This lecture describes the combination of mechanical joining with adhesive bonding with respect to application criteria, productions considerations and resultant properties. General mechanical engineering background and familiarity with the subject matter covered in TALAT This lectures 4101- 4104 is assumed.
TALAT Lecture 4701: Terms and Definitions for Adhesive BondingCORE-Materials
This lecture defines the terms and definition of adhesive bonding of metals; it describes the basic physical/chemical characteristics of adhesive bonding; it also describes the characteristics and the properties of adhesives used in metal bonding. General background in production engineering and material science, some knowledge of the physics and chemistry of metallic surfaces and polymer science is assumed.
Optimisation of Welds with Manufacturing ConsiderationsSIMULIA
Fatigue is the main in-service failure mode for automotive chassis & suspension parts, especially weld fatigue. Over the years, Tata Steel Automotive Engineering (TSAE) has developed techniques for CAE durability assessment including the optimisation of seam-welded chassis/suspension structures. Seam weld optimisation at TSAE has previously been based on a constant weld length and constant gap between welds for each weld run. This method has two drawbacks; weld patterns generated are regular in nature, reducing the flexibility to position welds where they are most effective and• excessively short welds are often left at the end of a run of welds. The objective was to develop an improved optimisation technique using Isight that always produced a manufacturing feasible design and allowed more flexible and irregular positioning of welds. Manufacturing constraints considered were minimum weld length, minimum gap length and minimising the number of start/stop operations. To reduce the number of design variables, a new load-case-weighted optimisation scheme was developed using a single weighting factor for each load case. These factors were used to generate weld patterns by scaling the strain energy density in finite elements from an initial fully welded design. Weld elements were selected for retention/deletion by comparing a weighted sum across all load cases with a threshold value. During each optimisation, Isight varied the weighting factors as “design variables” to minimise overall weld length, while achieving stiffness and fatigue life targets. The process has been extended to function for laser weld designs where an intermittent weld pattern is generally the most effective.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The document summarizes a masters thesis defense on the effects of concrete mixture properties on aggregate interlock. The research objectives were to establish relationships between concrete properties and load transfer efficiency and aggregate interlock, and investigate how properties affect fracture parameters and aggregate interlock. Testing included measuring fracture energy, flexural strength, and volumetric surface texture of concrete mixtures. Statistical models found volumetric surface texture was affected by aggregate top size, LA abrasion value, and water-cement ratio.
This lecture describes the important factors governing weldability of aluminium, such as influence of alloying elements, combinations of base material and filler materials and edge preparation for welding. Basic knowledge in metallurgy of aluminium is assumed.
Introduction on Materials Joining EngineeringAdonyi
The document discusses why becoming a materials joining engineer is a good career path. It notes that joining/welding is essential for modern technologies and provides job stability with a high earning potential. The LeTourneau University offers ABET-accredited bachelor's degrees in Materials Joining Engineering and Engineering Technology with a focus on projects, applications, and guaranteed employment opportunities. The program includes challenging coursework covering materials, joining processes, design, assessment, and labs working with industry-standard equipment. Graduates have career opportunities in a variety of companies.
1. The document discusses various modes of failure and wear mechanisms in cutting tools. The major modes of failure are thermal cracking, mechanical chipping, and gradual wear.
2. Gradual wear includes crater wear on the tool face and flank wear on the side of the tool. Flank wear follows an S-curve as it progresses over time from initial rapid wear to uniform wear and finally destructive wear.
3. Mechanisms of tool wear are adhesive wear from bonding between surfaces, abrasive wear from hard particles plowing surfaces, diffusion wear from transfer of atoms between materials, and chemical wear from reactions between cutting fluids and tool materials.
An Overview of Design, Analysis, Construction and Installation of Offshore Pe...Professor Kabir Sadeghi
Offshore structures are used worldwide for a variety of functions and in a variety of water depths, and environments. Since right selection of equipment, types of
platforms and method of drilling and also right planning, design, fabrication, transportation, installation and commissioning of petroleum platforms, considering
the water depth and environment conditions are very important, this paper will present a general overview of these aspects. This paper reviews the fundamentals
behind all types of offshore structures (fixed or floating) and, in the case of fixed platforms, will cover applications of these principles. The overall objective is to provide a general understanding of different stages of design, construction, loadout, transportation and installation of offshore platforms. Finally, for different sea-water
depths, in which the Cyprus platforms are intended to be installed, suitable kinds of offshore platforms are proposed.
TALAT Lecture 4701: Terms and Definitions for Adhesive BondingCORE-Materials
This lecture defines the terms and definition of adhesive bonding of metals; it describes the basic physical/chemical characteristics of adhesive bonding; it also describes the characteristics and the properties of adhesives used in metal bonding. General background in production engineering and material science, some knowledge of the physics and chemistry of metallic surfaces and polymer science is assumed.
Optimisation of Welds with Manufacturing ConsiderationsSIMULIA
Fatigue is the main in-service failure mode for automotive chassis & suspension parts, especially weld fatigue. Over the years, Tata Steel Automotive Engineering (TSAE) has developed techniques for CAE durability assessment including the optimisation of seam-welded chassis/suspension structures. Seam weld optimisation at TSAE has previously been based on a constant weld length and constant gap between welds for each weld run. This method has two drawbacks; weld patterns generated are regular in nature, reducing the flexibility to position welds where they are most effective and• excessively short welds are often left at the end of a run of welds. The objective was to develop an improved optimisation technique using Isight that always produced a manufacturing feasible design and allowed more flexible and irregular positioning of welds. Manufacturing constraints considered were minimum weld length, minimum gap length and minimising the number of start/stop operations. To reduce the number of design variables, a new load-case-weighted optimisation scheme was developed using a single weighting factor for each load case. These factors were used to generate weld patterns by scaling the strain energy density in finite elements from an initial fully welded design. Weld elements were selected for retention/deletion by comparing a weighted sum across all load cases with a threshold value. During each optimisation, Isight varied the weighting factors as “design variables” to minimise overall weld length, while achieving stiffness and fatigue life targets. The process has been extended to function for laser weld designs where an intermittent weld pattern is generally the most effective.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The document summarizes a masters thesis defense on the effects of concrete mixture properties on aggregate interlock. The research objectives were to establish relationships between concrete properties and load transfer efficiency and aggregate interlock, and investigate how properties affect fracture parameters and aggregate interlock. Testing included measuring fracture energy, flexural strength, and volumetric surface texture of concrete mixtures. Statistical models found volumetric surface texture was affected by aggregate top size, LA abrasion value, and water-cement ratio.
