The document discusses waste water treatment in the paper and pulp industry. It describes the various stages of treatment including preliminary (screening), primary (sedimentation, flotation, filtration), secondary (anaerobic treatment, aerated lagoons), and tertiary (membrane filtration, ozone treatment). The influent and effluent from a paper mill are analyzed, showing high levels of suspended solids, BOD, COD, chlorides, and sulfates in the influent that are reduced through treatment to meet standards for effluent discharge.
Effect of activated carbon in textiles and textiles effluent.pptxDr. MANPREET KAUR
A Seminar entitled" Effect of activated carbon in textiles" presented in Department of Textiles and Apparel Designing, College of Community Science, UASD, Karnataka by Manpreet Kaur
The document discusses various applications of nanotechnology for water treatment, including adsorption, membranes, photocatalysis, disinfection, and sensing. It summarizes several studies that used nanomaterials like nanozeolites, polymer-modified magnetic nanoparticles, and titanium dioxide for removing pollutants from water through adsorption and degradation. The studies demonstrated these nanomaterials can effectively remove substances like nitrophenols, hormones, and heavy metals from water sources. The integrated use of technologies like UV photolysis and nanofiltration was also shown to remove a variety of micropollutants.
TiO2 and ZnO as Heterogeneous Photocatalysts for Wastewater TreatmentIRJET Journal
This document discusses the use of TiO2 and ZnO as heterogeneous photocatalysts for wastewater treatment. It begins with an introduction stating that industrial effluents cause environmental pollution and dyes from textile industries are toxic and difficult to degrade. It then provides details on the Z-scheme and heterojunction mechanisms for combining multiple photocatalysts to more effectively treat wastewater using solar light. The key advantages of these photocatalytic advanced oxidation processes are that they can mineralize organic pollutants under mild conditions and use solar energy.
Geopolymers have potential to be used as adsorbents for water treatment applications similar to zeolites. They can remove heavy metals and other ions from water through cation exchange and adsorption onto their surface. The document discusses how geopolymers can be synthesized from various source materials like fly ash or metakaolin, and outlines methods used to prepare geopolymer adsorbents. Preliminary results show that geopolymers have higher adsorption capacities and surface areas than the raw source materials. Further research is needed to optimize synthesis conditions and evaluate performance for different water matrices.
This document summarizes a project comparing the photocatalytic properties of CeO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles in degrading Basic Green 3GN and Basic Red 2A dyes. CeO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized. Dye degradation experiments using the nanoparticles as photocatalysts showed that TiO2 was highly effective in degrading the dyes, with up to 99% degradation of 100 ppm dye concentration. Kinetic studies showed pseudo-first order degradation behavior for TiO2. In contrast, CeO2 did not show any dye degradation. The document concludes that TiO2 is a superior photocatalyst for degrading these dyes compared to CeO2.
Potential use of plantain (musa paradisiaca) wastes in the removal of lead an...ADEOLU ADEDOTUN TIMOTHY
The document discusses the potential use of plantain wastes in removing lead and chromium from effluent from a battery recycling plant. It describes how:
1) Plantain wastes were collected and processed to produce activated carbon, which was then used to treat effluent from a battery recycling plant in tests.
2) Testing examined the effect of pH, activated carbon dose, and initial metal concentration on removing lead and chromium. Results showed over 80% removal of both metals was achieved at optimal conditions.
3) Characterization of the activated carbons found plantain-based activated carbons had higher surface areas and similar functional groups as commercial activated carbon.
The document discusses waste water treatment in the paper and pulp industry. It describes the various stages of treatment including preliminary (screening), primary (sedimentation, flotation, filtration), secondary (anaerobic treatment, aerated lagoons), and tertiary (membrane filtration, ozone treatment). The influent and effluent from a paper mill are analyzed, showing high levels of suspended solids, BOD, COD, chlorides, and sulfates in the influent that are reduced through treatment to meet standards for effluent discharge.
