¤ú‡K©B wR‡Ám K‡iwQ‡jb| Avi ZviB Rev‡e
wZwb 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi K_v D‡j−L K‡ib|
Av‡iv ¯úó nq †h, nv`xQwU eY©bv K‡i‡Qb gv Av‡qkv (ivt)| Avi ivm~j
(Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi ivwÎKvjxb Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© Ab¨vb¨‡ì †P‡q
gv Av‡qkv (ivt)-B me‡P‡q †ekx Rvb‡eb| †hgbwU nv‡dh Be‡b nvRvi
AvmK¡vjvbx (773-852 wnt) D³ nv`x‡Qi Av‡jvPbvq e‡jb,
.
Ôivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi ivwÎi Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© Ab¨‡ì †P‡q
wZwbB †ekx Rvb‡eb GUvB ¯^vfvweKÕ|7
AZGe Øx‡bi cÖK…Z Abymvix‡ì Rb¨
GB GKwU nv`xQB h‡_ó|
6. Qnxn eyLvix nv/1147, 1g LÊ, c„t 154, ÔZvnv¾y` QvjvZÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-16|
7. nv‡dh Be‡b nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx, dvrûj evix kviû Qnxwnj eyLvix (êi“Z: `vi“j KzZze
Avj-Bjwgqvn, 1989 L„t/1410 wnt), 4_© LÊ, c„t 319, nv/2013-Gi Av‡jvPbv `ªt|

)(
..
.
(2) Rvwei Beby Ave`yj−vn (ivt) e‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv
mvj−vg) ivgvhvb gv‡m Avgv‡ì mv‡_ 8 ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ Av`vq K‡i‡Qb Ges
weZi c‡o‡Qb..|
nv`xQwU K‡qKwU m~‡Î nvmvb mb‡` ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|8
Avj−vgv hvnvex (673-748
wnt) Zuvi Ôgxhvbyj BÔwZ`vjÕ MÖ‡š’ nv`xQwU D‡j−L Kivi ci e‡jb, Ônv`xQwUi
mb` DËg ¯—‡iiÕ A_©vr nvmvb|9
kvqL bvwQi“Ïxb Avjevbx (int) e‡jb,
Ônv`xQwUi mb` nvmvbÕ|10
Beby Lyhvqgvi gynvw°K¡ W. gynv¤§v` gyQZ¡dv Avj-
AvÔRvgx e‡jb, ÔGi mb` nvmvbÕ|11
D‡j−L¨, nv`xQwU‡K †KD †KD Î“wUc~Y©
ej‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| wKš‘ Zv‡ì `vex mwVK bq|
)(
8. Avj−vgv kvgmyj nK¡ Avhxgvev`x, AvIbyj gvÔe~` ki‡n Avey`vE` (êi“Z: `vi“j KzZze
Avj-Bjwgqvn, Zvwe), 4_© LÊ, c„t 175; nv/1372-Gi Av‡jvPbv `ªt; wKqvgyj jvBj
nv/114, c„t 90; Qnxn Be‡b Lyhvqgvn nv/1070, 2/138 c„t, ÔweZi QvjvZÕ Aa¨vq;
gynv¤§v` Beby wneŸvb, Qnxn Be‡b wneŸvb (‰ei“Z: gyAvmmvmvZzi wimvjvn,
1993/1414), nv/2409 I 2415, 6 lô LÊ, c„t 169 I 173, Bnmvb mn nv/2407,
6/169-70 c„t; ZveivYx, Avj-gyÔRvgyQ QvMxi, 2q LÊ, c„t 127, nv/526; b~i“Ïxb Avjx
web AveyeKi Avj-nvqQvgx, gvRgvDh hvIqv‡q` (êi“Z: `vi“j wdKi, 1412), 3/402
c„t, nv/5020; gymbv‡` Avey Bqvjv cÖf„wZ|
9. -Bgvg hvnvex, gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj dx bvK¡wì wiRvj (êi“Z: `vi“j
gvÔ‡idvn, Zvwe), 3/311-12 c„t|
10. -gynv¤§v` bvwQi“Ïxb Avjevbx, QvjvZzZ Zvivexn (êi“Z: Avj-gvKZveyj
Bmjvgx, wØZxq cÖKvk: 1985 L„t/1405 wnt), c„t 18; dvrûj evix 3/16 c„t, nv/1129-
Gi Av‡jvPbv `ªt|
11. -Qnxn Be‡b Lyhvqgvn nv/1070-Gi UxKv `ªt, 2q LÊ, c„t 138|

.
(3) Rvwei Beby Avãyj−vn (ivt) e‡jb, GK`v DevB Beby KvÔe (ivt) ivm~j
(Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi wbK‡U Dcw¯’Z n‡q e‡jb, †n Avj−vn&i
ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)! ivgvhv‡bi ivwÎ‡Z Avgvi c¶ †_‡K
GKwU NUbv N‡U †M‡Q| wZwb ej‡jb, †n DevB †mUv Kx? ZLb DevB Beby
KvÔe ej‡jb, gwnjviv Avgvi evox‡Z Dcw¯’Z n‡q ejj, Avgiv KziAvb
†ZjvIqvZ Ki‡Z Rvwb bv, ZvB Avgiv Avcbvi Qvjv‡Zi mv‡_ QvjvZ Av`vq
Ki‡Z cvwi wK?| AZtci Avwg Zv‡ì mv‡_ 8 ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ Av`vq K‡iwQ
Ges weZi c‡owQ| G‡Z ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) †Kvb gš—e¨
Ki‡jb bv| ZvB GUv †gŠb m¤§wZg~jK mybœvZ|12
Bgvg nvqQvgx (int) e‡jb, Ônv`xQwUi mb` nvmvbÕ|13
kvqL Avjevbx e‡jb,
ÔAvgvi wbKU nv`xQwUi mb` nvmvb nIqviB cÖgvY enb K‡iÕ|14
D‡j−L¨, D³
nv`xQ m¤ú‡K© gvIjvbv bxgfx nvbvdxmn †KD †KD nvjKv gš—e¨ K‡i‡Qb|
Avãyi ingvb gyeviKcyix (int) D³ gš—‡eï wei“‡× Bgvg hvnvex I Beby
nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbxi fvl¨ †ck K‡i ch©v‡jvPbv‡š— e‡jb,
.
12. gvRgvDh hvIqv‡q` nv/2387, 2q LÊ, c„t 222; gynv¤§v` Beby bvQi Avj-gviƒhx,
wK¡qvgy ivgvhvb, c„t 18; Aveyj K¡v‡mg myjvqgvb Beby Avngv` AvZ-ZveivYx, Avj-
gyÔRvgyj AvImvZ¡ (Kvq‡iv: `vi“j nvivgvBb, 1415), 4/108, nv/3731; Avey Bqvjv
4/369, nv/1761; Ave`yj−vn Beby Avngv`, Avj-gymbv` 5/115 c„t|
13. -gvRgvDh hvIqv‡q` 2/222 c„t; Bgvg Avãyi ingvb gyeviKcyix,
ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx weki‡n Rv‡gDZ wZiwghx (êi“Z: `vi“j KzZze Avj-Bjwgqvn,
1990/1410), ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx 3/442 c„t|
14. -QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 68|

ÔmyZivs wm×vš— nÕj- Gi mb` DËg| Avi GUvB mwVK| Beby Lyhvqgvn I Beby
wneŸvb GB nv`xQ‡K Zv‡ì `yB Qnxn MÖ‡š’ D‡j−L Kivq Zv‡K Av‡iv kw³kvjx
K‡i‡Q| myZivs bxgfx Kx e‡j‡Qb Zvi w`‡K åƒ‡¶c Kivi cÖ‡qvRb †bB|
GQvovI Av‡qkv (ivt)-Gi nv`xQ Rv‡e‡ii nv`x‡Qi mv¶xÕ|15
mivmwi ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi c¶ †_‡K gvid‚Õ m~‡Î
ewY©Z DcwiD³ Qnxn nv`xQ mg~‡ni gva¨‡g AKvU¨fv‡e cÖgvwYZ nÕj †h,
Zvivexni QvjvZ 8 ivKÔAvZ; Gi †ekx bq| ZvB kvqL Avjevbx (int) D³
`jxj mg~n †ck Kivi ci e‡jb,
.
Ôhv c~‡e© Dwj−wLZ nj Zv‡Z Avgv‡ì wbKU ¯úó n‡q‡Q †h, ivwÎi Qvjv‡Zi
ivKÔAvZ msL¨v nÕj 11, hv ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi Avgj
†_‡K Qnxn `jx‡ji gva¨‡g cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| hLb Avgiv welqwU Mfxifv‡e
Dcjwä Kwi ZLb Avgv‡ì wbKU wèv‡jv‡Ki b¨vq ¯úó nq †h, ivm~jyj−vn
(Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) Zuvi my`xN© Rxe‡b GB msL¨vi DciB Ae¨vnZ
avivq Avgj K‡i‡Qb| Gi AwZwi³ wKQz K‡ibwb- Zv ivgvhvb gv‡m †nvK ev
Zvi evB‡i †nvKÕ|16
AZGe D¤§‡Z gynv¤§v`xi Dc‡i Acwinvh© KZ©e¨ nÕj, ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû
AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi GB mybœvZ‡K k³fv‡e nv‡Z ùv‡Z AuvK‡o aiv|
KviY wZwb †Kvb wel‡q wm×vš— w`‡j †m wel‡q †Kvb gymwjg bi-bvixi
†¯^”QvcÖ‡Yvw`Z n‡q wKQy Kivi AwaKvi _v‡K bv| hw` †KD Avj−vn I Zuvi
ivm~‡ji wm×v‡š—i evB‡i hvq Zvn‡j †m c_åó n‡e| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb,
15. ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx 3/442|
16. QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 22|

.
ÔAvi Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~j †Kvb wel‡q wm×vš— w`‡j †Kvb gywgb cyi“l ev †Kvb
gywgb bvixi †m wel‡q wfbœ wm×v‡š—i AwaKvi _v‡K bv| †h Avj−vn I Zuvi
ivm~j‡K Agvb¨ Ki‡e †m ¯úóB c_åó n‡eÕ (m~iv Avnhve 36)| Ab¨Î Avj−vn
e‡jb,
.
ÔAvcbvi cÖwZcvj‡Ki kc_! Zviv gywgb n‡Z cvi‡e bv hZ¶Y ch©š— Zviv
Zv‡ì weev`-wem¤^v‡ì wePvifvi Avcbvi Dci Ac©Y bv Ki‡e; AZtci
Avcbvi †Ìqv wm×vš— m¤^‡Ü Zv‡ì g‡b †Kvb wØav _vK‡e bv Ges
me©vš—Ki‡Y Zv †g‡b †b‡eÕ (m~iv wbmv 65)|
Av‡iv wbw`©ó K‡i ejv n‡q‡Q †h, †Kvb wel‡q gZv‰bK¨ †`Lv w`‡j Avj−vn I
Zuvi ivm~‡ji wm×v‡š—i w`‡K wd‡i †h‡Z n‡e| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb,
.
Ô†n gywgbMY! †Zvgiv Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji AvbyMZ¨ Ki Ges †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨
whwb kvmK Zvi| †Zvgv‡ì gv‡S †Kvb wel‡q gZ‡f` nÕ†j †mUv‡K Avj−vn I
ivm~‡ji w`‡K wdwi‡q `vI, hw` †Zvgiv Avj−vn I AvwLiv‡Zi cÖwZ wek¦vmx n‡q
_vK| GUvB Kj¨vYKi I cwiYwZi w`K †_‡K DËgÕ (m~iv wbmv 59)|
D³ Ø¨_©nxb †NvlYv m‡Ë¡I hw` ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi
mybœv‡Zi we‡ivwaZv Kiv nq ZvnÕ†j BnKv‡j I ciKv‡j Gi cwiYwZ n‡e
AZ¨š— gg©vwš—K| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjvi †NvlYv,

.
ÔAZGe hviv ivm~‡ji Av‡`‡ki wei“×vPviY K‡i Zviv G wel‡q mZK© †nvK
†h, Zv‡ì‡K gnv wech©q cvKovI Ki‡e (`ywbqv‡Z) A_ev hš¿Yv`vqK kvw¯—
Zv‡ì‡K MÖvm Ki‡eÕ (m~iv b~i 63)| gynv¤§v` (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-
Gi Av`‡k©i we‡ivax nIqvi Kvi‡YB AvR wek¦e¨vcx gymwjg D¤§vni GB gnv
wech©q| ciKvj n‡e Av‡iv fqven| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv Avgv‡ì‡K Zuvi ivm~‡ji
wek¦ weRqx gnvb Av`‡k©i w`‡K wd‡i hvIqvi ZvIdxK¡ `vb Ki“b- Avgxb!!
Qvnvex‡ì hy‡M Zvivexn&i QvjvZ:
gymwjg mgv‡R cÖPvi Kiv nq †h, Igi I Avjx (ivt) Df‡qB wek (20)
ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn Pvjy K‡iwQ‡jb| K_vwU Wvnv wg_¨v| KviY D³ `vexi
cÖgv‡Y †h mg¯— eY©bv cÖPwjZ Av‡Q Zv hCd I Rvj| hv wØZxq Aa¨v‡q
Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| myZivs D³ cÖPviYv †_‡K weiZ _vKv Avek¨K| Ab¨_v
gh©v`vevb RvbœvZx QvnvexM‡Yi Dci wg_¨v Acev` †Ìqv n‡e| KviY Zuviv
KL‡bv ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi Avg‡ji wecix‡Z 20
ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn c‡obwb, wb‡`©kI †`bwb| eis Zuviv 11 ivKÔAv‡ZiB
wb‡`©k w`‡qwQ‡jb| wb‡gœ G wel‡q Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv nÕj-
)(
...
(4) mv‡qe Beby Bqvhx` (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z, wZwb e‡jb, ÔIgi (ivt) DevB
Beby KvÔe I Zvgxg Av`-`vix (ivt)-†K †jvK‡ì‡K wb‡q 11 ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ
Av`vq Kivi wb‡`©k cÖ`vb K‡ibÕ| ...
DcwiD³ nv`xQwU A‡bK¸‡jv nv`xQ MÖ‡š’ wewfbœ mb‡` ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| hvi
me¸‡jvB Qnxn|17
Avj−vgv bxgfx nvbvdx (int) Zuvi ÔAvQvi“m mybvbÕ MÖ‡š’
17. gyIqvË¡v gv‡jK 1/115 c„t, Ôivgvhvb gv‡m ivwÎi QvjvZÕ Aby‡”Q`; Qnxn Be‡b Lyhvqgvn
4/698 c„t; mvC` Beby gvbQ~i, Avm-mybvb; wK¡qvgyj jvBj, c„t 91; AveyeKi Avb-
bxmvcyix, Avj-dvIqv‡q` 1/135 c„t; evqnvK¡x, Avj-gvÔ‡idvn; wdiBqvex 1/76 c„t I
2/75 c„t; Avjevbx, ZvnK¡xK¡ wgkKvZ (êi“Z: Avj-gvKZveyj Bmjvgx, 1985/1405),

nv`xQwUi mb` m¤ú‡K© e‡jb, ÔGB nv`x‡Qi mb` QnxnÕ|18
kvqL Avjevbx
e‡jb,
...
.
ÔGB nv`x‡Qi mb` AZxe weï×| KviY mv‡qe Beby Bqvhx` GKRb Qvnvex|
wZwb †QvU‡Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi mv‡_ n¾
K‡i‡QbÕ|19
Ab¨Î wZwb e‡jb,
.
ÔAvwg ejwQ, GB nv`x‡Qi mb` AZ¨š— Qnxn| †Kbbv Gi ivex gynv¤§v` Beby
BDmyd Bgvg gv‡jK (int)-Gi DmZv`| mK‡ji HKg‡Z¨ wZwb GKRb
AZ¨š— wbf©i‡hvM¨ ivex| ZvQvov Bgvg eyLvix I gymwjg Zuvi nv`xQ Øviv `jxj
MÖnY K‡i‡QbÕ|20
we‡kl ÁvZe¨: gyIqvË¡vi fvl¨Kvi Avj−vgv hviK¡vbx Beby Avwãj evi©-Gi e³e¨
D×„Z K‡i‡Qb †h, wZwb e‡j‡Qb, Bgvg gv‡jK Qvov Ab¨ †KD 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi
K_v eY©bv K‡ibwb; eis mevB ( ) 21 ivKÔAvZ eY©bv K‡i‡Qb,
hv gyQvbœvd Avãyi ivhhv‡K ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Aek¨ c‡iB Avj−vgv hviKvbx Beby
Avwãj evi©-Gi D³ e³‡e¨i cÖwZev` K‡i‡Qb| KviY 21 ivKÔAvZ ms vš—
D³ e³e¨ Pig weåvwš—Ki| Bgvg gv‡jK QvovI Av‡iv A‡b‡KB 11
1/407 c„t, nv/1302-Gi UxKv mn `ªt; Dcgnv‡`kxq Qvcv wgkKvZ, c„t 115; e½vbyev`
†gkKvZ, 3/152 c„t, nv/1228, Ôivgvhvb gv‡m iv‡Zi QvjvZÕ Aby‡”Q`|
18. -ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx 3q LÊ, c„t 442|
19. gynv¤§v` bvwQi“Ïxb Avjevbx, BiIqvDj Mvjxj dx ZvLixwR Avnv`xwQ gvbvwim mvexj
(ˆei“Z: Avj-gvKZveyj Bmjvgx, 2q cÖKvkt 1985/1405 wnt), 2q LÊ, c„t 192-93,
nv/445-Gi Av‡jvPbv `ªt; QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 45-46|

ivKÔAv‡Zi D³ nv`xQ eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| AveyeKi bxmvcyix,21
wdiBqvex,22
evqnvK¡x,23
BqvnBqv Beby mvC` Avj-K¡vZ¡vb,24
BmgvCj Beby DgvBqv, Dmvgv
Beby hv‡q`, gynv¤§v` Beby BmnvK¡, BmgvCj Beby RvÔdi cÖgyL Igi (ivt)
wb‡`©wkZ 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi nv`xQ eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|25
ZvB Avãyi ingvb
gyeviKcyix D³ e³‡eï cÖwZev` K‡i e‡jb,
.
ÔAvwg ejwQ, Ô11 ivKÔAvZ Î“wUc~Y©Õ Beby Avãyj evi©-Gi GB e³e¨ Avgvi
wbKU wbZvš—B evwZjÕ|26
kvqL Avj−vgv Ievq`yj−vn gyeviKcyix (g„t 1994 L„t) wgkKvZzj gvQvexn-Gi
RMwØL¨vZ fvl¨ ÔwgiÔAvZzj gvdvZxnÕ MÖ‡š’ Igi (iv)-Gi nv`x‡Qi Av‡jvPbvq
e‡jb,
..
.
ÔIgi (ivt) †h ivgvhvb gv‡m iv‡Zi Qvjv‡Zi Rb¨ †jvK‡ì‡K GKwÎZ
K‡iwQ‡jb Ges wZwb †h Zv‡ì‡K weZi mn 11 ivKÔAvZ K‡i covi wb‡`©k
w`‡qwQ‡jb, GB nv`xQ Zvi cÖvgvY¨ `jxj| GQvov Zuvi hy‡M mKj Qvnvex I
Zv‡eCMYI †h Zvivexni QvjvZ 11 ivKÔAvZB co‡Zb GwU ZviI my¯úó
21. H, Avj-dvIqv‡q` 1/135 c„t|
22. wdiBqvex, 2/76 c„t|
23. mybvbyj Kzeiv 2/698 c„t|
24. gyQvbœvd Be‡b Avex kvqevn 2/284 c„t|
25. we¯—vwiZ `ªt QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 46|
26. ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx 3/443|

cÖgvY| KviY G nv`xQwU c~‡e© ewY©Z Av‡qkv (ivt)-Gi nv`x‡Qi mv‡_ cy‡ivcywi
mvgÄm¨kxj.. Ges Rvwei (ivt) ewY©Z (2q) nv`x‡Qi mv‡_I mvgÄm¨kxjÕ|27
)(
..
(5) gynv¤§v` Beby BDmyd (ivt) e‡jb, mv‡qe Beby Bqvhx` (ivt) Zv‡K
Rvwb‡q‡Qb †h, Igi (ivt) DevB I Zvgxg Av`-`vixi gva¨‡g †jvK‡`i
GKwÎZ K‡ib| AZtci Zviv Df‡q 11 ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ Av`vq Kivb|28
nv`xQwU m¤ú‡K© Avj−vgv Ievq`yj−vn gyeviKcyix (int) e‡jb, Ônv`xQwUi mb`
QnxnÕ|29
gynvwÏQM‡Yi c¶ †_‡K Qnxn e‡j ¯^xK…Z D³ nv`xQØ‡qi gva¨‡g cÖZxqgvb
nÕj †h, wØZxq Ljxdv Igi (ivt) ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-
Gi Qvjv‡Zi b¨vq 11 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn covi wb‡`©k w`‡qwQ‡jb| G¶‡Y
Avgiv Rvbe, Igi (ivt)-Gi hy‡M KZ ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn cov nÕZ|
)(
....
(6) gynv¤§v` Beby BDmyd (ivt) e‡jb, Avwg mv‡qe Beby Bqvhx` (ivt)-†K
ej‡Z ï‡bwQ wZwb e‡j‡Qb, ÔAvgiv Igi (ivt)-Gi hvgvbvq 11 ivKÔAvZ
QvjvZ Av`vq KiZvgÕ|30
27. Avj−vgv IevB`yj−vn ingvbx gyeviKcyix, wgiÔAvZzj gvdvZxn ki‡n wgkKvZzj gvQvexn
(†ebvim: B`vivZzj eyn~Q Avj-Bmjvwgqvn, 1973 L„t/1394 wnt), 4_© LÊ, c„t 329,
nv/1310-Gi Av‡jvPbv `ªt|
28. Avãyj−vn Beby gynv¤§v` Beby Avex kvqevn Avj-K‚dx, Avj-gyQvbœvd (ˆei“Z: `vi“j
wdKi, 1989/1409 wnt), 2q LÊ, c„t 284, nv/7727, Ôivgvhvb gv‡m iv‡Zi QvjvZÕ
Aby‡”Q`|
29. -wgiÔAvZzj gvdvZxn 4/333 c„t|
30. mvC` Beby gvbQ~i, Avm-mybvb; AvIbyj gvÔe~` 4/175, nv/1372-Gi Av‡jvPbv `ªt|
cÖ_g Aa¨vq : 8 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn&i AKvU¨ cÖgvY

nv`xQwUi mb` m¤ú‡K© kvqL Avjevbx I Avj−vgv RvjvjyÏxb myq~Z¡x (849-911
wnt) e‡jb, Ônv`xQwUi mb` Qnxni ch©vqfy³Õ|31
)(.
(7) mv‡qe Beby Bqvhx` (ivt) e‡jb, Avgiv Igi (ivt)-Gi hvgvbvq ivgvhvb
gv‡m 13 ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ coZvg|32
D³ eY©bv‡Z dR‡ii `yB ivKÔAvZ
mybœvZmn ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| hv Av‡qkv (ivt)-Gi nv`x‡Qi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨kxj|
†mLv‡b dR‡ii `yB ivKÔAvZ mybœvZmn G‡m‡Q|33
†mB mv‡_ Bgvg gv‡jK
ewY©Z Igi (ivt)-Gi wb‡`©wkZ 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi nv`x‡Qi mv‡_I wgj i‡q‡Q|
ZvB Avj−vgv bxgfx nvbvdx G m¤ú‡K© e‡jb,
.
ÔBgvg gv‡jK gynv¤§v` Beby BDmyd †_‡K hv eY©bv K‡i‡Qb G nv`xQwU Zvi
AZxe wbKUeZ©xÕ A_©vr Qnxn|34
Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx e‡jb,
.
Ônv`xQwU ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi ivwÎi Qvjv‡Zi
e¨vcv‡i ewY©Z gv Av‡qkv (ivt)-Gi nv`x‡Qi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y©Õ|35
Beby
BmnvK¡ e‡jb, ÔZvivexni QvjvZ m¤ú‡K© Avwg hv ï‡bwQ Zvi g‡a¨ GwUB
me©vwaK ewjô eY©bvÕ|36
Avgiv GZ¶Y AvU ev GMvi ivKÔAv‡Zi c‡¶ ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn
Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi QvnvexM‡Yi c¶ †_‡K †h mg¯— nv`xQ †ck Kijvg Zvi
31. -QvjvZyZ Zvivexn, c„t 47|
32. gynv¤§v` Beby bvQi, wK¡qvgyj jvBj; dvrûj evix 4/319 c„t|
33. Qnxn eyLvix nv/1140, 1/153 c„t, ÔZvnv¾y`Õ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-9; Qnxn gymwjg
nv/1803-4, 1/255 c„t|
34. ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx 3/443 c„t, nv/803-Gi Av‡jvPbv `ªt|
35. dvrûj evix 4/319 c„t, nv/2013-Gi Av‡jvPbv `ªt|
36. -dvrûj evix 4_© LÊ, c„t 319; QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t
46|

me¸‡jvB Qnxn| hv wiRvjkv¯¿we` Ges wek¦weL¨vZ gynvwÏQM‡Yi ewjô Dw³i
gva¨‡g cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| dvwjj−v-wnj nvg&`|
kvqL Avjevbx 11 ivKÔAvZ ms vš— ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)
I Qvnvev‡q †Kiv‡gi Avgj we‡k−lY Kivi ci gymwjg D¤§vni Rb¨ ivm~‡ji
Awe¯§iYxq fvlY‡K mvg‡b †i‡L e‡jb,
..
.
ÔDcwiD³ Av‡jvPbv¸‡jv Avgv‡ì Rb¨ mwVK c_ D‡b¥vPb Ki‡Q| ZvB Avgiv
Aek¨B eje †h, ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi e³‡eï AvbyMZ¨
KiYv‡_© wbw`©ó msL¨v (11 ivKÔAvZ)-†K AuvK‡o aiv Ges Gi AwZwi³ msL¨v
cwiZ¨vM Kiv Acwinvh©| ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi e³e¨
nÕj- ...Ô wbðqB Avgvi c‡i †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ hviv †eu‡P _vK‡e Zviv AwZ mZ¡i
AmsL¨ gZcv_©K¨ †`L‡Z cv‡e| †m mgq †Zvgv‡ì Acwinvh© KZ©e¨ n‡e
Avgvi mybœvZ Ges Aåvš— c_cÖvß Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`x‡bi mybœvZ‡K k³ K‡i
AuvK‡o aiv Ges ùvZ Øviv Kvg‡o aiv| Avi (kixÔAv‡Zi g‡a¨) †Zvgiv bZzb
m„ó welqmg~n †_‡K mveavb _vK‡e| KviY bZzb m„ó e¯‘B we`ÔAvZ Ges
cÖ‡Z¨K we`ÔAvZB c_åó,... Avi cÖ‡Z¨K c_åóB RvnvbœvgxÕ|37
Avkv Kwi nv`xQwU kZavwef³ gymwjg D¤§vni Rb¨ H‡Kï cÖZxK wnmv‡e
we‡ewPZ n‡e, n‡e mwVK c‡_i w`kvix| KviY Qnxn eY©bvi gva¨‡g ivm~j
(Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi †Kvb Avgj cÖgvwYZ nÕ‡j Zvi wecixZ †h
37. QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 75; Avngv`, mb` Qnxn, Qnxn Avey`vE` nv/4607, 2q LÊ, c„t
635; Qnxn wZiwghx nv/2676, 2q LÊ, c„t 96, ÔBjgÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-16; bvmvC
nv/1578, 1/179 c„t; mb` nvmvb, wgkKvZ nv/165, c„t 29-30; e½vbyev` †gkKvZ
1/122 c„t, nv/158, ÔwKZve I mybœvn‡K AuvK‡o aivÕ Aby‡”Q`|

