The chapter explains the behaviour of electrons within a specimen and shows how they interact with the atoms of the sample. From "Electron Microscopy and Analysis" textbook by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys and Richard Beanland. Courtesy of Taylor and Francis Books UK.
The chapter describes principles of the chemical analysis in the SEM and TEM. From "Electron Microscopy and Analysis" textbook by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys and Richard Beanland. Courtesy of Taylor and Francis Books UK.
The chapter gives insight into the scanning electron microscope technique. From "Electron Microscopy and Analysis" textbook by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys and Richard Beanland. Courtesy of Taylor and Francis Books UK.
The chapter gives the comparison of electron microscopy with other imaging and analysis techniques. From "Electron Microscopy and Analysis" textbook by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys and Richard Beanland. Courtesy of Taylor and Francis Books UK.
The chapter gives the basic principles of microscopy. From "Electron Microscopy and Analysis" textbook by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys and Richard Beanland. Courtesy of Taylor and Francis Books UK.
The chapter gives insight into the transmission electron microscope technique. From "Electron Microscopy and Analysis" textbook by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys and Richard Beanland. Courtesy of Taylor and Francis Books UK.
The chapter explains the diffraction of electrons and demonstrates what it can reveal. From "Electron Microscopy and Analysis" textbook by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys and Richard Beanland. Courtesy of Taylor and Francis Books UK.
1. Photons interact with matter through various processes depending on their energy level. Low energy photons mainly undergo coherent scattering, while intermediate energies result in the Compton effect. Higher energy photons above 1.02 MeV can undergo pair production.
2. During interactions, photons may be deflected without energy loss, deflected with some energy loss, disappear by ejecting electrons, or pass through unchanged. Common interaction types include the photoelectric effect, Compton scattering, and pair production.
3. The dominant interaction mechanism depends on photon energy and the atomic number of the absorber. Low energies favor photoelectric effect in high Z materials, while Compton scattering does not depend strongly on Z. Pair production rises with both energy
The document describes several test geometries used to determine the failure strengths of composite materials, including the Double Cantilever Beam test for mode I failure, the End Notch Flexure test for mode II failure, and the Mixed-mode Interlaminar Fracture test for mixed mode I/II failure. It also lists the Single Cantilever Beam test for skin debonding energy in composite sandwiches, the Centre Notch Flexure test for thin skin debonding, and the Interlaminar Shear Strength test, a three point bend test to determine shear strength.
The chapter describes principles of the chemical analysis in the SEM and TEM. From "Electron Microscopy and Analysis" textbook by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys and Richard Beanland. Courtesy of Taylor and Francis Books UK.
The chapter gives insight into the scanning electron microscope technique. From "Electron Microscopy and Analysis" textbook by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys and Richard Beanland. Courtesy of Taylor and Francis Books UK.
The chapter gives the comparison of electron microscopy with other imaging and analysis techniques. From "Electron Microscopy and Analysis" textbook by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys and Richard Beanland. Courtesy of Taylor and Francis Books UK.
The chapter gives the basic principles of microscopy. From "Electron Microscopy and Analysis" textbook by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys and Richard Beanland. Courtesy of Taylor and Francis Books UK.
The chapter gives insight into the transmission electron microscope technique. From "Electron Microscopy and Analysis" textbook by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys and Richard Beanland. Courtesy of Taylor and Francis Books UK.
The chapter explains the diffraction of electrons and demonstrates what it can reveal. From "Electron Microscopy and Analysis" textbook by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys and Richard Beanland. Courtesy of Taylor and Francis Books UK.
1. Photons interact with matter through various processes depending on their energy level. Low energy photons mainly undergo coherent scattering, while intermediate energies result in the Compton effect. Higher energy photons above 1.02 MeV can undergo pair production.
2. During interactions, photons may be deflected without energy loss, deflected with some energy loss, disappear by ejecting electrons, or pass through unchanged. Common interaction types include the photoelectric effect, Compton scattering, and pair production.