Effect of activated carbon in textiles and textiles effluent.pptxDr. MANPREET KAUR
A Seminar entitled" Effect of activated carbon in textiles" presented in Department of Textiles and Apparel Designing, College of Community Science, UASD, Karnataka by Manpreet Kaur
The document discusses various applications of nanotechnology for water treatment, including adsorption, membranes, photocatalysis, disinfection, and sensing. It summarizes several studies that used nanomaterials like nanozeolites, polymer-modified magnetic nanoparticles, and titanium dioxide for removing pollutants from water through adsorption and degradation. The studies demonstrated these nanomaterials can effectively remove substances like nitrophenols, hormones, and heavy metals from water sources. The integrated use of technologies like UV photolysis and nanofiltration was also shown to remove a variety of micropollutants.
TiO2 and ZnO as Heterogeneous Photocatalysts for Wastewater TreatmentIRJET Journal
This document discusses the use of TiO2 and ZnO as heterogeneous photocatalysts for wastewater treatment. It begins with an introduction stating that industrial effluents cause environmental pollution and dyes from textile industries are toxic and difficult to degrade. It then provides details on the Z-scheme and heterojunction mechanisms for combining multiple photocatalysts to more effectively treat wastewater using solar light. The key advantages of these photocatalytic advanced oxidation processes are that they can mineralize organic pollutants under mild conditions and use solar energy.
Geopolymers have potential to be used as adsorbents for water treatment applications similar to zeolites. They can remove heavy metals and other ions from water through cation exchange and adsorption onto their surface. The document discusses how geopolymers can be synthesized from various source materials like fly ash or metakaolin, and outlines methods used to prepare geopolymer adsorbents. Preliminary results show that geopolymers have higher adsorption capacities and surface areas than the raw source materials. Further research is needed to optimize synthesis conditions and evaluate performance for different water matrices.
This document summarizes a project comparing the photocatalytic properties of CeO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles in degrading Basic Green 3GN and Basic Red 2A dyes. CeO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized. Dye degradation experiments using the nanoparticles as photocatalysts showed that TiO2 was highly effective in degrading the dyes, with up to 99% degradation of 100 ppm dye concentration. Kinetic studies showed pseudo-first order degradation behavior for TiO2. In contrast, CeO2 did not show any dye degradation. The document concludes that TiO2 is a superior photocatalyst for degrading these dyes compared to CeO2.
Potential use of plantain (musa paradisiaca) wastes in the removal of lead an...ADEOLU ADEDOTUN TIMOTHY
The document discusses the potential use of plantain wastes in removing lead and chromium from effluent from a battery recycling plant. It describes how:
1) Plantain wastes were collected and processed to produce activated carbon, which was then used to treat effluent from a battery recycling plant in tests.
2) Testing examined the effect of pH, activated carbon dose, and initial metal concentration on removing lead and chromium. Results showed over 80% removal of both metals was achieved at optimal conditions.
3) Characterization of the activated carbons found plantain-based activated carbons had higher surface areas and similar functional groups as commercial activated carbon.
Nanocatalysts and nanozymes in heavy metal rmovalArka Debnath
This document discusses the use of nanomaterials like nanocatalysts and nanozymes for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater. It defines nanomaterials as structures less than 100 nm in at least one dimension. Nanocatalysts and nanozymes are two types of nanomaterials used for wastewater treatment. Nanocatalysts include metal oxides and semiconductors that can degrade pollutants through photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and Fenton-based reactions. Nanozymes mimic the catalytic properties of enzymes and have advantages over natural enzymes like stability. The document explores various applications of nanocatalysts and nanozymes for detecting and removing heavy metals from water.
Synthesis of Spinel based Catalysts by Wet chemical methods for Colour Remova...PranavkumarRana
The study aimed at color removal and COD degradation of
synthetic wastewater of methylene blue dye via photocatalysis using various spinel catalysts
prepared by different methods. The methylene blue dye with strong azo bond with structure
made up of autochrome and chromophore. The Azo dyes are widely used in textile, paper and
leather industries. The present study is essentially related to the degradation of selected
methylene blue and dye from synthetic dye wastewater however it has been extended to actual
industrial effluents. In order to control wastewater pollution due to dyes the UV-Photocatalytic
degradation technology has been carried out by some researchers using spinel catalysts. Spinel
catalysts are oxides with general formula AB2O4 where A and B are the rare earth, A has
octahedral site and B has tetrahedral site. alkaline earth, alkali metals and transition metal
cations which are expected to be able to overcome the limitations of semiconductors as
photocatalysts.
