This PPT covers the concepts on Pathophysiology of Sexually transmitted diseases. STD like Chlamydia, Syphilis, Herpes Genitalis, Genital warts and Trichomoniasis
2. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
âť– Sexually transmitted diseases are infections that are spread from person to
person through intimate sexual contact.
âť– Sexually transmitted diseases are dangerous because they easily spread and
it is hard to tell just by looking who has an STD.
âť– 1 in 4 will contract STD between 15-55 yrs of age
âť– STD are infections that are commonly spread by sex, especially vaginal
intercourse, anal sex and oral sex.
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4. CHLAMYDIA
âť– It is most prevalent bacterial STD
âť– It is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis
âť– In women, symptoms may include
➢ Abnormal vaginal discharge,
➢ Burning during urination,
➢ Bleeding in between periods,
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5. âť– Symptoms in men include
➢ Pain when urinating, and
➢ Abnormal discharge from their penis
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6. âť– If left untreated in both men and women, Chlamydia can infect the urinary
tract and potentially lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
âť– PID can cause serious problems during pregnancy and even has the potential
to cause infertility
âť– It can be detected by tissue culture
âť– It is treated with antibiotics (note: penicillin is ineffective)
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7. GONORRHEA
âť– Caused by a bacteria known as Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
âť– This bacterium lives on moist mucous membranes in the urethra, vagina, rectum,
mouth, throat, and eyes.
âť– The infection can spread through contact with the penis, vagina, mouth or anus.
âť– Symptoms in men include
➢ Burning and pain while urinating,
➢ Discharge from the penis (white, green, or yellow in color)
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8. Symptoms in women may include
➢ Vaginal discharge,
➢ Burning or itching while urinating,
➢ Painful sexual intercourse,
➢ However many women do not show any symptoms.
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9. SYPHILIS
âť– Caused by bacteria called Trepenoma pallidum.
âť– If not treated Syphilis can be very dangerous and can cause brain damage
and other serious health problems
âť– Clinical manifestations of syphilis include the ulceration of the uro-genital
tract, mouth or rectum
âť– If left untreated the symptoms worsen
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10. HERPES GENITALIS
âť– The two most common forms of herpes are caused by infection with herpes
simplex virus (HSV).
âť– HSV- 1 is typically acquired orally and causes cold sores
âť– HSV-2 is usually acquired during sexual contact and affects the genitals,most
common viral STD
âť– Herpes is spread through skin contact with a person infected with the virus.
âť– This can occur through kissing, vaginal intercourse, oral sex or anal sex. Jegan Nadar
11. Symptoms
âť– Burning sensation followed by appearance of blisters
âť– Blisters rupture in 1-2 days; become painful ulcers
âť– Possible flu-like symptoms
âť– In males, sores occur on penis
âť– In females, sores occurs on labia, clitoris, cervix, vagina, urethra, perineum
âť– In both sexes: painful urination and sometimes fever
âť– Sores heal between 1-6 weeks
âť– If virus comes into contact with eye, can cause blindness
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12. GENITAL WARTS
âť– It is caused by Human papilloma virus
âť– There are more than 70 strains
❖ Some cause “genitalwarts” --moist, soft, cauliflower-like bumps (within 3 weeks - 8
months)
âť– Appear on cervix, labia, vulva, perineum in females
âť– In males warts appears on penis, urethra and scrotum
âť– It is treated topically with dry ice, liquid nitrogen > warts dry up and fall off in a
few days
Jegan Nadar
13. TRICHOMONIASIS
âť– It is caused by the single-celled protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis
âť– Can be passed on via damp towels, washcloths, and bathing suits if someone has the
parasite.
âť– Symptoms
âť– Typically, only women experience symptoms associated with Trichomonas infection.
âť– Symptoms include inflammation of the
➢ Cervix (Cervicitis)
➢ Urethra (Urethritis)
➢ Vagina (Vaginitis)
âť– Discomfort may increase during intercourse and urination.
Jegan Nadar