1) The document summarizes several studies that tested the clinical effectiveness of the RPG method for treating various musculoskeletal conditions.
2) The studies included randomized controlled trials, case series, case reports and involved hundreds of patients in total.
3) The results showed that RPG treatment improved outcomes related to pain, function, quality of life and posture compared to other interventions or no treatment across different conditions.
Effects of Wii versus traditional supervised exercise on the functional fitne...spastudent
Effects of Wii versus traditional supervised exercise on the functional fitness of moderately frail Chinese population- A Pilot Study
Nanyang Polytechnic
Physiotherapy
Effects of Wii versus traditional supervised exercise on the functional fitne...spastudent
Effects of Wii versus traditional supervised exercise on the functional fitness of moderately frail Chinese population- A Pilot Study
Nanyang Polytechnic
Physiotherapy
To Compare The Effect Of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Program Ve...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Low back pain has been a matter of concern, affecting up to 90% of population at some point in
their lifetime, up to 50% have more than one episode. People of all age group can be affected by this menace
irrespective to their gender and quality of life. It has become one of the leading causes for the visit to physician
thus also puts a heavy burden on the currency of the country. Physiotherapy is the most widely used form of
treatment adopted for gaining relief from low back pain. The exercises include stretching, strengthening, range
of motion exercises, McKenzie therapy and core stability exercises other techniques like Proprioceptive
neuromuscular facilitation program etc. It has been concluded in various studies core stability exercises and
Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation are beneficial in low back pain patients but comparison of their effect
needs to be established to provide early and better relief from the disability. Therefore objective of the study was
to compare the effect of Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation program and Core stabilization exercises on
low back pain patients. 40 subjects aged 30 – 50 years with low back pain for more than 4 weeks were made
part of the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and were then divided into two groups named A, B.
Group A received Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and group B received Core stabilization exercises
and hot pack given initially for 10-15 minutes to the lower back. The exercise program was given for 4 weeks
with a total of 24 sessions and progression of the activity was made within the tolerance of the patient. Pre and
post treatment readings were taken of pain, Oswestry Disability Questionnaire and Functional Reach Test.
Results were analyzed using paired, unpaired t- test. Results showed that there is significant effect on pain,
Oswestry Disability Questionnaire and Functional Reach Test in the two groups but group A was clinically
more significant than groups B. The study concluded that patients with low back pain are benefitted more by
Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation program. So, Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation program
should be practiced more.
Keywords: Low Back Pain, Core Stabilization Exercises, Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation.
better Rehabilitation through vibro-acoustic-therapy.pdfmichel582642
Sound vibrations and sound wave therapy and their positive effects on the human body have been extensively researched and sufficiently proven.
These studies on the subject of rehabilitation are intended to illustrate how broadly the spectrum of possible patient groups that could benefit from sound wave therapy can be defined. In addition, this form of therapy could be a so-called game changer for prevention.
Enjoy reading!
Michel Menzel
Founder of THERAPIEGOLD
www.therapiegold.de
To Compare The Effect Of Core Stability Exercises And Muscle Energy Technique...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Low back pain is considered one of the commonest condition in the western and industrialized
countries. It is estimated that up to 50% of adults experience low back pain during their life span. People of all
age group can be effected by this menace irrespective to their gender and quality of life. It has become one of
the leading causes for the visit to physician thus also puts a heavy burden on the currency of the country.
Physiotherapy is the most widely used form of treatment adopted for gaining relief from low back pain. The
exercises include stretching, strengthening, range of motion exercises, McKenzie therapy and core stability
exercises other techniques like muscle energy technique etc. It has been concluded in various studies core
stability exercises and muscle energy technique are beneficial in low back pain patients but comparison of their
effect needs to be established to provide early and better relief from the disability. Therefore objective of the
study was to compare the effect of core stability exercises and muscle energy techniques on low back pain
patients. 60 subjects aged 18 – 45 years with low back pain were made part of the study based on inclusion and
exclusion criteria and were then divided into three groups named A, B and C. Group A received core stability
exercise and conventional physiotheraphy and group B received muscle energy techniques and conventional
physiotherapy. The exercise program was given on alternate days with a total of 24 sessions and progression of
the activity was made within the tolerance of the patient. Pre and post treatment readings were taken of pain,
ROM and quality of life scale. Results were analyzed using paired, unpaired t- test and ANOVA. Results showed
that there is significant effect on pain, ROM and quality of life scale in the three groups but group A was
clinically more significant than the other groups. The study concluded that patients with low back pain are
benefitted more by core stability exercises. So, core stability exercises should be practiced more.