3. The dominant interaction mechanism depends on photon energy and the atomic number of the absorber. Low energies favor photoelectric effect in high Z materials, while Compton scattering does not depend strongly on Z. Pair production rises with both energy
The document describes several test geometries used to determine the failure strengths of composite materials, including the Double Cantilever Beam test for mode I failure, the End Notch Flexure test for mode II failure, and the Mixed-mode Interlaminar Fracture test for mixed mode I/II failure. It also lists the Single Cantilever Beam test for skin debonding energy in composite sandwiches, the Centre Notch Flexure test for thin skin debonding, and the Interlaminar Shear Strength test, a three point bend test to determine shear strength.
Series of powerpoint slides showing three different drawing processes used in the manufacture of wires, rod, tubes and drinks cans. The slides are adapted from the University of Liverpool "Materials Processing" lectures [MATS214] by Dr J. Wilcox.
The document describes several common composite manufacturing techniques including wet lay-up, vacuum bagging, compression moulding, filament winding, pultrusion, and resin transfer moulding. Each technique involves different processes for combining fibres and resin such as applying layers by hand, using pressure and heat, winding fibres onto a rotating mandrel, pulling fibres through a resin bath, or injecting resin into a mould containing dry fibres. The techniques are suited for different part geometries and production volumes.
The role of technology in sporting performanceCORE-Materials
The lecture answers the questions of how much effect does engineering technology have on sport, is technology only used to increase performance and what are the "new technologies" being introduced. Courtesy of Prof Claire Davies, School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham.
TALAT Lecture 5301: The Surface Treatment and Coil Coating of AluminiumCORE-Materials
This lecture describes the continuous coil coating processes for aluminium in sufficient detail in order to understand the industrial coating technology and its application potential. General background in materials engineering and familiarity with the subject matter covered in TALAT This lectures 5100 and 5200 is assumed.
This lecture describes the processes of electroless, electrolytic, as well as physical and chemical vapour deposition of metals on the aluminium surface in order to achieve variations in its surface properties for functional and decorative purposes. Some knowledge of the surface properties of metals, metallurgy and electrochemistry of aluminium and familiarity with the subject matter covered in TALAT This lectures 5101, 5102, 5105 is assumed.
This lecture describes the process of anodic oxidation of aluminium, which is one of the most unique and commonly used surface treatment techniques for aluminium; it illustrates the weathering behaviour of anodized surfaces. Some familiarity with the subject matter covered in TALAT This lectures 5101- 5104 is assumed.
This lecture describes the key factors associated with conversion coatings on aluminium can be appreciated, such as general and local behaviour of the aluminium surface, range of conversion coatings and interrelationships, requirements of conversion coating, tailor-making of coatings, current and future issues. Some familiarity with the subject matter covered in TALAT This lectures 5101, 5102, 5201 is assumed.
TALAT Lecture 5105: Surface Treatment of AluminiumCORE-Materials
This lecture helps to understand the general principles, methods, properties and applications of plating on aluminium. Some knowledge in general electrochemistry is assumed.
TALAT Lecture 5104: Basic Approaches to Prevent Corrosion of AluminiumCORE-Materials
This lecture describes important measures for the prevention of corrosion of unprotected, bare
aluminium. Basic knowledge of corrosion behaviour of aluminium and some knowledge of the electrochemical nature of corrosion is assumed
TALAT Lecture 5103: Corrosion Control of Aluminium - Forms of Corrosion and P...CORE-Materials
This document discusses various forms of corrosion that can affect aluminium and aluminium alloys. It describes general corrosion that can occur in acid and neutral solutions. It also covers localized corrosion such as pitting, crevice, filiform, and biological corrosion. Factors influencing galvanic and intergranular corrosion are presented. The document also discusses mechanically assisted degradation like erosion, fretting corrosion, and corrosion fatigue. It concludes with descriptions of stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen embrittlement.
TALAT Lecture 5102: Reactivity of the Aluminium Surface in Aqueous SolutionsCORE-Materials
This lecture provides better understanding of the electrochemistry of aluminium; it gives an introduction to the other lectures. Some knowledge in aluminium metallurgy, simple chemistry (thermodynamics and kinetics), electricity and general electrochemistry is assumed.
TALAT Lecture 5101: Surface Characteristics of Aluminium and Aluminium AlloysCORE-Materials
This lecture provides a realistic view of the aluminium surface in order to understand the need for "effective" surface treatment. Some knowledge in aluminium metallurgy is assumed.
