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SYSTEM THINKING one heatlth approach ppt
- 1. SYSTEMS THINKING Presenter: Gurmesa Tura,PhD Jimma University February 21, 2019
- 2. Session introduction • Thissession provides you with the skills necessary to take a systems thinking approach to emerging pandemic diseases. • Key outcomes of the sessions are the ability to: – Describe the elements of complex problems and systems thinking – Create and use systems mapping to deepen understanding of OH problems – Partner with OH team members to develop solutions to complex OH problems using systems thinking and tools 08/11/25 2
- 3. Brainstorming • How doyou understand the term systems thinking? • How systems thinking differs from other types of thinking? (logical thinking? rational thinking?...) • Why systems thinking is important in management of infectious diseases/one health? 08/11/25 3
- 4. What is SystemThinking? • A process of understanding how things which may be regarded as systems influence one another within a complete entity or larger system. • It is a holistic approach to analysis that focuses on the way that system’s constituent parts interrelate and how systems work over time and within the context of larger systems. • When we begin to learn about a system, its complexity may be a bit overwhelming. • A systems thinking approach allows us to begin to understand the complexity and use it to find answers that matter. 08/11/25 4
- 5. System Thinking… • Avery deep and persistent commitment to real learning. • Be prepared to be wrong: An individual’s own way of thinking can be limiting; willingness to challenge own mental model. • Triangulate: Need people who can look at something from different points of view to work collectively. • Applying Problem-Based Learning (PBL) – Problem plan to learn explore share find solutions 08/11/25 5
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- 8. Wicked Problems: Finding Solutionsto One Health Problems through Systems Thinking
- 9. What is WickedProblem? A complex problem for which there is no simple method of solution. Tend to be a social or cultural problems that are difficult or impossible to solve for as many as four reasons: — Incomplete or contradictory knowledge, — the number of people and opinions involved, — the large economic burden, and — the interconnected nature of these problems with other problems. • E.g. Emerging pandemic threats 08/11/25 9
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- 11. 11 Wicked problems need multiplekinds of thinking. http://world.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/divergence.jpg
- 12. 08/11/25 12 • Thereis no right way to approach a wicked problem… rather it takes multiple ways of thinking and multiple perspectives. • ‘We can’t solve a problem with the same level of thinking that created it.” (Albert Einstein)
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- 14. 08/11/25 14 Whohas the disease Who is impacted by the disease? Who are the responders? Who are other stakeholders? SYSTEMS THINKING
- 15. Where was thefirst case? Where has it spread? Who has the disease Who is impacted by the disease? Who are the responders? Who are other stakeholders? SYSTEMS THINKING
- 16. Who hasthe disease Who is impacted by the disease? Who are the responders? Who are other stakeholders? Where was the first case? Where has it spread? When was the first case? How quickly is it spreading? SYSTEMS THINKING
- 17. 08/11/25 17 Whohas the disease Who is impacted by the disease? Who are the responders? Who are other stakeholders? Where was the first case? Where has it spread? When was the first case? How quickly is it spreading? How is the disease transmitted? How serious is it? How can it be managed or controlled? SYSTEMS THINKING
- 18. Who hasthe disease Who is impacted by the disease? Who are the responders? Who are other stakeholders? Where was the first case? Where has it spread? When was the first case? How quickly is it spreading? How is the disease transmitted? How serious is it? How can it be managed or controlled? What are the implications for human health? Animal health? Ecological health? SYSTEMS THINKING
- 19. SYSTEMS THINKING Whohas the disease Who is impacted by the disease? Who are the responders? Who are other stakeholders? Where was the first case? Where has it spread? When was the first case? How quickly is it spreading? How is the disease transmitted? How serious is it? How can it be managed or controlled? What are the implications for human health? Animal health? Ecological health? Why did the outbreak occur?
- 20. Summary • Systems thinkingfrom a One Health perspective allows us to solve “wicked problems” through a simplified process. • It provides a means of analyzing the human animal environmental interactions and the different disciplines engaged and how they work together and as a system to solve complex health problems. • It systematically covers the policies, processes, practices and people, the roles each play and how they interact to function effectively to solve public health threats. • The OH systems thinking uses the problem defining approach to identify and solve the problem 08/11/25 23
Editor's Notes
- #10 Horst Rittel, one of the first to formalize a theory of wicked problems, cites ten characteristics of these complicated social issues Rittel, Horst. "Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning." Policy Sciences, 1973: 155-169.: Wicked problems have no definitive formulation. The problem of poverty in Texas is grossly similar but discretely different from poverty in Nairobi, so no practical characteristics describe "poverty." It's hard, maybe impossible, to measure or claim success with wicked problems because they bleed into one another, unlike the boundaries of traditional design problems that can be articulated or defined. Solutions to wicked problems can be only good or bad, not true or false. There is no idealized end state to arrive at, and so approaches to wicked problems should be tractable ways to improve a situation rather than solve it. There is no template to follow when tackling a wicked problem, although history may provide a guide. Teams that approach wicked problems must literally make things up as they go along. There is always more than one explanation for a wicked problem, with the appropriateness of the explanation depending greatly on the individual perspective of the designer. Every wicked problem is a symptom of another problem. The interconnected quality of socio-economic political systems illustrates how, for example, a change in education will cause new behavior in nutrition. No mitigation strategy for a wicked problem has a definitive scientific test because humans invented wicked problems and science exists to understand natural phenomena. Offering a "solution" to a wicked problem frequently is a "one shot" design effort because a significant intervention changes the design space enough to minimize the ability for trial and error. Every wicked problem is unique. Designers attempting to address a wicked problem must be fully responsible for their actions.
- #11 There is no right way to approach a wicked problem…rather it takes multiple ways of thinking, multiple perspectives. That is why One Health brings together a multi-disciplinary team to tackle some of the most complex health problems.
- #20 Have students form teams around the challenge that interests them. If a large group of students wants to work on the same challenge, divide the group into two smaller groups. Groups of five to eight participants are optimal. Students should use systems thinking to explore the challenge they selected. They should consider the following questions and also propose solutions to the challenge. Each team should create a poster capturing this information to present during the next class meeting.