Keywords: Low Back Pain, Core Stabilization Exercises, Muscle Energy Technique.
Abstract:
Procedures were performed for the total population in the period from March 2015 to November 2015 Cairo, Egypt. Pulsed Radiofrequency (PRF) using Ultrasound guidance (USG) has been used on medial branches supplying lumbar facet joints, investigating it’s effect in managing low back pain(LBP) caused by lumbar facet arthropathy . Conventional Radiofrequency (RF) using Fluoroscopy guidance (FG) on the medial branches is another option in treating facet arthropathy. This study is aimed to investigate the effects of PRF and RF on medial branches for facetogenic lumbar pain, demonstrating alternative ways to failed conservative methods and contradictory scientific evidence on minimally invasive procedures such as intra-articular steroid infiltration.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
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micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Table summary of studies testing clinical effectiveness of the rpg method
1. Summary compiled by Laylane Chagas – MSc HCPC MSC, RPG practitioner – rpg.uk123@googlemail.com - www.GPR-PostureCorrection.co.uk Page 1
Summary of studies testing clinical effectiveness of the RPG method
Author Study design Condition N (n) Experimental group (n) Control group Outcome measure Results
Adorno et al,
2013
Randomized
controlled trial
PEDro 2/10
Chronic Lower Back
Pain
30 (10) 12 RPG 60 min individual
sessions supine HAO-ADD and
HAC-ADD over 12 weeks
(10) 24 Iso-stretching individual 60
min sessions over 12 weeks
QoL – SF-36 Q.
P – VAS
Baseline, 3 months, 2 months follow-up
Both treatment approaches reduced pain
and improved QoL. Pain reduction was
greater when the Iso-stretching + RPG
approaches were combined. At 2-month
follow-up, RPG method was more efficient
for pain reduction and the Iso-stretching
group showed more QoL.
(10) 12 RPG individual session +
24 Iso-stretching individual
session over 12 week
Alonso-Blanco et
al, 2009 a
Prospective
cohort study
Ankylosing
Spondylitis
35 (35) 8 RPG 60 min group session
with group design over 8 weeks
--- F - BASFI; D - BASDAI
QoL - SF-36, F/M - BASMI
GROC (Global rating of change)
16 (46%) of patients experienced a
successful outcome
Alonso-Blanco et
al, 2009 b
Non-randomized
controlled trial
Ankylosing
Spondylitis
20 (10) 12 RPG 60 min group
sessions with group design over 12
weeks
(10) Segmental spinal
mobilization/ stretching
F - Spirometry (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC
ratio); F/M- rib mobility
Baseline, 3 months
RPG group led to greater increase in
FEV1/FVC. Both groups improved rib
mobility improved.
Andrade and
Carvalho, 2010
Case report
(Poster)
Ankylosing
Spondylitis
1 (1) 30 RPG individual weekly
sessions over 30 weeks
--- Postural Assessment; F/M- Schober’s test,
Tragus-to-wall distance.
Baseline, 15th
and 30th
sessions
RPG led to improvements of spinal mobility
in all parameters assessed. No statistical
analysis was provided.
Apuzzo et al,
2003
Case series
(Poster)
Lumbar Disc
Herniation
40 (40) 22 RPG sessions associated
with O2O3 infiltration over 6
months
--- P - Valleux points, numeric non-verbal
scale for pain;
QoL - SF-36 Q.
Lasegue test, MRI imaging
RPG led to a significant symptom
reduction (Valleux points and Lasegue
test). 47% of cases had a reduction of the
hernia volume.
Apuzzo et al,
2014
Observational
retrospective
cohort study
Lumbar Disc
Herniation
546 (54) 15 RPG individual sessions (109) 22 O2O3 infiltrations P - VAS At the end of treatment, pain severity was
lower in the O2O3 patients than in the
RPG-alone patients. After some years of
follow-up only the difference between
O2O3+RPG and RPG-alone remained
significant.