This lecture describes the factors important for the quality assurance of adhesive joining; it gives information about the destructive and non-destructive testing methods for the quality control of adhesive joining. General background in production engineering and material science, some knowledge of mechanics and polymer science is assumed.
TALAT Lecture 4704: Surface Preparation and Application ProceduresCORE-Materials
This lecture describes the important aspects of surface preparation and pretreatments for adhesive joining of aluminium parts; it illustrates the methods and equipment necessary to obtain good adhesive bonds. General background in production engineering and material science, some knowledge of mechanics and polymer science is assumed.
TALAT Lecture 4703: Design and Calculation of Adhesive JointsCORE-Materials
This lecture describes the basic types of loadings of adhesive joints and to give examples of recommended joint designs; it shows how to calculate the strength of adhesive joints. General background in production engineering and material science, some knowledge of mechanics and polymer science is assumed.
TALAT Lecture 4702: Factors Influencing the Strength of Adhesive JointsCORE-Materials
This lecture describes the factors governing the strength of adhesive joints in order to appreciate these factors for the design of adhesively bonded joints, i.e. geometry of joint, stiffness and strength of the adjoining parts, stress distribution in the adhesive layer as well as the effects of humidity and ageing. General background in production engineering and material science, some knowledge of mechanics and polymer science is assumed.
TALAT Lecture 4701: Terms and Definitions for Adhesive BondingCORE-Materials
This lecture defines the terms and definition of adhesive bonding of metals; it describes the basic physical/chemical characteristics of adhesive bonding; it also describes the characteristics and the properties of adhesives used in metal bonding. General background in production engineering and material science, some knowledge of the physics and chemistry of metallic surfaces and polymer science is assumed.
TALAT Lecture 4601: Introduction to Brazing of Aluminium AlloysCORE-Materials
This lecture describes the characteristics of brazing aluminium and the process involved; it helps to understand the use potential and the limitations of brazing aluminium. Basic knowledge of aluminium alloys designation system, surface treatment and corrosion behaviour is assumed.
This document provides a 23-page overview of resistance spot welding of aluminium and its alloys. It discusses:
1) The suitability of aluminium alloys for spot welding and how the surface condition, chemical composition, and metallurgical condition affect it.
2) The different physical properties of aluminium compared to steel that influence the spot welding process, such as higher electrical and thermal conductivity in aluminium.
3) Key factors in spot welding aluminium like the oxide film that must be removed, various surface pretreatment methods, and machine parameters that differ from steel due to aluminium's properties.
Series of powerpoint slides showing three different drawing processes used in the manufacture of wires, rod, tubes and drinks cans. The slides are adapted from the University of Liverpool "Materials Processing" lectures [MATS214] by Dr J. Wilcox.
The document describes several common composite manufacturing techniques including wet lay-up, vacuum bagging, compression moulding, filament winding, pultrusion, and resin transfer moulding. Each technique involves different processes for combining fibres and resin such as applying layers by hand, using pressure and heat, winding fibres onto a rotating mandrel, pulling fibres through a resin bath, or injecting resin into a mould containing dry fibres. The techniques are suited for different part geometries and production volumes.
The role of technology in sporting performanceCORE-Materials
The lecture answers the questions of how much effect does engineering technology have on sport, is technology only used to increase performance and what are the "new technologies" being introduced. Courtesy of Prof Claire Davies, School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham.
TALAT Lecture 5301: The Surface Treatment and Coil Coating of AluminiumCORE-Materials
This lecture describes the continuous coil coating processes for aluminium in sufficient detail in order to understand the industrial coating technology and its application potential. General background in materials engineering and familiarity with the subject matter covered in TALAT This lectures 5100 and 5200 is assumed.
This lecture describes the processes of electroless, electrolytic, as well as physical and chemical vapour deposition of metals on the aluminium surface in order to achieve variations in its surface properties for functional and decorative purposes. Some knowledge of the surface properties of metals, metallurgy and electrochemistry of aluminium and familiarity with the subject matter covered in TALAT This lectures 5101, 5102, 5105 is assumed.