205064496-Water-Treatment-Calculations-Updated.pptxMarco Meza
The document provides information on various water treatment processes including coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, chlorination, ion exchange, and membrane processes like microfiltration, reverse osmosis, and nanofiltration. The key steps in water treatment involve raw water storage, coagulant and pH adjustment, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection and distribution. Membrane processes use semi-permeable membranes to separate particles and molecules of different sizes through processes like reverse osmosis, microfiltration and nanofiltration.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Applicatuion and syntheis of tio2 projectBigil Gupta
The document discusses the synthesis and application of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. It describes several methods for synthesizing TiO2, including chemical synthesis, electrochemical approaches, and hydrothermal methods. It also outlines techniques for characterizing TiO2, such as X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. The main applications of TiO2 nanoparticles discussed are photocatalysis for waste water treatment, use in solar cells, and as gas sensors. TiO2 shows promising results for degrading organic dyes and inhibiting algal growth in waste water through photocatalytic processes.
The document provides an introduction and literature review on electro-Fenton (EF) and electrocoagulation (EC) processes for treating textile wastewater. It outlines the objectives to study COD, TOC, color and odor removal efficiency of the EF+EC hybrid process. The methodology involves conducting experiments according to a design of experiment with varying operating parameters of EF (current density, time) and EC (rpm, current density, time, iron concentration). Preliminary findings show COD removal increases with time for EC alone but decreases with further treatment by EF+EC. The references cited discuss various advanced oxidation processes and their applications in wastewater treatment.
The document discusses preliminary findings from a study on treating textile wastewater using electro-Fenton (EF) and electrocoagulation (EC) processes. Key findings include:
- Over 77% COD removal was achieved after 50 minutes of EC treatment at pH 6 and a voltage of 6.98. COD levels decreased from 558 mg/L to 282 mg/L.
- EF treatment for 50 minutes at pH 3 resulted in a COD reduction from 1210 mg/L to 948 mg/L.
- Combining EF and EC processes provided better COD removal than either process alone.
IRJET- Stabilizing and Converting Leachate into Non-Toxic Liquid for Grou...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a study that aims to stabilize leachate and convert it into a non-toxic liquid suitable for groundwater recharge. The researchers treated leachate using activated crab shell and an aniline polymer in a filtration system. They found that the combination of activated carbon from crab shell and the polymer was able to reduce various toxic substances in leachate such as chloride, sulfur, and nitrates. Testing of the treated effluent showed reductions in parameters like COD, BOD, conductivity, and heavy metals. The results indicate the process provides an eco-friendly way to treat leachate that is low-cost and produces dischargeable quality water.
IRJET- Stabilizing and Converting Leachate into Non-Toxic Liquid for Groundwa...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a study that aims to stabilize leachate and convert it into a non-toxic liquid suitable for groundwater recharge. The researchers treated leachate using activated crab shell and an aniline polymer in a filtration system. They found that the combination of activated crab shell and polymer was effective at removing various contaminants from leachate, including heavy metals. Testing of the treated effluent showed reductions in parameters like turbidity, COD, BOD, and heavy metals. The results indicate the process provides an eco-friendly way to purify leachate at low cost without using much electricity or chemicals. The treated leachate could then be safely used to replenish groundwater.
Hybrid Process for Treatment of textile water using EF-EC.pptxasa791383
The document discusses a hybrid process of electro-Fenton and electrocoagulation treatment for textile wastewater. It provides background on the need for advanced treatment methods for dye manufacturing wastewater. The introduction describes electro-Fenton and electrocoagulation processes and why their combination may provide benefits like enhanced efficiency, complete degradation of pollutants, and reduced energy consumption. The literature review covers previous research on these processes individually and combined for different wastewaters. Gaps in effectively treating dissolved pollutants and non-biodegradable dyes from textile wastewater are identified. The research objectives are to improve treatment efficiency, biodegradability, energy use, and sludge production while reducing electroly
Dye removal from waste water by using low cost adsorbent: A review Satish Movaliya
This document provides a literature review on using low-cost adsorbents for dye removal from wastewater. It discusses various adsorbents that have been used such as sugarcane bagasse, sawdust, coconut coir pith, and clay. The review examines factors that affect dye adsorption such as pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time. It also discusses commonly used isotherm models like Langmuir and Freundlich to analyze adsorption equilibrium. The review concludes that more research is needed to develop efficient, selective, and eco-friendly low-cost adsorbents as well as continuous processes and desorption methods.