(383) 22 O2O3 infiltrations + 15
RPG sessions
Barroqueiro and
Morais, 2014
Case report Isthmic
Spondylolisthesis
L5-S1 grade II
1 (1) Weekly RPG 65 min (average)
individual sessions over 5 months:
supine HAO-ABD, standing HAO-
ADD, supine HAC-ABD
--- Digitized radiographs measuring slip
grade, spinopelvic sagittal alignment and
lumbar ROM (baseline and 6 months)
After the treatment period, lumbar lordosis,
sacral slope and anterior pelvic tilt
decreased 17.2°, 16.5°and 15.1°
respectively. There was no significant
change in lumbar ROM.
Basso et al, 2010 Case series Temporomandibular
Disorder
20 (10) 10 RPG individual sessions
(45 min, 2 postures with individual
design over 10 weeks
--- RDC/TMD classification
Digital photogrammetry with SAPo (v0.68)
software
RPG decreased the number of cases with
articular or disc dysfunction; led to
significant decrease of orofacial pain and
improvement in 19 of 25 body angle
measures.
Bonetti, et al
2010
Non-randomized
controlled trial
Chronic Lower Back
Pain
78 (42) 10 RPG 60 min individual
sessions with group design over 5
weeks
(36) 10 Core muscle stabilization
exercise (SE) sessions over 5
weeks
D - Oswestry Q, Roland-Morris Q
P - VAS
F/M - Finger-floor distance
Baseline, 3 and 6 months
RPG let to significantly greater
improvement on disability, flexibility and
intensity of pain as compared to a SE
program.
Borges et al,
2006
Non-randomized
controlled trial
Healthy male
athletes
14 (7) 20 RPG 40 min Standing HAC-
ADD posture sessions over 10
weeks
(7) Control Group
Basketball training routine alone
F/M - Photometry and standing reaching
test
RPG group led to significantly greater
flexibility of posterior chain muscles.
Borges et al,
2011
Case report Oral Respirator
Syndrome
1 (1) 20 RPG 20 min session over 2
months
--- Postural Assessment; MS – MIP, MEP
F - peak flow, spirometry
No statistical analysis. There was an
improvement of all measurements.
Castro and
Lopes, 2003
Case report Chronic back pain 1 (1) 21 RPG individual weekly
session over 21 weeks
--- Postural assessment using software
FisioLogic; Spinal curvatures X-Ray AP;
Baseline, 21st
week.
The computerized assessment by digital
photography showed improvements as did
the radiologic exams. No statistical
analysis performed.
Cabral et al,
2007
Non-randomized
controlled trial
Patellofemoral
Syndrome
26 (14) 16 RPG 30 min sessions with
group design over 8 weeks
(12) Segmentar hamstring and calf
stretching sessions each held by
30 s
P - VAS,
F/M - Finger-floor distance; Knee
extension ROM; Q-angle; EMG activity of
biceps femoris and gastrocnemius mm;
F - Lysholm scale
Both groups improved significantly knee
functional scores, hamstring flexibility, Q-
angle alignment, and flexibility. RPG group
led to significantly less pain and greater
flexibility gain.
2. Summary compiled by Laylane Chagas – MSc HCPC MSC, RPG practitioner – rpg.uk123@googlemail.com - www.GPR-PostureCorrection.co.uk Page 2
Canto et al, 2010 Case series Lower Back Pain 35 (35) 10 RPG 60 min sessions with
individual design over 10 weeks
--- P - VAS
D - Roland-Morris Q
RPG treatment improved significantly both
VAS and Roland–Morris scores.
Chao et al, 2011 Case series Healthy females 8 (8) 6 RPG 10-20 min sessions with
group design over 3 weeks
--- MS - 4 MIP and MEP
Assessment at 1 week, 1 day, Baseline, 1
week
RPG led to significant increase of
respiratory muscle strength. Results were
maintained on 1 week follow-up
measurements.
Coelho and
Nogueira, 2011
Case series
(Poster)
Asthma
12-14yo males
6 (6) RPG + Conventional
physiotherapy individual and group
sessions twice weekly
--- Not mentioned Improved posture and flexibility and quality
of life. No statistical analysis provided.