This lecture describes the important factors governing weldability of aluminium, such as influence of alloying elements, combinations of base material and filler materials and edge preparation for welding. Basic knowledge in metallurgy of aluminium is assumed.
Introduction on Materials Joining EngineeringAdonyi
The document discusses why becoming a materials joining engineer is a good career path. It notes that joining/welding is essential for modern technologies and provides job stability with a high earning potential. The LeTourneau University offers ABET-accredited bachelor's degrees in Materials Joining Engineering and Engineering Technology with a focus on projects, applications, and guaranteed employment opportunities. The program includes challenging coursework covering materials, joining processes, design, assessment, and labs working with industry-standard equipment. Graduates have career opportunities in a variety of companies.
1. The document discusses various modes of failure and wear mechanisms in cutting tools. The major modes of failure are thermal cracking, mechanical chipping, and gradual wear.
2. Gradual wear includes crater wear on the tool face and flank wear on the side of the tool. Flank wear follows an S-curve as it progresses over time from initial rapid wear to uniform wear and finally destructive wear.
3. Mechanisms of tool wear are adhesive wear from bonding between surfaces, abrasive wear from hard particles plowing surfaces, diffusion wear from transfer of atoms between materials, and chemical wear from reactions between cutting fluids and tool materials.
An Overview of Design, Analysis, Construction and Installation of Offshore Pe...Professor Kabir Sadeghi
Offshore structures are used worldwide for a variety of functions and in a variety of water depths, and environments. Since right selection of equipment, types of
platforms and method of drilling and also right planning, design, fabrication, transportation, installation and commissioning of petroleum platforms, considering
the water depth and environment conditions are very important, this paper will present a general overview of these aspects. This paper reviews the fundamentals
behind all types of offshore structures (fixed or floating) and, in the case of fixed platforms, will cover applications of these principles. The overall objective is to provide a general understanding of different stages of design, construction, loadout, transportation and installation of offshore platforms. Finally, for different sea-water
depths, in which the Cyprus platforms are intended to be installed, suitable kinds of offshore platforms are proposed.
This document discusses mechanical joints and welding. It provides information on different types of mechanical joints like screws and rivets. It then discusses various welding processes like oxy-fuel gas welding, shield metal arc welding, and gas tungsten arc welding. Different welding joints are also illustrated like butt joints, lap joints, and tee joints. The document concludes with discussing welding terminology, classification of welding joints based on stress, and design considerations for welding joints.
This document discusses different fixtures and fastenings used for doors and windows, including hinges, bolts, handles, and locks. It describes several types of hinges like butt hinges, back flap hinges, and parliamentary hinges. Common bolts mentioned are tower bolts and barrel bolts. The document outlines handle types like H-handles, round handles, and decorative handles. Lock types covered are mortise locks, pad locks, and rim locks. In summary, the document provides details on hardware components used to mount and secure doors and windows.
This document provides details about various topics covered in a welding course, including:
1. It outlines the topics, hours, and status of the course which covers welding science, processes, energy sources, fluxes, welding arc physics, heat flow, joint design, testing, and metallurgy.
2. It describes the key characteristics of different arc welding processes including shielded metal arc welding, gas metal arc welding, flux-cored arc welding, submerged arc welding, and gas tungsten arc welding.
3. It discusses the physics of arc welding including arc plasma formation, arc temperature, arc polarity, effects of magnetic fields, and arc types from different power sources.
Heat treatments by Er.DEEPAK JNAGAL from RAYAT BAHRA HOSHIARPURdeepak jnagal
This document discusses various heat treatment techniques used to modify the microstructure and properties of metals. It describes processes like annealing, normalizing, tempering, quenching, and case hardening that involve controlled heating and cooling of alloys. The properties affected by these treatments include tensile strength, hardness, ductility, corrosion resistance, and machinability. Heat treatments can increase a metal's strength while reducing brittleness through processes like tempering after hardening.
This document presents the results of an experiment comparing the time-temperature profiles and weld properties of gas metal arc welding (GMAW), flux-cored arc welding (FCAW), and metal-cored arc welding (MCAW) processes. Time-temperature data was collected during welding and showed that FCAW reached the highest temperatures despite having the lowest heat input. Macrostructural images showed differences in weld reinforcement and porosity between the processes. Dimensional analysis found FCAW had the narrowest weld bead. Microstructural images revealed finer grains in FCAW and MCAW due to lower heat input. Microhardness testing showed welds from FCAW had the highest hardness.
Mr. Mubassir I. Ghoniya has satisfactorily completed his term work in mechanical engineering at the university. The document then discusses the definition of weldability as the ease with which two metals can be joined together through welding. It outlines several factors that affect the weldability of metals, such as melting point, thermal conductivity, and surface condition. Metals with better weldability like iron and steel are easier to weld and provide mechanically sound joints.
TALAT Lecture 2301: Design of Members Example 4.4: Bending moment resistance ...CORE-Materials
This 3 sentence summary provides the key details about the document:
1) The document is a 10 page example from a lecture on designing members for bending moment that analyzes the bending moment resistance of a welded hollow section with outstands using a class 4 cross section.
2) It presents the geometry, material properties, nodes, and elements of the hollow cross section and performs iterative calculations of the effective cross section area, stress distribution, and effective thicknesses accounting for any heat affected zones to determine the bending moment resistance.
3) The example is considered comprehensive because it shows calculations in detail, covers all classes of cross sections, and demonstrates how to increase effective thickness for non-fully stressed elements through
This lecture provides a background on aluminium alloys suitable for impact extrusion. It draws attention to raw material parameters which may affect the properties of impact extruded parts. Basic knowledge about the formability of metals and background in mechanical engineering is assumed.
TALAT Lecture 5104: Basic Approaches to Prevent Corrosion of AluminiumCORE-Materials
This lecture describes important measures for the prevention of corrosion of unprotected, bare
aluminium. Basic knowledge of corrosion behaviour of aluminium and some knowledge of the electrochemical nature of corrosion is assumed
This lecture describes the factors important for the quality assurance of adhesive joining; it gives information about the destructive and non-destructive testing methods for the quality control of adhesive joining. General background in production engineering and material science, some knowledge of mechanics and polymer science is assumed.
This lecture describes fabrication processes for superplastic forming, i.e. female and male die forming, and the criteria for selecting the correct process. General background in production engineering and material science is assumed.
This lecture helps to understand how the properties of forgings evolve during the manufacturing process. General understanding of metallurgy and deformation processes is assumed.
TALAT Lecture 4205: Testing Methods for Welded JointsCORE-Materials
This lecture gives information about the relevant non-destructive and destructive testing methods for aluminium welded joints. Background in production welding and quality assurance is assumed.
