System analysis 1

System Analysis
& Design
Assistant Lecturer
Mustafa Ghanem Saeed
Cihan University - Sulaimaniyah
Lecture ONE
Computer science Department
Introduction

2
Grading Policy
Design &
Development
Presentations Total
Term
Project &
Homework
Quizzes
%10
Midterm
Exam
30%
Final Exam 60%
Total 100%

Course Material
 Will contain:
o Handout notes
o Assignment specifications
o Forms for assignment handles
3

Class Rules
• Assignments must be delivered on time 
no exception whatever the reason.
• Assignments must be submitted in papers
will be accepted
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Class Rules
• When you come in , DO not knock on the door
• When you want to leave , do not tell me  Just
leave but you will counted as absent
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Before We Start ….
• Lets Play Games
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INTRODUCTION
• What Is Information Systems Analysis and
Design?
o Information systems analysis and design is a method used by
companies ranging from IBM to PepsiCo to Sony to create and
maintain information systems that perform basic business
functions such as keeping track of customer names and
addresses, processing orders, and paying employees.
• WHAT IS SYSTEM?
o A system is a set of interrelated components that function
together to achieve a common goal. The components of a system
are called subsystems. It can consist of tools, supplies,
machines, procedures, and people, and it usually requires some
type of orderly management.

INTRODUCTION
• WHAT IS INFORMATION SYSTEM?
• An information system is software that helps you
organize and analyze data. This makes it possible to
answer questions and solve problems relevant to the
mission of an organization.
• An information system consists of hardware, software,
data, processes, and people..
• Without accurate and up-to-date information, it is difficult
for management to make the right decisions.

INTRODUCTION
• WHAT ARE THE INFORMATION SYSTEM
COMPONENTS?
• An information system has five key components:
1. Hardware consists of everything in the physical layer
of the information system.
2. Software refers to the programs that control the
hardware and produce the desired information or
results.
3. Data is the raw material that an information system
transforms into useful information
4. Processes describe the tasks and business functions
that users, managers, and IT staff members perform to
achieve specific results.
5. People who have an interest in an information system
are called stakeholders.

INTRODUCTION
• Components of a computer-based information
system application.

INTRODUCTION
 WHAT IS BUSINESS SYSTEM WITH EXAMPLE?
 A business system is concerned with accomplishing specific
business goals.
 As an example of a business system is a factory whose goal
is to manufacture products.
 A business system can usually be broken into subsystems.
Within a factory for example there might be a subsystem
concerned with the purchase of raw materials, a subsystem
for sales of finished products.
 All of these subsystems make the overall business system
and hence, need to be managed perfectly to fulfill the goals
of the organization.

INTRODUCTION
 BUSINESS MODEL: Handle Sales Order:
• A simple business model might consist of an event, three
processes, and a result.

INTRODUCTION
• WHAT IS REQUIRED FOR SUCCESSFUL
BUSINESS INFORMATION SYSTEMS?
 The right hardware and software
 A team of talented, motivated people who
use information technology to achieve
business goals

SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND
DESIGN
• As the term implies, there are two phases: Analysis
and Design.
• Analysis is the phase in which the requirements for
a new information system are identified.
• Design is the phase in which those requirements are
used to create specifications or actual plans for the
new system.

THE SYSTEMS ANALYST
• A systems analyst (or analyst) is the person who
performs investigates, analyzes, designs,
develops, installs, evaluates, and maintains a
company’s information systems.
• To perform those tasks, a systems analyst
constantly interacts with users and managers
within and outside the company.
• On large projects, the analyst works as a
member of an IT department team; on smaller
assignments, he or she might work alone.

WHAT ISTHE SYSTEMS
ANALYST TASKS?
• Conducts a study of feasibility (possibility) of the system;
• Liaises (intermediate) with user of the system and determines
their requirements;
• Finds the facts important to the design of the proposed system;
• Determines the human and computer procedures that will
make up the system, designing forms and files.
• Writes programs specifications ;
• Tests the programs that forms the new system
• Participates in the implementation of the new system (
conversion)
• Writes the maintenance procedures
• Documents the system
• Writes the security procedures

THE PARTICIPANTS IN SYSTEM
DEVELOPMENT
• In all organization, we find a division of the work
among departments, each of which has a manager
responsible for a function or objective defined by
top management, e.g.. sale, production, research and
development accounting, data processing.
• Establishing policies or rules which the manager of
the data processing departments should follow when
dealing with computing service requests from
departmental managers.

PARTICIPATION BY
USERS
• The development of a new system is normally
carried out by a team of analysts, programmers,
operators (who are usually employed in a central data
processing department ) and users.
• The team is managed by a project leader.
• A department affected by a proposed system is often
called a "user department". The manager of such a
department is a " user manager"
• And the people in the affected department are called
" users ".