Cunha et al, 2008 Randomized
controlled trial
Chronic Neck Pain 31 (15) 12 RPG plus myofascial
release 60 min sessions with group
design over 6 weeks
(16) 12 Static stretching +
myofascial release 60 min
sessions.
P – VAS
QoL - SF36 Q
F/M - cervical ROM
Both groups significantly improved pain
level, QoL and cervical ROM. There was
no difference between groups.
Dacca and
Furlan, 2000
Case report Lumbar Disc
Herniation
L4-L4/L5-S1
1 (1) 76 RPG 60 min individual
weekly sessions over 20 months
--- Postural assessment
ROM and functional assessment
RPG treatment resolved pain; improved
flexibility and muscle strength, and postural
alignment. No statistical analysis provided.
Di Ciaccio et al,
2012
Case series Lumbar Disc
Herniation
L4-L4/L5-S1
24 (24) 12 to 19 RPG 60 min
individual sessions with group
design: Supine HAO-ADD,
standing HAC-ADD over 6 months
--- D - Quebec Pain Disability Scale
P - Numeric Pain Scale
Assessment at baseline, 15, 45, 120, and
180 days.
RPG led to significantly less disability (55%
improvement) and pain (66%
improvement).
Di Ciaccio et al,
2013
Case report Cervical Disk
Herniation
C3/C4
1 (1) 8 RPG 60min individual
sessions over 8 weeks: supine
HAO-ABD and HAO-ADD chosen
as per condition.
--- P - Numeric Pain Scale (NPS)
F/M – Cervical ROM
Cervical MRI
Baseline, 2 months.
At the end of 8 treatment weeks the patient
showed improvements of cervical ROM
and the NRS score improved from 9 to 2
points. The MRI on 12 months after onset
of symptoms showed complete regression
of the C3-C4 disc herniation.
Durmus et al,
2009
Non-randomized
controlled trial
Ankylosing
Spondylitis
51 (19) 12 RPG 60 min sessions with
group design over 12 weeks
(19) exercise regime P – VAS;
F – BASFI, spirometry, 6-MWD test
D – BASDAI
Both exercise groups led to significant
improvement in all outcomes compared to
control. RPG group showed greater
improvement in the pulmonary function.(13) control group
Fernandez-de-
las-Peñas et al,
2005
Randomized
controlled trial
PEDro 6/10
Ankylosing
Spondylitis
40 (20) 15 RPG 60 min group
sessions over 4 months
(20) 15 group sessions of 20
motion/flexibility exercises over 4
months
F/M – BASMI
D – BASDAI
F - BASFI
Pre-post intervention
RPG group led to statistically greater
improvement in all clinical measures of the
BASMI, BASDAU and BASFI. Control
group reached significant improvement
only at the tragus-to-wall distance and
lumbar side flexion.
Fernandez-de-
las-Peñas et al,
2006
Randomized
controlled trial
PEDro 5/10
Ankylosing
Spondylitis
40 (20) 15 RPG 60 min group
sessions over 4 months
(20) 15 group sessions of 20
motion/flexibility exercises over 4
months
F/M – BASMI
D – BASDAI
F - BASFI
1-year follow-up
Improvements in all mobility measures of
the BASMI and BASFI indexes were
partially maintained at the 1year follow-up
in the RPG group, but not in the control
group.
Fortin et al, 2012 Inter-rater
reliability study
Adolescent
Idiopathic Scoliosis
5 52 PTs assessed the standing posture from photographs using a
posture analysis grid with 23 posture indices (PI); and muscular chain
associated with posture alterations. The PTs were also divided into
three groups according to their experience in RPG method.
Kappa coefficients and the percentage of
agreement (%A) were used to assess
inter-rater reliability and intra-class
coefficients for determining agreement
between PTs and experts.
The RPG muscular chain evaluation has
good reliability for most posture indices.
RPG evaluation should help guide physical
therapists in targeting affected muscles for
treatment of abnormal posture patterns.
Fozatti et al,
2008
Case series Stress Urinary
Incontinence
25 (25) 24 RPG 50 min individual
sessions with individual design, 12
weekly sessions, then 12
fortnightly sessions
--- QoL - King’s Health Q
Diary of urinary leakage
Pelvic floor functional assessment
Baseline and 6 months follow-up
RPG treatment was effective in treating all
parameters assessed. Quality of life, Pelvic
floor function and numbers of pad used
improved significantly.