TALAT Lecture 3503: Finishing and other Supplementary OperationsCORE-Materials
This lecture describes supplementary fabrication measures for impact extruded parts and gives some examples of finished impacts. Basic knowledge about the formability of metals and background in mechanical engineering is assumed.
TALAT Lecture 3801: Manufacturing Examples and FundamentalsCORE-Materials
This lecture describes the fundamentals of the superplastic behaviour phenomenon of aluminium alloys and the basic process parameters which govern the manufacturing of superplastic sheet metal parts. General background in production engineering and material science is assumed.
This document provides an overview of application characteristics for rivet and clinch joints. It discusses design considerations such as choosing rivet diameters and distances from edges. It also covers material and tooling parameters that influence joint quality like surface finish. Testing methods are described for shear-tensile, fatigue, and impact tests. Sample geometries and results are shown. Finally, it briefly discusses cost considerations for different joining technologies.
TALAT Lecture 2301: Design of Members Example 5.5: Axial force resistance of ...CORE-Materials
This 3-page document provides an example calculation for determining the axial force resistance of a laced column. It includes dimensions, material properties, and calculations of various parameters needed for the analysis. Key steps and results are shown, such as determining the effective length, flexural buckling resistance, and checking that the lacing can resist the required shear force. In the end, it is determined that the lacing can adequately resist the applied axial load of 270 kN.
TALAT Lecture 3505: Tools for Impact ExtrusionCORE-Materials
This lecture provides knowledge about design philosophy and tool materials for impact tools, which are a cost factor and eminently important for successful impact extrusion. Basic knowledge about the formability of metals and background in mechanical engineering is assumed.
IRJET- Design, Development and Testing of CFRC Tie RodIRJET Journal
1) The document describes the design, development, and testing of a carbon fiber reinforced composite (CFRC) tie rod to replace existing steel tie rods.
2) Buckling analysis using ANSYS found the critical buckling load of the CFRC tie rod to be 36639N compared to 39610N for steel, indicating superior performance.
3) Experimental buckling testing of fabricated CFRC tie rods found results that validate the numerical analysis, confirming CFRC as a suitable replacement for steel in tie rods.
IRJET- Characterization of Aluminum 7085/WC/Fly Ash Hybrid Composites for...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on aluminum 7085/tungsten carbide/fly ash hybrid composites for vibration applications. The composites were fabricated using stir casting and then characterized through various tests. Tensile, compression, and hardness tests showed improvements in properties with the addition of reinforcements. Tensile strength increased from 245 to 314 MPa while compressive strength increased from 1274 to 1522 MPa. Hardness also increased. Vibration testing found the composites effectively dampened vibrations compared to aluminum 7085 alone. The study demonstrated the fabrication of aluminum matrix composites with uniform dispersions of reinforcements via stir casting.
This document discusses mechanical joints and welding. It provides information on different types of mechanical joints like screws and rivets. It then discusses various welding processes like oxy-fuel gas welding, shield metal arc welding, and gas tungsten arc welding. Different welding joints are also illustrated like butt joints, lap joints, and tee joints. The document concludes with discussing welding terminology, classification of welding joints based on stress, and design considerations for welding joints.
This document discusses different fixtures and fastenings used for doors and windows, including hinges, bolts, handles, and locks. It describes several types of hinges like butt hinges, back flap hinges, and parliamentary hinges. Common bolts mentioned are tower bolts and barrel bolts. The document outlines handle types like H-handles, round handles, and decorative handles. Lock types covered are mortise locks, pad locks, and rim locks. In summary, the document provides details on hardware components used to mount and secure doors and windows.
This document provides details about various topics covered in a welding course, including:
1. It outlines the topics, hours, and status of the course which covers welding science, processes, energy sources, fluxes, welding arc physics, heat flow, joint design, testing, and metallurgy.
2. It describes the key characteristics of different arc welding processes including shielded metal arc welding, gas metal arc welding, flux-cored arc welding, submerged arc welding, and gas tungsten arc welding.
3. It discusses the physics of arc welding including arc plasma formation, arc temperature, arc polarity, effects of magnetic fields, and arc types from different power sources.
Heat treatments by Er.DEEPAK JNAGAL from RAYAT BAHRA HOSHIARPURdeepak jnagal
This document discusses various heat treatment techniques used to modify the microstructure and properties of metals. It describes processes like annealing, normalizing, tempering, quenching, and case hardening that involve controlled heating and cooling of alloys. The properties affected by these treatments include tensile strength, hardness, ductility, corrosion resistance, and machinability. Heat treatments can increase a metal's strength while reducing brittleness through processes like tempering after hardening.
This document presents the results of an experiment comparing the time-temperature profiles and weld properties of gas metal arc welding (GMAW), flux-cored arc welding (FCAW), and metal-cored arc welding (MCAW) processes. Time-temperature data was collected during welding and showed that FCAW reached the highest temperatures despite having the lowest heat input. Macrostructural images showed differences in weld reinforcement and porosity between the processes. Dimensional analysis found FCAW had the narrowest weld bead. Microstructural images revealed finer grains in FCAW and MCAW due to lower heat input. Microhardness testing showed welds from FCAW had the highest hardness.
Mr. Mubassir I. Ghoniya has satisfactorily completed his term work in mechanical engineering at the university. The document then discusses the definition of weldability as the ease with which two metals can be joined together through welding. It outlines several factors that affect the weldability of metals, such as melting point, thermal conductivity, and surface condition. Metals with better weldability like iron and steel are easier to weld and provide mechanically sound joints.
TALAT Lecture 2301: Design of Members Example 4.4: Bending moment resistance ...CORE-Materials
This 3 sentence summary provides the key details about the document:
1) The document is a 10 page example from a lecture on designing members for bending moment that analyzes the bending moment resistance of a welded hollow section with outstands using a class 4 cross section.
2) It presents the geometry, material properties, nodes, and elements of the hollow cross section and performs iterative calculations of the effective cross section area, stress distribution, and effective thicknesses accounting for any heat affected zones to determine the bending moment resistance.
3) The example is considered comprehensive because it shows calculations in detail, covers all classes of cross sections, and demonstrates how to increase effective thickness for non-fully stressed elements through
This lecture provides a background on aluminium alloys suitable for impact extrusion. It draws attention to raw material parameters which may affect the properties of impact extruded parts. Basic knowledge about the formability of metals and background in mechanical engineering is assumed.