This lecture describes the process of anodic oxidation of aluminium, which is one of the most unique and commonly used surface treatment techniques for aluminium; it illustrates the weathering behaviour of anodized surfaces. Some familiarity with the subject matter covered in TALAT This lectures 5101- 5104 is assumed.
This lecture describes the key factors associated with conversion coatings on aluminium can be appreciated, such as general and local behaviour of the aluminium surface, range of conversion coatings and interrelationships, requirements of conversion coating, tailor-making of coatings, current and future issues. Some familiarity with the subject matter covered in TALAT This lectures 5101, 5102, 5201 is assumed.
TALAT Lecture 5105: Surface Treatment of AluminiumCORE-Materials
This lecture helps to understand the general principles, methods, properties and applications of plating on aluminium. Some knowledge in general electrochemistry is assumed.
TALAT Lecture 5104: Basic Approaches to Prevent Corrosion of AluminiumCORE-Materials
This lecture describes important measures for the prevention of corrosion of unprotected, bare
aluminium. Basic knowledge of corrosion behaviour of aluminium and some knowledge of the electrochemical nature of corrosion is assumed
TALAT Lecture 5103: Corrosion Control of Aluminium - Forms of Corrosion and P...CORE-Materials
This document discusses various forms of corrosion that can affect aluminium and aluminium alloys. It describes general corrosion that can occur in acid and neutral solutions. It also covers localized corrosion such as pitting, crevice, filiform, and biological corrosion. Factors influencing galvanic and intergranular corrosion are presented. The document also discusses mechanically assisted degradation like erosion, fretting corrosion, and corrosion fatigue. It concludes with descriptions of stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen embrittlement.
TALAT Lecture 5102: Reactivity of the Aluminium Surface in Aqueous SolutionsCORE-Materials
This lecture provides better understanding of the electrochemistry of aluminium; it gives an introduction to the other lectures. Some knowledge in aluminium metallurgy, simple chemistry (thermodynamics and kinetics), electricity and general electrochemistry is assumed.
TALAT Lecture 5101: Surface Characteristics of Aluminium and Aluminium AlloysCORE-Materials
This lecture provides a realistic view of the aluminium surface in order to understand the need for "effective" surface treatment. Some knowledge in aluminium metallurgy is assumed.
This lecture describes the factors important for the quality assurance of adhesive joining; it gives information about the destructive and non-destructive testing methods for the quality control of adhesive joining. General background in production engineering and material science, some knowledge of mechanics and polymer science is assumed.
TALAT Lecture 4704: Surface Preparation and Application ProceduresCORE-Materials
This lecture describes the important aspects of surface preparation and pretreatments for adhesive joining of aluminium parts; it illustrates the methods and equipment necessary to obtain good adhesive bonds. General background in production engineering and material science, some knowledge of mechanics and polymer science is assumed.
TALAT Lecture 4703: Design and Calculation of Adhesive JointsCORE-Materials
This lecture describes the basic types of loadings of adhesive joints and to give examples of recommended joint designs; it shows how to calculate the strength of adhesive joints. General background in production engineering and material science, some knowledge of mechanics and polymer science is assumed.
TALAT Lecture 4702: Factors Influencing the Strength of Adhesive JointsCORE-Materials
This lecture describes the factors governing the strength of adhesive joints in order to appreciate these factors for the design of adhesively bonded joints, i.e. geometry of joint, stiffness and strength of the adjoining parts, stress distribution in the adhesive layer as well as the effects of humidity and ageing. General background in production engineering and material science, some knowledge of mechanics and polymer science is assumed.
TALAT Lecture 4701: Terms and Definitions for Adhesive BondingCORE-Materials
This lecture defines the terms and definition of adhesive bonding of metals; it describes the basic physical/chemical characteristics of adhesive bonding; it also describes the characteristics and the properties of adhesives used in metal bonding. General background in production engineering and material science, some knowledge of the physics and chemistry of metallic surfaces and polymer science is assumed.
TALAT Lecture 4601: Introduction to Brazing of Aluminium AlloysCORE-Materials
This lecture describes the characteristics of brazing aluminium and the process involved; it helps to understand the use potential and the limitations of brazing aluminium. Basic knowledge of aluminium alloys designation system, surface treatment and corrosion behaviour is assumed.