Fozatti et al,
2010
Prospective
controlled cohort
study
Stress Urinary
Incontinence
52 (25) RPG 50 min individual
sessions with individual design,
weekly sessions over 3 months
(17) Pelvic Floor Muscle Training 4
times weekly (1 under supervision,
3 at home) over 3 months
QoL - King’s Health Q
3-day voiding diary (daily pad use)
Functional Evaluation of the Pelvic Floor
(FEPF); Subjective perception of cure
Baseline and 6 months follow-up.
Both groups significantly improved QoL,
FEPF, leaking episodes and daily pad use
at baseline and on 6-months follow-up.
RPG led to significant greater decrease in
leaking episodes and had higher
adherence to treatment.
3. Summary compiled by Laylane Chagas – MSc HCPC MSC, RPG practitioner – rpg.uk123@googlemail.com - www.GPR-PostureCorrection.co.uk Page 3
Fozatti et al,
2011
Prospective
controlled cohort
study (Poster)
Stress Urinary
Incontinence
52 (25) RPG 50 min individual
sessions with individual design,
weekly sessions over 3 months
(17) Pelvic Floor Muscle Training 4
times weekly (1 under supervision,
3 at home) over 3 months
QoL - King’s Health Q
3-day voiding diary (daily pad use)
Functional Evaluation of the Pelvic Floor
(FEPF); Subjective perception of cure
2-years follow-up
RPG group still showed significant
differences to PFMT group on subjective
perception of cure, absence of leaking
episodes, use of pad and 3 domains of
QoL on 2-years follow-up. No significant
difference was found on FEPF.
Fregonesi et al,
2007
Case report Adolescent
Idiopathic Scoliosis
1 (1) RPG individual sessions over 1
year
Patient: 13yo female
--- Cobb angle T12-L4 panoramic X-Ray AP;
L2 vertebral rotation by Raimondi method
No statistical analysis. There was a
stabilization of the scoliosis curvature and
a 6° decrease of vertebral rotation.
Garcia et al, 2011 Randomized
controlled trial
Healthy adolescents 29 (12) 9 RPG 30 min group sessions
each posture kept for 4-10min plus
Physical Education class (PE)
Patients: 16-17yo
(9) 9 Warm-up + 30 min
Segmental stretching kept for 15s
+ PE classes
Subjective Q on perception of posture and
flexibility; Height; F/M - Finger-floor
distance; RPG anterior chain and posterior
chain flexibility test (against wall)
RPG group led to significantly improved
muscle flexibility and self-perception of
posture and flexibility, when compared with
the other 2 groups.(8) Control – 9 PE classes alone
Garrido-Marin et
al, 2013
Double-blinded
randomized
controlled trial
Healthy subjects 20 (10) 1 RPG 6min session with
Standing HAC-ADD posture
(10) 6 min Proprioceptive
Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)
of hamstrings in supine
Knee extension ROM at hip 90°flexion
F/M - Finger-floor distance
Baseline, 5min post intervention.
Both groups presented a significant
increase of hamstrings flexibility post
intervention. The RPG group showed a
greater significant change than the PNF
group
Gil et al, 2011 Randomized
controlled trial
Pre-natal (20-25
weeks) Lower Back
Pain
34 (17) 8 RPG 40 min individual
weekly sessions with HAC-ADD
and HAC-ABD postures
(17) Control – Followed routine
recommendations for self-
management
D- Roland-Morris Q
P - VAS
The RPG group presented a significant
decrease of pain intensity and functional
limitation, when compared with the control
group.
Gomes et al,
2006
Case report Hemiparetic Stroke 1 (1) 10 RPG 50 min individual
sessions over 8 weeks
--- Postural assessment using software
FisioLogic
RPG treatment led to an improvement of
spinal curvatures and shoulder girdle
alignment.
Guimaraes et al,
2013
Case series Healthy subjects 15 (15) 15 RPG 40 min individual
sessions with individual design,
weekly sessions over 8 weeks
--- F - peak flow, spirometry Significant increases between the values
of all analyzed variables of pulmonary
function were found after the treatment
period.