TALAT Lecture 5104: Basic Approaches to Prevent Corrosion of AluminiumCORE-Materials
This lecture describes important measures for the prevention of corrosion of unprotected, bare
aluminium. Basic knowledge of corrosion behaviour of aluminium and some knowledge of the electrochemical nature of corrosion is assumed
This lecture describes the factors important for the quality assurance of adhesive joining; it gives information about the destructive and non-destructive testing methods for the quality control of adhesive joining. General background in production engineering and material science, some knowledge of mechanics and polymer science is assumed.
This lecture describes fabrication processes for superplastic forming, i.e. female and male die forming, and the criteria for selecting the correct process. General background in production engineering and material science is assumed.
This lecture helps to understand how the properties of forgings evolve during the manufacturing process. General understanding of metallurgy and deformation processes is assumed.
TALAT Lecture 4205: Testing Methods for Welded JointsCORE-Materials
This lecture gives information about the relevant non-destructive and destructive testing methods for aluminium welded joints. Background in production welding and quality assurance is assumed.
TALAT Lecture 3503: Finishing and other Supplementary OperationsCORE-Materials
This lecture describes supplementary fabrication measures for impact extruded parts and gives some examples of finished impacts. Basic knowledge about the formability of metals and background in mechanical engineering is assumed.
TALAT Lecture 3801: Manufacturing Examples and FundamentalsCORE-Materials
This lecture describes the fundamentals of the superplastic behaviour phenomenon of aluminium alloys and the basic process parameters which govern the manufacturing of superplastic sheet metal parts. General background in production engineering and material science is assumed.
This document provides an overview of application characteristics for rivet and clinch joints. It discusses design considerations such as choosing rivet diameters and distances from edges. It also covers material and tooling parameters that influence joint quality like surface finish. Testing methods are described for shear-tensile, fatigue, and impact tests. Sample geometries and results are shown. Finally, it briefly discusses cost considerations for different joining technologies.
TALAT Lecture 2301: Design of Members Example 5.5: Axial force resistance of ...CORE-Materials
This 3-page document provides an example calculation for determining the axial force resistance of a laced column. It includes dimensions, material properties, and calculations of various parameters needed for the analysis. Key steps and results are shown, such as determining the effective length, flexural buckling resistance, and checking that the lacing can resist the required shear force. In the end, it is determined that the lacing can adequately resist the applied axial load of 270 kN.
TALAT Lecture 3505: Tools for Impact ExtrusionCORE-Materials
This lecture provides knowledge about design philosophy and tool materials for impact tools, which are a cost factor and eminently important for successful impact extrusion. Basic knowledge about the formability of metals and background in mechanical engineering is assumed.
IRJET- Design, Development and Testing of CFRC Tie RodIRJET Journal
1) The document describes the design, development, and testing of a carbon fiber reinforced composite (CFRC) tie rod to replace existing steel tie rods.
2) Buckling analysis using ANSYS found the critical buckling load of the CFRC tie rod to be 36639N compared to 39610N for steel, indicating superior performance.
3) Experimental buckling testing of fabricated CFRC tie rods found results that validate the numerical analysis, confirming CFRC as a suitable replacement for steel in tie rods.
IRJET- Characterization of Aluminum 7085/WC/Fly Ash Hybrid Composites for...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on aluminum 7085/tungsten carbide/fly ash hybrid composites for vibration applications. The composites were fabricated using stir casting and then characterized through various tests. Tensile, compression, and hardness tests showed improvements in properties with the addition of reinforcements. Tensile strength increased from 245 to 314 MPa while compressive strength increased from 1274 to 1522 MPa. Hardness also increased. Vibration testing found the composites effectively dampened vibrations compared to aluminum 7085 alone. The study demonstrated the fabrication of aluminum matrix composites with uniform dispersions of reinforcements via stir casting.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Conductive Composites such as carbon fiber reinforced composites are increasingly used in safety critical aerospace applications. The catastrophic macro structural failure of composite structures initiates from a micro level failure event such as fiber breaks. The ability to detect damage early on can improve the safety level and reliability of composite structures. A multilevel self-sensing damage detection techniques ability to detect damage at various length scales are numerically explored using COMSOL multiphysics software. The simulation methodology and results are reported highlighting the multilevel damage detection capability. The electrode configuration and detection sensitivity is also reported.
IRJET- Mechanical Characterization of Polymer Matrix Composites for Transport...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the fabrication and mechanical characterization of a polymer matrix composite tube for transportation safety applications. The tube was fabricated using a hand layup process with layers of Kevlar and glass fibers in an epoxy matrix. Compression testing of the tube showed that it withstood a maximum load of 58.4 kN and had a compressive strength of 82.13 MPa, indicating its potential use for energy absorption applications in automobiles. A literature review presented research on the mechanical properties of Kevlar and fiber-reinforced composites, highlighting their use in impact and ballistic resistance.
This document discusses failure analysis of bearing cups in drive shaft assemblies. It aims to find a cost-effective solution to eliminate bearing cup cracking during assembly of universal joints. Various heat treatment processes are considered and carbonitriding is identified as the optimal process. It reduces bearing cup failure and manufacturing costs compared to other options like case hardening. A systematic methodology is applied, including understanding the current problem, analysis using wear testing and FEA, and implementing and confirming the effects of carbonitriding as a corrective measure.
IRJET- Optimum Design of a Trailer Chassis to Overcome Failures of Welded Joi...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the finite element analysis of a trailer chassis to optimize its design and overcome failures in welded joints.
2) A CAD model of the chassis was created in SolidWorks and imported into ANSYS for finite element analysis to simulate loads and study stress distributions.
3) The analysis found high stresses at welded joints connecting cross members to the main frame, indicating these are failure points. Optimizing the chassis design could improve maintenance needs and reduce costs by extending the lifespan.
TALAT Lecture 4101: Definition and Classification of Mechanical Fastening Met...CORE-Materials
This document provides an overview of mechanical fastening methods for joining aluminum parts, including definitions and classifications. It discusses screw joints, folds, rivets, and clinching. Screw joints can be pierced, through, or blind holes. Folds are formed locking joints created through folding, interlocking, and pressing sheets together. Riveting includes indirect and direct methods. Blind rivets have a predetermined break point. The document aims to introduce the principal types of mechanical fastening methods for aluminum.
This document provides an abstract and introduction for a student project on evaluating the strength of E-glass and carbon fiber composite materials. The project aims to conduct tensile and flexure tests on glass lamination and carbon fiber specimens to observe their fracture behavior and determine which material produces the highest mechanical properties. It will also evaluate repairing the materials with homogeneous and non-homogeneous techniques and compare the results. The introduction discusses the significance of carbon fiber, glass laminates, and their composite for aircraft applications, noting their properties and how the combination could optimize performance while addressing cost and manufacturability factors for the aerospace industry.