AvgjB mgv‡R cÖPwjZ _vK- Zv evwZj e‡j MY¨ n‡e| PvB Zv †Kvb Bgv‡gi
e³e¨ †nvK, ev †Kvb gbxlx, Av‡jg, gyRZvwn`, dK¡xni e³e¨ †nvK wKsev
hCd I Rvj nv`xQ †nvK meB evwZj mve¨¯— n‡e|38
G¶‡Y Avgiv
wbi‡c¶Zvi mv‡_ 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi eY©bv¸‡jvi Ae¯’v ch©v‡jvPbv Kie
BbkvAvj−vn|
38. cÖ‡dmi W: gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje, Avn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb: DrcwË I
gweKvk `w¶Y Gwkqvi †cÖw¶Zmn (W±‡iU w_wmm) (ivRkvnx: nv`xQ dvD‡Ûkb
evsjv‡`k, †deª“qvix, 1996), c„t 143-45| D‡j−L¨, gvbbxq †jLK Qvnvev‡q †Kiv‡gi
hyM †_‡K ïi“ K‡i Zv‡eC‡ì hyM ch©š— G ms vš— A‡bK `„óvš— †ck K‡i‡Qb| we‡kl
K‡i D³ MÖ‡š’i 6ô Aa¨vqwU G Rb¨ LyeB ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| ZvB c‡o †bIqvi Rb¨ myax
cvVK‡ì cÖwZ Aby‡iva iBj|
Qvnvex I Zv‡eCMY n‡Z G K_v Ae¨vnZ
avivq ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †h, Zuv‡ì wbK‡U
nv`xQ †cuŠ‡Q †M‡j webv k‡Z©
Zvi Dc‡i Avgj
Ki‡Zb|
-kvn AwjDj−vn gynvwÏQ †`njfx
(Avj-BbQvd, c„t 70)|

wØZxq Aa¨vqwØZxq Aa¨vqwØZxq Aa¨vqwØZxq Aa¨vq
gynvwÏQM‡Yi Zx¶œgynvwÏQM‡Yi Zx¶œgynvwÏQM‡Yi Zx¶œgynvwÏQM‡Yi Zx¶œ `„wó‡Z`„wó‡Z`„wó‡Z`„wó‡Z
20 ivKÔAv‡Zi eY©bv m20 ivKÔAv‡Zi eY©bv m20 ivKÔAv‡Zi eY©bv m20 ivKÔAv‡Zi eY©bv mgggg~nnnn

gynvwÏQM‡Yi Zx¶è `„wó‡Z
20 ivKÔAv‡Zi eY©bv mg~n
20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn m¤ú‡K© hZ¸‡jv eY©bv cvIqv hvq Zb¥‡a¨ gvÎ GKwU
eY©bv ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi bv‡g evbv‡bv n‡q‡Q, hv
wiRvjkv¯¿we`M‡Yi HKg‡Z¨ hCd I Rvj| Avi QvnvexM‡Yi g‡a¨ GKRb
Qvnvexi bv‡g Kw_Z K‡qKwU eY©bv cvIqv hvq| †m¸‡jvI ci¯úi we‡ivax|
†KvbUv hCd, †KvbUv Rvj| Avi evKx hv ewY©Z n‡q‡Q Zvi meB K‡qKRb
Zv‡eC †_‡K, †m¸‡jvI †KvbUv gybKvi, †KvbUv hCd Avevi †KvbUv Rvj|
h_vh_ cÖgvYmn D³ eY©bv¸‡jvi Ae¯’v wb‡gœ Zz‡j aiv nÕj:
)(
.
(1) Beby AveŸvm (ivt) †_‡K ewY©Z Av‡Q †h, ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv
mvj−vg) ivgvhvb gv‡m 20 ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡Zb Ges weZi
co‡Zb|38
ZvnK¡xK¡: eY©bvwUi GKwUB gvÎ m~Î, hv K‡qKwU MÖ‡š’ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|39
Gi
mb‡` ÔAvey kvqevn Beivnxg Be‡b IQgvbÕ bvgK ivex i‡q‡Q| †m
gynvwÏQM‡Yi HKg‡Z¨ hCd| A‡bK gynvwÏQ Zv‡K wg_y¨K e‡j‡Qb| ZvQvov
cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q ewY©Z mg¯— Qnxn nv`x‡Qi we‡ivax| GRb¨ nv`xQwU hCd Ges
Rvj| eY©bvwU †h cÖK…Zc‡¶B A‡K‡Rv †mRb¨ Beby Avex kvqevn D³
Aa¨v‡qi me‡k‡l D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb| G wel‡q gynvwÏQM‡Yi gš—e¨ wbgœiƒc:
(K) kvqL gynv¤§v` bvwQi“Ïxb Avjevbx Zuvi wek¦weL¨vZ hCd I Rvj nv`xQ
wmwiR ÔwmjwmjvZzj Avnv`xwQh hCdvn Iqvj gvIh~ÔAvnÕ MÖ‡š’ eY©bvwU D×„Z
K‡i e‡jb, Ôwbðq GB nv`xQwU RvjÕ|40
38. gyQvbœvd Be‡b Avex kvqevn Avj-K‚dx 2q LÊ, c„t 286; evqnvK¡x, Avm-mybvbyj Kzeiv
nv/4615, 2q LÊ, c„t 698; ZveivYx, Avj-gyÔRvgyj Kvexi 3/148 c„t|
39 . BiIqvDj Mvjxj 2q LÊ, c„t 191, nv/445-Gi Av‡jvPbv `ªt|
40. -Avjevbx, wmjwmjvZzj Avnv`xwQh hCdvn Iqvj gvIh~ÔAvn
(wiqvh: gvKZvevZzj gvÔAvwid, 1408 wnt), nv/560, 2q LÊ, c„t 35-37|

(L) Bgvg evqnvK¡x (384-458 wnt) ÔAvm-mybvbyj KzeivÕ MÖ‡š’ nv`xQwU eY©bv
Kivi ci gš—e¨ K‡ib, ÔAvey kvqevn (Beivnxg web IQgvb) nv`xQwU
GKKfv‡e eY©bv K‡i‡Q| †m hCd ivexÕ|41
(M) nvbvdx gvhnv‡ei cÖwm× MÖš’ Ô†n`vqvÕi fvl¨Kvi Avj−vgv Bebyj ûgvg
nvbvdx (g„t 681 wnt) D³ nv`xQ m¤ú‡K© e‡jb,
.
ÔgynvwÏQM‡Yi HKg‡Z¨ hCd ¯^xK…Z ivex Beivnxg Be‡b IQgvb _vKvi Kvi‡Y
nv`xQwU hCd| whwb Bgvg AveyeKi Be‡b Avex kvqevi `v`v| GQvovI GwU
Qnxn nv`x‡Qi we‡ivaxÕ|42
(N) †n`vqv wKZv‡ei nv`xQ hvPvBKvix nvbvdx cwÊZ Avj−vgv hvqjvC (g„t 762
wnt) D³ eY©bv cÖm‡½ e‡jb,
..
ÔBeivnxg Beby IQgv‡bi Kvi‡Y nv`xQwU Î“wUc~Y©| †m me©m¤§wZ ‡g hCd|
Beby Av`x Zuvi ÔKv‡gjÕ MÖ‡š’ GB nv`xQ‡K `ye©j e‡j‡Qb| GZ`m‡Ë¡I Avey
mvjvgvn wRÁvwmZ Av‡qkv (ivt)-Gi ewY©Z Qnxn nv`x‡Qi we‡ivaxÕ...(Qnxn
eyLvix‡Z ewY©Z 8 ivKÔAv‡Zi nv`xQ)|43
41. -evqnvK¡x, Avm-mybvbyj Kzeiv nv/4615, 2/698 c„t `ªt|
42. Bebyj ûgvg, dvrûj K¡v`xi ki‡n †n`vqvn (cvwK¯—vb: Avj-gvKZvevZzj nvexweqvn,
Zvwe), 1g LÊ, c„t 407|
43 . Avj−vgv nv‡dh Avãyj−vn Beby BDmyd Avey gynv¤§v` Avj-nvbvdx Avh-hvBjvC, bvQeyi
ivBqvn wj Avnv`xwQj †n`vqvn (wiqvh: Avj-gvKZvevZzj Bmjvwgqvn, 1973 L„t/1393
wnt), 2q LÊ, c„t 153|

(O) Qnxn eyLvixi fvl¨MÖš’ ÔDg`vZzj K¡vixÕ cÖ‡YZv Avj−vgv eì“Ïxb Avqbx
nvbvdx (g„t 855 wn) D³ ivex m¤ú‡K© e‡jb,
.
ÔBeby Avex kvqevn‡K Bgvg ïÔevn wg_y¨K e‡j‡Qb Ges Bgvg Avngv`, Beby
gvCb, Bgvg eyLvix, bvmvC (int) mn Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏQMY Zv‡K hCd
e‡j‡QbÕ|44
(P) Avj−vgv †gvj−v Avjx K¡vix nvbvdx (g„t 1014 wnt) e‡jb,
.
ÔAvgv‡ì †Kvb Bgv‡gi e³e¨ nÕj- ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)
†jvK‡ì mv‡_ wek ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ Av`vq K‡i‡Qb| m¤¢eZ wZwb gyQvbœvd
Be‡b Avex kvqevn †_‡K GwU MÖnY K‡i‡Qb †h, wZwb ivgvhvb gv‡m weZi
QvovB wek ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn c‡o‡Qb| Abyiƒcfv‡e evqnvK¡xI eY©bv K‡i‡Qb
†h, wZwb `yB iv‡Z `k mvjv‡g wek ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn Av`vq K‡i‡Qb| Z…Zxq
ivwÎ‡Z wZwb Avi †ei nbwb| wKš‘ D³ `yÕwU eY©bvB hCd|45
(Q) RMwØL¨vZ wiRvjkv¯¿we` Avj−vgv hvnvex e‡jb, ÔAvey kvqevn Qnxn
†iIqv‡q‡Zi we‡ivax nv`xQ eY©bvKvix wnmv‡e gybKvi ÔivexÕ| me‡P‡q
44. Avj−vgv eì“Ïxb Avj-Avqbx, Dg`vZzj K¡vix ki‡n Qnxwnj eyLvix (cvwK¯—vb: Avj-
gvKZvevZzi ikxw`qvn, 1406 wnt), 11/128 c„t|
45. Avjx Beby myjZvb gynv¤§v` Avj-K¡vix, wgiK¡vZzj gvdvZxn ki‡n wgkKvZzj gvQvexn
(XvKv: ikxw`qvn jvB‡eªix, Zvwe), 3q LÊ, c„t 194|
gynvwÏQM‡Yi Zx¶è `„wó‡Z 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi eY©bv mg~n

Abyaveb‡hvM¨ welq nÕj, wZwb Gi `„óvš— †ck Ki‡Z wM‡q 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi GB
eY©bvwUB wZwb D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb|46
(R) Bgvg wghhx Zvi ÔZvnhxeÕ MÖ‡š’ Avey kvqevn Beivnxg Be‡b IQgvb‡K
gybKvi nv`xQ eY©bvKvix AvL¨vwqZ K‡i `„óvš— ¯^iƒc 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi eY©bvwUB
†ck K‡i‡Qb| AZtci e‡j‡Qb,
.
ÔBgvg Avngv`, Beby gvCb, eyLvix, bvmvC, Avey nvwZg ivhx, Beby Av`x,
Avey`vE` Ges wZiwghx nv`xQwU‡K hCd e‡j‡QbÕ|47
Bgvg bvmvC Ab¨Î
Zv‡K Ônv`x‡Qi cwiZ¨³ ivexÕ e‡j‡Qb|48
(S) Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx e‡jb,
.
Ôivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) ivgvhvb gv‡m 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn
I weZi co‡Zb g‡g© Beby AveŸvm †_‡K Beby Avey kvqevn †h eY©bv K‡i‡Q
Zvi mb` hCd| ZvQvovI Qnxn eyLvix I gymwj‡g ewY©Z Av‡qkv (ivt)-Gi
nv`x‡Qi we‡ivax eY©bv K‡i‡QÕ|49
Ab¨Î wZwb D³ ivex m¤ú‡K© e‡jb, Ô†m
nv`x‡Qi cwiZ¨³ ivexÕ|50
46. -gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj 1/47-48 c„t, ivex bs 145|
47. Bgvg RvjvjyÏxb myq~Z¡x, Avj-nvex wjj dvZvIqv (ˆei“Z: Avj-gvKZveZzj AvQvwiqvn,
1990/1411), 1/538 c„t, ÔAvj-gvQvexn dx QvjvwZZ ZvivexnÕ Ask|
48. -gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj, 147 c„t|
49. dvrûj evix 4/319 c„t, nv/2013-Gi Av‡jvPbv `ªt|
50. -Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx, ZvK¡ixeyZ Zvnhxe (wmwiqv: `vi“i ikx`,
1988/1408 wnt), c„t 92, ivex bs 215|

(T) Avj−vgv RvjvjyÏxb myq~Z¡x (int) e‡jb, Ônv`xQwU AZ¨š— `ye©j; Gi Øviv
KL‡bv `jxj mve¨¯— n‡e bvÕ|51
(U) Avngv` Beby nvRvi Avj-nvqQvgx (int) e‡jb, Ônv`xQwU AZ¨š— hCdÕ|52
m¤§vwbZ cvVK! ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi bv‡g ewY©Z 20
ivKÔAvZ Zvivexni nv`xQ m¤ú‡K© wiRvjkv¯¿we` I RMwØL¨vZ gynvwÏQM‡Yi
†h mg¯— gš—e¨ †ck Kiv nÕj, Zv‡Z welqwU mevi Kv‡QB cwi®‹vi n‡q †M‡Q|
Z‡e Giƒc Dw³ Av‡iv A‡bK i‡q‡Q|53
G¶‡Y wbtm‡›`‡n ejv hvq †h,
GwU GKwU wg_¨v, Rvj I ev‡bvqvU eY©bv| ZvB ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv
mvj−vg) †_‡K 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexni †Kvb weï× eY©bv c„w_exi BwZnv‡m
†bB| †hgb RvjvjyÏxb myq~Z¡x 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi nv`xQ‡K `jx‡ji A‡hvM¨
†NvlYv K‡i e‡jb,
.
ÔmyZivs cÖgvwYZ nÕj †h, 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv
mvj−vg) †_‡K cÖgvwYZ bqÕ| wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, Zuvi RxeÏkvq wZwb †Kvbw`bB
20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn c‡obwb| KviY wZwb †Kvb Avgj Ki‡j wbqwgZ
Ki‡ZbÕ|
.
ÔmyZivs wZwb hw` Rxe‡b GKeviI 20 ivKÔAvZ co‡Zb ZvnÕ†j KL‡bv Zv
Qvo‡Zb bvÕ|54
GKRb Qvnvexi bv‡g D×„Z 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi weåvwš—Ki eY©bv:
20 ivKÔAv‡Zi c‡¶ gvÎ GKRb Qvnvex †_‡K K‡qKwU eY©bv cvIqv hvq, hv
ci¯úi we‡ivax nIqvq ÔgyhZ¡viveÕ, Qnxn nv`x‡Qi gyLv‡jd nIqvq
51. -Avj-nvex wjj dvZvIqv, 1/537 c„t|
52. -Beby nvRvi Avj-nvqQvgx, Avj-dvZvIqvDj Kzeiv, 1/195 c„t; `ªt
QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 20|
53. Avj-nvex wjj dvZvIqv 1/538 c„t; gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj 1/47 c„t; QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t
19-21|
54. Avj-nvex wjj dvZIqv, 1/536-37 c„t `ªt|

ÔgybKviÕ|55
G mg¯— A‡bK Î“wU-wePz¨wZ _vKvi Kvi‡Y †KvbUv hCd, †KvbUv
Rvj|
)(
.
(2) mv‡qe Beby Bqvhx` (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z, wZwb e‡jb, Igi (ivt)-Gi
hvgvbvq ivgvhvb gv‡m †jv‡Kiv 20 ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ Av`vq KiZ|56
ZvnK¡xK¡: eY©bvwU Rvj| GwU wZbwU †`v‡l `yó|
cÖ_gZ: Gi mb‡` Avey Avãyj−vn Be‡b dvbRyex Av`-`vqb~ix bvgK ivex Av‡Q|
†m gynvwÏQM‡Yi wbKU AcwiwPZ| wiRvjkv‡¯¿ Gi †Kvb Aw¯—Z¡ †bB| GRb¨
kvqL Ave`yi ingvb gyeviKcyix (int) e‡jb,
.
ÔAvwg Zvi Rxebx m¤ú‡K© AeMZ nÕ‡Z cvwiwb| myZivs †h e¨w³ GB AvQv‡ii
weï×Zv `vex Ki‡e Zvi Dc‡i Acwinvh© n‡e wbf©i‡hvM¨ wnmv‡e `jx‡ji
Dchy³Zv cÖgvY KivÕ|57
hvi †Kvb cwiPqB †bB Zvi eY©bv wKfv‡e MÖnYxq
n‡Z cv‡i? gynvwÏQM‡Yi wbK‡U Giƒc eY©bv Rvj e‡j cwiwPwZ|
wØZxqZ: D³ eY©bvq Bqvhx` Beby LyQvqdvn bv‡g GKRb gybKvi ivex Av‡Q|
†m Qnxn nv`x‡Qi we‡ivax nv`xQ eY©bvKvix| Bgvg Avngv` web nv¤^j GRb¨
Zv‡K gybKvi e‡j‡Qb Ges Avj−vgv hvnvex I Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx Zv mg_©b
K‡i‡Qb|58
ZvQvov †m †h gybKvi ivex Zvi cÖgvY nÕj, mv‡qe Beby Bqvhx`
†_‡K †m GLv‡b 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi K_v eY©bv K‡i‡Q| A_P Avgiv 8
55. D‡j−L¨, Qnxn I kw³kvjx mb‡` ewY©Z nv`x‡Qi wecixZ eY©bv‡K ÔgybKviÕ e‡j|
Avngv` gynv¤§v` kvwKi, Avj-ev‡qQzj nvQxQ, g~j: nv‡dh Be‡b KvQxi, BLwZQvi“
Dj~wgj nv`xQ (êi“Z: 1408 wnt), c„t 48|
56. evqnvK¡x, mybvbyj Kzeiv nv/4617, 2/698-99 c„t|
57. ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx, 3/447 c„t|
58. Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx, ZvnhxeyZ Zvnhxe, ZvnK¡xK¡ I ZvÔjxK¡: gyQZ¡vdv Ave`yj K¡v‡ì AvZv
(êi“Z: `vi“j KzZze Avj-Bjwgqvn, 1994/1415 wnt), 11/296 c„t; gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj 4/430
c„t|

ivKÔAv‡Zi Av‡jvPbvq mv‡qe Beby Bqvhx` †_‡K †gvU 4wU nv`xQ (4-7)
D‡j−L K‡iwQ, hvi me¸‡jvB Qnxn| myZiv GB eY©bv †Kvb ‡gB MÖnY‡hvM¨
bq|
Z…ZxqZ: GwU KL‡bv ÔgyhZ¡iveÕ ch©v‡qi| GB eY©bvq wek ivKÔAv‡Zi eY©bv
G‡m‡Q| wKš‘ Ab¨ eY©bvq Avevi 21 ivKÔAv‡Zi K_v ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| ZvB
kvqL Avjevbx e‡jb, GwU ÔgyhZ¡viveÕ ch©v‡qi nIqvq cwiZ¨vR¨|59
we‡kl mZK©Zv: ÔDg`vZzj K¡vixÕ cÖ‡YZv Avj−vgv Avqbx evqnvK¡xi D×„wZ w`‡q
D³ Rvj eY©bvi †k‡l ms‡hvRb K‡i‡Qb ÔGes
IQgvb I Avjx (ivt)-Gi mg‡qI Giƒcfv‡e (20 ivKÔAvZ) cov nÕZÕ|60
A_P evqnvK¡xi †Kvb MÖ‡š’ D³ evowZ Ask cvIqv hvq bv| †hgb Avj−vgv
bxgfx nvbvdx Zuvi ÔZvÔjxKz AvQvwim mybvbÕ MÖ‡š’ e‡jb,
Ô(AvqBbxi) D³ e³e¨ wb‡Ri c¶
†_‡K mwbœ‡ewkZ; evqnvK¡xi MÖš’mg~‡n Zv cvIqv hvq bvÕ|61
AZGe ejv hvq
†hb †PvivB c‡_ giv jv‡ki DbœZ wPwKrmv|
D‡j−L¨ †h, D³ eY©bv‡K Avj−vgv bxgfx nvbvdx mn †KD †KD wbf©i‡hvM¨ e‡j
`vex K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ Zv‡ì D³ `vex mwVK bq| KviY GB RvjK…Z weK…Z
nv`x‡Qi †Kvb cwiPqB †bB| ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) I
Qvnvex‡ì Avg‡ji we‡ivax AvQvi‡K wKfv‡e wbf©i‡hvM¨ ejv hvq Zv Avgv‡ì
†evaMg¨ bq|62
AZGe Giƒc D™¢U K_v cÖPvi Kiv gymwjg D¤§vni mv‡_
cÖZviYvi kvwgj|
)(
.
59. we¯—vwiZ `ªt QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 49-51|
60. Dg`vZzj K¡vix 7/178 c„t, ÔZvnv¾y`Õ Aa¨vq|
61. wgiÔAvZzj gvdvZxn 4/333 c„t, nv/1310-Gi Av‡jvPbv `ªt; ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx
3/447|
62. ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx 3/447 c„t|

(3) mv‡qe Beby Bqvhx` (ivt) e‡jb, Igi (ivt)-Gi hvgvbvq Avgiv 20
ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ Av`vq KiZvg Ges weZi coZvg| eY©bvwU ïay Bgvg
evqnvK¡xi ÔAvj-gvÔ‡idvnÕ bvgK MÖ‡š’ G‡m‡Q|63
ZvnK¡xK¡: c~‡e©i AvQviwUi b¨vq GwUI Î“wUc~Y© Ges gybKvi ev hCd| hwÌ
Avj−vgv myeKx Qnxn e‡j `vex K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ wZwb wK‡mi wfwË‡Z GB `vex
K‡i‡Qb Zv A¯úó| KviY Gi mb‡` `yÕRb AcwiwPZ ivex Av‡Q| Avey
IQgvb Avj-evQix hvi Avmj bvg Avgi Beby Ave`yj−vn| AciRb Avey
Zv‡ni| Avey IQgvb Avj-evQix m¤ú‡K© Avj−vgv bxgfx nvbvdx e‡jb, Ô†KD
Zvi Rxebx m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb e‡j Avwg AeMZ bBÕ|64
kvqL Ave`yi
ingvb gyeviKcyix e‡jb,
.
ÔAvwgI `xN© AbymÜvb Pvwj‡q Zvi Rxebx m¤ú‡K© wKQz D×vi Ki‡Z e¨_©
n‡qwQÕ| Ab¨ ivex ÔAvey Zv‡niÕ m¤ú‡K©I wZwb GKB gš—e¨ K‡ib|65
ZvQvov
GKB ivex KZ…©K †h eY©bv Qnxn mb‡` G‡m‡Q (cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q 6bs) Zvi cÖKvk¨
we‡ivax| †hLv‡b 8 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexni K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| myZivs GB eY©bv
Aek¨B `ye©j|
)(
.
(4) mv‡qe Beby Bqvhx` (ivt) †_‡K ewY©Z, Igi (ivt) DevB Beby KvÔe I
Zvgxg Av`-`vixi `vwq‡Z¡ †jvK‡ì‡K GKwÎZ K‡iwQ‡jb ivgvhvb gv‡m 21
ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ cov‡bvi Rb¨|
ZvnK¡xK¡: GB eY©bvwU ïay gyQvbœvd Ave`yi ivhhv‡K ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|66
GwU
gybKvi wnmv‡e hCd| Ave`yi ivhhvK (126-211 wnt) GKKfv‡e GwU eY©bv
63. wgiÔAvZ 4/331 c„t|
64. -ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx 4/446 c„t; wgiÔAvZzj gvdvZxn,
4/331 c„t|
66. AveyeKi Avãyi ivhhvK web nv¤§vg AvQ-QvbÔAvbx, Avj-gyQvbœvd (êi“Z: Avj-
gvKZveyj Bmjvgx, 1983/1403), nv/7730, 4/260 c„t|

K‡i‡Qb| GB k‡ã Ab¨ †KD eY©bv K‡ibwb| Qnxn kã n‡e 11 ivKÔAvZ|
kvqL Ave`yi ingvb gyeviKcyix e‡jb,
.
ÔAvQviwU wZwb GB k‡ã GKKfv‡e eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| Ab¨ †KD Gfv‡e eY©bv
K‡ibwbÕ|67
Gi KviY nÕj, wZwb †kl Rxe‡b AÜ n‡q hvIqvq eY©bv¸‡jv
G‡jv‡g‡jv n‡q †M‡Q| †hgb Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx e‡jb, ÔwZwb †kl eq‡m
AÜ n‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb| d‡j eY©bv¸‡jv wgwkªZ n‡q †M‡QÕ|68
GQvov Gi m¤ú~Y© mb` †bB, gv‡S ivex ev` c‡o †M‡Q| m‡e©vcwi GwU Qnxn
mb‡` ewY©Z (cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q 5 bs) nv`x‡Qi m¤ú~Y© we‡ivax| †hLv‡b 11
ivKÔAv‡Zi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q|69
AZGe `jxj wnmv‡e GB Î“wUc~Y© eY©bv †ck
Kiv DwPZ bq|
)(
.
(5) mv‡qe Beby Bqvhx` (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z, wZwb e‡jb, Igi (ivt)-Gi
hvgvbvq Avgiv ivgvhvb gv‡m iv‡Îi QvjvZ †_‡K mvnvix LvIqvi mgq evox‡Z
wd‡i AvmZvg| Avi †m mgq GB QvjvZ wQj 23 ivKÔAvZ|
ZvnK¡xK¡: eY©bvwU ïay Ave`yi ivhhvK GKKfv‡e eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|70
AvQviwU
hCd I gybKvi ev AMÖnY‡hvM¨| D³ AvQv‡i Avey hyeve bv‡g GKRb gybKvi
ivex Av‡Q| Avey nv‡Zg Zuvi ÔAvj-Rviû IqvZ ZvÔ`xjÕ MÖ‡š’ Gi m¤ú‡K©
e‡jb, Ô`vivIqvi`x Zvi †_‡K cÖPzi gybKvi nv`xQ eY©bv K‡i‡Qb; Zvi
¯§„wZkw³ AZ¨š— `ye©j wQjÕ|71
Beby nvhg Av›`vjymx (384-456 wnt/994-
67. ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx 3/443 c„t, nv/804-Gi Av‡jvPbv `ªt|
68. - ZvK¡ixezZ Zvnhxe, ivex bs 4064, c„t
354-Gi UxKvmn `ªt; Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx, nvw`Dm mvix gyK¡vÏvgvn dvrûj evix
(ˆei“Z: `vi“j KzZze Avj-Bjwgqvn, 1989/1410 wnt), c„t 588|
70. Avj-gyQvbœvd nv/7733, 4/261 c„t|
71. -ZvnhxeyZ Zvnhxe 2/136
c„t, ivex bs 1090|

1063 L„t) e‡jb, Ô†m hCd ivexÕ|72
Bgvg gv‡jK (int) Zvi †_‡K †Kvb
nv`xQ MÖnY K‡ibwb|73
GRb¨ kvqL Avjevbx e‡jb, ÔGi mb` hCd| KviY
Beby Avey hyev‡ei g‡a¨ `ye©jZv Av‡QÕ|74
ZvQvov cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q Av‡jvwPZ
(4bs) Qnxn nv`x‡Qi m¤ú~Y© we‡ivax Ges 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi mKj Qnxn
nv`x‡QiI we‡ivax|
ÁvZe¨: GZ¶Y Avgiv GKB Qvnvex mv‡qe Beby Bqvhx` †_‡K †gvU 4wU eY©bv
Dc¯’vcb Kijvg| cÖ‡Z¨KwUB ci¯úi we‡ivax| ZvB gynvwÏQM‡Yi wbKU
ÔgyhZ¡viveÕ mve¨¯— nIqvq me©m¤§wZ ‡g Zv eR©bxq| Abyaveb‡hvM¨ nÕj,
mv‡qe Beby Bqvhx` (ivt) †_‡K 8 ev 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi Av‡jvPbvq Avgiv †h
PviwU nv`xQ D‡j−L K‡iwQ Zvi me¸‡jvB Qnxn| H eY©bv¸‡jv GKvwaK m~‡Î
wewfbœ nv`xQ MÖ‡š’ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| myZivs GKB ivex †_‡K ewY©Z Qnxn nv`x‡Qi
we‡ivax hCd I Rvj eY©bv KL‡bv MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡Z cv‡i bv|
Ab¨vb¨‡`i bv‡g D×„Z 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi eY©bv:
)(
.
(6) BqvnBqv Beby mvC` (ivt) †_‡K ewY©Z, Igi (ivt) R‰bK e¨w³‡K
†jvK‡`i mv‡_ 20 ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ Av`v‡qi wb‡`©k w`‡qwQ‡jb|
ZvnK¡xK¡: eY©bvwU ïay Beby Avex kvqevn Zvi ÔgyQvbœv‡dÕ GKKfv‡e eY©bv
K‡i‡Qb|75
AvQviwU hCd I gybKvi| Avj−vgv bxgfx nvbvdx e‡jb, ÔBqvnBqv
Beby mvC` Igi (ivt)-Gi hyM cvqwbÕ|76
Avjx Bebyj gv`xbx e‡jb, Ô†m Avbvm (ivt) Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb Qvnvex †_‡K
nv`xQ kªeY K‡i‡Q e‡j Avwg AeMZ bB|77
kvqL Avjevbx e‡jb, ÔGi mb`
72. -gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj 1/437 c„t, ivex bs 1629|
73. ZvnhxeyZ Zvnhxe 2/136 c„t|
74. -QvjvZzZ
Zvivexn, c„t 52|
75. gyQvbœvd Be‡b Avex kvqevn 2/285|
76. - wgiÔAvZzj gvdvZxn 4/334 c„t|
77. -ZvnhxeyZ Zvnhxe 11/195 c„t|

wew”Qbœ|78
Qv‡n‡e Zzndvn e‡jb, ÔGB AvQviwUi mb` wew”Qbœ, d‡j `jxj‡hvM¨
bqÕ|79
GQvovI Qnxn nv`xQ mg~‡ni we‡ivax|
)(
.
(7) Bqvhx` Beby iƒgvb (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z, wZwb e‡jb, Igi (ivt)-Gi hy‡M
†jv‡Kiv ivgvhvb gv‡m ivwÎ‡Z 23 ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ Av`vq KiZÕ|80
ZvnK¡xK¡: AvQviwU wbZvš—B hCd I gybKvi| Bgvg evqnvK¡x e‡jb, ÔBqvhx`
web iƒgvb Igi (ivt)-Gi hyM cvbwbÕ|81
nv‡dh hvqjvC nvbvdx D³ gZ‡K
mg_©b K‡i‡Qb|82
Avj−vgv Avqbx nvbvdx ÔDg`vZzj K¡vixÕi g‡a¨ e‡jb, ÔGi
mb` wewQbœÕ A_©vr hCd|83
Avj−vgv Bgvg beex (631-676 wnt) e‡jb,
.
ÔAvQviwU evqnvK¡x eY©bv K‡i‡Qb, wKš‘ Zv gyimvj| KviY Bqvhx` Beby iƒgvb
Igi (ivt)-Gi mv¶vr cvbwbÕ|84
kvqL Avjevbx (int) e‡jb,
.
ÔAvQviwU hCd; KviY Bqvhx` Beby iƒgvb Igi (ivt)-†K cvbwb| cÖ_g eY©bvwU
(11 ivKÔAv‡Zi) Qvov Zvi c‡¶ †Kvb Qnxn eY©bv †bBÕ|85
Ab¨Î wZwb e‡jb,
79. -ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx 3/445 c„t|
80. gyIqvË¡v gv‡jK 1/115 c„t; evqnvK¡x, mybvbyj Kzeiv nv/4618, 2/699 c„t|
81. -BiIqvDj Mvjxj 2/192 c„t, nv/446-Gi Av‡jvPbv
`ªt|
82. bvQeyi ivBqvn 2/99 c„t|
83. -Dg`vZzj K¡vix ki‡n eyLvix 7/178 c„t, ÔZvivexni QvjvZÕ Aa¨vq|
84. Bgvg beex, Avj-gvRgyÕ 4/33 c„t|
85. Avjevbx, ZvnK¡xK¡ wgkKvZ (ˆei“Z: 1985/1405 wnt), 1/408 c„t, nv/1302-Gi
UxKv bs 2 `ªt|