Heredia et al,
2008
Case series Epidural Fibrosis
post Lumbar
Laminectomy
18 (18) 15 RPG 50 min individual
weekly sessions
--- D - Roland-Morris Q; P - VAS
Baseline, 3 months and 6 months.
No statistical analysis. 56.2% of subjects
presented improvement of pain level.
Itozaku et al,
2011
Case series Thoracic
Hyperkyphosis
2 (2) 8 RPG 60 min individual weekly
sessions with individual design
over 8 weeks
--- QoL – SF-36 Q; Thoracic curvature by
digital photograph; MS – MIP and MEP
F/M - thoracic expansion
Baseline, 8 weeks.
There was an improvement in the degree
of kyphosis, respiratory muscle strength
and QoL. No statistical analysis provided.
Lawland et al,
2013
Randomized
controlled trial
(Poster)
Chronic Lower Back
Pain
61 12 RPG 60 min weekly sessions
over 12 weeks
Control group (waiting list under
clinical treatment, no physical
intervention)
P – VAS; D - Roland-Morris Q; Depression
– Beck Inventory; QoL – SF-36 Q
Baseline, 3 months, 6 months.
The RPG group showed significant
improvements in pain, QoL and disability.
Luz et al, 2008 Randomized
controlled trial
Lower Back Pain 32 (16) 6 RPG sessions over 2 weeks
with supine HAC-ADD and HAO-
ADD postures
(16) RPG session plus 10 days of
continuous use of back abdominal
support device
P - VAS Both groups presented significant
improvement of back pain. There was no
statistical difference between groups.
Maluf et al, 2010 Randomized
controlled trial
PEDro 6/10
Temporomandibular
Disorder
28 (14) 8 RPG 40 min sessions with
group design over 8 weeks
(14) 8 Static stretching (SS) held
by 30 s in 40 min sessions.
P - VAS, Pain threshold
EMG activity
RPG and SS equally reduced pain
intensity, increased pain threshold, and
decreased EMG activity of orofacial and
cervical muscles.
Marques et al,
1994
Case series Fibromyalgia
Female
20 (20) RPG individual sessions,
ranging from 3 to 11 sessions plus
home based exercises
--- Postural Assessment
P - Self-assessment Q reporting pain level
Pain improvement was very good for 65%
of patients, moderate for 25%, 10%
reported no change. No statistical analysis.
Marques et al,
1996
Case report Adolescent
Idiopathic Scoliosis
17yo female
1 (1) 16 RPG 60 min individual
sessions over 4 months
--- Postural Assessment
Cobb angle T12-L4 panoramic X-Ray AP;
Iliac crests alignment on X-Ray
P - Subjective pain report
Pain resolved by the end of the 6th
session.
Cobb angle decreased from 20° to 10° of
inclination. Iliac crest alignment
discrepancy improved from 1 cm to 0.3 cm.
Martins et al,
2005
Randomized
controlled trial
PEDro 2/10
Pre-natal (>12 weeks)
Lower Back Pain
69 (33) 8 RPG 60 min group sessions
with 2 postures over 8 weeks
(36) Control. Medical advice for
self-management for 8 weeks
P – VAS, Pelvic and Lumbar provocation
tests
RPG group had significantly less lumbar or
pelvic pain.
4. Summary compiled by Laylane Chagas – MSc HCPC MSC, RPG practitioner – rpg.uk123@googlemail.com - www.GPR-PostureCorrection.co.uk Page 4
Marthur and
Bhasin, 2013
Non-randomized
controlled trial
Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease
(COPD)
28 (14) Daily RPG 30 min individual
sessions over 3 weeks using
supine HAO-ABD posture
(14) Twice-daily home-based
Respiratory Muscle Stretch
Gymnastics over 3 weeks
QoL – Clinical COPD Questionnaire Both treatment groups equally showed
improved in QoL after 3 weeks
rehabilitation.
Monteiro et al,
2013
Case report Temporomandibular
Disorder
1 (1) 24 RPG 30 min individual
sessions over a 8 week period:
supine HAC-ABD posture
--- Surface EMG activity RPG treatment led to a significant
reduction in electrical activity in the
masseter muscle.