Experimental Study of the Fatigue Strength of Glass fiber epoxy and Chapstan ...IJMER
1) The document describes an experimental study of the fatigue strength of two types of fiber-reinforced epoxy composite laminates: glass fiber epoxy and E-glass epoxy.
2) The study developed a fatigue testing rig to apply cyclic bending loads to composite beam specimens and measure the resulting stiffness degradation over cycles until failure.
3) The testing rig incorporated a load cell, data acquisition system, and software to automatically record measurements over millions of load cycles and analyze the failure behavior and fatigue life of the composite laminates.
IRJET- Analysis of Alsi10Mg-Quartz Composite Material for a Connecting RodIRJET Journal
This document discusses the analysis of an AlSi10Mg-Quartz composite material for use in connecting rods. Connecting rods are currently made of steel or aluminum alloys but this research aims to develop a composite material to reduce weight. The composite is made with AlSi10Mg as the matrix and quartz as reinforcement, produced using stir casting. Quartz is added in sizes of 10, 20 and 30 microns at compositions of 5, 10 and 15% by weight. The mechanical properties of the composite material are analyzed based on the quartz content. The increased quartz provides improved mechanical properties and microstructure over traditional connecting rod materials like steel and aluminum.
IRJET- Finite Element Analysis of Retrofitting of RC Beam with CFRP using AbaqusIRJET Journal
This document presents a finite element analysis of retrofitting RC beams with carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) using ABAQUS. Eight beams were tested experimentally with the same geometry but different CFRP plate lengths. The finite element models aim to simulate the experimental results. Concrete is modeled with a plastic damage model, steel with an elastic-plastic model, and CFRP either as isotropic or orthotropic elastic material. The analysis shows good agreement with experimental load-displacement curves and crack patterns. Increasing the CFRP plate length increases the beam's load capacity.
Static structural and dynamic analysis of cracks in composite materialsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on analyzing cracks in composite materials using static and dynamic finite element analysis. It discusses:
1) Modeling a cracked and uncracked composite beam in ANSYS and analyzing their stress distributions and natural frequencies under static and dynamic loading. The cracked beam showed higher stresses and lower natural frequencies.
2) Conducting a case study on modeling and analyzing a cracked bicycle crank made of carbon fiber reinforced polymer. The crank was meshed and its stress fields were analyzed to study the effect of cracks on its strength and failure behavior.
3) The study aims to better understand how cracks influence the static and dynamic characteristics of composite materials like beams and crank arms, which is important for
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
IRJET- FEM Analysis of Universal Joint of Bharath Benz DE210BS4IRJET Journal
1. The document presents a finite element analysis of the universal joint of a Bharath Benz DE210BS4 engine.
2. The analysis examines the total deformation and equivalent stress on the universal joint at different working angles from 5 to 40 degrees and with different materials including steel, carbon fiber, AISI 4140, and SAE 1130 when subjected to torques of 450Nm, 1000Nm, and 35000Nm.
3. The results found that the carbon fiber material experienced the least total deformation and equivalent stress compared to the other materials tested, indicating it could be better suited for further development of universal joints.
TALAT Lecture 4107: General Summary and Future TrendsCORE-Materials
This lecture points out the need of data sources for designing mechanical joints; it describes concepts for FEM-Modelling of mechanical joints. General mechanical engineering background and familiarity with the subject matter covered in TALAT This lectures 4101- 4106 is assumed.
This document summarizes a study on the modal analysis of adhesively bonded joints of different materials. Specifically, it investigates the natural frequencies and mode shapes of single-lap epoxy adhesive joints between aluminum, copper, and steel plates using finite element analysis software. The results show that the natural frequencies are directly proportional to the ratio of the materials' Young's modulus and density. Aluminum and steel joints have similar natural frequencies due to having the same modulus-density ratio, while copper joint frequencies differ since it has a unique ratio. Understanding the dynamic characteristics of bonded joints through modal analysis can aid in vibration-resistant design and control of engineered systems.
IRJET- Material Optimization of Wheel Hub using Finite Element AnalysisIRJET Journal
The document discusses material optimization of a wheel hub using finite element analysis. The researchers analyzed different materials, including various aluminum alloys, to reduce the weight of the wheel hub while maintaining its load carrying capacity and strength. Finite element analysis was conducted on a wheel hub model designed in CATIA and analyzed in ANSYS. This analysis determined stresses, deformation, and fatigue life. Testing was also conducted on material specimens to validate the finite element analysis results. The study aims to select the best performing material, with 7075 aluminum alloy found to provide high strength comparable to steel while reducing weight.
IRJET- Behaviour of Triangular Hollow Flange Cold-Formed Steel BeamIRJET Journal
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TALAT Lecture 4105: Combination of Joining Methods
1. TALAT Lecture 4105
Combination of Joining Methods
16 pages, 19 figures
Basic Level
prepared by Lothar Budde, Universität-Gesamthochschule Paderborn
Objectives:
− to describe the combination of mechanical joining with adhesive bonding with
respect to application criteria, productions considerations and resultant properties
Prerequisites:
− General mechanical engineering background
− TALAT lectures 4101 - 4104
Date of Issue: 1994
EAA - European Aluminium Association
2. 4105 Combination of Joining Methods
Table of Contents
4105 Combination of Joining Methods ..............................................................2
4105.01 Application Criteria.................................................................................. 3
Comparison of Functional Characteristics of Different Fastening Technologies ....3
Classification Index of Joints...................................................................................4
Advantages of Combined Joint Types .....................................................................4
Properties of Elementary Joints ...............................................................................5
Main Advantages and Disadvantages of Adhesive Joining .....................................5
Fold-Adhesive Joints ...............................................................................................6
Examples of Combined Joints Used in the Aircraft Industry ..................................6
Combination of Material Locking and Form Locking Joints...................................7
Fractured Surfaces of Combined Joints after Shear Testing....................................8
4105.02 Production Considerations...................................................................... 8
Production of Combined Joints................................................................................8
Production Variants for Combined Joints................................................................9
Technical Operations in the Production of an Adhesive-Clinch Joint Combination
...............................................................................................................................10
Methods of Producing Adhesively Joint and Clinched Fastenings........................10
Form of Clinched Joints With and Without Adhesives .........................................11
4105.03 Properties of Combination Joints.......................................................... 12
Criteria for the Use of Combined Joining Technologies .......................................12
Results of Fatigue Tests with Adhesive Joints ......................................................13
Impact Strength of Different Joints........................................................................13
Shear Strength of Different Joints With and Without Ageing...............................14
Comparison of Properties of Different Joining Technologies ...............................15
4105.04 Literature/References ............................................................................ 15
4105.05 List of Figures............................................................................................ 16
TALAT 4105 2
3. 4105.01 Application Criteria
• Comparison of functional characteristics of different fastening
technologies
• Classification index of joints
• Advantages of combined joint types
• Properties of elementary joints
• Main advantages and disadvantages of adhesive joining
• Fold-adhesive joints
• Examples of combined joints used in the aircraft industry
• Combination of material locking and form locking joints
• Fractured surfaces of combined joints after shear testing
Comparison of Functional Characteristics of Different Fastening Technologies
The functional characteristics of the different fastening technologies is important, since
this enables us to choose the most appropriate joining technology for light constructions
which are being developed and used increasingly.
