This document discusses an initiative towards more sustainable water management practices in agriculture in Mediterranean countries. It notes that agriculture currently uses over 80% of available water resources in most Mediterranean nations, but suffers from water losses over 50% and on-farm water efficiencies below 40%, indicating high potential for water savings. The Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari has worked for over 15 years on integrated demand water management to increase water savings in irrigation. This work was translated into a Regional Action Programme covering 10 Southern Mediterranean countries, with the goal of increasing water supply through demand management rather than increasing supply. The programme included research networks that emphasized agriculture offers the highest potential for water savings by reducing losses without compromising productivity or welfare, and improving efficiency and

1. An initiative towards water saving and
sustainable demand irrigation
management in the Mediterranean
by
Atef Hamdy
Emeritus Professor, Water
Resources Management
Ciheam/IAMBari, Italy

2. Abstract
In most arid and semi arid countries of the Mediterranean, it is well
recognized that appropriate approaches towards sustainable solutions to the
increasingly water problems the majority of those countries are now facing
lies in reducing water losses, and increasing water use efficiency and crop
water productivity in the agriculture sector the one receiving more than 80%
of the available water resources, but, unfortunately with water losses
exceeding the 50% and with on farm water efficiency generally below the 40%
and thereby there is a high potentiality for water saving in this field.
Aware of this, for more than 15 years the Mediterranean agronomic
institute of Bari has focused its activities on integrated demand water
management in the agriculture sector to increase the water saving
potentiality in the irrigation sector.

3. The gathered information, the research findings and the know-how
obtained through networking activities, research programmes and bilateral
and multilateral cooperation projects during the course of these years was
translated in an ample Regional Action Programme on Water Resources
Management (RAP-WRM) having the final goal to increase the water supply to
compensate the notable shortfalls in the available water resources to meet
the increasing water demand, not through the oriented supply management
approach, but by adopting the oriented demand management one.

4. The programme covered 10 Southern Mediterranean countries (Algeria,
Cyprus, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Malta, Morocco, Syria, Tunisia and Turkey).
The programme included the following two phases:
the first, which lasted for two years where major work was developed
through the three collaborative networks: Water Use Efficiency (WUE-Net);
Collective Irrigation System (CIS-Net) and Non-Conventional Water
Resources Management (NWRM-Net).
The gathered know-how, the conclusions and recommendations of such
running activities all emphasized clearly that:
 within all the water sectors, agriculture is the one with the highest
potentiality for water saving as water losses are enormous in this field;
 great potential still exists for reducing water losses without sacrificing
economic productivity or personal welfare;
 there is a great potential for improving the water efficiency and increase
crop water productivity with which we produce food.

5. The programme covered 10 Southern Mediterranean countries (Algeria,
Cyprus, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Malta, Morocco, Syria, Tunisia and Turkey).
The programme included the following two phases:
the first, which lasted for two years where major work was developed
through the three collaborative networks: Water Use Efficiency (WUE-Net);
Collective Irrigation System (CIS-Net) and Non-Conventional Water
Resources Management (NWRM-Net).
The gathered know-how, the conclusions and recommendations of such
running activities all emphasized clearly that: In the region, to cope with
increased waters scarcity, significant changes have to be done in:
- How water is managed?
- What needs have to be changed?
- - what the improvement required?

6. - Those are the issues translated into actions to be experimentally
implemented on the ground in the second phase of the project, exactly
formulated in the research project WASIA (Water Saving in Irrigated
Agriculture) with the Min objective to develop a conceptual framework for
water saving in irrigated agriculture of the Mediterranean region through the
integration of networking activities.
- The research findings of the WASIA project including 9 experimental trials
realized in 5 Mediterranean countries: Tunisia, Egypt, Turkey, Morocco, Syria
– integrating possible water saving means and tools will be presented with
major emphasis on its impact on water use and management in agriculture in
the arid countries of the Mediterranean.