Moreira and
Soares, 2007
Case series Postural deviation
(Shoulder protrusion)
5 (5) RPG 50 min individual sessions
with individual design and different
duration for each patient
--- Shoulder AP and sagittal X-ray, measuring
shoulder protrusion and retraction
There was no statistical difference among
the measurements at baseline and at 4
months.
Moreno et al,
2007
Randomized
controlled trial
Healthy males 20 (10) 16 RPG 30 min individual
sessions with group design over 8
weeks
(10) control group MS – MIP and MEP
F/M - thoracic expansion, abdominal
mobility
Only the RPG group showed significant
improvement in all parameters measured.
Moreno et al,
2009
Randomized
controlled trial
Healthy males 20 (10) 16 RPG 20 min sessions with
group design over 8 weeks
(10) control group F - Slow/forced vital capacity, and
maximal voluntary ventilation
Only the RPG group showed significant
improvement in all parameters measured.
Mota et al 2008 Cross-sectional
study
Healthy females 9 (9) 1 RPG 9 min individual session:
seated HAC-ADD posture
--- Heart rate (HR), systolic arterial pressure
(SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP),
mean arterial pressure (MAP) and double
product (DP)
Pre-, during and post-intervention
recovery.
The SAP, DAP, MAP and DP values were
significantly greater between 3 and 9 min
of maintaining the posture in comparison
with pre- and post-posture recovery
values, returning to resting values within 5
min of recovery. The HR was not
statistically different from the pre-posture
resting value.
Navarro et al,
2005
Non-randomized
controlled trial
Ankylosing
Spondylitis
29 (17) 15 RPG 60 min group
sessions over 4 months
(12) 15 group sessions of 20
motion/flexibility exercises over 4
months
QoL - SF36 Q Both groups significantly improved QoL,
with no statistical differences between
groups.
Oliveri et al, 2012 Comparative
study
Healthy subjects 30 (10) 1 RPG 15 min session:
Standing HAC-ADD posture
(10) 1 RPG 15 min session:
Supine HAC-ADD postures
Paired-transcranial magnetic stimulation
(TMS) of motor cortex and recording of
motor evoked potentials (MEPs) of biceps
femoris, soleus and tibialis anterior
muscles
The RPG treatment effect was posture-
and task-specific: the standing posture
increased inhibition in cortical areas
controlling flexor muscles while increasing
the excitation of cortical areas controlling
extensor muscles. The supine posture
increased inhibition in cortical areas
controlling flexor muscles was not
paralleled by excitation of extensor ones.
(10) Control 3 min of ergometer
exercise
Pita et al, 2000 Case report Thoracic
Hyperkyphosis
15yo male
1 (1) 35 RPG 60 min weekly
individual sessions
--- Postural assessment
F/M - Finger-floor distance
Thoracic curvature X-Ray
No statistical analysis. Pain resolved after
5 sessions. Tsp curvature decreased from
55° to 39°. Flexibility improved from 22 cm
to 0 cm.
Rosario et al,
2008
Randomized
controlled trial
PEDro 4/10
Healthy females 30 (10) 8 RPG 15 min sessions with
group design over 4 weeks
(10) 8 segmental 30 s stretching
sessions
F/M - Finger-floor distance, Active knee
extension/hip in 90° flexion
MS: isometric muscle contraction
Both RPG and segmental stretching
groups significantly improved ROM,
flexibility, and leg muscle strength.(10) control group
Rossi et al, 2011 Randomized
controlled trial
Healthy females 30 (20) 1 RPG 40 min individual
session with group design: Supine
HAO-ADD posture
(10) Control group Sagittal measurements using Digital
photogrammetry with SAPo (v0.68)
software
A single RPG session led to significant
improvement of head and shoulder
alignment.
Santos et al,
2010
Randomized
controlled trial
(Poster)
Chronic Back Pain 150 (50) 16 RPG individual sessions
over 8 weeks
(50) 16 Individual Segmental
stretching sessions over 8 weeks
P – VAS, Pain medication consumption
D - Roland-Moris Q
QoL - SF-36 Q
Assessment at baseline, post-treatment
and 2-month follow-up
Both treatment groups showed significant
reduction in pain level, pain medication
consumption, improvement in QoL and
function, better than control group. The
RPG group showed the largest pain
intensity reduction.