A large number of the so-called "classical" fastening technologies currently in use fulfil
these requirements only partly, making it necessary to use solutions which are a
compromise (Figure 4105.01.01).
Joining
Technology Adhesive
Spot Welding Clinching Riveting
Joining
Characteristics
Functional Load-Carrying Load-Carrying Load-Carrying Load-Carrying
Characteristics
Fixing Fixing Fixing Fixing
Sealing Elec. Conduct. Elec. Conduct. Elec. Conduct.
Isolating Relatively Low Relatively Low Relatively Low
Fatigue Strenght Fatigue Strenght Fatigue Strenght
Damping
Equalising
Good Fatigue
Strength
Source: Budde
Comparison of Functional Characteristics
alu
of Different Fastening Technologies
4105.01.01
Training in A luminium Application Technologies
TALAT 4105 3
4. Classification Index of Joints
The joining technology used in light constructions should be such that the classification
index of the joint, a value for the functional characteristics relative to the corresponding
base material of the corresponding material combination, optimally approaches the
limiting value of 1 (Figure 4105.01.02).At increased stresses, the principles of force
actions, the reduction of disadvantageous notch effects, the constancy of the material
properties and the joint reliability become increasingly important.
A consequence of the above mentioned is that there is an increasing tendency to use
aluminium for highly stressed constructions.
Functional Properties
of the Joint
Functional Properties
of the Base Material
1
Increasing Stress Levels
Source: Wittke, Füssel
alu
Classification Index of Joints 4105.01.02
Training in Aluminium Application Technologies
Advantages of Combined Joint Types
A combination of joint types can be used, among others, to take advantage of the
specific material properties of aluminium, thus making it possible to optimise the joint
quality, allow certain materials and material combinations to be joint and/or to simplify
the fastening process. A combination of different joint types can be used either to
improve the statical and dynamical properties of the joint or to guarantee leakproof
joints (Figure 4105.01.03).
Combined Joints
Improving the Static and Dynamic Properties of Joints!
Guaranteeing the Joint Gas and Fluid Tightness!
alu
Advantages of Combined Joint Types 4105.01.03
Training in Aluminium Application Technologies
TALAT 4105 4
5. Properties of Elementary Joints
Depending on the load carrying capacity and the design of the light construction, the
types of joints used may be of the material locking kind or of the force or shape locking
type (Figure 4105.01.04). The choice of the elementary joints to be used in combination
is based on the principle of elimination. According to this principle, those particular
combinations of joints which do not fulfil any one out of a required list of criteria, are
eliminated.
Elementary Joints
Form Locking Force Locking Material Locking
Strength
Temperature
Stability
Sealing Props.
Safety against
Loosening
Detachability
Corrosion
Resistance
Electrical /Tthermal
Conductivity
Function Fulfilled
Function not Fulfilled
Source: Wittke, Füssel
alu
Properties of Elementary Joints 4105.01.04
Training in Aluminium Application Technologies
Main Advantages and Disadvantages of Adhesive Joining
Adhesive joining plays an important role in the design of ultralight constructions. The
main advantages of adhesive joints are the transmission of forces over large areas and
the possibility of joining different and non-metallic materials as well as material
combinations. The disadvantage of adhesive joining is the fact that, as a rule, the
components have to be held rigidly in a fixture during the hardening process. In addition
to this, adhesive joints have a limited high-temperature strength (Figure 4105.01.05).
One-Sided Overlapped Adhesive Joints
Advantages: Disadvantages:
- Force Transmission over - Sensitive to Peeling Forces
Large Areas
- No Thermal Influence of - Aging Problems
Material Microstructure
- Suitable for Different Types - Limited Warm Strength
of Materials and for Non-Metals
Source: Budde
Main Advantages and Disadvantages
alu
4105.01.05
Training in Aluminium Application Technologies of Adhesive Joining
The specific disadvantages of adhesive joining can be compensated for by using a
TALAT 4105 5
6. combination of this material locking joint type with force and shape locking types of
joints. Examples of such combined joints can be found in the automotive (mass
production) and aircraft (small series production) industries.
Fold-Adhesive Joints
In the automotive industry, the combination of adhesive joining and folding can be used
for fastening car-body parts. If applied properly, the folded and adhesively joint parts
possess the combined advantages of both fastening technologies (Figure 4105.01.06).
The main advantage of folded joints is that these can be loaded immediately, i.e., a
rational production is possible. The surfaces of the folded joints produced remain
smooth and clean. The additional use of adhesives in the fold leads to leakproof joints.
At the same time, the adhesive used improves the damping characteristics of the whole
aluminium construction.
Folding and Adhesive Joining in Body Building
Adhesive Joint
Function: Sealing
Interior Part
Exterior Part
Folding Joint
Aluminium Sheet
Function: Strength
Soucre: Hoesch Company Document
alu
Fold-Adhesive Joints 4105.01.06
Training in Aluminium Application Technologies
Examples of Combined Joints Used in the Aircraft Industry
Some adhesive and sealed joints are prone to a deleterious ageing, especially if exposed
to industrial atmosphere, water, solvents or aggressive chemicals.
Examples of combined adhesive and sealed joints used in aircraft construction illustrate
how this deleterious effect can be reduced by the judicious choice of adhesive and
sealant, the long-time testing of the joints, a specific design as well as the application of
protective layers on the surface of the adhesive and sealed joints (Figure 4105.01.07).
TALAT 4105 6
7. Adhesively Fastened Longitudinal Stiffener
Adhesive
Sealant Coating
Reinforced Rivet-Adhesive Joint
Surface Sealant
Adhesive
Sealant Coating
Sealed Riveted Joints
Sealant
Adhesive
Sour ce: Endlich
alu
Training in Aluminium Application Technologies
Combination Joints Used in the Aircraft Industry 4105.01.07
Combination of Material Locking and Form Locking Joints
Joints, consisting of a combination of both adhesive joining and locally active fastening
methods, mostly use spot welding or mechanical joining methods like riveting and
clinching. In the automotive industry, spot welding is used mainly to shorten production
times in spite of the long hardening times of the adhesives. The combination of adhesive
and riveted joints is used primarily in the aircraft industry for parts subject to dynamic
loading (Figure 4105.01.08).