.
ÔIgi (ivt) I Beby iƒgv‡bi gv‡S mb`MZ wew”Qbœ nIqvq eY©bvwU hCd; Gi
g‡a¨ †Kvb `jxj †bB| we‡kl K‡i GB eY©bvwU Qnxn m~‡Î cÖgvwYZ Igi
(ivt)-Gi 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi wb‡`©‡ki we‡ivaxÕ|86
D‡j−L¨ †h, eZ©gv‡b GB AvQviwU‡KB †ekx cÖvavb¨ †`Iqv nq| A_P GwUB
me‡P‡q `ye©j I Î“wUc~Y©| KviY GwU GKRb Zv‡eC †_‡K gyimvj m~‡Î ewY©Z|
ZvQvov G m¤ú‡K© gynvwÏQM‡Yi Dw³¸‡jv wK we‡eP¨ bq? AZGe Igi (ivt)
20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexni wb‡`©k w`‡qwQ‡jb ev Zuvi Avg‡j 20 ivKÔAvZ Pvjy
wQj g‡g© †h eY©bv¸‡jv G‡m‡Q Zvi me¸‡jvB hCd, Rvj I gybKvi| ZvB
kvqL Avjevbx e‡jb, ÔIgi (ivt)-Gi c¶
†_‡K 20 ivKÔAvZ mve¨¯— nqwbÕ|87
Ab¨Î wZwb e‡jb,
.
ÔIgi (ivt) †_‡K mve¨¯— n‡q‡Q †h, wZwb 11 ivKÔAv‡ZiB wb‡`©k w`‡qwQ‡jb|
†hgbwU cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q †h, ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)I 11
ivKÔAvZ e¨ZxZ Gi †ekx c‡obwbÕ|88
kvqL gyeviKcyix D³ eY©bv mg~‡ni
we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv †k‡l e‡jb,
.
87. ZvnK¡xK¡ wgkKvZ 1/408; QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 48|

ÔdjK_v nÕj, Igi (ivt) m¤ú‡K© ewY©Z †h nv`x‡Q 11 kã (11 ivKÔAvZ)
Dwj−wLZ n‡q‡Q Zv Qnxn, cÖgvwYZ I msiw¶Z| c¶vš—‡i †h eY©bvq 21 (21
ivKÔAvZ) Dwj−wLZ n‡q‡Q Zv msiw¶Z bq; eis AwaKZi KvíwbKÕ|89
)(.
(8) Aveyj nvmvbv n'†Z ewY©Z, Avjx (ivt) GK e¨w³‡K GB g‡g© wb‡`©k
w`‡qwQ‡jb †h, †m †hb †jvK‡`i‡K wb‡q ivgvhvb gv‡m 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn
covq|90
ZvnK¡xK¡: eY©bvwU hCd A_ev Rvj| Gi mb‡` Avey mvÔ`yj evKvj I Aveyj
nvmvbv `yÕRb Î“wUhy³ ivex i‡q‡Q| †hgb Bgvg evqnvK¡x eY©bvwU D‡j−‡Li ci
e‡jb, ÔGB nv`x‡Qi mb‡` `ye©jZv i‡q‡QÕ|91
Bgvg Beby ZziKzgvbx e‡jb,
.
Ô¯úó †h, Avey mvÔ` mvC` Be‡b gvihyev‡bi Kvi‡YB nv`xQwU hCd| KviY †m
G e¨vcv‡i Awfhy³| †m hw` GgbwUB nq Zvn‡j Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏQMYI G
K_viB AbymiY K‡i‡QbÕ|92
Bgvg hvnvex Zv‡K AcwiwPZ e‡j‡Qb|93
Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx e‡jb, Ô†m
AÁvZ ivexÕ|94
ZvQvov Aveyj nvmvbv I Avjx (ivt)-Gi gv‡S Av‡iv `yÕRb
ivex i‡q‡Q, hv mb‡` D‡j−L †bB|95
Gic‡iI Zv Qnxn nv`xQ mg~‡ni mivmwi we‡ivax nIqvq gybKvi| AZGe
AvQviwU‡K wfwËnxb ejvB †kªq|
89. ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx 3/444 c„t; wgiÔAvZzj gvdvZxn 4/330 c„t|
90. gyQvbœvd Be‡b Avex kvqevn 2/285 (2); evqnvK¡x, Avm-mybvbyj Kzeiv nv/4621,
2/699 c„t|
91. -evqnvK¡x, mybvbyj Kzeiv 2/699-700 c„t|
92. evqnvK¡x, mybvbyj Kzeiv n/4621-Gi UxKv `ªt, 2/700|
93. -gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj 4/515, ivex bs 10106|
94. -ZvK¡ixeyZ Zvnhxe, c„t 633, ivex bs 8053|

)(
.
(9) Avey Avãyi ingvb Avm-myjvgx nÕ‡Z ewY©Z, ivgvhvb gv‡m Avjx (ivt)
K¡vixMY‡K AvnŸvb Ki‡jb| AZtci Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ nÕ‡Z GKRb‡K wb‡`©k `vb
Ki‡jb, wZwb †hb †jvK‡ì‡K 20 ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ covb| wZwb Zv‡ì mv‡_
ïay weZi co‡ZbÕ|96
ZvnK¡xK¡: eY©bvwU hCd I gybKvi| G‡Z AvZv Beby mv‡qe I nv¤§v` Beby
ïÔAvBe bv‡g `yÕRb Î“wUc~Y© ivex i‡q‡Q| (K) AvZ¡v Beby mv‡qe m¤ú‡K© Bgvg
hvnvex e‡jb, Ô‡kl eq‡m Zvi eY©bv¸‡jv G‡jv‡g‡jv n‡q wM‡qwQj Ges
¯§„wZkw³ †jvc †c‡qwQjÕ|97
Beby gvCb e‡jb, ÔAvZv Beby mv‡qe eY©bv¸‡jv
wgwkªZ K‡i‡QÕ|
....
myZivs Zv‡K cwiZ¨vM Ki| KviY Zvi †Kvb Qnxn nv`xQ †bB; eis m¤ú~Y©B
wgwkªZ| ZvB Zvi nv`xQ Øviv `jxj MÖnY Kiv nq bvÕ|98
Bgvg BqvnBqv e‡jb,
ÔZvi eY©bv Øviv `jxj MÖnY Kiv nq bvÕ|99
Avngv` Beby Avex LvqQvgv e‡jb,
ÔZvi mg¯— nv`xQB hCdÕ|100
(L) nv¤§v` Beby ïÔAvBe m¤ú‡K© kvqL Avjevbx e‡jb, ÔwbðqB †m AZ¨š—
`ye©jÕ|101
Bgvg bvmvC Zv‡K hCd e‡j‡Qb|102
96. evqnvK¡x, mybvbyj Kzeiv nv/4620, 2/699 c„t|
97. -gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj 3/70 c„t|
100. -we¯—vwiZ †`Lyb: ZvnhxeyZ Zvnhxe 7/179-80 c„t; gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj
3/71 c„t|
101. -QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 66-67|
102. wgiÔAvZzj gvdvZxn 4/333 c„t|

Bgvg hvnvex e‡jb, ÔBeby gvCbmn Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏQMY Zv‡K hCd
e‡j‡QbÕ|103
Bgvg eyLvix (int) e‡jb, ÔGi g‡a¨ Î“wU i‡q‡QÕ|104
Bebyj
ûgvg nvbvdx e‡jb,
.
ÔBgvg eyLvix hw` †Kvb e¨w³ m¤ú‡K© e‡jb †h, Zvi g‡a¨ Î“wU i‡q‡Q, ZvnÕ‡j
Zvi eY©bv Øviv `jxj MÖnY Kiv hv‡e bvÕ|105
Bgvg eyLvix Zv‡K KL‡bv
gybKviI e‡j‡Qb|106
Avey nvwZg e‡jb, Ô†m wbf©i‡hvM¨ bqÕ|107
Bgvg
BqvnBqv e‡jb, ÔZvi ewY©Z nv`xQ wjwce× Kiv wVK bqÕ|108
Beby Av`x
e‡jb, nv¤§v` Beby ïÔAvBe †_‡K hZ nv`xQ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q meB gybKvi|109
AZGe G‡K wfwËnxb ejvB †kªq|
)(.
(10) AvZ¡v e‡jb, Avwg †jvK‡`i‡K weZimn 23 ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ Av`vq Kiv
Ae¯’vq †c‡qwQ|110
ZvnK¡xK¡: D³ eY©bvwUI c~‡e©v³ eY©bvi b¨vq hCd, gybKvi I Awfhy³| KviY
G eY©bv‡ZI c~‡e© Av‡jvwPZ gybKvi ivex AvZ¡v Beby mv‡qe i‡q‡Q|
)(..
.
104. -gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj 1/596; ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx 3/444 c„t|
107. -wgiÔAvZzj gvdvZxn 4/ 333 c„t|
108. -wgiÔAvZzj gvdvZxn 4/ 333 c„t|
109. gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj 1/596 ct|
110. Beby Avex kvqevn 2/285 (9)|

(11) Aveyj Avwjqvn e‡jb, Igi (ivt) DevB Beby KvÔe‡K ivgvhvb gv‡m
†jvK‡`i mv‡_ QvjvZ Av`v‡qi wb‡`©k w`‡qwQ‡jb| ... AZtci wZwb Zv‡`i
mv‡_ 20 ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ Av`vq K‡iwQ‡jb|111
ZvnK¡xK¡: G eY©bvwU hCd I gybKvi| Gi mb‡` Avey RvÔdi bv‡g GKRb
Î“wUhy³ ivex Av‡Q| hvi Avmj bvg Cmv Beby Avex Cmv gvnvb| Bgvg Avngv`
I bvmvC (int) e‡jb, Ô†m wbf©i‡hvM¨ bqÕ|112
Bgvg hvnvex Zuvi ÔhyÔAvdvÕ
MÖ‡š’ e‡jb, Avey hyiÔAvn Zvi m¤ú‡K© e‡j‡Qb, Ô†m cÖPzi fyj K‡iÕ|113
wZwb
Zuvi ÔAvj-KzbvÕ MÖ‡š’ e‡jb, ÔcÖ‡Z¨K gynvwÏQB Zv‡K Awfhy³ K‡i‡QbÕ|114
Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx e‡jb, Ô¯§„wZkw³‡Z Î“wU i‡q‡QÕ|115
Avj−vgv Bebyj
K¡vBwqg (691-751 wnt) e‡jb,
.
Ô†m cÖPzi gybKvi nv`xQ eY©bvKvix| †h nv`xQ¸‡jv †m GKKfv‡e eY©bv K‡i‡Q
†m¸‡jv †_‡K gynvwÏQMY KL‡bvB `jxj MÖnY K‡ibwbÕ|116
Beby wneŸvb e‡jb,
ÔcÖwm× ivex †_‡K GKKfv‡e A‡bK gybKvi nv`xQ eY©bvKvixÕ|117
kvqL
Avjevbx e‡jb, ÔGi mb` hCdÕ|118
GQvovI Qnxn nv`xQmg~‡ni m¤ú~Y©
we‡ivax|
)(
.
111. whqvDj gvK¡‡`mx, Avj-gyLZviv 1/384 c„t; QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 69|
112. -gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj 3/319-20 c„t|
113. - QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 69|
114. - QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 69|
115. -ZvK¡ixeyZ Zvnhxe, c„t 629|
116. Bebyj K¡vBwqg Avj-RvIwhqvn, hv`yj gvÔAv` 1/267 c„t; QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 69|
118. -QvjvZz Zvivexn, c„t 69|

(12) nvmvb Ave`yj Avhxh Beby ivdx nÕ‡Z ewY©Z, wZwb e‡jb, DevB Beby
KvÔe g`xbv‡Z †jvK‡ì mv‡_ ivgvhvb gv‡m wek ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ co‡Zb Ges
wZb ivKÔAvZ weZi co‡Zb|119
ZvnK¡xK¡: GwUI hCd I gybKvi| Avj−vgv bxgfx nvbvdx e‡jb, ÔAvãyj Avhxh
Be‡b ivdx DevB Beby KvÔe-Gi hyM cvqwbÕ|120
kvqL Avjevbx e‡jb, Ave`yj Avhxh I DevB Beby KvÔe (ivt)-Gi gv‡S
wew”QbœZv i‡q‡Q| KviY Zv‡ì Df‡qi g„Zzï gv‡S cÖvq 100 eQi A_ev Zvi
†P‡q †ekx cv_©K¨ i‡q‡QÕ|121
†hgb Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx Beby wneŸv‡bi
D×„wZ w`‡q e‡jb, Avãyj Avhx‡hi g„Zz¨ n‡q‡Q 130 wnRixi c‡i|122
Avi
DevB Beby KvÔe 32 wnRix‡Z g„ZzëiY K‡ib|123
myZivs DevB Beby KvÔe
m¤ú‡K© Giƒc D™¢U K_v cÖPvi Ki‡j GKRb Qvnvexi Dci wg_¨v Acev`
†Ìqv n‡e|
)(
.
(13) hv‡q` Beby Inve e‡jb, Ave`yj−vn Beby gvmÔD` (ivt) ivgvhvb gv‡m
Avgv‡ì‡K QvjvZ cwo‡q‡Qb| wZwb ivwÎ‡ZB cÖZ¨veZ©b Ki‡Zb| AvÔgvk
e‡jb, wZwb wek ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ co‡Zb Ges wZb ivKÔAvZ weZi
co‡Zb|124
119. gyQvbœvd Be‡b Avex kvqevn 2/285 (5)|
120. -wgiÔAvZzj gvdvZxn 4/334 c„t|
121. -
QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 67-68|
123. ZvK¡ixeyZ Zvnhxe, c„t 96|
124. Beby bvQi, wK¡qvgyj jvBj, c„t 71; QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 70|

ZvnK¡xK¡: eY©bvwU Rvj| †k‡li AskUzKz Rvj K‡i e„w× Kiv n‡q‡Q (
. )| AvÔgvk KZ…©K ewY©Z
†klvsk wfwËnxb| c~‡e©i AskUzKz ZveivYx‡Z G‡m‡Q|125
wKš‘ Zv hCd I
gybKvi| ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx MÖš’Kvi e‡jb,
.
ÔGwUI mb`MZ wew”QbœZvi Kvi‡Y hCd| †Kbbv AvÔgvk Beby gvmÔE` (ivt)-
Gi hyM cvbwbÕ|126
kvqL Avjevbx D³ e³‡e¨ GKgZ †cvlY K‡i e‡jb,
.
Ôeis Zv weåvwš—Ki| KviY AvÔgvk `ÕyRb ivexi ga¨¯’Zv QvovB mivmwi Beby
gvmÔE` †_‡K eY©bv K‡i‡QbÕ|127
AZGe RvjK…Z eY©bv MÖnY‡hvM¨ nIqvi
cÖkœB Av‡m bv|
)(
.
(14) Ave`yj−vn Beby K¡v‡qm e‡jb, ïZvBi Beby kvKj ivgvhvb gv‡m wek
ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ co‡Zb Ges weZi co‡Zb|128
ZvnK¡xK¡: G eY©bvwUI hCd Ges gybKvi| Gi mb‡` Ave`yj−vn Beby K¡v‡qm
bvgK ivex AZ¨š— `ye©j| Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx e‡jb, †m AcwiwPZ|129
125. ZveivYx, Avj-gyÔRvgyj Kvexi 9/317 c„t, nv/9588; gvRgvDh hvIqv‡q` 3/172 c„t;
we¯—vwiZ `ªt QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 71|
126. ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx 3/445 c„t, nv/803-Gi Av‡jvPbv|
128. Beby Avex kvqevn 2/285 (1); mybvbyj Kzeiv 2/699 c„t|

Bgvg hvnvex I Avh`x e‡jb, Ô†m AZ¨š— `ye©j Ges AcwiwPZÕ|130
GQvov Gi
c~Y©v½ mb` †bB|
(
.
(15) Aveyj LyQvBe e‡jb, myIqvB` Beby Mvdjvn ivgvhvb gv‡m Avgv‡ì
BgvgwZ Ki‡Zb| wZwb cuvP êV‡K (5 ×4)=20 ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ co‡ZbÕ|131
ZvnK¡xK¡: AvQviwU hCd I gybKvi| Gi mb‡` Aveyj LyQvBe i‡q‡Q| Zv‡K
gynvwÏQMY wP‡bb bv| Bgvg hvnvex Zvi m¤ú‡K© e‡jb, †m AcwiwPZ|132
wZwb
Ab¨Î e‡jb, ÔZvi cwiPq Rvbv hvq bvÕ|133
†gvj−v Avjx K¡vix nvbvdx cuvP
êV‡Ki eY©bv‡K `ye©j e‡j‡Qb|134
)(
.
(16) bv‡dÕ Beby Igi e‡jb, Beby Avex gyjvqKv ivgvhvb gv‡m Avgv‡ì mv‡_
wek ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡ZbÕ|135
ZvnK¡xK¡: eY©bvwU Rvj| Gi mb‡` Beby Avex gyjvqKvn bvgK GKRb cwiZ¨³
ivex i‡q‡Q| g~j bvg Ave`yi ingvb Be‡b AveyeKi| Bgvg eyLvix (int)
e‡jb, Ô†m nv`xQ RvjKvix|136
Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx I Beby gvCb Zv‡K
hCd e‡j‡Qb|137
Bgvg Avngv` e‡jb, ÔQnxn nv`x‡Qi we‡ivax eY©bvKvix
131. evqnvK¡x, mybvbyj Kzeiv nv/4619, 2/699 c„t|
133. -c~‡e©v³, 1/653 c„t|
134. wgiK¡vZ, 3/194 c„t|
135. gyQvbœvd Be‡b Avex kvqevn 2/285 (4)|
137. ZvK¡ixeyZ Zvnhxe, c„t 337; gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj 2/550 c„t|

wnmv‡e †m AMÖnY‡hvM¨Õ|138
Avey nv‡Zg e‡jb, Ônv`xQ eY©bvq †m wbf©i‡hvM¨
bqÕ|139
Bgvg bvmvC e‡jb, Ônv`x‡Qi cwiZ¨³ ivexÕ| KL‡bv wZwb e‡j‡Qb,
Ô†m wbf©i‡hvM¨ bqÕ|140
Beby Av`x I Beby mvÔ` e‡jb, Zvi mKj nv`xQ hCd
A_ev Rv‡ji ch©vqfy³|141
)(
.
(17) Avey BmnvK¡ †_‡K ewY©Z, nvwiQ ivgvhvb gv‡m ivwÎ‡Z †jvK‡ì BgvgwZ
Ki‡Zb| †mLv‡b wZwb 20 ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ co‡Zb Ges wZb ivKÔAvZ weZi
co‡Zb|142
ZvnK¡xK¡: G eY©bvwUI Rvj| Gi mb‡` nvwiQ I Avey BmnvK¡ bv‡g Î“wUc~Y© I
Awfhy³ `yÕRb ivex i‡q‡Q| nvwi‡Qi †Kvb cwiPq cvIqv hvq bv| Avi Avey
BmnvK¡ m¤ú‡K© Avj−vgv hvnvex e‡jb, Ô†m gybKvi eY©bvKvix‡ì Aš—fy©³Õ|143
Beby wneŸvb e‡jb, Ô†m hv eY©bv K‡i‡Q Zvi Øviv `jxj MÖnY Kiv êa bqÕ|144
)(.
(18) Aveyj evLZvix ivgvhvb gv‡m cuvP êV‡K (4×5=20) Zvivexn co‡Zb|
Avi wZb ivKÔAvZ weZi co‡Zb|145
ZvnK¡xK¡: GB AvQviwUI Rvj| cÖ_gZ: Gi mb‡` ewY©Z ivex¸‡jvi †Kvb
cwiPq †bB| wØZxqZ: Aveyj evLZvix GKRb wg_y¨K ivex| Avj−vgv hvnvex
138. -ZvnhxeyZ Zvnhxe 6/133 c„t|
139. -gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj 2/550 c„t; ZvnhxeyZ Zvnhxe 6/134 c„t|
140. -gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj 2/550 c„t; ZvnhxeyZ Zvnhxe 6/134 c„t|
141. ZvnhxeyZ Zvnhxe 6/133-34 c„t|
143. gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj 4/488 c„t|

e‡jb, Ô†Kvb hy‡MB Zvi cwiPq cvIqv hvqwbÕ|146
gynvwÏQ `ynvBm Zv‡K
wg_y¨K e‡j‡Qb| Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbxI Zvi Î“wU eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|147
)(
.
(19) mvC` Beby DevB` e‡jb, Avjx Beby iexÔAvn †jvK‡ì mv‡_ ivgvhvb
gv‡m cuvP êV‡K (4×5=20) Zvivexn co‡Zb Ges wZb ivKÔAvZ weZi
co‡Zb|148
ZvnK¡xK¡: eY©bvwU hCd ev Rvj I gybKvi| Gi mb‡` `ÕyRb ev‡R ivex Av‡Q|
Avjx Beby ivexÔAvn Avj-K¡vikx I mvC` Beby DevB`| Bgvg hvnvex Avjx
Beby iexÔAvn m¤ú‡K© Avey nv‡Zg-Gi gZ †cvlY K‡i e‡jb †h, wZwb Zv‡K
hCd e‡j‡Qb|149
mvC` Beby DevB` m¤ú‡K© Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx e‡jb,
†m AcwiwPZ|150
D‡j−L¨ †h, D³ 20, 21 I 23 ivKÔAvZ QvovI 24, 28, 36, ev 39, 40 ev
7 ivKÔAvZ weZimn 47 ivKÔAv‡ZiI wewfbœ eY©bv KwZcq MÖ‡š’ D‡j−wLZ
n‡q‡Q|151
wKš‘ 8 I 11 ivKÔAvZ Qvov Ab¨vb¨ †Kvb eY©bvi Qnxn wfwË †bB|
Qvnvex, Zv‡eC I cieZ©x weØvbM‡Yi bv‡g †h mg¯— eY©bv Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q
†m¸‡jvi meB wfwËnxb, ev‡bvqvU| cÖKvivš—‡i Zv‡ì Dci wg_¨v †ZvngZ
†Ìqv n‡q‡Q|
myax cvVK! DcwiD³ eY©bv¸‡jv AvR mgv‡R LyeB cÖPwjZ| Z‡e G ai‡bi
D™¢U eY©bv Av‡iv Av‡Q|152
KíbvcÖm~Z D³ eY©bv¸‡jvi DciB gvbyl Avgj
Ki‡Q| gyQvbœvd Be‡b Avex kvqevn, evqnvK¡x I gyQvbœv‡d Avãyi ivhhv‡Ki gZ
wbgœ‡kªYxi `yÕGKwU MÖ‡š’ G¸‡jvi ¯’vb n‡q‡Q, wbf©i‡hvM¨ †Kvb wKZv‡e
G¸‡jvi ¯’vb nqwb| wKš‘ †m¸‡jvI wek¦weL¨vZ wiRvjwe`M‡Yi m~² M‡elYvq
149. gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj 3/126 c„t|
151. gyQvbœvd Be‡b Avex kvqevn 2/285 (8, 10, 12)|
152. Dg`vZzj K¡vix 11/127 c„t|

hCd, Rvj I ev‡bvqvU cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| kvqL Avjevbx (int) G ms vš—
Av‡jvPbvi Dcmsnv‡i e‡jb,
.
ÔZvivexni ivKÔAvZ msL¨vi e¨vcv‡i cÖgvwYZ mybœv‡Zi (11 ivKÔAv‡Zi) Dc‡i
AwZwi³ msL¨vi c‡¶ Qvnvex‡`i †h mg¯— AvQvi ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, †m mg¯— eY©bv
m¤ú‡K© Avgiv hv Dcjwä Kijvg Zv‡Z me¸‡jvB hCd; Gi Øviv wKQzB mve¨¯—
nq bvÕ|153
G¶‡Y hw` ejv nq, GZ¸‡jv eY©bv _vK‡Z †Kb Avgj Kiv hv‡e bv? mg¯—
eY©bvB wK evwZj? ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi †QvÆ GKwU
evYxB D³ †¶v‡fi Reve nÕ‡Z cv‡i| wZwb e‡jb,
.
Ôgvby‡li Kx nÕj †h, Zviv AwaK kZ©v‡ivc Ki‡Q A_P Zv Avj−vni weav‡b
†bB| g‡b †iL, †h kZ© Avj−vni msweav‡b †bB Zv evwZj‡hvM¨ hw`I Zv
GKkÕ k‡Z©i †ekx nq| Avj−vni wm×vš—B me©vwaK Aåvš— Ges Zuvi kZ©B P~ovš—
Õ|154
AZGe nvhvi nvhvi eY©bv _vK‡jI Zv MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| KviY †m¸‡jv
Avj−vni weav‡b †bB| †m¸‡jv †Kej hCd, Rvj| Dnv _vKv Avi bv _vKv
GKB mgvb| GUvB gynvwÏQM‡Yi e³e¨|155
154. Qnxn eyLvix nv/2729, 1g LÊ, c„t 377, Ô†Mvjvg Avhv`Õ Aa¨vq; Qnxn gymwjg
nv/3779, 1g LÊ, c„t 494; wgkKvZ nv/2877, c„t 249; e½vbyev` 6ô LÊ, c„t 46,
nv/2752 Ô q-we qÕ Aa¨vq|
155.
-Avjevbx, QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 57|

Z…Zxq Aa¨vqZ…Zxq Aa¨vqZ…Zxq Aa¨vqZ…Zxq Aa¨vq
wek¦weL¨vZ gynvwÏQwek¦weL¨vZ gynvwÏQwek¦weL¨vZ gynvwÏQwek¦weL¨vZ gynvwÏQ
Ijvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi e³eÏjvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi e³eÏjvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi e³eÏjvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi e³e¨

wek¦weL¨vZ gynvwÏQ
Ijvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi e³e¨
(1) Avj−vgv QvbÔAvbx (1099-1182 wnt) 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi eY©bv mg~n‡K
wfwËnxb mve¨¯— Kivi ci e‡jb,
.
ÔG mg¯— Av‡jvPbv †_‡K Zzwg Dcjwä Ki‡Z cvi‡j †h, AwaKvsk †jvKB hviv
GB c×wZ‡Z (20 ivKÔAvZ) Zvivexni QvjvZ Av`v‡qi K_v e‡j‡Qb Avm‡j
Zv we`ÔAvZÕ|156
AZGe 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn †h wfwËnxb Bgvg QvbÔAvbx
†m wel‡q cwi®‹vi|
(2) Bebyj Avivex gv‡jKx (g„t 546 wnt) Zuvi wZiwghxi fvl¨MÖš’ ÔAv‡ihvZzj
AvnIqvhxÕ-†Z 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn ms vš— Av‡jvPbvi ci e‡jb,
....
.
ÔQnxn nÕj 11 ivKÔAvZ cov, hv wQj ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-
Gi ivwÎi QvjvZ| Avi Gi AwZwi³ †h ivKÔAvZ msL¨v i‡q‡Q g~jZt Zvi
†Kvb wfwË †bB Ges †Kvb mxgvI †bB| .... AZGe Zvivexni Qvjv‡Zi
e¨vcv‡i ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi AbymiY KivB
IqvwReÕ|157
(3) kvqL Avjevbx (int) e‡jb,
156
. -Bgvg gynv¤§v` web BmgvCj
AvQ-QvbÔAvbx, myeyjym mvjvg ki‡n eyj~¸j gvivg (ˆei“Z: `vi“j wKZvwej Avivex,
1990/1410 wnt), 2q LÊ, c„t 22, nv/347-Gi Av‡jvPbv, Ôbdj QvjvZÕ Aby‡”Q`|
157
. Bebyj Avivex Avj-gv‡jKx, Av‡ihvZzj AvnIqvhx, 4_© LÊ, c„t 19; QvjvZzZ Zvivexn,
c„t 80|