USER IS A PEOPLE
• Who prepare and handle data which is input to the system
• Who receive output from the system
• Who get information from the system and use it to
support the decision
• Who do not use the system directly, but are affected by
the decision
• Who use the system or are affected by it may be outside
the department
• In other departments
• The external auditors, customers, suppliers.

SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE
CYCLE
• Any information system goes through a series of phases
from birth to death. This process is called the system
development life cycle (SDLC). steps:
1. planning and selection,
2. analysis,
3. design, and
4. implementation and
operation .

Phase 1: Systems Planning
and Selection
• The first phase of the SDLC, in which an organization’s
total information system needs are analyzed and
arranged, and in which a potential information systems
project is identified and an argument for continuing or
not continuing with the project is presented.
• systems planning and selection has two primary
activities. (Question)
1. First, someone identifies the need for a new or
enhanced system.
2. Information needs of the organization are examined,
and projects to meet these needs are identified
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Phase 1: Systems Planning
and Selection
• Explain analyst tasks in the systems planning
and selection phase?
1. prioritizes and translates the needs into a written
plan for the information systems (IS) department,
including a schedule for developing new major systems.
2. Investigate the system and determine the
proposed system’s scope. The team of systems analysts
then produces a specific plan for the proposed project
for the team to follow.
• A feasibility study is conducted before the second
phase of the SDLC to determine the economic and
organizational impact of the system.
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Phase 2: Systems Analysis
• Explain the second phase of the systems
development life cycle?
o Systems Analysis :Phase of the SDLC in which the
current system is studied and alternative replacement
systems are proposed.
• What is the analyst do during the Systems
Analysis Phase ?
o studies the organization’s current procedures and the
information systems used to perform tasks such as
general ledger, shipping, order entry, machine
scheduling, and payroll.
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Phase 2: Systems Analysis
• ANALYSIS HAS SEVERAL SUBPHASES:
1. The first subphase involves determining the
requirements of the system. what the users want from
a proposed system.
2. Next, analyst study the requirements and structure
them according to their interrelationships, eliminating any
redundancies.
3. Then analyst compare the alternatives solution to
determine which best meets the requirements within the
cost, labor, and technical levels the organization is willing to
commit to the development process.
• The output of the analysis phase is a description of the
alternative solution recommended by the analysis team.
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Phase 3: Systems Design
• Give a short explain for Systems Design?
• Explain the third phase in SDLC ?
• Systems Design :Phase of the SDLC in which the system
chosen for development in systems analysis is first
described independently of any computer platform,
(logical design) and is then transformed into
technology-specific details (physical design) from
which all programming and system construction can be
accomplished.
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Phase 3: Systems Design
• What is the analyst do during the Systems Design?
1. Analysts convert the description of the recommended
alternative solution into logical and then physical system
specifications.
2. They must design all aspects of the system from input and
output screens to reports, databases, and computer
processes.
• The final product of the design phase is the physical system
specifications, presented in a form, such as a diagram or
written report, ready to be turned over to programmers and
other system builders for construction.
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Phase 4: Systems Implementation and
Operation
• Give a short explain for Systems Implementation
and Operation?
• Explain the final phase in SDLC ?
 Systems Implementation and Operation is the final
phase of the SDLC, in which the information system is
coded, tested, and installed in the organization, and in
which the information system is systematically repaired
and improved.
• The final phase of the SDLC is a two-step process:
1. systems implementation
2. and operation.
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Operation
• Explain Systems implementation activities?
1. Implementation includes coding, testing, and
installation.
1. During coding, programmers write the programs that make up the
system.
2. During testing, programmers and analysts test individual programs
and the entire system in order to find and correct errors.
3. During installation, the new system becomes a part of the daily
activities of the organization. Application software is installed, or
loaded, on existing or new hardware;
• 2. Systems implementation activities also include initial
user support such as the finalization of documentation,
training programs, and ongoing user assistance.
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Operation
• Explain Systems operation?
 The second part of the fourth phase of the SDLC is operation.
While a system is operating in an organization, users
sometimes find problems with how it works and often think
of improvements. During operation, programmers make the
changes that users ask for and modify the system to reflect
changing business conditions. These changes are necessary to
keep the system running and useful.
• The amount of time and effort in The second part of
the fourth phase of the SDLC depend on what?
 The amount of time and effort devoted to system
enhancements during operation depends a great deal on the
performance of the previous phases of the life cycle.
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Operation
• When the system analyst has to decide that
system replacement is better than it update?
• Inevitably, the time comes
o when an information system is no longer performing as
desired,
o when the costs of keeping a system running become
prohibitive,
o or when an organization’s needs have changed
substantially.
• Such problems indicate that it is time to begin designing
the system’s replacement, thereby completing the loop
and starting the life cycle over again.
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Products of the SDLC Phases
• The SDLC is a highly linked set of phases whose products
feed the activities in subsequent phases.
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Homework
• Write a report about Evolutionary model SDLC.
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Questions? Discussion?

System analysis 1

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