Clinching with or without local incisions is an interesting technology which could be
used for combined joints and shall, therefore, be illustrated for combinations with
adhesive joining. The following remarks generally apply also to other mechanical
fastenings.
Adhesive Joining
(Material Locking)
+ Spot Welding + Conventional Riveting + Clinching
(Material Locking) (Quasi Form Locking) (Quasi Form Locking)
Source: Budde
Combination of Material Locking and
alu
4105.01.08
Training in Aluminium Application Technologies Form Locking Joints
TALAT 4105 7
8. Fractured Surfaces of Combined Joints after Shear Testing
During the clinching process, aluminium shaped sheet components and profiles are joint
together according to the quasi form locking principle simply through the action of local
plastic material deformation without using auxiliary parts or thermally influencing the
microstructure.
Material spray, which occurs as a joint defect due to the high material pressure in the
spot welded region, thereby reducing the joint strength, is absent in joint combinations
of clinching and adhesive joining (Figure 4105.01.09).
35 mm
Spot Welding and
Adhesive Joining
Clinching and
Adhesive Joining
Source: Budde
alu
Fractured Surface of Combined Joints after Shear Testing 4105.01.09
Training in Aluminium Application Technologies
4105.02 Production Considerations
• Production of combined joints
• Production variants for combined joints
• Technical operations in the production of an adhesive-clinch joint
combination
• Methods of producing adhesively joint and clinched fastenings
• Form of clinched joints with and without adhesives
Production of Combined Joints
Joint combinations consisting of more than one elementary joint can be fabricated by
producing the individual joints either simultaneously or one after the other (see Figure
4105.02.01). This chronological order can influence the properties of the joint.
TALAT 4105 8
9. Fabricating
Combined Joints
No. of
Processes One Process Multiple Processes
Chronological
Order of Process Simultaneously Consecutively
Moment of
Reaching the Prior Prior Prior
During During During
Required to to to
Use Use Use
Properties Use Use Use
Source: Füssel
alu
Production of Combined Joints 4105.02.01
Training in Aluminium Application Technologies
Production Variants for Combined Joints
In principle, three variants are possible for the consecutive production of adhesive
joining and mechanical joining (see Figure 4105.02.02).
(4.) (4.) (3.)
(3.)
=RT..200°C =RT..200° =RT..200° (4.)
(2.)
(2.) (1.) (2.)
(1.) (1.)
(3.)
"Capillary Method"
Variant 1 Variant 2 Variant 3
1. apply adhesive 1. place parts together 1. apply adhesive
2. place parts together 2. mechanical joining 2. place parts together
3. mechanical joining 3. apply adhesive 3. curing adhesive
4. curing adhesive 4. curing adhesive 4. mechanical joining
Source: Stepanski
alu
Production Variants for Combined Joints 4105.02.02
Training in Aluminium Application Technologies
In the so-called "capillary" method, a mechanical joint is first prepared and then an
adhesive of low viscosity is brought into the joint crevice. In this variation - which is
characterised by a clear separation of the parts to be joint - the adhesive serves generally
as a sealant and/or as an inhibitor for corrosion.
The adhesive joining of sheet and profile parts followed by a mechanical fastening
process, the latter being used to improve the peeling strength of the joint, has till now
played only a secondary role.
Another fastening process has been found to be industrially most suitable for making
combined joints, especially for mass production. In this process, the adhesive is first
TALAT 4105 9
10. applied to the parts and then, before the adhesive hardens, followed by a mechanical
joining process which goes through the unhardened adhesive. The hardening then
follows as usual, depending on the type of adhesive used.
Technical Operations in the Production of an Adhesive-Clinch Joint Combination
A closer look at the individual process steps involved in the production of the combined
adhesive-clinch joint shows that the combined adhesive-mechanical joining process can
be easily integrated in the mass production of thin sheet constructions (Figure
4105.02.03).
Surface Adhesive Finished Part
Raw Parts Handle
Element Application
Fix
Join
Setting
Source: Budde
Operations in the Production
alu
of an Adhesive-Clinch Joint Combination 4105.02.03
Training in Aluminium Application Technologies
Methods of Producing Adhesively Joint and Clinched Fastenings
The advantage of using clinching instead of spot welding in combination with adhesive
joining is that the former allows the use of not only fluid and pasty adhesives but also of
adhesive foils and bands (Figure 4105.02.04).
Solid adhesives have special advantages, both as far as process technology as well as
health aspects are concerned.
TALAT 4105 10
11. Clinching and Adhesive Joining
Adhesive Fluid Pasty Solid
Combined With
Without Local With Local
Clinching
Incision Incision
Source: Budde
Methods of Producing Adhesively Joint and
alu
4105.02.04
Training in Aluminium Application Technologies Clinched Fastenings
Form of Clinched Joints With and Without Adhesives
Clinching without local incision can be used as the mechanical fastening partner for
adhesive joining using pasty adhesives. On the other hand, clinching with local incision
is used together with adhesive foils and bands.
The geometry of the joint element of combined clinched fastenings illustrates that in
spite of the presence of adhesives, an optimal form of the clinch joint is created,
assuming of course that an appropriate process technology is applied (Figure
4105.02.05).
Clinching with Without Adhesive With Adhesive Film
Local Incision
Clinching without
Local Incision Without Adhesive With Pasty Adhesive
Source: Budde
alu
Form of Clinched Joints with and without Adhesives 4105.02.05
Training in Aluminium Application Technologies
TALAT 4105 11
12. 4105.03 Properties of Combination Joints
• Criteria for the use of combined joining technologies
• Results of fatigue tests with adhesive joints
• Impact strength of different joints
• Shear strength of different joints with and without ageing
• Comparison of properties of different joining technologies
Criteria for the Use of Combined Joining Technologies
In principle, the choice of the combined technology, mechanical fastening and adhesive
joining, which may be used for joining in light constructions depends mainly on two
application criteria.
In mechanical fastenings combined with adhesive joining, the former is the main joining
process. The adhesive used serves primarily as a sealant, corrosion inhibitor and/or as a
damping material.
In adhesive joints combined with mechanical joining, the former is the main joining
process. The mechanical joining serves as a positioning (fixing) help and helps the
adhesive joint to withstand peeling forces and long-time static forces (Figure
4105.03.01).