.
ÔwbðqB cÖ‡Z¨K b¨vqcivqY Ávbx e¨w³i wbKU my¯úó n‡q‡Q †h, Qvnvex‡ì
†Kvb GKR‡bi c¶ †_‡KI 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexni QvjvZ Qnxn e‡j cÖgvwYZ
nqwbÕ|158
(4) kvqL gynv¤§v` web Qv‡jn Avj-DQvqgxb (1347-1421 wnt/1927-2001
L„t) Zuvi ÔgvRvwjmy kvnwi ivgvhvbÕ MÖ‡š’ e‡jb, ivKÔAvZ msL¨vi e¨vcv‡i 41,
39, 29, 23, 19, 13, 11 BZ¨vw` e³e¨ i‡q‡Q|
.
Z‡e G mg¯— e³‡eï g‡a¨ Avwg 11 ev 13 ivKÔAvZ‡KB me©vwaK cÖvavb¨ w`‡q
_vwKÕ| †hgb Av‡qkv (ivt) †_‡K ewY©Z n‡q‡Q... Ges mv‡qe Beby Bqvhx`
†_‡K Igi (ivt)-Gi 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi wb‡`©k i‡q‡Q, hv wZwb DevB Beby KvÔe
I Zvgxgy` `vix‡K K‡iwQ‡jbÕ|159
cÖL¨vZ nvbvdx Ijvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi e³e¨:
Avgiv c~‡e©i Av‡jvPbvq Avj−vgv hvqjvC, eì“Ïxb Avqbx, Bebyj ûgvg,
Avj−vgv bxgfx cÖgyL Ijvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi e³e¨ †ck K‡iwQ| hviv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB
nvbvdx gvhnv‡ei kxl©¯’vbxq weØvb| wb‡gœ Av‡iv K‡qKRb kxl©¯’vbxq cwÊ‡Zi
e³e¨ Dc¯’vcb Kiv nj:
(5) Avj−vgv AvbIqvi kvn Kvk¥xix nvbvdx (1292-1352 wnt) Qnxn eyLvixi
fvl¨MÖš’ Ôdvqhyj evix'†Z e‡jb,
ÔwbðqB Zvivexni QvjvZ 13 ivKÔAv‡Zi AwZwi³ gvid‚Õ m~‡Î cÖgvwYZ nqwb;
Z‡e hCd m~‡Î Av‡QÕ| A_©vr wZwb 13-Gi AwaK msL¨v eY©bv¸‡jv‡K hCd
e‡j‡Qb|160
158
. QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 75|
159
. gynv¤§v` web Qv‡jn Avj-DQvqgxb, gvRvwjmy kvnwi ivgvhvb (mE`x Avie: IqvhvivZzk
ïq~b Avj-Bmjvwgqvn, 1419 wnt), 1/33 c„t|
160
. AvbIqvi kvn Kvk¥xix, dvqhyj evix Avjv Qnxwnj eyLvix (w`j−x: iveŸvbx eyK wWcy,
Zvwe), 2q LÊ, c„t 420|

D‡j−L¨ †h, D³ 13 ivKÔAv‡Zi 8 ivKÔAvZ Zivexn, 3 ivKÔAvZ weZi Ges
evKx 2 ivKÔAvZ dR‡ii c~‡e©i `yB ivKÔAvZ mybœvZ A_ev Zvnv¾y` QvjvZ
ïi“ Kivi c~‡e©i msw¶ß `yB ivKÔAvZ| Qnxn eyLvix I gymwj‡g GB `yÕiKg
eY©bvB G‡m‡Q|161
wZiwghxi fvl¨MÖš’ ÔAvj-Avidzk kvhxÕ‡Z wZwb e‡jb,
.
Ôbex Kixg (Qvt) †_‡K Qnxn m~‡Î 8 ivKÔAvZB cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| Avi 20
ivKÔAv‡Zi mb` hCd cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q; eis Zv (mKj gynvwÏ‡Qi wbKU)
me©m¤§wZ ‡g hCdÕ|162
wZwb Av‡iv Ø¨_©nxb K‡É e‡jb,
.
ÔAZxe ev¯—e wel‡q AvZ¥mgc©Y Kiv Qvov †Kvb Dcvq †bB †h, wbðqB
ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi Zvivexni QvjvZ wQj 8
ivKÔAvZÕ|163
(6) Ô‡n`vqvnÕi fvl¨Kvi Avj−vgv Bebyj ûgvg (g„t 681 wnt) Zvivexni
ivKÔAvZ msL¨vi e¨vcv‡i wek` Av‡jvPbvi ci e‡jb,
.
ÔG mg¯— Av‡jvPbv †_‡K cÖgvwYZ nÕj †h, ivgvhv‡bi iv‡Zi QvjvZ
RvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_ weZimn 11 ivKÔAvZ cov mybœvZ, hv ¯^qs ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû
AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) Av`vq K‡i‡QbÕ|164
(7) Dcgnv‡`‡ki L¨vZbvgv nvbvdx gbxlx Ave`yj nvB jv‡¶èŠfx Rvwei (ivt)
ewY©Z 8 ivKÔAv‡Zi nv`xQ D×„Z Kivi ci wØavnxbwP‡Ë e‡jb,
161
. Qnxn eyLvix nv/1140 ÔZvnv¾y`Õ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-9; Qnxn gymwjg nv/1803-4,
Ôgymvwd‡ii QvjvZÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-134|
162
. AvbIqvi kvn Kvk¥xix, Avj-Avidzk kvhx ki‡n weRv‡gÕ wZiwghx (†`Ie›`: gyLZvi GÛ
†Kv¤úvbx, 1985), 1g LÊ, c„t 166, Ôivgvhvb gv‡m ivwÎi QvjvZÕ Aby‡”Q`, ÔwQqvgÕ Aa¨vq|
163
. ki‡n wZiwghx, 1g LÊ, c„t 166|
164
. dvrûj K¡v`xi 1g LÊ, c„t 407 (2q LÊ, c„t 448)|
wek¦weL¨vZ gynvwÏQ Ijvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi e³e¨

.
Ô†gvÏvK_v nÕj, hw` cÖkœ Kiv nq ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) †h
ivZ¸‡jv‡Z Zvivexn c‡owQ‡jb Zv KZ ivKÔAvZ wQj? Zvn‡j Rvwei (ivt)
KZ…©K ewY©Z nv`x‡Qi Av‡jv‡K Gi DËi n‡e 8 ivKÔAvZ c‡owQ‡jb| Avi hw`
cÖkœ Kiv nq, wZwb wK KL‡bv 20 ivKÔAvZ c‡o‡Qb? Zvn‡j DËi n‡e, nu¨v G
g‡g© hCd nv`xQ i‡q‡QÕ|165
(8) Ave`yj nK¡ gynvwÏQ †`njfx nvbvdx (958-1052 wnt/1551-1642 L„t)
e‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) nÕ‡Z wek ivKÔAv‡Zi †Kvb
Qnxn nv`xQ †bB|
.
ÔAvi Zuvi c¶ nÕ‡Z wek ivKÔAv‡Zi †h eY©bv i‡q‡Q Zvi mb` hCd, eis
hCd nIqvi †¶‡Î mKj gynvwÏQ GKgZÕ|166
(9) kvn AwjDj−vn gynvwÏQ †`njfx (1114-1176 wnt) ÔgyIqvË¡v gv‡jKÕ-Gi
fvl¨ ÔAvj-gyQvddvÕ MÖ‡š’ †NvlYv K‡ib †h, ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv
mvj−vg)-Gi Avgj Øviv Zvivexni QvjvZ weZimn 11 ivKÔAvZB cÖgvwYZÕ|167
(10) evsjvi AvKv‡k †jLbx RM‡Zi GK Abb¨ w`Kcvj gvIjvbv gynv¤§v`
Avãyi inxg (1918-1987) Zvi Ônv`xm kixdÕ MÖ‡š’ wek ivKÔAv‡Zi `yÕwU
eY©bv D‡j−L K‡i e‡jb, ÔwKš‘ GB nv`xQØ‡qi mb` `ye©jÕ| AZtci wZwb Qnxn
eyLvix, gymwjg I gymbv‡` Avngv` †_‡K Av‡qkv (ivt)-Gi ewY©Z 8
ivKÔAv‡Zi nv`xQ D‡j−Lc~e©K e‡jb, ÔGB nv`xQ nB‡Z eySv hvq †h, bex Kixg
(Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) Zvivexni bvgvh gvÎ AvU ivKÔAvZ cwo‡Zb,
Bnvi ci weZ‡ii QvjvZ cwo‡Zb| ... Bnv nB‡ZI Zvivexn bvgvh AvU
ivKÔAvZB cÖgvwYZ nqÕ|168
165
. Avjevbx, bvgv‡h Zvivexn (D`~©), Abyev`: gynv¤§v` Qv‡`K¡ Ljxj (dvqQvjvev`: whqvDm
mybœvn, 1407 wnt), c„t 34-35, UxKv bs 2, M„nxZ: ZzndvZzj AvLevi, c„t 28|
166
. dvrû wmiwij gvbœvb wj ZvC‡` gvhnv‡e byÔgvb, c„t 327|
167
. kvn AwjDj−vn gynvwÏQ †`njfx, Avj-gyQvddv ki‡n gv‡jK gyIqvË¡v (dvm©x), c„t 177|
168
. gvIjvbv gynv¤§v` Ave`yi inxg, nv`xm kixd (XvKv: LvBi“b cÖKvkbx, †deª“qvix,
1999), 2q LÊ, c„t 218, ÔZvivexni bvgvhÕ Aby‡”Q`|

PZz_© Aa¨vqPZz_© Aa¨vqPZz_© Aa¨vqPZz_© Aa¨vq
Pvi Bgv‡gi `„wó‡ZPvi Bgv‡gi `„wó‡ZPvi Bgv‡gi `„wó‡ZPvi Bgv‡gi `„wó‡Z
Zvivexn&i ivKÔAvZ msL¨vZvivexn&i ivKÔAvZ msL¨vZvivexn&i ivKÔAvZ msL¨vZvivexn&i ivKÔAvZ msL¨v

Pvi Bgv‡gi `„wó‡Z
Zvivexn&i ivKÔAvZ msL¨v
(1) Bgvg Avey nvbxdv (80-150 wnt)-Gi c¶ †_‡K Zuvi Abymvixiv e‡j
_v‡Kb †h, Zvivexni QvjvZ wek ivKÔAvZ| Bgvg Avey BDmyd (in:) Zuv‡K
Zvivexn m¤ú‡K© wR‡Ám Ki‡j wZwb Igi (ivt)-Gi hy‡Mi w`‡K Bw½Z K‡ib
Ges 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi K_v e‡jb|169
wKš‘ D³ e³‡eï †Kvb mZ¨Zv cvIqv
hvq bv| †hgb Avj−vgv AvbIqvi kvn Kvk¥xix nvbvdx wb‡RB cÖwZev` K‡i
e‡j‡Qb, ÔhwÌ D³ K_v wbf©i‡hvM¨ m~‡Î
Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡QwbÕ|170
G¶‡Y Zuvi e³e¨ hw` mwVKI nq ZeyI wK Zv MÖnY‡hvM¨? KviY Igi (ivt)
KL‡bv 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn&i wb‡`©k †`bwb| Zuvi hy‡M wek ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn
Pvjy wQj e‡j †h K_v cÖPwjZ Av‡Q, ZviI †Kvb Qnxn wfwË †bB| hv Avgiv
c~‡e© Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ| myZivs `ye©j wfwËi Dci cÖwZwôZ †Kvb e³e¨
MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡Z cv‡i bv|
(2) Bgvg gv‡jK (93-179 wnt) m¤ú‡K© 36 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexni K_v ejv
n‡q _v‡K, wKš‘ Zv mwVK bq| KviY Zuvi wbR¯^ e³e¨ Øviv 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi
K_vB cÖgvwYZ nq| †hgb- gynvwÏQ Aveyj gvbQzi Avj-Ryix (g„t 469 wnt)
Bgvg gv‡jK †_‡K eY©bv K‡ib,
.
ÔwZwb e‡jb, Igi Bebyj LvË¡ve (ivt) †jvK‡ì‡K hvi Dc‡i GKwÎZ
K‡iwQ‡jb Avgvi wbKU Zv-B me©vwaK cm›`bxq| Avi wZwb hv Pvjy K‡iwQ‡jb
169.
-Avj-Avidzk kvhx ki‡n wZiwghx mn 1g LÊ, c„t 101 I 166 `ªt|
170. Avj-Avidzk kvhx ki‡n wZiwghx 1g LÊ, c„t 166, 25 bs jvBb|

Zv wQj 11 ivKÔAvZ| Avi GUvB wQj ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−û AvjvBwn Iqv
mvj−vg)-Gi QvjvZÕ| AZtci Zuv‡K cÖkœ Kiv nÕj, weZimn 11 ivKÔAvZ?
wZwb DË‡i e‡jb, nu¨vÕ| Gici gynvwÏQ Avj-Ryix we¯§‡qi mv‡_ e‡jb,
ÔAvwg AeMZ bB †h, †Kv_v
†_‡K (Zuvi bv‡g) Gi AwaK ivKÔAvZ msL¨v Avwe®K…Z nÕj? 171
Ab¨vbïvI Giƒc gš—e¨ K‡i‡Qb| GQvov Zuvi nv`x‡Qi wKZve ÔgyIqvË¡vÕ†ZI
wZwb cÖ_‡g Igi (ivt)-Gi wb‡`©wkZ 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi nv`xQ D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb|
hwÌ wZwb Zvici Bqvhx` Beby iƒgvb ewY©Z 20 ivKÔAv‡ZiI GKwU eY©bv
D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb, hv gynvwÏQM‡Yi HKg‡Z¨ hCd I gybKvi|172
D‡j−L¨ †h, ejv n‡q _v‡K g`xbv‡Z 41 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn Pvjy wQj| G
K_vwUiI wbf©i‡hvM¨ †Kvb wfwË †bB| KviY Bgvg gv‡jK (int)-Gi Rb¥
†hgb g`xbv‡Z, †Zgwb wZwb †mLv‡bB wk¶v jvf K‡ib Ges gmwR‡`
beex‡ZB AvRxeb nv`x‡Qi ìm cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| wZwb 179 wnRix‡Z gviv
hvb|173
myZivs Zuvi g„Zz¨ ch©š— g`xbv‡Z 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi AwZwi³ QvjvZ Pvjy
nqwb e‡jB cÖgvwYZ nq| †mB mv‡_ Igi (ivt) g`xbv‡Z †h 11 ivKÔAvZB
Pvjy K‡iwQ‡jb ZvI Bgvg gv‡j‡Ki eY©bv Øviv cÖgvwYZ nq| ZvB Zuvi bv‡g
20 ivKÔAvZ cÖgvY Kivi †Kvb my‡hvM †bB|
(3) Zvivexni ivKÔAvZ msL¨vi e¨vcv‡i Bgvg kv‡dC (150-204 wnt)-Gi
¯úó †Kvb e³e¨ cvIqv hvq bv|174
Bgvg wZiwghx (209-279 wnt) Igi I
Avjx (ivt)-Gi bv‡g Kw_Z 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi e¨vcv‡i Bgvg kv‡dCi †h mg_©b
Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb Zv `ye©j, Awfhy³ I Î“wUc~Y©| KviY wZwb D³ e³e¨
(Kw_Z) kã Øviv D×„Z K‡i‡Qb|175
ZvQvov Bgvg kv‡dCi D³ e³e¨
m¤ú‡K© Bgvg evqnvK¡x e‡j‡Qb †h, ÔGUv Av‡jg‡ì HwZnvwmK Kíbv
172. wØZxq Aa¨v‡q 7 bs nv`x‡Qi Av‡jvPbv `ªt|
173. W. gynv¤§v` Kv‡gj ûmvBb, Bgvg gv‡jK I gyIqvË¡v wKZve, `ªt gyIqvË¡v gv‡jK
(êi“Z: `vi“j KzZze Avj-Bjwgqvn, Zvwe), f~wgKv|
174.
-evqnvK¡x, gvÔ‡idvZzm mybvb 4/207, nv/1443; dvrûj evix 4/319 c„t|
175. wZiwghx nv/806-Gi Av‡jvPbv, 1g /166 c„t|

gvÎÕ|176
we‡kl K‡i Bgvg kv‡dCI Igi (ivt)-Gi bv‡g D×„Z e³eÜzKz
kã Øviv D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb|177
Avi gynvwÏQM‡Yi bxwZ nÕj, †Kvb AcÖgvwYZ, `ye©j I wfwËnxb e³e¨ D×„Z
Ki‡j Zuviv (Kw_Z) kã Øviv D‡j−L K‡ib|178
eySv †Mj Bgvg kv‡dC
(int) wb‡RB 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi eY©bv‡K `ye©j I Kw_Z ej‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| wbðqB
wZwb 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi c‡¶ wQ‡jb bv| Abyiƒc Bgvg wZiwghxi wbK‡UI D³
e³e¨ MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| ZvB wZwbI Abyiƒc kã ØvivB Bgvg‡ì K_v¸‡jv D‡j−L
K‡i‡Qb|
(4) Bgvg Avngv` (164-241 wnt)-Gi e¨vcv‡iI †Kvb wbw`©ó ivKÔAvZ msL¨v
cvIqv hvq bv, eis wZwb wbw`©ó ivKÔAvZ msL¨vi we‡ivax wQ‡jb|
Beby Zvqwgqvi e³‡eï Ace¨vL¨v:
Bgvg Beby Zvqwgqvn (661-728 wnt) 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi c‡¶ gZ †cvlY
K‡i‡Qb e‡j †KD †KD mgv‡R Zzgyj cÖPviYv Pvjv‡”Qb| A_P Zvi dvZvIqvi
MÖ‡š’ Zvivexni ivKÔAvZ msL¨vi e¨vcv‡i wZwb Av‡jg‡ì wewfbœ gZvgZ †ck
K‡i‡Qb gvÎ| wZwb 20, 39 Ges 13 ivKÔAv‡Zi †gvU wZbwU gZ D‡j−L
K‡i‡Qb| g~jZ wZwb Avngv` web nv¤^‡ji b¨vq Awbw`©ó ivKÔAvZ msL¨vi
c‡¶| †hgb wZwb gZvgZ D‡j−L Kivi ci e‡j‡Qb,
.
Ô†mvRv K_v GB †h, D³ cÖ‡Z¨KwU gZB fvj, †hgb Bgvg Avngv` D³ wel‡q
eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| wZwb wK¡qv‡g ivgvhvb m¤ú‡K© †Kvb ivKÔAvZ msL¨v wbw`©ó
K‡ibwbÕ|179
AZtci Beby Zvqwgqvn cÖvavb¨ w`‡Z wM‡q e‡j‡Qb,
.
176. -gvÔ‡idvZzm mybvb 4/205, nv/1441|
177. gvÔ‡idvZzm mybvb 4/205, nv/1441; Avj-gyhvbx, Avj-gyLZvQvi 1/107 c„t-Gi
eiv‡Z QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 55|
178. Qnxn gymwjg, gyK¡vÏvgvn ki‡n beexmn 1/8 c„t, Aby‡”Q` 1-Gi fvl¨ `ªt|
179. †`Lyb: Beby Zvqwgqvn, gvRg~ÔD dvZvIqv 23/112-13 c„t|
PZz_© Aa¨vq : Pvi Bgv‡gi `„wó‡Z Zvivexn&i ivKÔAvZ msL¨v

ÔAek¨ ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) wK¡ivAvZ `xN© Kivi gva¨‡g
11 ev 13 ivKÔAvZB c‡o‡Qb| AZtci mvaviY †jvKRb `ye©jZvi Kvi‡Y
wK¡ivAvZ `xN© Kivi cwie‡Z© ivKÔAvZ msL¨v 39 ch©š— K‡i‡Q|180
Bgvg Beby Zvqwgqvn (int)-Gi D³ e³‡e¨ ¯úó n‡q †M‡Q †h, 11 I 13
ivKÔAv‡Zi AwZwi³ ivKÔAvZ msL¨v RbMYB wewfbœ ARynv‡Z Pvjy K‡i‡Q| hv
kixÔAv‡Zi Aš—f©y³ n‡Z cv‡i bv| AZGe Pvi Bgv‡gi gva¨‡gI Kw_Z wek
ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn mve¨¯— nÕj bv|
Bgvg‡ì bv‡g D×„Z wZiwghxi e³‡eï ch©v‡jvPbv:
Bgvg wZiwghx (209-279) Aveyhvi (ivt) KZ…©K ewY©Z ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû
AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi wZbw`b Zvivexn covi nv`xQ D‡j−L K‡i wZwb
weØvbM‡Yi wb‡gœv³ gZvgZ †ck K‡i‡Qb-
.
ÔAv‡jgMY ivgvhvb gv‡m ivwÎi Qvjv‡Zi e¨vcv‡i gZv‰bK¨ K‡i‡Qb| Zv‡ì
Kv‡iv g‡Z weZi mn 41 ivKÔAvZ| GUv g`xbvevmxi e³e¨| Zv‡ì g‡Z
g`xbv‡ZI G Avgj i‡q‡Q| AwaKvsk Av‡jg Igi, Avjx QvovI Qvnvex‡ì
bv‡g Kw_Z 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi †h e³e¨ G‡m‡Q Zvi c‡¶| GUv mywdqvb QvIix,
Bebyj gyeviK I kv‡dCi e³e¨| kv‡dC e‡jb, Avwg GiƒcB Avgv‡ì kni
g°vq †c‡qwQ †h, Zviv 20 ivKÔAvZ coZ| Bgvg Avngv` e‡jb, G e¨vcv‡i
A‡bK i‡Oi eY©bv G‡m‡Q| G m¤ú‡K© wbw`©ó †Kvb mgvavb †bB| BmnvK¡ e‡j,
Avgiv 41 ivKÔAvZ cm›` Kwi, hv DevB Beby KvÔe †_‡K Kw_Z Av‡QÕ|181
180. dvZvIqv Beby Zvqwgqvn 23/113 c„t|
181. wZiwghx 1g LÊ, c„t 166|

Bgvg wZiwghxi D³ gš—‡e¨ A‡b‡K weå‡g cwZZ n‡q‡Qb| welqwU m~²fv‡e
Dcjwä Kivi AvnŸvb Rvbvw”Q|
cÖ_gZ: Bgvg wZiwghx GLv‡b weØvb‡ì gZvgZ D‡j−L Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb gvÎ|
wZwb GB gZvgZ `jxj wnmv‡e †ck K‡ibwb| `jxj wnmv‡e †ck Ki‡j Zuvi
bxwZ Abyhvqx Gi c‡¶ †Kvb nv`xQ †ck Ki‡Zb| wKš‘ wZwb Kw_Z 41 ev 20
ivKÔAv‡Zi c‡¶ ewY©Z †Kvb nv`xQ Zuvi MÖ‡š’ ¯’vb †`bwb|
eis wZwb 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi nv`xQ D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb|182
ZvB G wb‡q gvZvgvwZi
wKQz †bB|
wØZxqZ: 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi AskUzKz wZwb (Kw_Z Av‡Q) kã Øviv D‡j−L
K‡i‡Qb| Bgvg kv‡dC (int)-Gi e³eÜzKzI Ab¨Î GKB kã Øviv Dwj−wLZ
n‡q‡Q|183
Gi gva¨‡g Bgvg wZiwghx wb‡RB D³ gZvgZ‡K hCd I Awfhy³
nIqvi cÖwZ Bw½Z K‡i‡Qb| KviY gynvwÏQM‡Yi bxwZ nÕj, Zuviv hLb `ye©j,
Awfhy³ I Î“wUc~Y© eY©bv D‡j−L Ki‡Z Pvb ZLb (Kw_Z Av‡Q) kã Øviv
D‡j−L K‡ib| †hgb-
.
Ôwe‡klÁ gynvwÏQ Ijvgv‡q †Kivg mn Ab¨vb¨ weØvbMY e‡j‡Qb, hLb †Kvb
nv`xQ hCd cÖgvwYZ n‡e ZLb eY©bvi †¶‡Î ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv
mvj−vg) e‡j‡Qb, K‡i‡Qb, wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb, wb‡la K‡i‡Qb, wm×vš— w`‡q‡Qb
Ges Giƒc Ab¨vb¨ `„pZv evPK †Kvb kã cÖ‡qvM Kiv hv‡e bv| Abyiƒc
QvnvexM‡Yi †¶‡ÎI bv| †hgb- Avey ûivqivn (ivt) eY©bv K‡i‡Qb, e‡j‡Qb,
D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb, msev` w`‡q‡Qb A_ev Giƒc Ab¨vb¨ kãI ejv hv‡e bv|
GgbwK Zv‡eC I Zv‡ì cieZ©x‡ì e¨vcv‡iI Giƒc ejv hv‡e bv, hw` Zv
182. wZiwghx 1/99 c„t, nv/439|
183. Avj-gyhvbx, Avj-gyLZvQvi 1/107 c„t-Gi eiv‡Z QvjvZz Zvivexn, c„t 55|
PZz_© Aa¨vq : Pvi Bgv‡gi `„wó‡Z Zvivexn&i ivKÔAvZ msL¨v

`ye©j cÖgvwYZ nq| eis DcwiD³ †¶Îmg~‡n ej‡Z n‡e, ÔZvi †_‡K Kw_Z ev
ewY©Z Av‡Q, D×„Z n‡q‡Q A_ev wee„Z n‡q‡QÕ...| 184
eySv †Mj Bgvg wZiwghxI Î“wU AvKv‡iB Bgvg‡ì gZvgZ¸‡jv D‡j−L
K‡i‡Qb| Gi gva¨‡g hCd nv`x‡Qi cÖwZ gynvwÏQM‡Yi †h N„Yv‡eva ZvI dz‡U
D‡V‡Q|
Z…ZxqZ: †Kvb Bgvg, gynvwÏQ, dK¡xn hw` kviC wel‡q †Kvb K_v e‡jb A_ev
Zvi c¶ †_‡K ejv nq Zvn‡j Zvi wcQ‡b Aek¨B kviC `jxj gIRy` _vK‡Z
n‡e| †mB mv‡_ D³ `jxj Qnxn n‡Z n‡e|
Bgvg wZiwghxi D×„Z As‡ki c‡¶ †Kvb Qnxn `jxj †bB e‡jB wZwb gš—e¨
AvKv‡i †ck K‡i‡Qb| myZivs †KD hw` Zv‡ì D³ e³e¨ MÖnY Ki‡Z Pvq
Zvn‡j Aek¨B Zv‡K Zvi c‡¶ Qnxn `jxj †ck Ki‡Z n‡e| KviY GUv
kixÔAvZ| GLv‡b e¨w³i K_vi †Kvb g~j¨ †bB| Ab¨_v Bgvg‡ì Dci wg_¨v
Acev` †Ìqv n‡e|
`yBwU we‡kl g~jbxwZ
(GK) †h‡Kvb kviC e³e¨ `jxj wfwËK nIqv:
kviC wel‡q †Kvb wjLbx ev e³e¨ Dc¯’vcb Ki‡j Zv `jxjwfwËK n‡Z n‡e|
†K KZ eo Bgvg ev weØvb Zv †`Lvi welq bq| Ab¨_v Zvi K_vi †Kvb g~j¨
†bB| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb,
.
ÔmyZivs †Zvgiv hw` bv Rvb Zvn‡j ¯úó `jxjmn Avn‡j whwKi‡ì wR‡Ám
KiÕ (m~iv bvnj 43-44)| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) I Qvnvev‡q
†Kivg `jx‡ji wfwË‡ZB gvbyl‡K AvnŸvb Rvbv‡Zb (m~iv BDmyd 108; bvRg 3-4;
nv-°vn 44-46)| nv`x‡QI Gai‡bi AMwYZ cÖgvY i‡q‡Q|185
Bmjv‡gi
BwZnv‡m cÖwm× Pvi Bgvgmn gynvwÏQ Ijvgv‡q †KivgI `jx‡ji wfwË‡Z
gvbyl‡K AvnŸvb Rvbv‡Zb| †hgb-
(K) Bgvg Avey nvbxdv (80-150wnt) e‡jb,
184. †`Lyb: Bgvg beex, gyK¡vÏvgvn ki‡n gymwjg, Aby‡”Q` 2-Gi †klvsk c„: 8; Avj-
gvRg~Ô kviûj gynvhhve 1g LÊ, c„t 63; Zvgvgyj wgbœvn, c„t 39|
185. Qnxn eyLvix nv/5765, 2q LÊ, c„t 858, ÔwPwKrmvÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-48; bvmvC,
Avj-Kzeiv nv/11174, 6/343 c„t; `v‡igx nv/202, mb` nvmvb, wgkKvZ nv/166;
e½vbyev` wgkKvZ nv/159, 1/123 c„t; Qnxn eyLvix nv/1465, 1g LÊ, c„t 198,
ÔhvKvZÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-46; gyËvdvK¡ AvjvBn, wgkKvZ nv/5162|