This document provides a 23-page overview of resistance spot welding of aluminium and its alloys. It discusses:
1) The suitability of aluminium alloys for spot welding and how the surface condition, chemical composition, and metallurgical condition affect it.
2) The different physical properties of aluminium compared to steel that influence the spot welding process, such as higher electrical and thermal conductivity in aluminium.
3) Key factors in spot welding aluminium like the oxide film that must be removed, various surface pretreatment methods, and machine parameters that differ from steel due to aluminium's properties.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Electrons and their interaction with the specimen
1.
2. Contents
(Note: Page numbers are as in the whole book so that the index remains valid)
Acronyms …………………………………………………….……………………… iii
Preface ………………………………………………………………………………. iv
2 Electrons and their interaction with the specimen
2.1 Introduction ………………………………………..… 20
2.2 Electrons ………………………………...…………… 20
2.3 Generating a beam of electrons ……………………… 24
2.4 Deflection of electrons – magnetic lenses …………… 27
2.5 The scattering of electrons by atoms .…………..……. 29
2.6 Elastic scattering ...…………………………………… 30
2.7 Inelastic scattering ……………...………………….… 31
2.8 Secondary effects …………….………………………. 34
2.9 The family of electron microscopes ……………..…... 37
2.10 Questions …………………………………………….. 38
Further reading ……………………………………………………………..……. 236
Answers ……………………………………………………………………………. 238
Index …………………………………………………………………………..……. 243
3. __________________________________________________________
Electron Microscopy and Analysis,
Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.
Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).
4. __________________________________________________________
Electron Microscopy and Analysis,
Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.
Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).
5. __________________________________________________________
Electron Microscopy and Analysis,
Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.
Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).
6.
7. __________________________________________________________
Electron Microscopy and Analysis,
Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.
Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).
8. __________________________________________________________
Electron Microscopy and Analysis,
Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.
Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).
9. __________________________________________________________
Electron Microscopy and Analysis,
Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.
Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).
10. __________________________________________________________
Electron Microscopy and Analysis,
Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.
Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).
11. __________________________________________________________
Electron Microscopy and Analysis,
Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.
Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).
12. __________________________________________________________
Electron Microscopy and Analysis,
Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.
Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).
13. __________________________________________________________
Electron Microscopy and Analysis,
Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.
Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).
14. __________________________________________________________
Electron Microscopy and Analysis,
Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.
Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).
15. __________________________________________________________
Electron Microscopy and Analysis,
Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.
Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).
16. __________________________________________________________
Electron Microscopy and Analysis,
Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.
Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).
17. __________________________________________________________
Electron Microscopy and Analysis,
Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.
Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).
18. __________________________________________________________
Electron Microscopy and Analysis,
Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.
Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).
19. __________________________________________________________
Electron Microscopy and Analysis,
Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.
Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).
20. __________________________________________________________
Electron Microscopy and Analysis,
Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.
Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).
21. __________________________________________________________
Electron Microscopy and Analysis,
Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.
Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).
22. __________________________________________________________
Electron Microscopy and Analysis,
Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.
Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).
23. __________________________________________________________
Electron Microscopy and Analysis,
Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.
Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).
24. __________________________________________________________
Electron Microscopy and Analysis,
Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.
Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).
25. __________________________________________________________
Electron Microscopy and Analysis,
Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.
Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).
26. __________________________________________________________
Electron Microscopy and Analysis,
Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.
Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).
27. __________________________________________________________
Electron Microscopy and Analysis,
Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.
Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).
28.
29. __________________________________________________________
Electron Microscopy and Analysis,
Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.
Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).
30. __________________________________________________________
Electron Microscopy and Analysis,
Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.
Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).
31. __________________________________________________________
Electron Microscopy and Analysis,
Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.
Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).
32. __________________________________________________________
Electron Microscopy and Analysis,
Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.
Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).
33. __________________________________________________________
Electron Microscopy and Analysis,
Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.
Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).
34. __________________________________________________________
Electron Microscopy and Analysis,
Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.
Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).
35. __________________________________________________________
Electron Microscopy and Analysis,
Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.
Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).
36. __________________________________________________________
Electron Microscopy and Analysis,
Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.
Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).
37. __________________________________________________________
Electron Microscopy and Analysis,
Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.
Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).