Mechanical Joining Combined with Adhesive Joining
Clinching is the main joining process. The applied adhesive serves
primarily as sealant, corrosion protection and/ or damping material
and relieves the joint in regions where the force lines lie outside the
joining point.
Adhesive joining Combined with Mechanical Fastening
Adhesive joining is the main joining process. The mechanical joint
serves as a help in fixing and relieves the adhesive layer during
fabrication or peeling loads or long-time static loads.
Source: Budde
alu Criteria for the Use of Combined
Training in Aluminium Application Technologies Joining Technologies 4105.03.01
TALAT 4105 12
13. Results of Fatigue Tests with Adhesive Joints
The properties of the adhesive used are the main deciding criteria for the application.
Under quasi static, dynamic and impact loading, the load carrying capacity of, for
example, clinched adhesive joints compares well with that of spot welded joints (see
Figure 4105.03.02). Under the action of dynamic loads, the geometric notch effect of
the "point formed" joint element has a deleterious effect on the load carrying capacity of
the combined joint.
A Adhesive Joint B Spot Welded C Clinched-
Adhesive Joint Adhesive Joint
Pasty Epoxy
Resin Adhesive
N / mm2
f = 80 Hz / R =0,0
6,0
5,0
Force Amplitude
F 35
45
F
4,0
A
1,0
B 1,0
105
3,0
C
Al Mg 5 Mn
2,0
3 4 5 6 7 8
10 10 10 10 10 10
Source: Budde No. of Cycles
alu
Training in Aluminium Application Technologies
Results of Fatigue Tests with Adhesive Joints 4105.03.02
Impact Strength of Different Joints
Joints made with ductile adhesives having a high deformability and low strength behave
differently. Here again, depending on the loading, the joint strength is determined
mainly by the clinch joint (Figure 4105.03.03). By giving proper consideration to
factors like property profile and processing properties of the adhesive, it is basically
possible to design combined joints with properties which are a combination of the
individual properties of the joints.
TALAT 4105 13
14. A Spot Welding B Clinching C Adhesive Joining
with Adhesive Band
J
20 D
Vs= 5 m/s
15
F 35
45
F
Rupture Energy
1,0
10 1,0
105
Al Mg 5 Mn
5
A B C D
0
Source: Budde
alu
Impact Strength of Different Joints 4105.03.03
Training in Aluminium Application Technologies
Shear Strength of Different Joints With and Without Ageing
In connection with combined fastenings of mechanical and adhesive joints, the aspect of
ageing of the combined joint plays a central role.
It has been found that corrosion increases the strength of riveted and clinched joints of
aluminium sheets (see Figure 4105.03.04). This is due to the fact that the corrosion
products of aluminium occupy a larger volume than the uncorroded aluminium material.
This increases the strain on the joint causing the force locking component to increase.
Although the mechanical fastening process can cause aluminium sheets to be pulled
apart in the joint vicinity, the supporting action of the mechanical joint in the combined
mechanical-adhesive joint greatly reduces the decrease in joint strength caused by
ageing.
Single-Element Samples
kN without Corrosion
AlMg4.5Mn
with Corrosion v=10mm/min
s=1.0mm
10
Elementary Combined
Joint Joint
8
Rupture force
6
4
2
0
Adhesive Clinching Punch Clinching and Riveting and
Joining Riveting Adhesive Adhesive
Joining Joining
Source: Singh
Shear Strength of Different Joints
alu
4105.03.04
Training in Aluminium Application Technologies with and without Ageing
TALAT 4105 14
15. Comparison of Properties of Different Joining Technologies
Mechanical fastening methods, used alone or in combination with adhesive joining,
improve the standard of quality as far as rigidity, damping of noise and vibrations,
pressure tightness and corrosion protection are concerned, making this an interesting
proposal for highly stressed aluminium constructions (Figure 4105.03.05).
Joining
Technology Adhesive
Spot Welding Clinching Riveting
Joining
Characteristics
Joint Large Surface Local Local Local
Plane Surface Uneven Surface Deformed Damaged
Surface Surface
Properties Very Sensitive Conditionally Conditionally Sensitive to
to Environment Sensitive to Sensitive to Environment
Environment Environment
Depend on Depend on Depend on Depend on
Direction Direction Direction Direction
Source: Budde
alu
Comparison of Properties of Different
Joining Technologies 4105.03.05
Training in Aluminium App licatio n Tech nologies
4105.04 Literature/References
1. Budde, L. Untersuchungen zur Kombination quasi-formschlüssiger und
stoffschlüssiger Verbindungsverfahren. Dissertation Uni-GH-Paderborn, 1989
2. Wittke, K. und Füssel, U. Kombinierte Fügeverbindungen. Wissenschaftliche
Schriftenreihe der TU Chemnitz 13/1986
3. Patrick, E. and Sharp, M.L. Joining methods for aluminium car body structures.
Automotive Technology International (1993), 61-70
4. Füssel, U. Kombinierte Fügeverbindungen. Habilitation TU Chemnitz, 1989
5. Endlich, W. Klebdichten. Angewandte Technik 1 (1988) 4, 4-31
6. Stepanski, H. Punktschweißkleben von Karosserieblechen aus Stahl und
Aluminium. Dissertation TH Aachen, 1980
7. Budde, L. Alternative Lösungen für Fügeprobleme durch
Verbindungskombinationen. Der Konstrukteur 23 (1992) 1/2, 22-25
TALAT 4105 15
16. 4105.05 List of Figures
Figure No. Figure Title (Overhead)
4105.01.01 Comparison of Functional Characteristics of Different Fastening Technologies
4105.01.02 Classification Index of Joints
4105.01.03 Advantages of Combined Joint Types
4105.01.04 Properties of Elementary Joints
4105.01.05 Main Advantages and Disadvantages of Adhesive Joining
4105.01.06 Fold-Adhesive Joints
4105.01.07 Examples of Combined Joints Used in the Aircraft Industry
4105.01.08 Combination of Material Locking and Form Locking Joints
4105.01.09 Fractured Surface of Combined Joints After Shear Testing
4105.02.01 Production of Combined Joints
4105.02.02 Production Variants for Combined Joints
4105.02.03 Operations in the Production of an Adhesive-Clinch Joint Combination
4105.02.04 Methods of Producing Adhesively Joint and Clinched Fastenings
4105.02.05 Form of Clinched Joints with and without Adhesives
4105.03.01 Criteria for the Use of Combined Joining Technologies
4105.03.02 Results of Fatigue Tests with Adhesive Joints
4105.03.03 Impact Strength of Different Joints
4105.03.04 Shear Strength of Different Joints with and without Ageing
4105.03.05 Comparison of Properties of Different Joining Technologies
TALAT 4105 16