.
ÔH e¨w³i c‡¶ Avgv‡`i †Kvb e³e¨ MÖnY Kiv nvjvj bq, †h m¤ú‡K© †m
Rv‡b bv Avgiv Dnv †Kv_vq †_‡K MÖnY K‡iwQÕ|186
(L) Bgvg gv‡jK (93-179wnt) e‡jb,
.
ÔAvwg GKRb gvbyl gvÎ| Avwg fyj wm×vbI †`B mwVKI †`B| AZGe Avgvi
wm×vš—¸‡jv †Zvgiv hvPvB Ki| †h mg¯— wm×vš— KziAvb I mybœvn †gvZv‡eK
cvI †m¸‡jv MÖnY Ki Avi †h¸‡jv cv‡e bv †m¸‡jv cwiZ¨vM KiÕ|187
(M) Bgvg kv‡dC (150-204wnt) e‡jb,
.
ÔhLb Zzwg Avgvi †Kvb K_v nv`x‡Qi ei‡Ljvd †`L‡e, ZLb nv`x‡Qi Dci
Avgj Ki‡e Ges Avgvi K_v‡K †`Iqv‡j Quy‡o gvi‡eÕ|188
(N) Bgvg Avngv` (164-241wnt) e‡jb,
.
ÔZzwg Avgvi ZvK¡jx` Ki bv, gv‡jK, AvIhvC, bvLC ev Ab¨ Kv‡ivI ZvK¡jx`
Ki bv| eis mgvavb MÖnY Ki wKZve I mybœvn †_‡K, †hLvb †_‡K Zuviv MÖnY
K‡i‡QbÕ|189
186. BÔjvgyj gyAv‡°Cb 2q LÊ, c„t 309; Beby Av‡e`xb, nvwkqv evni“i iv‡qK¡ 6ô LÊ, c„t
293; wQdvZz QvjvwZb bvex, c„t 46|
187. kviû gyLZvQvi Ljxj wjj KviLx 21/213 c„t|
188. Avj-LyjvQv dx Avmevwej BLwZjvd, c„t 108; kvn AwjDj−vn †`njfx, BK¡`yj Rx`
dx AvnKvwgj BRwZnv` IqvZ ZvK¡jx` (Kvq‡iv: Avj-gvZevAvZzm mvjvwdqvn,
1345wnt), c„t 27|
189. BK¡`yj Rx` dx AvnKvwgj BRwZnv` IqvZ ZvK¡jx`, c„t 28|
Pvi Bgv‡gi `„wó‡Z Zvivexn&i ivKÔAvZ msL¨v

(`yB) D³ `jxj Qnxn mve¨¯— nIqv:
kixÔAvZ MÖnY Kivi Av‡iKwU Ab¨Zg kZ© nÕj H `jxjwU Qnxn nIqv| hCd,
Rvj ev Î“wUc~Y© n‡j Pj‡e bv| KviY nv`xQ Rvj Kiv, kixÔAv‡Zi bv‡g bZzb
†Kvb Avgj ˆZix Kiv Ges Anxi weav‡bi Ace¨vL¨v Kiv cwi®‹vi nvivg
(AvbÔAvg 144; AvÔivd 33; ûRyivZ 6)| Aciw`‡K bex Kixg (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn
Iqv mvj−vg) G e¨vcv‡i K‡Vvi wb‡lavÁv Av‡ivc K‡i‡Qb|190
Qvnvev‡q
†KivgI hCd I Rvj nv`x‡Qi wei“‡× m‡PZb wQ‡jb| AZGe Av¯’vnxb,
Î“wUc~Y©, Awfhy³, cvcvPvix, dvwmK †kªYxi †jv‡Ki eY©bv †Kvb ‡gB
MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| hZ¶Y ch©š— b¨vqcivqY e¨w³i c¶ †_‡K wbf©i‡hvM¨ m~‡Î
cÖgvwYZ bv n‡e| G Rb¨ nv`xQ hCd cÖgvwYZ nÕ‡j Zv kixÔAv‡Zi `jxj
nIqvi cÖkœB Av‡m bv| KviY Bmjvg m¤ú~Y© Î“wUgy³| Gi weavb AwZ ¯^”Q,
Aåvš—, AKvU¨, AcÖwZ‡iva¨ (AvbÔAvg 116)| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv
mvj−vg) e‡jb,
.
ÔAvwg †Zvgv‡`i wbKU m¤ú~Y© `xwßgvb I AwZ ¯^”Q Øxb wb‡q G‡mwQÕ|191
cÖwm× Pvi Bgvgmn Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏQMYI Gi wei“‡× msMÖvg K‡i †M‡Qb|
†hgb-
cÖwm× Pvi Bgv‡gi g~jbxwZ:
(1) Bgvg Avey nvbxdv (80-150wnt)-Gi P~ovš‘ g~jbxwZ wQj hCd nv`xQ
†Q‡o Qnxn nv`xQ‡K AuvK‡o aiv| ZvB Ø¨_©nxbfv‡e †NvlYv K‡ib,
ÔhLb nv`xQ Qnxn n‡e †mUvB Avgvi gvhnveÕ|192
(2) Bgvg gv‡jK (93-179wnt) e‡jb,
.
190. Qnxn eyLvix nv/5143 I 6064, 2/89; Qnxn gymwjg nv/6536, 2/316; wgkKvZ
nv/5028, c„t 427|
191. Avngv` nv/15199, 3q LÊ 4_© Ask, c„t 588; evqnvK¡x, ïÔAveyj Cgvb, mb`
nvmvb, Avjevbx, wgkKvZ nv/177 I 194, c„t 30 I 32, UxKv bs 2; e½vbyev` wgkKvZ
nv/168, 1/129, ÔwKZve I mybœvn‡K AuvK‡o aivÕ Aby‡”Q`|
192. Avãyj Iqvnnve kvÔivYx, gxhvbyj Kzeiv (w`j−xt 1286 wnt), 1g LÊ, c„t 30|

ÔZzwg †R‡b ivL, H e¨w³ wbivc` bq, †h e¨w³ hv ï‡b ZvB cÖPvi K‡i| Avi
†h e¨w³ ïbv K_v (hvPvB QvovB) cÖPvi K‡i †m Bgvg nIqvi †hvM¨ bqÕ|193
(3) Bgvg kv‡dC (150-204 wnt) e‡jb,
.
ÔBeby mxixb, Beivnxg bvLC, Z¡vDm Ges Ab¨vb¨ mKj Zv‡eC GB g‡g© bxwZ
Aej¤^b K‡iwQ‡jb †h, kw³kvjx ¯§„wZm¤úbœ e¨w³- whwb ey‡S eY©bv K‡ib
Ges ¯§„wZ‡Z msi¶Y K‡ib Zvi †_‡K Qvov Zviv Ab¨ Kv‡iv nv`xQ MÖnY
Ki‡eb bv| wZwb e‡jb, gynvwÏQM‡Yi g‡a¨ KvD‡K Avwg GB bxwZi we‡ivwaZv
Ki‡Z †`wLwbÕ|194
(4) Bgvg Avngv` web nv¤^j (164-241wnt) e‡jb,
.
ÔwbðqB †h Av‡jg nv`x‡Qi Qnxn-hCd I bvwmL-gvbm~L ey‡Sb bv Zv‡K
Av‡jg ejv hv‡e bvÕ| Bgvg BmnvK¡ Beby ivIqvnvI GKB K_v e‡j‡Qb |195
AZGe Bgvg †nvb Avi dK¡xn †nvb ev Ab¨ †Kvb e¨w³ †nvb kixÔAvZ m¤ú‡K©
hvi e³e¨B †ck Kiv n‡e Zvi c‡¶ kviC `jxj _vK‡Z n‡e Ges †mB `jxj
Qnxn n‡Z n‡e| Rvj, hCd I wfwËnxb n‡j Zv MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡e bv| Ab¨_v
Bgvg I dK¡xn‡ì Dci wg_¨v Acev` †Ìqv n‡e|
mZK©evYx:
193. Qnxn gymwjg, gyK¡vÏvgvn `ªt, 1/12 c„t, Ôhv ïb‡e ZvB cÖPvi Kiv wbwl×Õ Aby‡”Q`-3|
194. Avm-mybœvn K¡vejvZ Zvèxb, c„t 237|
195. Avjevbx, Qnxn AvZ-ZviMxe IqvZ Zvinxe (wiqvh: gvKZvevZzj gvÔAvwid,
2000/1421), 1/39, f~wgKv `ªt; Avey Avãyj−vn Avj-nvwKg, gvÔ‡idvZz Dj~wgj nv`xQ,
c„t 60|
Pvi Bgv‡gi `„wó‡Z Zvivexn&i ivKÔAvZ msL¨v

D³ g~jbxwZ D‡c¶v Kiv nÕ‡j Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji Dci †hgb wg_¨v‡ivc
Kiv n‡e, †Zgwb †Kvb Bgvg, dK¡xn, gynvwÏ‡Qi bv‡g `jxj wenxb K_v ej‡jI
Zvi Dci wg_¨v‡ivc Kiv n‡e| Beby `vK¡xKyj C` ZvB cwi®‹vi e‡j w`‡q‡Qb,
.
ÔGB mg¯— gvmAvjv‡K gyRZvwn` BgvgM‡Yi w`‡K m‡¤^vab Kiv nvivg|
gyK¡vwj−` dK¡xnM‡Yi Dci IqvwRe nÕj †m¸‡jv AbymÜvb Kiv, Zviv Ggwb‡ZB
†hb Zuv‡ì w`‡K Zv Qz‡o bv gv‡ib| Ab¨_v Zv‡ì Dci wg_¨v‡ivc Kiv
n‡eÕ|196
kvn BmgvCj knx` (1779-1831 L„t) m~iv ZIevi 31 bs Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq
Av`x Beby nv‡Zg (ivt) ewY©Z nv`x‡Qi Av‡jv‡K e‡jb,
.
ÔGi Øviv eySv †Mj †h, Aek¨B wbw`©ó e¨w³i AbymiY Kiv, †hgb- Zvi K_v
Ggbfv‡e AvuK‡o aiv, hwÌ Zv KziAvb-mybœvni `jxj mg~‡ni we‡ivax mve¨¯—
nq Ges KziAvb mybœvn‡K Zvi c‡¶ e¨vL¨v Kiv nq, Zvn‡j eyS‡Z n‡e Zvi
g‡a¨ Lªxóvbx ¯^fve wgwkªZ Av‡Q Ges wki‡Ki Ask i‡q‡QÕ|197
AZGe kviC wel‡q Bgvg‡ì bv‡g †Kvb e³e¨ cvIqv gvÎB cÖPvi Kiv gnv
Ab¨vq| hZ¶Y bv Zvi c‡¶ Qnxn `jxj cvIqv hv‡e| GRb¨ Bgvg wZiwghxi
D³ e³‡e¨ †Kvb mvš—¡bv †bB| wZwb ÔKw_ZÕ kã Øviv D‡j−L K‡i wb‡R gy³
n‡q‡Qb| G¶‡Y †KD hw` D³ K_v‡K `jxj wnmv‡e †ck Ki‡Z Pvq Zvn‡j
†m †hb Zvi c‡¶ Qnxn `jxj †ck K‡i| wKš‘ 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn&i `jxj
†Kv_vq!!
196. Qv‡jn Avj-dzj−vbx, BK¡vhyj wngvg (êi“Z: 1978), c„t 99|
197. kvn BmgvCj knx`, Zvbfxi“j AvBbvBb dx BQevwZ ivdÔCj Bqv`v‡qb (gxivU:
gyRZvevqx †cÖm, 1279 wnt/1863 L„t), c„t 45|

cÂg Aa¨vqcÂg Aa¨vqcÂg Aa¨vqcÂg Aa¨vq
wewfbœ cÖZviYv Iwewfbœ cÖZviYv Iwewfbœ cÖZviYv Iwewfbœ cÖZviYv I
Ac‡KŠkjAc‡KŠkjAc‡KŠkjAc‡KŠkj

wewfbœ cÖZviYv I
Ac‡KŠkj
(1) 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi Dci BRgv `vex; wbw®Œq cÖeÂbvi be ms¯‹iY:
cÖPwjZ Av‡Q †h, Igi (ivt)-Gi hy‡M 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn&i Dci BRgv
n‡q‡Q| d‡j Gi Dci gymwjg D¤§vn&i Avgj ¯’vqx n‡q‡Q| Beby Kz`vgv
(541-620 wnt) Igi (ivt)-Gi hy‡Mi Kw_Z 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi eY©bv D‡j−L
K‡i e‡j‡Qb, ÔGUv †hb BRgvi b¨vqÕ|198
AZtci D³
e³e¨ bKj K‡i‡Qb ÔDg`vZzj K¡vixÕ cÖ‡YZv Avj−vgv eì“Ïxb Avqbx nvbvdx
(g„t 855 wnt)|199
A_P D³ e³e¨ Øviv KL‡bv BRgv cÖgvwYZ nq bv| Gw`‡K
ÔwgiK¡vZÕ cÖ‡YZv †gvj−v Avjx K¡vix nvbvdx (g„t 1014 wnt) nvhvi eQi ci
AZ¨š— †Rvi w`‡q e‡j‡Qb, Ô20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn&i Dci QvnvexMY BRgv
K‡i‡QbÕ|200
ch©v‡jvPbv:
D³ `vex m¤ú~Y© ev‡bvqvU I wfwËnxb| †hLv‡b Qvnvex‡ì hy‡M 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi
Aw¯—Z¡B wQj bv †mLv‡b BRgv nj wKfv‡e! nvhvi eQi ci G `vexi KviY nj,
hLb welqwU my¯úó n‡q †M‡Q hvq †h, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv
mvj−vg) wb‡R 11 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn c‡o‡Qb Ges Igi (ivt) 8 ivKÔAvZ
covi wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb, ZLb 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn wejyß cÖvq| Ggwb GK
mwÜ¶‡Y BRgvi `vex †Zvjv n‡q‡Q| GB D™¢U K_vwU mgv‡R Ggbfv‡e
Qov‡bv n‡q‡Q †hb Avj−vni c¶ †_‡K bZzbfv‡e ÔAwnÕ Kiv n‡q‡Q| A_P Zv
Pig åvwš—c~Y©| †hgb-
(K) gvhnve wfwËK iwPZ wdK¡‡ni MÖš’ mg~‡n ejv n‡q‡Q †h, Bgvg gv‡jK
(93-179 wnt) gmwR‡` beex‡Z 36 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn co‡Zb| (hwÌ
K_vwU mwVK bq)| we‡kl K‡i †gvj−v Avjx K¡vix I Avj−vgv Avqbx (int)
wewfbœ ai‡bi msL¨v D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb| Dg`vZzj K¡vix cÖ‡YZv 41, 39, 47, 36,
34, 28, 24, 20 I 11 wewfbœ ivKÔAv‡Zi Avgj wQj e‡j D‡j−L
198
. Avey gynv¤§v` Avãyj−vn Beby Avngv` Beby Kz`vgv, Avj-gyMbx Iqv Avk-kviûj Kvexi
(êi“Z: `vi“j wdKi, 1992/1412), 1g LÊ, c„t 853|
199
. Dg`vZzj K¡vix, 7g LÊ, c„t 204|
200
. -†gvj−v Avjx K¡vix, wgiK¡vZzj gvdvZxn
ki‡n wgkKvZzj gvQvexn (XvKv: ikxw`qvn jvB‡eªix, Zvwe), 3q LÊ, c„t 194, Ôivgvhvb
gv‡m ivwÎ RvMiYÕ Aby‡”Q`|

K‡i‡Qb|201
ZvnÕ†j Igi (ivt)-Gi hvgvbvq g`xbv‡Z 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi Dci
BRgv n‡q‡Q K_vwU wKfv‡e mwVK n‡Z cv‡i? GUv wK weåvwš—Ki bq? G‡Z
cÖgvwYZ nj †h, Igi (ivt)-Gi hy‡M BRgv nIqvi `vex m¤ú~Y© D™¢U I
KvíwbK|
(L) Qnxn nv`xQ Øviv cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q †h, Igi (ivt) 11 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn
covi wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb| Zuvi †Ljvd‡Zi mg‡qI RbMY 11 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn
co‡Zb| †mUvI Qnxn nv`xQ Øviv cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| †gvU K_v Zuvi mg‡q
20 ivKÔAv‡Zi Aw¯—Z¡B wQj bv| Zvn‡j 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi Dci BRgv nÕj
KLb?
GQvovI Bgvg gv‡jK (93-179 wnt)-Gi wbR¯^ e³‡eÏ 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi K_v
cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q, hv Avgiv Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q D‡j−L K‡iwQ| wZwb g`xbv‡Z Rb¥
MÖnY K‡i‡Qb, †mLv‡bB wk¶v jvf K‡i‡Qb Ges gmwR‡` beex‡ZB AvRxeb
nv`x‡Qi ìm cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| wZwb 179 wnRix‡Z g„ZzëiY K‡i‡Qb|202
myZivs Zuvi g„Zz¨ ch©š— g`xbv‡Z 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi AwZwi³ ivKÔAvZ msL¨v Pvjy
nqwb e‡jB cÖZxqgvb nq| ZvB 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi Dci BRgv nIqvi welqwU
m¤ú~Y©B wfwËnxb|
(M) gynvwÏQM‡Yi gš—‡e¨ cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi eY©bv¸‡jvi Qnxn
†Kvb wfwË †bB| eis meB Rvj, hCd I wfwËnxb| myZivs Rvj I `ye©j m~‡Îi
Dci wfwË K‡i hw` †Kvb wel‡q BRgv Kiv nq, Zvn‡j †mUvI n‡e Rvj I
`ye©j| †hgbwU kvqL Avjevbx (int) e‡jb,
.
ÔGB BRgvi cÖwZ KL‡bv wek¦vmfvRb nIqv hv‡e bv, KviY Zv `ye©j wfwËi
Dci cÖwZwôZ| Avi `ye©j wfwËi Dci hv M‡o D‡V †mUvI `ye©j nqÕ|203
kvqL
Ave`yi ingvb gyeviKcyix (int) Ø¨_©nxb K‡É e‡jb,
.
Ôwek ivKÔAv‡Zi cÖwZ BRgv n‡q‡Q Ges me©Î Zv ¯’vqx n‡q‡Q GB `vex Pig
wg_¨vPviÕ|204
201
. Dg`vZzj K¡vix 7g LÊ, c„t 204-5; ZzndvZyj AvnIqvhx 3q LÊ, c„t 439|
202
. W. gynv¤§v` Kv‡gj ûmvBb, Bgvg gv‡jK I gyIqvË¡v wKZve, `ªt gyIqvË¡v gv‡jK (êi“Z:
`vi“j KzZze Avj-Bjwgqvn, Zvwe), f~wgKv|
203
. QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 72|
204
. ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx, 3q LÊ, c„: 447|

`yf©vM¨, Avj−vni c¶ †_‡K †cÖwiZ gnv cweÎ I Aåvš— kixÔAvZ‡K wbwðý
K‡i wb‡R‡ì iwPZ Avgj mg~n‡K cÖwZôv Kivi Rb¨ BRgvi `vex †Zvjv n‡”Q
hÎZÎ | we‡kl K‡i Igi (ivt)-Gi bv‡g A‡bK wel‡q BRgvi `vex †Zvjv
n‡q‡Q| †hgb C` I Rvbvhvi ZvKex‡ii e¨vcv‡i `vex †Zvjv n‡q‡Q| ZvB
wek¦weL¨vZ gbxlx, †jLbx RM‡Zi GK D¾¡j †R¨vwZ®‹ wec−ex ms¯‹viK beve
wQÏxK¡ nvmvb Lvb f~cvjx (1248-1307 wnt/1832-1890 L„t) D³ bxwZi
cÖwZev` K‡i e‡jb,
.
Ôgvhnvecš’x Av‡jgM‡Yi aviYv nÕj, gvhnv‡ei AbymvixMY A_ev †Kvb wbw`©ó
AÂ‡ji Awaevmxiv †Kvb wel‡q GKgZ †cvlY Ki‡jB Zv BRgv n‡q hv‡e|
A_P GUv GK gnvwec`vZ¥K weåvwš—Õ|205
(N) me‡P‡q eo welq nÕj, Qvnvex‡ì ci BRgvi `vex †Zvjvi AwaKvi Kv‡iv
†bB| KviY Zuv‡ì ci BRgvi ìRv eÜ n‡q †M‡Q| Avi BRwZnv‡ì ìRv
wK¡qvgZ ch©š— †Lvjv Av‡Q| ZvB Bgvg Avngv` (int) e‡jb,
Ô†h e¨w³ BRgvi `vex K‡i †m wg_¨vev`xÕ|206
AZGe
BRgvi `vex †hB Ki“K Zv wg_¨v I evwZj e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
(2) †Luvov hyw³i AeZviYv; m~h©wKiY †iv‡a †RvbvwKi Avùvjb
(K) ejv n‡q _v‡K †h, Zvivexn Ges Zvnv¾y` `yÕwU c„_K QvjvZ; iv‡Zi
cÖ_gvs‡k 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn Avi †klvs‡k 11 ivKÔAvZ Zvnv¾y` co‡Z
nq|
ch©v‡jvPbv:
D³ wfwËnxb K_vwU mgv‡R LyeB cÖPwjZ Av‡Q| GK‡kªYxi Av‡jg Gi c‡¶
LyeB cÖPviYv Pvjvb| eZ©gvb mg‡q Zviv GB Ace¨vL¨v‡KB †gv¶g nvwZqvi
g‡b Ki‡Qb| Zv‡ì Ab¨Zg n‡jb Qnxn eyLvixi evsjv Abyev`K kvqLyj
nv`xQ gvIjvbv AvwRRyj nK| wZwb gv Av‡qkv (ivt) ewY©Z 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi
205
. wQÏxK¡ nvmvb Lvb f~cvjx, Avm-wmivRyj IqvnnvR wgb Kvk‡d gvZvwje Qnxn gymwjg
web nv¾vn 1/3 c„t; QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 72-73|
206
. BÔjvgyj gyIqv‡°Cb 2q LÊ, c„t 175|

nv`x‡Qi e¨vL¨vq `yÕwU c„_K QvjvZ e‡j `vex K‡i‡Qb|207
A_P Zv bqv wg_¨vi
Avwef©ve| KviY mg~n wbgœiƒc:
cÖ_gZ: cÖkœKvix Av‡qkv (ivt)-†K ivgvhv‡bi ivwÎi QvjvZ †Kgb wQj †m
wel‡qB wR‡Ám K‡iwQ‡jb| Avi ZviB DË‡i Av‡qkv (ivt) 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi
K_v e‡jb| D³ D™¢U `vex‡K P~Y© K‡i‡Qb cÖL¨vZ nvbvdx weØvb Avj−vgv
AvbIqvi kvn Kvk¥xix (int)| wZwb gv Av‡qkv (ivt)-Gi nv`xQwU D‡j−L K‡i
e‡jb,
.
ÔG‡Z cwi®‹vi e¨vL¨v i‡q‡Q †h, GUv ivgvhv‡biB Ae¯’v| KviY cÖkœKvix
ivgvhvbmn Ab¨vb¨ Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© cÖkœ K‡iwQ‡jbÕ|208
wØZxqZ: Ab¨ nv`x‡Q ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)
Z…Zxq w`b 27-Gi iv‡Î mvnvixi mgq ch©š— Zvivexni QvjvZ `xN© K‡iwQ‡jb,
hv‡Z Qvnvev‡q †Kivg mvnvix LvIqv Qz‡U hvIqvi Avk¼v KiwQ‡jb| †hgb
nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q, ÔAvgv‡`i wb‡q wZwb GZ
`xN© mgq a‡i QvjvZ co‡jb hv‡Z Avgiv mvnvix LvIqv Qz‡U hvIqvi Avk¼v
KiwQjvgÕ|209
Abyiƒc Qvnvex‡`i hy‡MI Zvivexn I Zvnv¾y` GKB QvjvZ e‡j MY¨ nZ|
KviY Igi (ivt) †h nv`x‡Q 11 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn covi wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb H
nv`x‡Qi †klvs‡k ejv n‡q‡Q, ÔwK¡ivAvZ j¤^v nIqvi Kvi‡Y (cwikªvš— n‡q)
Avgiv jvwVi Dci fi w`Zvg Ges dR‡ii Qvjv‡Zi mgq nIqvi Dc g nÕ†j
QvjvZ †kl K‡i P‡j AvmZvgÕ|210
myax cvVK! Zvn‡j ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) I Qvnvev‡q
†Kivg H ivwÎ¸‡jv‡Z Zvnv¾y` QvjvZ KLb co‡Zb? ZvQvov Ab¨ Av‡iKwU
nv`x‡Q ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, gv Av‡qkv (ivt) e‡jb,
207
. H, e½vbyev` †evLvix kixd (XvKv: nvwgw`qv jvB‡eªix, GwcÖj, 2002), 1g LÊ, c„t
305, nv/608-Gi e¨vL¨v `ªt|208
. Avj-Avidzk kvhx ki‡n wZiwghx 1g LÊ, c„t 166|209
. Qnxn Avey`vE` nv/1375, 1/195; Qnxn wZiwghx nv/806, 1/166; bvmvC, Beby gvRvn,
mb` Qnxn, wgkKvZ nv/1298, c„t 114; e½vbyev` wgkKvZ 3q LÊ, c„t 149, nv/1224,
Ôivgvhvb gv‡m ivwÎi QvjvZÕ Aby‡”Q`|
210
. -Qnxn Beby
Lyhvqgvn 4/186 c„t; gyIqvË¡v gv‡jK 1/115 c„t Ôivgvhvb gv‡m ivwÎi QvjvZÕ Aby‡”Q`;
mb` Qnxn, wgkKvZ nv/1302, c„t 115; e½vbyev` wgkKvZ 3q LÊ, c„t 152,
nv/1228|

.
Ôbex Kixg (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) Gkvi QvjvZ †kl Kivi ci nÕ‡Z
dRi ch©š— gvÎ 11 ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡ZbÕ|211
D³ nv`xQ †_‡K Av‡iv ¯úó nÕj †h, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv
mvj−vg) Gkvi QvjvZ †_‡K dRi ch©š— 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi †ekx QvjvZ KL‡bv
co‡Zb bv|
Z…ZxqZ: Igi (ivt)-Gi Zvivexni RvgvÔAvZ cybivq Pvjy Kiv ms vš— Qnxn
eyLvix‡Z †h nv`xQ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q Zv‡Z GKB Qvjv‡Zi K_v cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q|
†hgb Igi (ivt) e‡jb,
.
ÔZ‡e Zviv hv co‡Q Zvi †P‡q DËg †mUvB hvi Rb¨ Zviv NygvZ A_©vr †kl
iv‡Îi QvjvZ| Z‡e †jv‡Kiv cÖ_gvs‡kB coZÕ| 212
PZz_©Z: nvbvdx gvhnv‡ei c~e©eZ©x Av‡jgMY †KDB D³ Ace¨vL¨v K‡ibwb|
eis Zviv mK‡jB Zvivexn I Zvnv¾y`‡K GKB QvjvZ MY¨ K‡i‡Qb| GgbwK
20 ivKÔAv‡Zi eY©bvwU‡K Zuviv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB gv Av‡qkvi nv`xQwUi we‡ivax e‡j
D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb| †hgb †n`vqvi fvl¨Kvi Avj−vgv Bebyj ûgvg, Avj−vgv
hvqjvC, e`i“Ïxb Avqbx, Avãyj nvB jv‡¶èŠfx cÖgyL| hv Avgiv wØZxq
Aa¨v‡qi cÖ_g w`‡KB D‡j−L K‡iwQ| kxl©¯’vbxq e¨w³‡`i g‡a¨ Avj−vgv
AvbIqvi kvn Kvk¥xix nvbvdx (int) AZ¨š— cwi®‹vi fvlvq e‡jb,
211
. Qnxn gymwjg nv/1718, 1/254; Qnxn Avey`vE` nv/1336, 1/188-89; Qnxn Beby
gvRvn nv/1358, c„t 96, ÔivwÎi QvjvZ KZ ivKÔAvZÕ Aby‡”Q`|212
. Qnxn eyLvix nv/2010; wgkKvZ nv/1301, c„t 115; e½vbyev` wgkKvZ nv/1227, 3q
LÊ, c„t 151-52|