(50) Control
Silva et al, 2012 Non-randomized
controlled trial
Ankylosing
Spondylitis
38 (22) 16 RPG 60 min weekly
individual sessions over 4 months
(16) 32 40 min Segmental
stretching + breathing exercises
group sessions
P – VAS, D – BASDAI; F - HAQ-S for
Functional Capacity; QoL - SF-36 Q;
Morning stiffness sensation; F/M - Chin-to-
chest distance, Tragus-to-wall distance,
Schober’s modified test, fingertip-floor
distance, chest expansion.
Both groups led to statistically significant
improvement for all parameters analyzed.
RPG led to significantly greater
improvement in morning stiffness, spinal
mobility and in the physical aspect
component of SF-36.
5. Summary compiled by Laylane Chagas – MSc HCPC MSC, RPG practitioner – rpg.uk123@googlemail.com - www.GPR-PostureCorrection.co.uk Page 5
Smania et al,
2003
Cross-over
study
Cervical Dystonia 4 (4) 30 Individual 60 min sessions
15 RPG + myofascial release / 15
EMG sessions
--- Head realignment test (laser pen fixed on
helmet)
P - VAS
D - Disability questionnaire
RPG led to therapeutic effects comparable
to those of EMG biofeedback. Reductions
of disability and of pain were still present
on 3-9 months follow-up.
Tavares et al,
2009
Case series
(Poster)
Stress Urinary
Incontinence
Females
>50 yo
13 (13) 12 RPG individual sessions
with supine HAO-ADD posture
--- Urodynamic study
MS – (Pelvic floor) Perina® and vaginal
cones
QoL - ICIQ-SF Q
Postural Assessment
RPG led to improvements on urinary
continence, pelvic floor muscle strength
and quality of life. No significant results
were found on the urodynamic study or
thoracic curvature.
Teodori et al,
2003
Randomized
controlled trial
Healthy females 20 (10) 1 RPG individual 20 min
session using supine HAO-ADD
posture
(10) control group MS – MIP and MEP
F/M - thoracic expansion
RPG led to significantly increase in both
thoracic expansibility and increased
strength of inspiratory muscles.
Teodori et al,
2005
Case report Healthy female 1 (1) 1 RPG individual 30 min
session using supine and standing
HAO-ADD posture
History of ankle sprain
--- Plantar pressure distribution -Tekscan-
Matscan
Measurements on baseline, 7 d, 14 d, and
30 d post treatment
A single RPG session significantly
improved weight bearing symmetry at both
baseline and 7 days measurement.
Toledo et al,
2011
Randomized
controlled trial
Non-structural
Thoracic Scoliosis
10yo male/females
20 (10) 24 RPG individual 60 min
sessions with group design over 12
weeks supine HAO-ADD / HAC-
ADD
(10) control group Thoracic Cobb angle on X-Ray
Postural Assessment
RPG group led to significantly decrease of
thoracic Cobb angle while the control
group showed an increase of spinal
curvature.
Zuil Escobar et
al, 2004
Comparative
study
Healthy males 60 (30) Football players (30) Controls RPG Postural assessment, including
muscle chain flexibility testing
Excessive contracture of the posterior
muscle chain was found in the lower
extremity (hamstring muscles) in the
football player group.
List of abbreviations: RPG, Rééducation Posturale Globale (Global Postural Re-education); min, minutes; HAO-ADD, hip angle opening-arms adducted; HAC-ADD, hip angle closure-arms adducted; QoL, quality of life; Q,
questionnaire; P, pain; VAS, Visual Analogue Scale; F, function; BASFI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index; D, disability; BASDAI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index; F/M, flexibility/mobility; BASMI,
Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index; FVC, Forced vital capacity; FEV1, Forced expiratory volume in 1 second; HAO-ABD, hip angle opening-arms abducted; HAC-ABD, hip angle closure-arms abducted; ROM, range
of motion; RDC/TMD, Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders; MS, muscle strength; MIP, maximum inspiratory pressure; MEP, maximum expiratory pressure; AP, anteroposterior; s, seconds; EMG,
electromyography; yo, year-old; 6-MWD, six minute walk distance; PTs, physiotherapists; HAQ-S, Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index modified for the spondyloarthropathies; ICIQ-SF, International Consultation
on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form; cm, centimetres; d, days.