.
ÔeY©bv mg~‡ni ga¨ nÕ‡Z †Kvb GKwU eY©bv ØvivI cÖgvwYZ nqwb †h, ivm~jyj−vn
(Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) ivgvhvb gv‡m Zvivexn I Zvnv¾y` c„_K c„_K
K‡i co‡Zb| eis Zvivexni QvjvZ `xN© Ki‡Zb| Avi Zuvi hy‡M Zvivexn I
Zvnv¾y‡ì ivKÔAvZMZ †Kvb cv_©K¨ wQj bv, eis cv_©K¨ wQj mg‡q Ges
êwk‡ó¨| A_©vr Zvivexn n‡e gmwR‡` RvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_| wKš‘ Zvnv¾y`
gmwR‡` bq| Zvivexn Avi¤¢ n‡e ivwÎi cÖ_gfv‡M Avi Zvnv¾y` Avi¤¢ n‡e
ivwÎi †klfv‡MÕ|213
Ab¨Î wZwb e‡jb,
.
ÔGUv GKB QvjvZ; hLb iv‡Zi cÖ_gvs‡k cov n‡e ZLb Zvi bvg n‡e
Zvivexn| Avi hLb †klvs‡k cov n‡e ZLb Zvi bvg n‡e Zvnv¾y`Õ|214
AZGe Zvivexn I Zvnv¾y` †h GKB QvjvZ †m wel‡q kxl©¯’vbxq nvbvdx
weØvbMY mevB GKgZ| ïay Avgv‡ì †`‡ki KwZcq Av‡jg GB weåvwš—Ki
`vex Zz‡j‡Qb|
Avj−vgv Ievq`yj−vn gyeviKcyix (in:) e‡jb, Zvivexn, wK¡qv‡g ivgvhvb,
QvjvZzj jvBj, Zvnv¾y` me GKB welq Ges GKB Qvjv‡Zi bvg|
.
ÔKviY Qnxn wKsev hCd †Kvb eY©bvi gva¨‡g cÖgvwYZ nqwb †h, ivm~jyj−vn
(Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) ivgvhv‡bi ivwÎmg~‡n `yB ai‡bi QvjvZ Av`vq
K‡i‡Qb, hvi GKwU Zvivexn Ab¨wU Zvnv¾y`| myZivs ivgvhvb e¨ZxZ Ab¨
gv‡m †hwU Zvnv¾y`, ivgvhvb gv‡m †mwUB ZvivexnÕ|215
(L) Ôc~‡e© AvU ivKÔAvZB cov nÕZ, wKš‘ c‡i wek ivKÔAvZ cov n‡q‡QÕ|
Av‡iv ejv nq, Ô8 ivKÔAvZ ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi mybœvZ|
Avi 20 ivKÔAvZ Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`x‡bi mybœvZ| we‡kl K‡i Igi (ivt)-Gi
213
. Avj-Avidzk kvhx ki‡n wZiwghx 1g LÊ, c„t 166; dvqhyj evix 2q LÊ, c„t 420|
214
. dvqhyj evix 2q LÊ, c„t 420|215
. wgiÔAvZzj gvdvZxn, 4_© LÊ, c„t 311, nv/1303-Gi Av‡jvPbv `ªt|

PvjyK…Z mybœvZÕ| ZvB gymwjg D¤§vn GwU ¯’vqxfv‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Q| KviY Pvi
Ljxdvi mybœv‡Zi AbymiY KiviI wb‡`©k nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q| †n`vqvi fvl¨Kvi
Bebyj ûgvg, Aveyj Avjv gI`y`x, wgkKv‡Zi evsjv Abyev`K gvIjvbv b~i
†gvnv¤§v` AvÔRgx (1900-1972 L„t) cÖgyL e¨w³ GB `vex K‡i‡Qb| GgbwK
AvbIqvi kvn Kvk¥xix hLb Dcjwä K‡i‡Qb †h, 20 ivKÔAvZ‡K †Kvbfv‡e
cÖgvY Kiv hv‡”Q bv ZLb wZwbI mgvavb Uvb‡Z wM‡q e‡j‡Qb,
.
ÔAvgvi gZ nÕj, m¤¢eZ Igi (ivt) wK¡ivAvZ‡K nvjKv K‡i ivKÔAvZ‡K e„w×
Kivi Rb¨ 10 †_‡K 20 ch©š— wb‡q †M‡QbÕ|216
b~i gynv¤§v` AvRgx wj‡L‡Qb,
ÔBnv‡Z eySv hvq †h, ûh~i (Qvt) cÖ_g w`‡K AvU ivKAvZ cwo‡jI †k‡li
w`‡K wek ivKÔAvZB cwoqv‡QbÕ|217
ch©v‡jvPbv:
cÖ_gZ: D³ `vex KvíwbK I ev‡bvqvU| GUv mvaviY RbZv‡K duvwK †Ìqvi
†Luvov †KŠkj gvÎ| mwVK welq Gwo‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ K‚U-†KŠkj Kiv
AgvR©bxq Ab¨vq| kixÔAvZ‡K mycÖwZwôZ Kivi gnvb ¯^v‡_© †KŠkj Kvg¨,
weK…wZi ¯^v‡_© bq| KviY ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) ¯^xq RxeÏkvq
KL‡bv 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn c‡obwb| Zuvi bv‡g †h eY©bvwU cÖPwjZ Av‡Q Zv
Rvj ev wg_¨v| myZivs ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) KL‡bv 20
ivKÔAvZ c‡o‡Qb Ggb K_v ej‡j Zuvi Dci wg_¨v †ZvngZ †Ìqv n‡e|
Abyiƒc Igi (ivt) ev Pvi Ljxdvi †KDB 20 ivKÔAvZ Pvjy K‡ibwb Ges
Zuv‡ì †LjvdZKv‡jI 20 ivKÔAvZ Pvjy wQj bv| G g‡g© hv Kw_Z Av‡Q Zv
hCd, Î“wUc~Y© I Qnxn nv`x‡Qi we‡ivax| eis Igi (ivt) 11 ivKÔAvZ
Zvivexni RvgvÔAvZ Pvjy K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j AZ¨š— weï× mb‡` cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q|
hv cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZGe ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû
AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg), gnvb Pvi Ljxdv I Qvnvex‡ì Dci GB Acev`
Pvcv‡bv Mwn©Z Ab¨vq|
wØZxqZ: Avj−vgv Kvk¥xix (int)-Gi †kl e³‡e¨ eySv hvq †h, wK¡ivAvZ †QvU
K‡i ivKÔAvZ‡K e„w× Kivi Rb¨ Igi (ivt) wb‡RB 10 †_‡K 20 ivKÔAvZ
ch©š— e„w× K‡i‡Qb| D³ `vexi c‡¶ `jxj †Kv_vq? GB `vexi c‡¶ †Zv †Kvb
216
. Avj-Avidzk kvhx ki‡n wZiwghx 1g LÊ, c„t 166|
217
. H, e½vbyev` wgkKvZ kixd (XvKv: Gg`vw`qv jvB‡eªix, †g 1997), 3q LÊ, 147,
ÔZvivexi bvgvhÕ Aby‡”Q`-Gi f~wgKv|

wg_¨v I fyqv `jxjI †bB| Avi Bev`Z Kg‡ekx Kivi AwaKvi Igi (ivt)-
Gi Av‡Q wK? hw` ZvB nq Zvn‡j Igi (ivt) wb‡`©wkZ 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi Qnxn
nv`xQwU †Kv_vq ivL‡eb? hw` Igi (ivt) K‡i _v‡Kb Zvn‡j ivm~jyj−vn
(Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi AbymiY Ki‡eb, bv Igi (ivt)-Gi
AbymiY Ki‡eb? Avm‡j hyw³ w`‡q KL‡bv kixÔAvZ‡K `gv‡bv hvq bv|
Z…ZxqZ: ejv n‡”Q- 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn Pvi Ljxdvi mybœvZ| A_P Igi I
Avjx (ivt)-Gi bv‡g `ye©j I Rvj eY©bv _vK‡jI AveyeKi I IQgvb (ivt)-
Gi bv‡g †Kvb Rvj `jxjI †bB| Av‡bvqvi kvn Kvk¥xix nvbvdx D³ `vexi
cÖwZev` K‡i e‡jb, ÔhwÌ Avgiv Zvi wbf©i‡hvM¨
mb` cvBwbÕ|218
Avj−vgv kvgmyj nK¡ Avhxgvev`x (int) Gi cÖwZev` K‡i
e‡jb, ÔGUv cÖKvk¨ åvwš—| Gi cÖwZ åƒ‡¶c Kiv hv‡e bvÕ|219
ZvnÕ‡j Pvi
Ljxdvi mybœvZ ejv n‡”Q wK‡mi wfwË‡Z? GUv wK cÖZviYv bq? GKw`‡K Gi
c‡¶ †Kvb Qnxn eY©bv †bB, Zvi Dci Avevi Pvi Ljxdv‡K m¤ú„³ Kiv
n‡q‡Q| wbtm‡›`‡n kixÔAv‡Zi Dci GUv fqven `yb©xwZ| KviY ivm~‡ji
Abymi‡Yi cÖZxK wnmv‡e Pvi Ljxdvmn Qvnvev‡q †Kivg cÖ‡Z¨‡KB 11
ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn c‡o‡Qb, hv Qnxn `jx‡ji gva¨‡g cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q|220
(3) Abyev` I UxKv-wUàbx; kixÔAvZ weK…wZi bZzb GK cš’v:
†h mg¯— e¨w³ ZvK¡jx`x a~gªRv‡j wPi Ave×, gvbecÖYxZ wdK¡nx I DQ~jx
Auvav‡i wbgw¾Z Zviv KL‡bv gy³ wPš—vi AeKvk cvb bv| KviY Zv‡ì wePiY
ïay wb‡R‡ì njy` †PŠnwÏi g‡a¨| ZvB gvbeiwPZ weav‡bi wei“‡× cÖwZev`x
KÉ¯î, wek¦weL¨vZ e¨w³Z¡ kvn AwjDj−vn gynvwÏQ †`njfx GB cÖK…wZi
Av‡jg‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ wa°vi w`‡q e‡j‡Qb, ÔG‡ì mg¯— Bj‡gi c~uwR †n`vqvn,
ki‡n †eK¡vqvn cÖf„wZi g‡a¨ mxgve×| Giv Avmj e¯‘ wKfv‡e eyS‡eÕ?221
D³
ZvwË¡K msKxY©Zvi Kvi‡Y A‡bK Av‡jg wb‡R‡ì †jLbx‡Z kixÔAv‡Zi weK…wZ
NwU‡q‡Qb| KziAvb-nv`x‡Qi Abyev‡` KviPzwc K‡i‡Qb| Abyev‡` e¨_© n‡j
UxKv I e¨vL¨vq KvUQuvU K‡i‡Qb| †mUv hCd I Rvj nv`x‡Qi gva¨‡g †nŠK,
ev Bgvg, Av‡jg, cxi-eyhy‡M©i e³‡eï gva¨‡g †nŠK A_ev wbR¯^ †Kvb Vyb‡Kv
218
. Avj-Avidzk kvhx ki‡n wZiwghx 1g LÊ, c„t 101, 30 jvBb)|
219
. -AvIbyj gvÔe~` 4_© LÊ, c„t 175|
220
. QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„: 75|
221
. -
†`Lyb: Avn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb, c„t 167 I 178, UxKv bs 37, M„nxZ: kvn AwjDj−vn,
BhvjvZzj Lvdv (dvimx), c„t 84|

hyw³i gva¨‡g †nŠK| g~jZt UxKv-wUàbxi `yÕwU D‡Ïk¨| `y‡e©va¨ welq‡K
†evaMg¨ Kivi Rb¨ we¯—…wZ AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv Ges g~j MÖ‡š’i †Kvb welq
ms‡kvab A_ev cÖwZev` Kiv|222
`jxq gvqveÜb cwiZ¨vM Ki‡Z bv †c‡i
KziAvb-mybœvni †¶‡Î A‡b‡K wØZxq c_ Aej¤^b K‡i‡Qb| wb‡gœi
D`vniY¸‡jv j¶Yxq:
(GK) gvIjvbv AvwRRyj nK KZ©„K eyLvixi Abyev` cÖm½:
gvIjvbv Abyev` Ki‡Z wM‡q ¯^xq gvhnve we‡ivax mKj nv`x‡Qi e¨vL¨vq wewfbœ
hyw³ Ges Rvj I hCd eY©bv †ck K‡i Zvi cÖwZev` K‡i‡Qb| Gi gva¨‡g
wZwb †h me©vwaK Qnxn MÖ‡š’i nv`x‡Qi wei“‡× Ae¯’vb K‡i‡Qb Zv nqZ
†egvjyg fy‡j †M‡Qb| G mg¯— †¶‡Î wZwb Av gYvZ¥K I AZ¨š— Kzi“wPc~Y©
fvlv cÖ‡qvM K‡i‡Qb| †hgb Zvivexni †¶‡Î K‡i‡Qb|
wZwb Zvivexn ms vš— gv Av‡qkv (ivt) ewY©Z Qnxn eyLvix I gymwj‡gi
nv`xQwUi Abyev‡` `vi“Yfv‡e KvUQuvU K‡i‡Qb| wZwb ÔZvivexi bvgvhÕ Aa¨vq
iPbv K‡i wgK b¤î Abymv‡i nv`xQwU eY©bv K‡ibwb| 1048 bs nv`x‡Qi
e¨vL¨vq wZwb Igi (ivt) m¤ú‡K© e‡j‡Qb, ÔwZwb im~jyj−vn (mt) KZ…©K ewY©Z
Avk¼v `~ixf~Z nIqv `„‡ó Zvivexi Rb¨ Bgvg wbw`©ó Kwi‡jb, ivKvZ msL¨v
20 mve¨¯— Kwi‡jb Ges Rvgv‡Zi eë¯’v Kwi‡jb| GBiƒ‡c Zvivexi cÖwZ c~Y©
ZrciZv cÖwZwôZ nBj Ges ZrKvjxb †mvbvjx hy‡M we`¨gvb nvRvi nvRvi
Qvnvex I Avgxi“j-†gv‡gbxb Igi ivwhqvj−vû Zvqvjv Avbûi GB eë¯’v me©vš—
Ki‡Y MÖnY Kwi‡jb| QvnvexM‡Yi GRgvi Øviv GB welqwU mve¨¯— nBqv
†MjÕ|223
AZtci ÔZvivexi bvgv‡hi ivKvZ msL¨vÕ wk‡ivbv‡g Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q
wZwb GK ¯’v‡b e‡jb, ÔZvivex 20 ivKvZ nIqvi c‡¶ mvZwU nv`xQ cÖgvYiƒ‡c
we`¨gvb Av‡Q| GKwU nv`xQ ¯úóZt ¯^qs im~jyj−vn Qvj−vj−vû AvjvB‡n
Amvj−v‡gi Avgj I w qviƒ‡c ewY©Z Av‡Q| Be‡b AveŸvm (ivt) eY©bv
Kwiqv‡Qb, bex (mt) ighvb gv‡m 20 ivKvZ Zvivex Ges †e‡Zi
cwo‡ZbÕ|224
Av‡jvPbvi †k‡l e‡j‡Qb, ÔZvnv¾y` I Zvivex Dfq bvgvh‡K
†h wei“×ev`xiv GKB bvgvh e‡j, Bnv Z wbZvš—B Aevš—iÕ|225
222
. ew`Di ingvb, mvwnZ¨-msÁv Awfavb (XvKv: MwZaviv, †m‡Þ¤î 2001), c„t 93;
dinv` Lvb, evsjv k‡ãi Drm Awfavb (†deª“qvix 2000), c„t 51|223
. †evLvix kixd 2/194|224
. †evLvix kixd 2/195|
225
. †evLvix kixd 2/197|

cÖ_g L‡Ê gv Av‡qkv (ivt)-KZ…©K ewY©Z 608 bs nv`x‡Qi e¨vL¨vq wZwb
e‡j‡Qb, Ôe¯‘ZB GB nv`xQ Zvivexn m¤ú‡K© mve¨¯— b‡n| KviY, Bnv‡Z
ighvb I ighvb Qvov Df‡qiB D‡j−L nBqv‡Q| A_©vr, AÎ nv`x‡Q GBiƒc
bvgv‡hi eY©bv Kiv nBqv‡Q †h bvgvh ighvb QvovI cov nq| AZGe, GB
nv`x‡Qi D‡Ïk¨ Zvivexi bvgvh nB‡Z cv‡i bv; Dnv ighvb e¨ZxZ cov nq
bv| nuv, Zvnv¾y` bvgvh Dfq mg‡q cov nq, myZivs BnvB GB nv`x‡Qi
D‡Ïk¨ Ges BnviB msL¨v AvU ivKvZ ejv nBqv‡QÕ|226
ch©v‡jvPbv:
cÖ_gZ: gvIjvbv Qv‡ne 20 ivKÔAvZ cÖwZôvi Rb¨ A‡bK Nvg Swi‡q‡Qb|
wKš‘ wZwb †h Ae‡k‡l e¨_© n‡q‡Qb ZvI Zvi †KŠk‡j dz‡U D‡V‡Q| KviY
Zvivexn I Zvnv¾y`‡K c„_K K‡i wZwb †h nxbgb¨Zvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb Zv
Avgiv c~‡e©B D‡j−L K‡iwQ| Bgvg eyLvix ÔZvivexn Qvjv‡Zi Aa¨vqÕ iPbv K‡i
Av‡qkv (ivt)-Gi 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi nv`xQwU D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb| A_P wZwb Abyev`
Ki‡Z wM‡q †m w`‡K åƒ‡¶c bv K‡i e¨vL¨v w`‡jb GUv Zvivexni QvjvZ bq|
G‡KB e‡j Abyev` bq cÖwZev`| KviY wZwb Bgvg eyLvixmn Ab¨vb¨ mKj
gynvwÏ‡Qi wei“‡× Ae¯’vb K‡i‡Qb Ges m¤ú~Y© Dëv e¨vL¨v w`‡q‡Qb|
wØZxqZ: wZwb †h 7wU eY©bvi `vex K‡i‡Qb Zv Rvj, hCd I gybKvi| hv
Avgiv wØZxq Aa¨v‡q †ck K‡iwQ| GB eY©bv¸‡jv D‡j−L K‡i wZwb Qnxn
eyLvix I gymwj‡g ewY©Z 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi me©vwaK Qnxn nv`xQwU‡K Kj‡gi
A¯¿vNv‡Z nZ¨v K‡i‡Qb| Rvj nv`xQ Øviv me©vwaK weï× nv`xQ‡K LÊb Kiv
KZUzKz b¨vq m½Z n‡q‡Q Zv we‡ePbvi Rb¨ cvVK‡ì Dci †Q‡o w`jvg|
Z…ZxqZ: wZwb Bgvg wZiwghxi D×„Z Kw_Z e³‡eï Av‡jv‡K KwZcq Bgv‡gi
20 ivKÔAv‡Zi gZ D‡j−L K‡i Qnxn nv`xQ‡K mg~‡j DrLvZ Ki‡Z
†P‡q‡Qb|227
wZwb `„wówbeÜ Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Qb †h, Bgvg wZiwghx
Bgvg‡ì Avgj¸‡jv (Kw_Z) kã Øviv D×„Z K‡i‡Qb|228
GgbwK Bgvg
kv‡dC (int)-Gi Dw³UzKzI Bgvg wZiwghx †hLvb †_‡K msMÖn K‡i‡Qb
†mLv‡bI kãwUi D‡j−L i‡q‡QÕ|229
A_©vr Bgvg wZiwghx Gi gva¨‡g
D³ e³e¨‡K `ye©j I wfwËnxb ej‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| GUv gynvwÏQM‡Yi Ab¨Zg
g~jbxwZ| Bgvg wZiwghxi D³ e³e¨ m¤ú‡K© Avgiv PZz_© Aa¨v‡q we¯—vwiZ
Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ|
226
. †evLvix kixd 1/305|227
. H, †evLvix kixd 2q LÊ, c„t 193-197, nv/1047 Gi e¨vL¨v `ªt|
228
. Rv‡gÕ wZiwghx 1g LÊ, c„t 166|
229
. Avj-gyhvbx, Avj-gyLZvQvi 1g LÊ, c„t 107-Gi eiv‡Z QvjvZz Zvivexn, c„t 55|

PZz_©Z: gvIjvbv Qv‡ne eû ¯’v‡b kixÔAv‡Zi Giƒc weK…wZ NwU‡q‡Qb|230
Avj-KziAv‡bi c‡i me©vwaK weï× I me©‡kªô nv`xQMÖš’ Qnxn eyLvix| GUv wek¦
¯^xK…Z K_v| wZwbI Zv ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb| wZwb f~wgKvq wj‡L‡Qb, ÔgnvMÖš’
†evLvix kixd wek¦evmxi Aš—‡i †h D”Pvmb jvf Kwiqv Av‡Q, Dnv Zvnvi ev¯—e
gh©¨v`vi wKq`vsk gvÎÕ|231
AZtci gyLe‡Ü wj‡L‡Qb, ÔZuvnvi (Bgvg eyLvixi)
GB MÖš’Lvbv me©vwaK D”PZi kxl©¯’v‡bi AwaKvix nBqv‡Q| mgMÖ we‡k¦
cÖevìƒ‡c ¯^xK…Z iwnqv‡Q- A_©vr Avj−vi wKZve- †KviAvb kix‡di c‡iB
wek¦¯—vq me©cÖ_g ¯’v‡bi AwaKvix Bgvg †evLvixi GB AwØZxq MÖš’ †evLvix
kixd Ges GB Rb¨B Bgvg †evLvix ingZzj−v‡n AvjvB‡n nv`xQ kv‡¯¿ mgªvU
DcvwaZ f~wlZ nBqv‡QbÕ|232
A_P ev¯—‡e †mB MÖ‡š’i nv`xQ‡K Abyev`, e¨vL¨v I UxKvi bv‡g KvUQuvU I
weK…wZ K‡i eyLvixi bv‡g mgv‡R Qwo‡q †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| ZvB ¯^xK…wZ †Ìqv
Avi ev¯—‡e Avgj Kiv KL‡bvB GK bq| gvhnvex msKxY©Zv, AÜ †Muvovgx I
Kw_Z Bgvgx gZev‡ì wei“‡× Qnxn eyLvix GK g~wZ©gvb P¨v‡jÄ| ZvB GB
me©vwaK weï× MÖ‡š’i cÖwZ AwMœkg©v n‡q Abyev‡ì bv‡g Qnxn nv`x‡Qi weK…wZ
NUv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Aek¨ wZwb ÔQnxn eyLvixÕ bvg bv w`‡q m¤§v‡bi mv‡_ Ô†evLvix
kixdÕ bvg w`‡q‡Qb!!
(`yB) AvaywbK cÖKvkbx KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ Qnxn eyLvixi Abyev`:
D³ cÖKvkbxI Abyev` Ges UxKvi gva¨‡g ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv
mvj−vg)-Gi eû nv`xQ‡K LÊ‡bi Ac‡Pó Pvwj‡q‡Q| Av‡qkv (ivt) ewY©Z
nv`x‡Qi UxKvq 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi c‡¶ kVZvi Avkªq †bIqv n‡q‡Q| †mLv‡b
wKQz AcÖgvwYZ K_v D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb ejv n‡q‡Q, ÔAwaKvsk Ijvgv
20 ivKAv‡Zi gZ‡KB AMÖMY¨ e‡j‡Qb Ges G‡Z BRgv n‡q‡QÕ| GK jvBb
c‡i ejv n‡q‡Q, ÔwKQzmsL¨K Av‡jg e‡j‡Qb, Zvivexn 8 ivKAvZ| Zv‡ì
`jxj Av‡qkv (ivt) ewY©Z nv`xm| 20 ivKAv‡Zi gZ †cvlYKvixiv G
nv`x‡mi A_© e‡jb †h, Av‡qkvi eY©bv Zvivexn m¤ú‡K© wQ‡jv bv, eis
Zvnv¾y` m¤ú‡K©Õ| AZtci †mB UxKvq Rvj I hCd eY©bv wgwkªZ gvIjvbv
gI`~`x (1903-1979)-Gi e³e¨ D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q|233
230
. H, 1g LÊ, nv`xQ msL¨v 433-35, 408-441 BZ¨vwì e¨vL¨v †`L‡j ¯úó cÖgvY
†g‡j|231
. †evLvix kixd 1g LÊ, c„t 5, Ô¸Rv‡ikÕ `ªt|
232
. †evLvix kixd 1g LÊ, c„t 21 ÔgyLeÜÕ `ªt|
233
. mnxn Avj-eyLvix, (XvKv: A‡±vei 1996), 2q LÊ, c„t 279-282, ÔwQqvgÕ Aa¨vq,
nv/1870-Gi UxKv|

ch©v‡jvPbv:
Avgiv g‡b Kwi D³ †KŠk‡ji gva¨‡g Qnxn eyLvixi cÖwZ Pig a„óZv cÖ`k©b
Kiv n‡q‡Q| me©vwaK weï× MÖš’ e‡j ¯^xKvi Ki‡jI ev¯—‡e Avg‡ji †¶‡Î
Zvi wei“‡× Ae¯’vb| gvby‡li gZvgZ Øviv Qnxn nv`xQ‡K LÊb Kivi gva¨‡g
gymwjg RvwZi Kj¨vY e‡q Avb‡Z cv‡i bv| gvIjvbv gI`~`x (int)-Gi e³e¨
UxKvq ms‡hvRb K‡i Av‡qkv (ivt) KZ©„K ewY©Z Qnxn eyLvixi nv`xQwUi weK…wZ
NUv‡bv n‡q‡Q| KviY wZwbI Qnxn nv`xQ‡K MjvatKi‡Yi nxb gvbwmKZv
†_‡K gy³ wQ‡jb bv| Zvivexn ms vš— Zuvi Av‡jvPbv †_‡KB ¯úó n‡q‡Q|
Igi (ivt)-Gi hy‡Mi Kw_Z 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn m¤ú‡K© wZwb e‡j‡Qb,
ÔAZ¨š— Qnxn mb`Õ| Ôm‡Z¨i Acjvc wg_¨vi RqÕ GB RvR¡j¨ ev¯—eZv Zvi
e³‡e¨ dz‡U D‡V‡Q| wZwb Igi (ivt)-Gi 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi wb‡`©km~PK nv`xQwU
Avov‡j †i‡L ej‡Z †P‡q‡Qb, ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) AvU
ivKÔAvZ co‡jI Igi (ivt) Ges Ab¨vb¨ QvnvexMY 20 ivKÔAvZB c‡o‡Qb|
GB K_vi gva¨‡g wZwb ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi †P‡q Igi
(ivt)-†KB m‡e©vËg Av`‡k©i cÖeZ©K wnmv‡e †`‡L‡Qb| †hb ivm~jyj−vn
(Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) kixÔAvZ‡K Am¤ú~Y© †i‡L wM‡qwQ‡jb Avi
Igi (ivt) Zv m¤ú~Y© K‡i‡Qb (bvEhywej−vn)|234
D‡j−L¨, Qnxn eyLvixi †h
mg¯— nv`xQ gvhnvex ¯^v‡_©i Aš—ivq †mLv‡bB Gfv‡e UxKv-wUàbxi gva¨‡g
nv`x‡Qi Dc‡i A¯¿vNvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|235
(wZb) wgkKv‡Zi Abyev` cÖm½:
gvIjvbv b~i gynv¤§v` AvRgx Igi (ivt)-Gi wb‡`©wkZ 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi nv`x‡Qi
e¨vL¨vq e‡j‡Qb, Ôm¤¢eZ nhiZ Igi (ivt) cÖ_‡g weZimn GMvi ivKÔAvZ
coviB e¨e¯’v KwiqvwQ‡jb| c‡i Zuvnvi Avg‡jB Zvivex wek ivKAvZ w¯’i
nq, A_ev ¯’vqxfv‡e 20 ivKvAvZB w¯’i nq; wKš‘ KLbI AvU ivKAvZ cov
nBZÕ|236
Gi c~‡e© wZwb ÔZvivexi bvgvh I k‡e eiv‡Zi dhxjZÕ wk‡ivbvg
w`‡q 20 ivKAv‡Zi Rvj eY©bvwUi †NvlvgvRv K‡i‡Qb| †k‡l e‡j‡Qb, ÔBnv‡Z
eySv hvq †h, ûh~i (Qvt) cÖ_g w`‡K AvU ivKÔAvZ cwo‡jI †k‡li w`‡K wek
ivKÔAvZB cwoqvwQ‡jbÕ|237
234
. mvB‡q` Aveyj Avjv gI`~`x, ivmv‡qj I gvmv‡qj, Abyt AvKivg dvi“K I Zvi
mnv‡hvMxe„›` (XvKv: mvB‡q` Aveyj Avjv gI`~`x wimvP© GKv‡Wgx, AvMó, 1995), 3q
LÊ, c„t 282-86|235
. 1g LÊ, c„t 265, nv/544-Gi UxKv ÔQvjv‡Zi mgqÕ Aa¨vq; 1g LÊ, c„t 321-24,
nv/695 Ges 330, nv/713 cÖf„wZ `ªt|236
. e½vbyev` †gkKvZ 3q LÊ, c„t 152, nv/1228-Gi e¨vL¨v|
237
. e½vbyev` †gkKvZ 3q LÊ, c„t 147|

ch©v‡jvPbv:
e¨vL¨vi my‡hv‡M wgkKv‡Zi Abyev‡` Gfv‡eB A‡bK nv`x‡Qi gh©v`v ¶zYœ Kiv
n‡q‡Q| Qnxn nv`x‡Qi cÖwZ †gv‡UI kª×v †`Lv‡bv nqwb| P‡j‡Q Ace¨vL¨vi
RqRqKvi|238
G‡Z GKRb cvVK Aek¨B weåvš— n‡eb| wZwb gvhnve‡K
cÖvavb¨ w`‡eb, bv ivm~‡ji nv`xQ‡K cÖvavb¨ w`‡eb? †jLK hLb wb‡RB w¯’i
wm×vš— w`‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Qb ZLb cvVK †Kv_vq hv‡eb? wPš—vkxj cvVK Aek¨B
Dcjwä Ki‡eb †h, e¨vL¨vi bv‡g nv`x‡Qi Dci wKfv‡e ¶ziKuvwP eënvi Kiv
n‡q‡Q!!
gvhnve †Kw›`ªK iwPZ cÖvq MÖ‡š’B G ai‡bi b¨°viRbK cš’v Aej¤^b Kiv
n‡q‡Q| Zv †h fvlv‡ZB iwPZ †nvK| Kz`~ix, †n`vqv, ki‡n †eK¡vqvn, `yi©yj
gyLZvi, evni“i iv‡qK¡, DQ~jyk kvkx, b~i“j AvbIqvi cÖf„wZ wKZve G mg¯—
Ace¨vL¨vi Rb¨ LyeB cÖwm×| nv`x‡Qi e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z wM‡q †hgb Ace¨vL¨vi
c_ Aej¤^b Kiv n‡q‡Q †Zgwb Avgv‡ì †`‡k evsjvq Abyev` Ki‡Z wM‡q
GKB c_ Aej¤^b Kiv n‡q‡Q| Ab¨vb¨ ag©xq eB-cy¯—‡KI GB KzcÖfve Kg
bq| †mB mv‡_ gvwmK g`xbv, ingvbx cqMvg, Av`k© bvix, evBwqbvZ cÖf„wZ
Bmjvgx cwÎKv¸‡jv kixÔAv‡Zi Ace¨vL¨vi wel cÖwZwbqZB Qov‡”Q|239
AZGe GB Ace¨vL¨v †_‡K mveavb!
(4) Zvivexn kã wb‡q weåvwš—:
`yB mvjvg ev Pvi ivKÔAvZ covi ci wekªvg †bIqv‡K ÔZvivexnÕ e‡j| D³
Zvivexn kãwU eûePb| myZivs Kgc‡¶ 12 ivKÔAvZ n‡j Zvivexn n‡e| ZvB
ïay 8 ivKÔAvZ Qvjv‡Z Zvivexn cÖgvwYZ n‡e bv| AZGe ÔZvivexnÕ kãwU
we‡k−lY Ki‡jI 20 ivKÔAvZB cÖgvwYZ nq|
ch©v‡jvPbv:
D³ hyw³ wPiš—b mZ¨‡K Gwo‡q hvIqvi e¨_© †KŠkj gvÎ| KviY Qnxn
eyLvix‡Z ewY©Z gv Av‡qkv (ivt)-Gi eY©bv‡ZB wZbwU êV‡Ki D‡j−L i‡q‡Q|
ZvQvov kixÔAv‡Zi `yB‡KI eûePb MY¨ Kiv nq|240
G¶‡Y D³ hyw³ †g‡b
wb‡jI Zv‡Z ïay 20 ivKÔAvZ n‡e †Kb, Zvi †ekxI n‡Z cv‡i KgI nÕ‡Z
cv‡i| c¶vš—‡i cuvP êV‡Ki †h eY©bv G‡m‡Q Zvi Qnxn †Kvb wfwË †bB|
AZGe hyw³ bq, Avgiv ivm~‡ji nv`x‡Qi cÖwZ AZ¥mgc©Y Kivi D`vË AvnŸvb
RvbvB|
238
. †`Lyb: 2q LÊ, c„t 251-255, nv/734, 739, 740, 741|
239
. H, Rvbyqvix Õ99, cÖ‡kœvËi bs 60 I 88 `ªt, H, wW‡m¤î Õ99, c„t 10|
240
. m~iv ZIevn 40; Qnxn eyLvix nv/3615, ÔgvbvwK¡eÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-22|

(5) g°v I g`xbvi gmwR‡ì Zvivexn wb‡q mskq:
gmwR‡` nvivg I beex‡Z 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn cov nq| G‡Z cÖgvwYZ nq
†h, Qvnvex‡ì hyM †_‡K GB aviv P‡j Avm‡Q|
ch©v‡jvPbv:
Avgiv eje, gmwR‡` nvivg I beexi AvgjB hw` kixÔAv‡Zi `jxj nq,
ZvnÕ‡j ïay Zvivexni †¶‡Î †Kb? Ab¨vb¨ Avgj †¶‡ÎI Zv nIqv Avek¨K|
KviY GB ivgvhv‡bB Dfq gmwR‡` †kl `k‡Ki cuvPwU †e‡Rvo iv‡ZB
jvqjvZzj K¡ì AbymÜvb Kiv nq, wKš‘ G‡`‡k †Kb ïay 27 ZvwiL cvjb Kiv
nq? †mLv‡b g`xbvi QvÔ Abyhvqx GK QvÕ mgcwigvY Lv`¨km¨ Øviv wdriv
†Ìqv nq, wKš‘ Avgv‡ì †`‡k †Kb BivKx QvÔ Abyhvqx Aa© QvÕ M‡gi wnmv‡e
UvKv Øviv wdriv †Ìqv nq? †mLv‡b 12 ZvKex‡i C‡ì QvjvZ cov nq, wKš‘
G‡`‡k †Kb 6 ZvKex‡i cov nq? Giƒcfv‡e †`L‡Z †M‡j G‡`‡ki cÖvq mKj
AvgjB †mLvbKvi Avg‡ji we‡ivax| †Kej ¯^v‡_©i †¶‡Î g°v-g`xbvi D×„wZ
†ck Kiv Avj−vnfxwZ I ¯^”QZvi cwiPq bq|
ZvQvov mD`x Avi‡ei D³ `yB gmwR` Qvov Ab¨vb¨ mKj gmwR‡`B 8
ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn cov nq| GB †¶‡Î Avi †Kvb e³e¨ Av‡Q wK? †gvUK_v
Avgiv g°v-g`xbvi AbymiY Kwi bv, eis cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x‡Qi
AbymiY Kwi|
g~j K_v nÕj, D³ `yB gwmR‡` Zvivexni `yBevi `yÕwU RvgvÔAvZ AbywôZ nq|
10 ivKÔAvZ cwo‡q GKRb Bgvg P‡j hvb| c‡i Ab¨Rb G‡m 10 ivKÔAvZ
covb| AZtci weZi c‡ob| hv‡Z e¨¯— †jv‡Kiv †k‡li RvgvÔAv‡Z kixK
n‡Z cv‡i| †mLv‡b Qnxn gymwj‡gi nv`xQ Abyhvqx 10 ivKÔAvZ I †k‡l 1
ivKÔAvZ weZimn †gvU 11 ivKÔAvZ cov nq| Z‡e wK¡ivAv‡Zi `xN©Zvi
Kvi‡Y D³ `yB RvgvÔAv‡Zi eëavb eZ©gv‡b K‡g †M‡Q| Giƒcfv‡e eZ©gv‡b
XvKv‡ZI A‡bK gmwR‡` n‡”Q| AZGe Qvnvev‡q †Kiv‡gi hyM †_‡K D³
wbqg P‡j Avm‡Q GK_v åvwš—c~Y©| KviY QvnvexM‡Yi hy‡M Gi Aw¯—Z¡ wQj bv|
G wel‡q cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| m¤¢eZ GB RvgvÔAv‡Zi aviv Pvjy
n‡q‡Q Qvnvex‡ì hyM †kl nIqvi A‡bK c‡i| †hgbwU Beby Zvqwgqvn (int)
Bw½Z w`‡q‡Qb|241
(6) hCd I Rvj nv`x‡Qi c‡¶ IKvjZx:
241
. Avj−vgv nv‡dh hvqjvC, bvQeyi ivqvn (wiqvh: Avj-gvKZvevZzj Bmjvwgqvn, 1973
L„t/1393 wnt), 2q LÊ, c„t 153; gvRg~ÔD dvZvIqv, 23/113 c„t)|

A‡b‡K †kl nvwZqvi wnmv‡e hCd I Rvj nv`x‡Qi c‡¶ †Rviv‡jv cÖPviYv
Pvjvb| 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi nv`xQ Rvj n‡jI Zv‡`i wbKU wKQz hvq Av‡m bv|
gvIjvbv AvRxRyj nK, b~i †gvnv¤§v` AvRgx, gvIjvbv gI`~`x cÖgyL D³ Rvj
I hCd nv`xQ ØvivB `jxj MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|
†h nv`xQ hCd, Rvj, Awfhy³ Ges wfwËnxb e‡j cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q, †m nv`xQ
Øviv kixÔAv‡Zi `jxj mve¨¯— Kiv hvq bv| KviY kixÔAvZ me©cÖKvi Î“wUi
E‡aŸ©, GLv‡b `ye©jZvi †Kvb my‡hvM †bB| KviY Avj−vni c¶ †_‡K bvwhjK…Z
weavb Aåvš— I wPiš—b (m~iv wnRi 9; bvnj 44; AvbÔAvg 115)| wbf©i‡hvM¨ bq
Ggb dvwmK I Î“wUc~Y© e¨w³i e³e¨ MÖnY Ki‡Z ¯^qs Avj−vn ZvÔAvjvB wb‡la
K‡i‡Qb (ûRyivZ 6)| ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) nv`xQ MÖn‡Yi
e¨vcv‡i m‡e©v”P mZK©Zv Aej¤^b Ki‡Z e‡j‡Qb GKvwaK nv`x‡Q|242
Pvi
Ljxdvmn Ab¨vb¨ Qvnvex G e¨vcv‡i wQ‡jb AZ¨š— K‡Vvi| kxl©¯’vbxq
gynvwÏQMYI Zuuv‡`i c_ Aej¤^b K‡i‡Qb Ges Rvj I hCd nv`x‡Qi wei“‡×
AvRxeb msMÖvg K‡i †M‡Qb| cÖwm× Pvi Bgvg Avey nvbxdv, gv‡jK, kv‡dC,
Avngv` mK‡jB Rvj I hCd nv`x‡Qi wei“‡× wQ‡jb eo P¨v‡jÄ| A_P
A‡b‡K `vex K‡i _v‡Kb Rvj I hCd nv`xQ Avgj Kiv hv‡e| D³ `vex mwVK
bq|
Rvj nv`x‡Qi ûKzg:
nv`xQ Rvj cÖgvwYZ n‡j mKj gynvwÏ‡Qi HKg‡Z¨ Zv cÖZ¨vL¨vZ| Dnv cÖPvi
Kiv I Avgj Kiv gymwjg D¤§vni HKg‡Z¨ meB nvivg| W. Igi Beby nvmvb
IQgvb dvjvZvn e‡jb,
ÔBRgvi AvIZvaxb welq mg~‡ni Ab¨Zg nj- Rvj nv`x‡Qi
Dci Avgj Kiv GKwU we‡kl nvivg|243
AvnKvg, AvK¡x`v, dhxjZ, Iqvh-bQxnZ wKsev Drmvn I mZK©Zv †h Kvi‡YB
Rvj nv`xQ eY©bv Kiv †nvK gymwjg D¤§vni BRgv Øviv Zv nvivg, Kvexiv
†Mvbvn mg~‡ni g‡a¨ me‡P‡q eo †Mvbvni Aš—f©y³ Ges me©wbK…ó Aciva|
Bgvg beex (int) e‡jb,
242
. Qnxn eyLvix nv/3461, 1g LÊ, c„t 491; wgkKvZ nv/198, c„t 32; e½vbyev` wgkKvZ
nv/188, 2q LÊ, c„t 3; Qnxn eyLvix nv/109, c„t 21, ÔBjgÕ Aa¨q, Aby‡”Q`-38|
243
. Igi Beby nvmvb IQgvb dvjvZvn. Avj-IqvhÔD wdj nv`xQ (w`gv®‹: gvKZvevZzj
Mvhvjx, 1981/1401), 1g LÊ, c„t 332|

.
ÔkixÔAv‡Zi AvnKvg ZvQvovI Drmvn, fxwZ, Dc‡`kmn †h wel‡qB ivm~j
(Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi wg_¨v‡ivc Kiv †nvK Zv nvivg| Gi g‡a¨
†Kvb cv_©K¨ †bB| gymwjg D¤§vni HKg‡Z¨ meB nvivg, e„nr Kvexiv †Mvbvn
mg~n I RNb¨ Kvh©vw`i Aš—fy©³Õ|244
gynvwÏQ hv‡q` web Avmjvg e‡jb,
. Ônv`xQ wg_¨v cÖgvwYZ nIqv m‡Ë¡I †h Zvi Dci Avgj K‡i †m
kqZv‡bi Lv‡`gÕ|245
hCd nv`x‡Qi ûKzg:
hCd nv`x‡Qi †¶‡Î we‡kl K‡i dhxjZ ms vš— nv`x‡Qi cÖwZ †KD †KD
wkw_jZv cÖ`k©b Ki‡jI cÖ_g mvwii gynvwÏQM‡Yi g‡Z †Kvb †¶‡ÎB hCd
nv`xQ MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| Bgvg eyLvix, gymwjg, BqvnBqv Beby gvCb, Bebyj
Avivex gv‡jKx, Beby nvhvg, Beby ZvBwgqvn cÖgyL kxl©¯’vbxq gynvwÏQMY mKj
†¶‡Î hCd nv`xQ eR©b K‡i‡Qb|
me©‡¶‡Î hCd nv`xQ eR©‡bi c‡¶ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q kvqL Avj−vgv
RvgvjyÏxb K¡v‡mgx (int) Bgvg eyLvix I gymwjg m¤ú‡K© e‡jb,
.
Ô¯úó †h, Bgvg eyLvix I gymwj‡gi ixwZI ZvB| Bgvg eyLvix Qnxn eyLvix‡Z
†h kZ© Aej¤^b K‡i‡Qb Ges Bgvg gymwjg hCd ivex‡`i Dci †h eo †`vl
Av‡ivc K‡i‡Qb hv Avgiv c~‡e© Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ- Zv‡Z †mUvB cÖgvwYZ nq|
244
. Bgvg beex, ki‡n Qnxn gymwjg 1g LÊ, c„t 8; gyK¡vÏvg gymwjg, Aby‡”Q`-2 Gi
†klvsk `ªt|
245
. gynv¤§v` Zv‡ni cvÆvbx, ZvhwKivZzj gvIh~ÔAvZ c„t 7; Avj-IqvhÔD wdj nv`xQ 1g LÊ,
c„t 333|

ZvQvov Zv‡ì Qnxn MÖš’Ø‡q †Kvb cÖKvi hCd nv`xQ eY©bv bv KivI Zvi
cÖgvYÕ|246
Bgvg gymwjg hCd nv`x‡Qi wei“‡× wb‡gœv³ wk‡ivbvg iPbv K‡i‡Qb,
. Ô`ye©j ivex‡ì
†_‡K nv`xQ eY©bv Kiv wbwl× Ges Zv eY©bvi e¨vcv‡i mZK©Zv Aej¤^bÕ|247
AZtci wZwb Gi c‡¶ A‡bK cÖgvY D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi wbKU hCd nv`xQ
eY©bv KivB wbwl×, Avgj Kiv †Zv A‡bK `~‡ii K_v|
Bebyj Avivex (g„t 543 wnt) e‡jb,
ÔhCd nv`xQ †Kvb †¶‡ÎB Avgj Kiv hvq bvÕ|
248
wek¦weL¨vZ gyRvwÏ`, cuvP kZvwaK †gŠwjK MÖ‡š’i cÖ‡YZv, kvqL Avnvg` Beby
ZvBwgqvn (661-728 wnt) e‡jb,
.
ÔkixÔAv‡Zi †¶‡Î hCd nv`xQ mg~‡ni Dci wbf©ikxj nIqv êa bq, hv Qnxn
Ges nvmvb e‡j cÖgvwYZ nqwbÕ|249
kvqL Avj−vgv bvwQi“Ïxb Avjevbx mKj †¶‡Î hveZxq hCd nv`xQ eR©‡bi
c‡¶ ewjôwP‡Ë e‡jb,
.
ÔwbðqB hCd nv`xQ †Kej AwZwi³ aviYvi dv‡q`v †`q, HKg‡Zï wfwË‡Z
hvi cÖwZ Avgj Kiv êa bq| myZivs †h e¨w³ e‡j, dhxjZ ms vš— hCd
246
. Avj−vgv RvgvjyÏxb K¡v‡mgx, K¡vIqvB`yZ Zvn`xQ wgb db~wb gyQZ¡vjvwnj nv`xQ (îi“Z:
`vi“j KzZze Avj-Bjwgqvn, 1353 wnt), c„t 113; Dq~byyj AvQvi 1/15 c„t; ûKgyj
Avgvj web nv`xwQh hCd, c„t 69|
247
. Qnxn gymwjg, gyK¡vÏvgvn `ªt 1g LÊ, c„t 9, Aby‡”Q`-4|
248
. nv‡dh mvLvfx, Avj-K¡vIjyj evjxM dx dvhwjQ QvjvwZ Avjvj nvexwek kvwdÔ, c„t 195;
Qnxn AvZ-ZviMxe IqvZ Zvinxe 1g LÊ, c„t 47-48|249
. Beby Zvqwgqvn, K¡v‡q`vZzb Rvjxjvn wdZ ZvIqvmwmj Iqvj Iqvmxjvn, c„t 84; Avj-
nv`xQyh hCd Iqv ûKgyj BnwZRvwR wenx, c„t 267|

nv`x‡Qi Dci Avgj Kiv hv‡e Zv‡K Aek¨B `jxj †ck Ki‡Z n‡e| wKš‘ Zv
†Zv Am¤¢eÕ!250
GQvovI gynvwÏQM‡bi Ab¨Zg g~jbxwZ nj, hCd nv`xQ D‡j−L Kivi mgq
ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi w`‡K m‡¤^vab bv Kiv|251
gynvwÏQM‡Yi DcwiD³ P~ovš— g~jbxwZB cÖgvY K‡i hCd nv`xQ †Kvb ch©v‡qi|
hv ejvi mgqI ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi bv‡g ejv hvq
bv| GgbwK †Kvb Qvnvex Zv‡eCi bv‡gI eY©bv Kiv hvq bv| ZvnÕ‡j †Kvb
we‡e‡K Zvi Dci Avgj Kiv hv‡e? Avgiv g‡b Kwi, hCd nv`xQ eR©‡bi Rb¨
GB g~jbxwZB h‡_ó| †gvUK_v hCd I Rvj nv`xQ m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c eR©‡bi g‡a¨
gymwjg D¤§vni Rb¨ gnv Kj¨vY wbwnZ i‡q‡Q|252
(7) nv`xQ weK…wZi `ytmvnm:
`jxq †Muvovgx gvbyl‡K AÜ I ewai K‡i †d‡j| Dcgnv‡`‡ki gvhnvex
Av‡jgM‡Yi A‡b‡K D³ K¨vÝv‡i Av vš— n‡q wb‡Riv weåvš— n‡q‡Qb,
Ab¨‡ì‡KI weåvš— K‡i‡Qb| †Kvbfv‡e hLb Qnxn nv`x‡Qi ûKzg LÊb Kiv
m¤¢e nqwb ZLb nv`x‡Qi kã, evK¨, wk‡ivbvg weK…wZ Ki‡ZI Zviv KzÉv‡eva
K‡ibwb| nv`x‡Qi kã cwieZ©b, e„w×KiY, n«vmKiY me©‡¶‡ÎB Drmvn cÖ`vb
K‡i‡Q gvhnvex msKxY©Zv| ïay Zvivexn ms vš— wb‡gœ K‡qKwU D`vniY †ck
Kiv nÕj-
(GK) nv`x‡Qi cÖavb QqwU MÖ‡š’ 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi †Kvb nv`xQ †bB| A_P
Avey`vE‡ì D×„wZ †ck Kiv n‡q _v‡K| KviY nÕj `vi“j Dj~g †Ìe›`
gvìvmvi cÖavb wk¶K kvqLyj wn›` bv‡g L¨vZ gvIjvbv gvng~`yj nvmvb
(1238-1338 wnt) mybv‡b Avey`vE‡ì GKwU nv`x‡Qi kã cwieZ©b
K‡i‡Qb| hwÌ nv`xQwU Bgvg Avey`vE`mn Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏQM‡Yi wbKU hCd|
g~j nv`xQwU nÕj-
..
250
. Zvgvgyj wgbœ−vn, c„t 34|
251
. †`Lyb: Bgvg beex, gyK¡vÏvgvn ki‡n gymwjg, Aby‡”Q` 2-Gi †klvsk; Avj-gvRg~Ô
kviûj gynvhhve 1/63 c„t; Zvgvgyj wgbœvn, c„t 39|252
. we¯—vwiZ `ªt †jLK cÖYxZ- ÔhCd I Rvj nv`xQ eR©‡bi g~jbxwZÕ eB|

nvmvb †_‡K ewY©Z, Igi (ivt) DevB Beby KvÔ‡ei gva¨‡g †jvK‡ì GKwÎZ
K‡ib| AZtci wZwb Zv‡ì‡K 20 ivwÎ QvjvZ Av`vq Kivb|253
D³ nv`x‡Qi UxKvq gvIjvbv gvng~`yj nvmvb wb‡Ri c¶ †_‡K kã ˆZwi K‡i
e‡j‡Qb, Ab¨ eY©bvq Ôwek ivKÔAvZÕ i‡q‡Q| GB weK…Z k‡ãB
w`j−x ÔgyRZevC †cÖmÕ Avey`vE` Qvcvq| AZtci gvIjvbv Lvqi“j nvmvb
Avey`vE` kix‡di UxKv wjL‡Z wM‡q Ôwek ivKÔAvZÕ wg_¨v
K_vUzKz g~j nv`x‡Qi mv‡_ †hvM K‡ib Ges nv`x‡Qi g~j kã Ôwek
ivZÕ UxKvq †hvM K‡ib| hv w`j−x gRx`x †cÖm †_‡K Qvcv‡bv nq|254
D³
ms¯‹iYwU 1985 mv‡j †Ìe‡›ì ÔAvQvnûj gvZv‡eÕ †cÖm KZ…©K Qvcv nq, hv
AvRI ch©š— mgMÖ fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k cov‡bv n‡”Q|255
A_P Zvi c~‡e© 1264
wnRix‡Z w`j−x gynv¤§v`x †cÖm, 1272 wnRix‡Z w`j−x Kv‡ìx †cÖm mn256
ga¨cÖv‡P¨ Z_v wgki, wmwiqv, †jevbb, Kz‡qZ, mD`x Avie cÖf„wZ iv‡óª
cÖKvwkZ Avey`vE‡ì †Kvb GKwU‡ZI H wg_¨v kã †bB|
(`yB) Bgvg eyLvix (int) ÔZvivexni Qvjv‡Zi Aa¨vqÕ
bv‡g Qnxn eyLvix‡Z GKwU wk‡ivbvg D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb Ges †mLv‡b 11
ivKÔAv‡Zi gv Av‡qkv (ivt)-Gi nv`xQ eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ fviZ, cvwK¯—vb,
evsjv‡`‡k Qvcv Qnxn eyLvix †_‡K D³ wk‡ivbvg ev` †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| GUv
GKcÖKvi Z_¨ mš¿vm| Gi KviY nj, cÖPwjZ Av‡Q †h, ÔZvivexn I Zvnv¾y`
c„_K QvjvZ, Zvivexn 20 ivKÔAvZ Avi Zvnv¾y` 11 ivKÔAvZ, Av‡qkv
(ivt)-Gi nv`x‡Q Zvnv¾y‡ì K_v ejv n‡q‡Q BZ¨vw`| Bgvg eyLvix (int) D³
wk‡ivbvg iPbv Kivq Ges †mLv‡b 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi nv`xQ eY©bv Kivq D³
cÖPviYv åvš— e‡j cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| GQvov D³ wk‡ivbvg D‡j−L _vK‡j
Dcgnv`‡k Qnxn eyLvixi cvV`vb I cvVMÖnYKvix j¶ j¶ wk¶K-QvÎ I
Ijvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi wbKU D³ welqwU hLb cwi®‹vi n‡q hv‡e †h, Zvivexni
QvjvZ Avm‡jB 8 ivKÔAvZ; 20 ivKÔAvZ bq| ZvB GB b¨°viRbK †KŠkj
Aej¤^b Kiv n‡q‡Q|
253
. bvQeyi ivBqvn 2q LÊ, c„t 75 c„t; Avjevbx, hCd Avey`vE` nv/1429, c„t 202, 22
jvBb, ÔweZi Qvjv‡Z Kzb~ZÕ Aby‡”Q`|
254
. Be‡b Avngv` mvjvdx, Avn‡jnv`x‡mi cÖK…Z cwiPq (KwjKvZv: mvjvdx cÖKvkbx, 1bs
gviKzBm †jb, 2q ms¯‹iYt 1997), c„t 66-67|
255
. †`Lyb: Avey`vE` , c„t 202, QvjvZÕ Aa¨vq, ÔweZi Qvjv‡Z Kzb~ZÕ Aby‡”Q`|256
. Avn‡jnv`x‡Qi cÖK…Z cwiPq, c„t 67-68|

Avgiv `„pfv‡e wek¦vm Kwi †h, QjPvZzix K‡i Bmjvgx kixÔAvZ‡K KL‡bv
†Mvcb Kiv hvq bv| Qnxn eyLvix ïay Dcgnv‡`‡kB Qvcv nq bv; eis we‡k¦i eû
†`‡k Avj−vn Zvi Qvcv‡bvi eë¯’v †i‡L‡Qb| ZvB wmwiqv, wgmi, Kz‡qZ,
†jevbb, mD`x Aviemn Ab¨vb¨ †`‡k Qnxn eyLvix hZ evi Qvcv‡bv n‡q‡Q
†mLv‡bB D³ wk‡ivbvg Av‡Q, Zv cyivZb †nvK Avi bZzb †nvK| Avd‡mvm!,
nK¡ †Mvcb Kivi GB RNb¨ cÖ‡Póv Avi KZ w`b Pj‡e! gvhnvex eëmvi
RqRqKvi †h Dcgnv‡`‡kB wmsnfvM P‡j G¸‡jvB Zvi ev¯—e cÖgvY|
(wZb) ÔDg`vZzj K¡vixÕ cÖ‡YZv Avj−vgv AvBbx Bgvg evqnvK¡xi D×„Z GKwU
`ye©j nv`x‡Qi †k‡l AwZwi³ evK¨ †hvM K‡i‡Qb| g~j eY©bvwU nÕj,
.
mv‡qe Beby Bqvhx` (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z, wZwb e‡jb, Igi (ivt)-Gi hvgvbvq
ivgvhvb gv‡m †jv‡Kiv 20 ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ Av`vq KiZ|257
D³ eY©bvi †k‡l
†hvM Kiv n‡q‡Q- ÔGes IQgvb I Avjx (ivt)-
Gi mg‡qI Giƒcfv‡e (20 ivKÔAvZ) cov nÕZÕ|258
A_P evqnvK¡xi †Kvb
MÖ‡š’B D³ evowZ Ask cvIqv hvqwb| †hgb Avj−vgv bxgfx nvbvdx (int) Zuvi
ÔZvÔjxKz AvQvwim mybvbÕ MÖ‡š’ e‡jb,
Ô(AvBbxi) D³ e³e¨ wb‡Ri c¶ †_‡K mwbœ‡ewkZ; evqnvK¡xi MÖš’mg~‡n cvIqv
hvq bvÕ|259
eY©bvwU mb‡ì w`K w`‡q Ggwb‡ZB `ye©j| Gi Dci Avevi Rvj
Kiv n‡q‡Q| hv‡K e‡j Ôgovi Dci Luvovi NvÕ| G wel‡q wØZxq Aa¨v‡q 2 bs
nv`x‡Qi Av‡jvPbv †`Lyb|
(Pvi) ZveivYx‡Z ewY©Z GKwU nv`x‡Qi †k‡l weK…wZ NUv‡bv n‡q‡Q| hwÌ
nv`xQwU hCd I gybKvi| g~j nv`xQwU nj-
.
257
. evqnvK¡x, Avm-mybvbyj Kzeiv nv/4617, 2q LÊ, 698-99|
258
. Dg`vZzj K¡vix 7g LÊ, c„t 178, ÔZvnv¾y`Õ Aa¨vq, I 5g LÊ, c„t 267|
259
. wgiÔAvZzj gvdvZxn 4_© LÊ, c„t 333, nv/1310-Gi Av‡jvPbv `ªt|

hv‡q` Beby Inve e‡jb, Ave`yj−vn Beby gvmÔE` (ivt) ivgvhvb gv‡m
Avgv‡`i‡K QvjvZ cwo‡q‡Qb| AZtci wZwb ivwÎ‡ZB cÖZ¨veZ©b Ki‡Zb|260
D³ eY©bvi †k‡l Rvj K‡i e„w× Kiv n‡q‡Q,
. ÔAvÔgvk e‡jb, wZwb wek ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn Ges wZb
ivKÔAvZ weZi cov‡ZbÕ|261
D³ evowZ As‡ki †Kvb wfwË †bB| AÜ ¯^v‡_©i
Rb¨ Rvj Kiv n‡q‡Q| wØZxqZ: ZveivYxi eY©bvwUI hCd I gybKvi| G wel‡q
wØZxq Aa¨v‡qi 13 bs nv`x‡Qi Av‡jvPbv `ªt|
20 ivKÔAv‡Zi A‡hŠw³K `vex‡K †Rvic~e©K mgv‡R wUwK‡q ivLvi nxb ¯^v‡_©
DcwiD³ Ac‡KŠkj I cÖZviYvi duv` cvZv n‡q‡Q hy‡M hy‡M| †mB duv‡`B
AvU‡K c‡o‡Q mijcÖvY gymwjg RbZv| Z_vKw_Z gvhnvex †MuvovgxB G mKj
A‰bK¨ I weåvwš—i g~j KviY| GB †bvsiv ¯Z‚c‡K i¶v Kivi Rb¨B gw¯—®‹
cÖm~Z weav‡bi AeZviYv| Zv bv n‡j nv`xQ Rvj I weK„wZ Kivi gZ RNb¨
AcK‡g© Av‡jgMY wjß n‡Zb bv| kxÔAviv `jxq ¯^v‡_© j¶ j¶ nv`xQ Rvj
K‡i‡Q|262
Avi gvhnvexiv gvhnve‡K wUwK‡q ivLvi Rb¨ nv`x‡Qi weK…wZ
NwU‡q‡Q| ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi nv`xQ gIRy` _vK‡Z
wewfbœ wg_¨v †KŠk‡j Zv‡K Gwo‡q hvIqv AZxe RNb¨ Kg©| GUv nv`x‡Qi cÖwZ
e„×v½ywj cÖ`k©b Kivi kvwgj| G‡¶‡Î Bgvg kv‡dC (150-204 wnt)-Gi
e³e¨ LyeB cÖvavb¨‡hvM¨,
.
ÔmKj gymwjg G wel‡q GKgZ †cvlY K‡i‡Qb †h, hvi wbKU ivm~jyj−vn
(Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi mybœvZ cÖKvwkZ n‡e, †mB mybœvZ‡K Kv‡iv
K_vi gva¨‡g cwiZ¨vM Kiv Zvi Rb¨ nvivg n‡eÕ|263
Dcmsnvi:
Bmjvgx kixÔAvZ gnvb Avj−vn KZ…©K †cÖwiZ GK Aåvš— I AcÖwZ‡iva¨
msweavb| Gi `x‡ßv¾¡j cÖZxK n‡jb gynv¤§v` (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv
mvj−vg)| G‡Z †Kvb `ye©jZv †bB, †bB †Kvb Î“wUwePz¨wZ| gZv‰bK¨ I weZ‡K©i
260
. ZveivYx, Avj-gyÔRvgyj Kvexi 9/317 c„t, nv/9588|261
. Beby bvQi, wK¡qvgyj jvBj, c„t 21; QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 70|
262
. W. kvqL gyQZ¡dv mvevC, Avm-mybœvn Iqv gvKvbvZznv (ˆei“Z: Avj-gvKZveyj Bmjvgx,
1985 wnt/1405), c„t 79-81|
263
. QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 82; Avjevbx, wQdvZz QvjvwZb bvex (wiqvh: gvKZvevZzj
gvÔAvwid, 1991/1411), c„t 50|

mv‡_I Gi †Kvb mswk−óZv †bB| ZvB Avgv‡ì‡K hveZxq KjylZv I weZ‡K©i
†eovRvj wQbœ K‡i cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn mybœvn‡K k³fv‡e aviY Ki‡Z n‡e|
Avj−vni †NvlYv,
.
Ô†Zvgv‡ì cÖwZcvj‡Ki c¶ †_‡K hv AeZxY© n‡q‡Q †Zvgiv †Kej ZviB
AbymiY K‡iv, Dnv Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb Ajx-AvIwjqvi AbymiY Ki bvÕ (AvÔivd
3)| Ab¨Î Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb,
.
Ô†n gywgbMY! †Zvgiv Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji AvbyMZ¨ Ki Ges †Zvgv‡ì whwb
kvmK Zvi| †Zvgv‡ì gv‡S †Kvb wel‡q gZ‡f` †`Lv w`‡j †mUv‡K Avj−vn I
ivm~‡ji w`‡K wdwi‡q `vI, hw` †Zvgiv Avj−vn I AvwLiv‡Z wek¦vm K‡i _vK|
GUvB Kj¨vYKi I cwiYwZi w`K †_‡K DËgÕ (wbmv 59)|
wØZxqZ: Avgv‡ì Rb¨ GKgvÎ g‡Wj e¨w³ n‡jb gynv¤§v` (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn
Iqv mvj−vg)| wZwb e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kvb e¨w³i cÖvavb¨ †bB| GKgvÎ wZwbB Kvj
wK¡qvg‡Zi gv‡V Avgv‡ì Rb¨ mycvwik Ki‡eb| myZivs GKgvÎ Zuv‡KB
†gv‡Wj wnmv‡e MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e, Ab¨ KvD‡K bq| nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q,
.
ÔmyZivs †h gynv¤§v` (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi AvbyMZ¨ Kij †m
Avj−vniB AvbyMZ¨ ¯^xKvi Kij| Avi †h gynv¤§v‡ì Aeva¨Zv Kij †m
Avj−vniB Aeva¨Zv Kij| (g‡b †iL) GKgvÎ gynv¤§v` (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv
mvj−vg)-B gvby‡li g‡a¨ (nK¡ I evwZ‡ji) cv_©K¨ wba©viYKvix gvb`ÊÕ|264
Zuvi AvbyMZ¨ Qvov hw` Ab¨ Kv‡iv AvbyMZ¨ Kiv nq Zvn‡j †m Aek¨B c_åó
n‡e, hwÌ H AbymiYxq e¨w³ c~e©eZ©x †Kvb bexI nb| nv`x‡Qi wPiš—b mv¶¨,
264
. Qnxn eyLvix nv/7281, 2q LÊ, c„t 1081, ÔBÔwZQvgÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-2; wgkKvZ
nv/144; e½vbyev` wgkKvZ nv/137|

.
ÔH mËvi Kmg! hvi nv‡Z Avgvi cÖvY i‡q‡Q, G mgq †Zvgv‡ì wbKU hw`
g~mv (Avt)I AvMgb Ki‡Zb Avi †Zvgiv Avgv‡K †Q‡o Zuvi AbymiY Ki‡Z,
ZeyI †Zvgiv wbtm‡›`‡n c_åó n‡q †h‡Z| GgbwK ¯^qs g~mv (Avt) hw`
AvR‡K †eu‡P _vK‡Zb, Avi Avgvi beyIAZ †c‡Zb, Zvn‡j Aek¨B wZwbI
Avgvi AbymiY Ki‡ZbÕ|68
Avgiv gymwjg D¤§vn‡K hCd I Rvj nv`xQ, i“Mœ weZK© I †Kvb e¨w³i AÜ
AbymiY †_‡K gyL wdwi‡q gnv cweÎ Anxi weavb I m‡e©vËg Av`‡k©i
g~Z©cÖZxK wnmv‡e gynv¤§v` (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi w`‡K wd‡i
Avmvi D`vË AvnŸvb Rvbvw”Q| D³ Awb›`¨ my›ì RvbœvZx c‡_i mÜv‡bB
Avgv‡ì GB msMÖvg| †mRb¨ kviC †Kvb wel‡q Avgiv A_©-m¤ú‡ì P¨v‡jÄ
w`‡q gvbyl‡K †auvKv w`‡Z PvB bv| Avgv‡ì P¨v‡jÄ †Kej cÖ¾¡wjZ `jx‡ji|
Avgiv †Kej †mB Aåvš— kixÔAv‡Zi Av‡jv‡K mvwe©K Rxeb cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z
PvB Ges †mw`‡KB gvbyl‡K AvnŸvb Rvbv‡Z PvB| AZtci Avj−vni mš‘wó
AR©‡bi gva¨‡g ciKv‡j Rvbœv‡Zi GK †Kv‡Y VuvB †c‡Z PvB| †n Avj−vn!
Avgv‡ì G evmbv Avcwb Keyj Ki“b- Avgxb!!
68. `v‡igx nv/443; mb` nvmvb, wgkKvZ nv/194 I 177, c„t 30 I 32; e½vbyev`
wgkKvZ nv/184, 1g LÊ, c„t 135|
dih Qvjv‡Zi ci mw¤§wjZ gybvRvZ
m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z `jxjwfwËK
eB co–b-
kviC gvb`‡Ê gybvRvZkviC gvb`‡Ê gybvRvZkviC gvb`‡Ê gybvRvZkviC gvb`‡Ê gybvRvZ
gyhvddi web gynwmb
wba©vwiZ g~j¨t 40 UvKv
mvwe©K †hvMv‡hvM
bI`vcvov gvìvmv, †cvt mcyiv, ivRkvnx| †gvevBjt 01722-684490|

cwiwkócwiwkócwiwkócwiwkó
RvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_RvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_RvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_RvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_
Zvivexni QvjvZZvivexni QvjvZZvivexni QvjvZZvivexni QvjvZ

cwiwkócwiwkócwiwkócwiwkó
RvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_ ZvivexnRvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_ ZvivexnRvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_ ZvivexnRvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_ Zvivexn&&&&i QvjvZi QvjvZi QvjvZi QvjvZ
Zvivexni QvjvZ RvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_ cov mybœvZ| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn
Iqv mvj−vg) wZbw`b GB QvjvZ RvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_ c‡o‡Qb| AZtci dih
nIqvi Avk¼vq wZwb Avi RvgvÔAv‡Z c‡obwb| †hgb nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q,
.
Beby wknve e‡jb, DiIqv Avgv‡K e‡j‡Qb, Av‡qkv (ivt) Zv‡K Rvwb‡q‡Qb
†h, ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) GK`v Aa© iv‡Î †ei nÕ‡jb|
AZtci gmwR‡` QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡jb| Zuvi Qvjv‡Zi mv‡_ KwZcq e¨w³I
QvjvZ Av`vq Kij| AZtci †jv‡Kiv G wb‡q mKv‡j Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z jvMj|
d‡j Av‡Mi †jvK‡ì †P‡q AwaK †jvK GKwÎZ nÕj| AZtci wZwb QvjvZ
co‡jb, †jv‡KivI Zuvi mv‡_ QvjvZ Av`vq Kij| Zvici RbMY mKvj Kij
I Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z _vKj| d‡j Z…Zxq iv‡Î gmwR‡` †jvK msL¨v †ekx nÕj|
ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) Zvici †ei nÕ‡jb Ges QvjvZ Av`vq
Ki‡jb| †jv‡KivI Zuvi mv‡_ QvjvZ Av`vq Kij| PZz_© iv‡Z gmwR‡` †jvK
aij bv| Ae‡k‡l wZwb dR‡ii Qvjv‡Zi Rb¨ †ewi‡q Avm‡jb| wZwb hLb
dRi QvjvZ †kl Ki‡jb ZLb gyQj−x‡ì w`‡K wd‡i Zvkvnû‡ì b¨vq
em‡jb| AZtci nvg&` Qvbvi ci ej‡jb, †Zvgv‡ì ¯’v‡bi e¨vcv‡i Avgvi

fq nqwb; eis Avwg fq K‡iwQ GUv †Zvgv‡ì Dci dih n‡q hvq wK-bv|
d‡j †Zvgiv Zv Av`vq Ki‡Z A¶gZv †`Lv‡e| AZtci ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû
AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) g„ZyëiY Kiv ch©š— welqwU Hfv‡eB wQj|265
D³ nv`x‡Qi Av‡jv‡K A‡b‡K wZb w`‡bi †ekx RvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_ Zvivexn
cov‡K bvRv‡qh g‡b K‡ib| †KD †KD Zvivexni RvgvÔAvZ‡KB we`ÔAvZ
e‡j _v‡Kb| KviY ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) RvgvÔAv‡Z Zvivexn
cov †Q‡o w`‡qwQ‡jb| Igi (ivt) Zuvi †Ljvd‡Zi †kl w`‡K Zvivexni
RvgvÔAvZ cybivq Pvjy Kiv‡KI A‡b‡K kixÔAv‡Z we`ÔAvZ e‡j AwfwnZ
K‡ib| †ek wKQz Kvi‡Y D³ gZvgZ¸‡jv Î“wUc~Y©|
(GK) dih nIqvi Avk¼vq ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)
Zvivexni QvjvZ Avi RvgvÔAv‡Z bv co‡jI c~‡e©i avivevwnKZvq Qvnvev‡q
†Kivg wew¶ßfv‡e LÊ LÊ RvgvÔAv‡Z Zvivexn cov Ae¨vnZ †i‡LwQ‡jb|
†hgb c~‡e©i Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q,
..
Av‡qkv (ivt) e‡jb, ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) Gi gmwR‡`
ivgvhv‡bi ivwÎ‡Z RbMY wew¶ßfv‡e QvjvZ cowQj | mvgvb¨ KziAvb cov
Rv‡b Ggb e¨w³i mv‡_ cuvPRb, QqRb wKsev Zvi †P‡q Kg ev †ekx msL¨K
†jv‡Kiv RvgvÔAv‡Z QvjvZ cowQj| ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)
GK iv‡Î Avgvi N‡ii ìRvq GKwU PvUvB wewQ‡q w`‡Z Avgv‡K wb‡`©k
w`‡jb| Avwg ZvB Kijvg| AZtci wZwb †ei n‡jb Gkvi Qvjv‡Zi †kl
265. Qnxn eyLvix nv/2012, 1/269 c„t; Bdvev nv/1882|
RvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_ Zvivexn&i QvjvZ

mg‡qi ci| Av‡qkv (ivt) e‡jb, AZtci gmwR‡` hviv wQj Zviv ivm~jyj−vn
(Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi mv‡_ Rgv nÕj Ges wZwb Zv‡ì mv‡_ `xN©
ivwÎ ch©š— QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡jb|...266
D³ nv`xQ †_‡K eySv hvq, Zvivexn Qvjv‡Zi LÊvK…wZi RvgvÔAvZ c~e© †_‡KB
Pvjy wQj| AZtci †mB QvjvZB ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)
gyQj−x‡ì‡K wb‡q wZbw`b c‡ob| Zvici dih nIqvi Avk¼vq wZwb
RvgvÔAv‡Z cov †Q‡o †`b| wKš‘ Qvnvex‡ì c~‡e©i Avgj Ae¨vnZ wQj|267
GgbwK Igi (ivt)-Gi hyM ch©š— Pvjy wQj| †hgb-
Igi (ivt)-Gi Zvivexni RvgvÔAvZ cybivq Pvjy Kiv ms vš— nv`x‡Q ¯úófv‡e
ewY©Z n‡q‡Q,
....
Avãyi ingvb Beby Avãyj K¡vix e‡jb, ivgvhv‡bi †Kvb GK iv‡Î Avwg Igi
(ivt)-Gi mv‡_ gmwR‡ì w`‡K †ei nÕjvg| ZLb †jv‡Kiv c„_K c„_K n‡q
wew”Qbœ wQj| †KD GKvKx QvjvZ cowQj, Avevi †KD QvjvZ cowQj Avi Zvi
Qvjv‡Zi mv‡_ GK`j †jvK QvjvZ Av`vq KiwQj| Igi (ivt) ej‡jb, Avwg
hw` Zv‡ì‡K GKRb K¡vixi wcQ‡b GKwÎZ Kwi ZvnÕ‡j Zv fvj n‡e|
AZtci B”Qv Ki‡jb Ges DevB Beby KvÔ‡ei mv‡_ †jvK‡ì‡K GKwÎZ
Ki‡jb .....|268
AZGe D¤§‡Zi Rb¨ Zvivexni QvjvZ RvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_ covi weavb
¯^vfvweK| Avi dih nIqvi Avk¼v †Kej ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv
mvj−vg) Rb¨B wQj, D¤§‡Zi Rb¨ bq|
266. gymbv‡` Avngv` nv/26350, 6/267 c„t, mb` Qnxn; Qnxn eyLvix nv/2012, 1/269
c„t|
268. Qnxn eyLvix nv/2010, 1/269 c„t, Bdvev cÖKvkbx, nv/1880, Ôivgvhv‡bi QvjvZÕ
Aa¨vq|

(`yB) Zvivexni QvjvZ RvgvÔAv‡Z covi e¨vcv‡i ¯^qs ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû
AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-B Drmvn cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| †hgbwU wb‡gœi nv`x‡Q
cwi®‹vifv‡e ejv n‡q‡Q,
.
Aveyhvi (ivt) e‡jb, Avgiv ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi mv‡_
wQqvg cvjb Kijvg wKš‘ wZwb Avgv‡ì mv‡_ QvjvZ (Zvivexn) co‡jb bv|
Ae‡k‡l hLb gv‡mi mvZ w`b Aewkó _vKj ZLb wZwb Avgv‡ì mv‡_ QvjvZ
co‡jb- GgbwK iv‡Zi Z…Zxqvsk ch©š—| Zvici lô iv‡Î wZwb Avgv‡ì mv‡_
QvjvZ co‡jb bv| AZtci cÂg iv‡Z Avgv‡ì mv‡_ QvjvZ co‡jb-
GgbwK Aa© ivZ ch©š—| Zvici Avgiv ejjvg, †n Avj−vni ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû
AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)! evKx ivZ¸‡jv hw` Avgv‡ì Rb¨ bdj K‡i w`‡Zb!
(KZB bv fvj nÕZ)| ZLb wZwb ej‡jb, Ô†h e¨w³ Bgvg QvjvZ †kl Kiv
ch©š— Zvi mv‡_ QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡e Zvi Rb¨ cy‡iv ivwÎ QvjvZ Av`vq Kivi
QIqve wj‡L †Ìqv n‡eÕ| AZtci wZwb gv‡mi wZb ivZ Aewkó _vKv ch©š—
Avgv‡ì mv‡_ QvjvZ co‡jb bv| Zvici wZwb Z…Zxq iv‡Î Zuvi cwievi I
¯¿x‡ìmn Avgv‡ì mv‡_ QvjvZ co‡jb| GgbwK Avgiv dvjvn Qz‡U hvIqvi
Avk¼v KiwQjvg| ivex e‡jb, Avwg wR‡Ám Kijvg, dvjvn Kx? wZwb ej‡jb,
mvnvix|269
kvqL Avjevbx D³ nv`xQ D‡j−L K‡i e‡jb,
269. Qnxn wZiwghx nv/806, 1/166 c„t; Qnxn Avey`vE` nv/1375, 1/195 c„t.; Qnxn
bvmvC nv/1605, 1/182 c„t.; Qnxn Beby gvRvn nv/1327, c„t 94; Beby Avex kvqevn
2/286 c„t; QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 14|

.
Ôivgvhvb gv‡m Bgv‡gi mv‡_ iv‡Zi QvjvZ Av`v‡qi dhxj‡Zi e¨vcv‡i GB
nv`xQ ¯úó cÖgvY enb K‡iÕ|270
Bgvg Avey`vE` (int) Bgvg Avngv` web
nv¤^‡ji e³e¨ D‡j−L K‡i e‡jb,
.
ÔAvwg Bgvg Avngv`‡K ej‡Z ï‡bwQ, Zuv‡K wR‡Ám Kiv n‡qwQj, ivgvhvb
gv‡m †h GKvKx QvjvZ c‡o †m Avcbv‡K AvK…ó K‡i, bv †h †jvK‡ì mv‡_
RvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_ QvjvZ c‡o †m? wZwb e‡jb, †h †jvK‡ì mv‡_ QvjvZ
Av`vq K‡i †m| Bgvg Avey`vE` Av‡iv e‡jb, Avwg Zuv‡K GUvI ej‡Z ï‡bwQ
†h, Avgv‡K H e¨w³ AvK„ó K‡i †h Bgv‡gi mv‡_ QvjvZ Av`vq K‡i Ges
weZi c‡o| †hgb bex Kixg (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) e‡j‡Qb, ÔhLb
†Kvb e¨w³ Bgvg QvjvZ †kl Kiv ch©š— Zvi mv‡_ QvjvZ Av`vq K‡i ZLb
Avj−vn Zvi Rb¨ cy‡iv ivwÎ QvjvZ Av`vq Kivi QIqve wba©viY K‡i †`bÕ|271
D³ nv`x‡Q RvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_ Zvivexn covi ¯’vwqZ¡ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q Ges
RvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_ Zvivexn covi Rb¨ ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv
mvj−vg) †h wb‡RB Drmvn cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb †mUvI cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| †mB mv‡_
RvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_ covi we‡kl dhxjZI eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
(wZb) ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) Gi g„Zzï ci dih nIqvi
Avk¼v `~i n‡q †M‡Q| myZivs Zvivexni QvjvZ D¤§‡Zi Rb¨ RvgvÔAv‡Zi
mv‡_ covi e¨vcv‡i †Kvb evav †bB| KviY LÊ RvgvÔAvZ c~e© †_‡KB Ae¨vnZ
avivq Pvjy wQj| kvqL Avjevbx (int) e‡jb,
271. Avey`vE`, Avj-gvmvBj, c„t 62|

.
ÔAvwg ejwQ, RvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_ Zvivexni QvjvZ cov kviC weavb nIqvi
e¨vcv‡i G mg¯— nv`xQ ¯úó cÖgvY enb K‡i| KviY D³ ivwÎ¸‡jv‡Z QvjvZ
Av`v‡q ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) Gi avivevwnKZv i‡q‡Q|
4_© iv‡Î Zvivexn bv covi Kvi‡Y Zv wbwl× nIqv eySvq bv| KviY Gi D‡Ïk¨
wQj ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) Gi e³e¨ ÔAvwg Avk¼v KiwQ
†Zvgv‡`i Dci dih n‡q hvq wK-bvÕ| wbtm‡›`‡n Zuvi g„Zz¨i ci kixÔAvZ
c~i‡Yi gva¨‡g D³ m‡›`n `~i n‡q †M‡Q| Avi G Rb¨ RvgvÔAvZ Z¨vM Kivi
KviYI `~i n‡q †M‡Q| ZvB †mUv c~‡e©i ûKz‡g wd‡i hv‡e A_©vr kviC
RvgvÔAvZ| Avi GRb¨B Igi (ivt) Zv cybivq Pvjy K‡iwQ‡jb| GUvB Rgûi
weØvbM‡Yi e³e¨Õ|272
(Pvi) Igi (ivt) bZzb K‡i RvgvÔAvZ Pvjy K‡ibwb| wZwb †Kej Av‡M †_‡K
P‡j Avmv LÊ LÊ RvgvÔAvZ‡K GK RvgvÔAv‡Z cwiYZ K‡i k„•Ljv I
†mŠ›`h©ea©b K‡iwQ‡jb| myZivs wZwb bZzb K‡i RvgvÔAv‡Zi m~Pbv K‡i‡Qb G
K_v mwVK bq| wb‡gœi nv`xQ †_‡K †mUvB cÖgvwYZ nq-
272. QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t13|

.
Avãyi ingvb Beby Avãyj K¡vix e‡jb, ivgvhv‡bi †Kvb GK iv‡Î Avwg Igi
(ivt)-Gi mv‡_ gmwR‡ì w`‡K †ei nÕjvg| ZLb †jv‡Kiv c„_K c„_K n‡q
wew”Qbœ wQj| †KD GKvKx QvjvZ cowQj, Avevi †KD QvjvZ cowQj Avi Zvi
Qvjv‡Zi mv‡_ GK`j †jvK QvjvZ Av`vq KiwQj| Igi (ivt) ej‡jb, Avwg
hw` Zv‡ì‡K GKRb K¡vixi wcQ‡b GKwÎZ Kwi ZvnÕ‡j Zv fvj n‡e|
AZtci B”Qv Ki‡jb Ges DevB Beby KvÔ‡ei mv‡_ †jvK‡ì‡K GKwÎZ
Ki‡jb| Zvici Ab¨ GK iv‡Î Zuvi mv‡_ Avwg †ei njvg| ZLb †jv‡Kiv
GKR‡bi wcQ‡b QvjvZ Av`vq KiwQj| ZLb Igi (ivt) ej‡jb, Kx my›ì
bZzb m„wó! Z‡e Zviv hv co‡Q Zvi †P‡q DËg †mUvB hvi Rb¨ Zviv NygvZ
A_©vr †kl iv‡Îi QvjvZ| Z‡e †jv‡Kiv cÖ_gvs‡kB coZ|273
D‡j−L¨, D³ nv`x‡Q AvwfavwbK A‡_© Ômy›ì we`ÔAvZÕ ejv n‡q‡Q, kviC A‡_©
bq| KviY wZwb Gi m~PbvKvix bb| eis ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv
mvj−vg)-B Gi m~PbvKvix| wZwb †Kej †mUvB cybivq Pvjy K‡iwQ‡jb|
AveyeKi (ivt)-Gi msw¶ß †LjvdZKv‡j Ges Igi (ivt)-Gi cÖ_gv‡a© ivóªxq
wewfbœ Aw¯’iZv I mgm¨vi Kvi‡Y D³ RvgvÔAvZ cÖwZwôZ nqwb| AZtci
cwiw¯’wZ kvš— nÕ‡j c~Y©v½ RvgvÔAvZ Pvjy nq|274
(cuvP) me‡k‡l ejv hvq, Igi (ivt) KZ…©K cyb:cÖwZwôZ RvgvÔAv‡Z Qvnvev‡q
†Kivg kvwgj nIqvi gva¨‡g wbtm‡›`‡n Zv BRgv‡q Qvnvev cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| G
†¶‡ÎI Zvivexni RvgvÔAvZ mve¨¯— nq| myZivs Zvivexni QvjvZ RvgvÔAv‡Zi
mv‡_ covi e¨vcv‡i †Kvb cÖKvi mgv‡jvPbv _vKv mgxPxb bq|
.
.
273. Qnxn eyLvix nv/2010; wgkKvZ nv/1301; Be‡b nvRvi AvmKvjvbx e‡jb,
dvrûj evix, 4/318 c„t|
274. wgiÔAvZ 4/328|

hCd I Rvj nv`xQ wK Avgj‡hvM¨? mgv‡R †Kb Rvj nv`x‡Qi QovQwo?
Gi cÖvgvY¨ DËi Rvb‡Z co–b gyhvddi web gynwmb iwPZ -
hCd I Rvj nv`xQ eR©‡bihCd I Rvj nv`xQ eR©‡bihCd I Rvj nv`xQ eR©‡bihCd I Rvj nv`xQ eR©‡bi
g~jbxwZ
wba©vwiZ g~j¨: 25 (cuwPk) UvKv
dih Qvjv‡Zi ci mw¤§wjZ gybvRvZ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z
`jxjwfwËK eB co–b-
kviC gvb`‡Ê gybvRvZkviC gvb`‡Ê gybvRvZkviC gvb`‡Ê gybvRvZkviC gvb`‡Ê gybvRvZ
gyhvddi web gynwmb
mvwe©K †hvMv‡hvM
bI`vcvov gvìvmv, †cvt mcyiv, ivRkvnx
†gvevBjt 01722-684490, 01715-249694|
ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi C‡ì ZvKexi KÕwU wQj? Gi mwVK Reve
Rvb‡Z co–b gyhvddi web gynwmb iwPZ-
Qnxn nv`x‡Qi Kwócv_‡i
C‡ì ZvKexi

তারাবীহর রাক'আত সংখ্যা - একটি তাত্ত্বিক বিশ্লেষণ লেখক- মুযাফফর বিন মুহসিন Tarabih er rakatshonkhabymuzeffer

More Related Content

What's hot

Similar to তারাবীহর রাক'আত সংখ্যা - একটি তাত্ত্বিক বিশ্লেষণ লেখক- মুযাফফর বিন মুহসিন Tarabih er rakatshonkhabymuzeffer

More from Ruposhibangla24,Nawabganj,Dinajpur-5280

Recently uploaded

তারাবীহর রাক'আত সংখ্যা - একটি তাত্ত্বিক বিশ্লেষণ লেখক- মুযাফফর বিন মুহসিন Tarabih er rakatshonkhabymuzeffer