The document discusses various aspects of electro-Fenton (EF) and electrocoagulation (EC) processes for treating textile wastewater:
- EF involves generating hydroxyl radicals electrochemically to degrade pollutants, while EC uses an electric current to destabilize contaminants via metal dissolution.
- A hybrid EF+EC process could provide complete degradation of complex pollutants into less toxic forms while reducing energy use. Preliminary findings show the EF+EC combination achieved over 77% COD removal from synthetic textile wastewater.
- Further experiments are planned to optimize conditions like pH, current, electrolysis time and investigate pollutant reductions like COD, color and conductivity. The goal
Evaluation of the photo-catalytic oxidation process with commercial ZnO for r...irjes
The textile industry uses a very great amount of water in their process and then, produces high
quantities of colorful wastewater containing pollutants like suspended solids, heavy metals and other inorganic
and organic compounds. In this study, real textiles wastewaters were processed in an oxidative photo-catalytic
slurry reactor, using commercial ZnO as the catalyst, in order to evaluate its efficiency, the effect of pH, the
effect of catalyst loading and its kinetics. The process was tested in a batch reactor, in bench and semi-pilot
scales, with excellent data reproducibility observed in the scale-up. Moreover, decolorizations of 97.43 %, BOD
and COD reduction were obtained, showing good applicability of the process. According to regional
environmental agencies, the final effluents parameters were checked showing good acceptance for the use of
ZnO, except for the presence of Zn2+ in the effluent as a disadvantage.
This document is a treatise submitted to Gujarat Technological University titled "Treatability study of low cost adsorbents for waste water treatment". It describes experiments conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of low-cost adsorbents like fuller's earth and lignite for reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD) in waste water samples from various industries, and compares their performance to activated carbon. The results show that fuller's earth and lignite achieved significant COD reduction at lower costs than activated carbon, demonstrating their potential as cost-effective alternatives for industrial waste water treatment.
This document is a treatise submitted to Gujarat Technological University titled "Treatability study of low cost adsorbents for waste water treatment". It describes experiments conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of low-cost adsorbents like fuller's earth and lignite for reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD) in waste water samples from various industries, and compares their performance to activated carbon. The results show that fuller's earth and lignite achieved significant COD reduction at lower costs than activated carbon, demonstrating their potential as cost-effective alternatives for industrial waste water treatment.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The document discusses adsorption as a wastewater treatment method. It covers the classification of adsorption, common adsorbent materials like activated carbon, and applications of adsorption such as in water and wastewater treatment plants. Recent developments discussed include using modified adsorbents like nano-based materials and biomass-derived carbons, which can have enhanced adsorption capabilities compared to traditional adsorbents. The conclusion emphasizes that adsorption is a relatively affordable treatment option and that further research on green technologies could make safer water access more sustainable.
The document discusses advanced wastewater treatment technologies and processes for treating industrial wastewater. It begins with an introduction to industrial wastewater characteristics and challenges in treatment. The key technologies discussed include physical processes like sedimentation and filtration, physico-chemical processes like coagulation and adsorption, biological processes like aerobic and anaerobic treatment, and advanced oxidation processes. Batch studies were conducted to evaluate the biodegradation of volatile organic compounds typically found in pharmaceutical wastewater. Continuous bioreactors like submerged aerated biological filters and membrane bioreactors were then evaluated for treating the wastewater, with a focus on reducing volatile organic compound emissions.
IRJET- Comparative Studies on Copper Removal by Sawdust and Iron Oxide Na...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the comparative removal of copper using sawdust and iron oxide nanoparticles as adsorbents. Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of parameters like pH, initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on copper removal efficiency. The maximum removal efficiencies achieved were 81.32% for sawdust and 98.02% for iron oxide nanoparticles at pH 6 and an equilibrium time of 100 minutes. Column studies showed maximum removal of 68.82% for sawdust and 92.06% for iron oxide nanoparticles. The iron oxide nanoparticles exhibited better adsorption capacity for copper compared to sawdust. The study provides removal efficiencies of the adsorbents under different conditions
Screening and extraction of heavy metals from anaerobically digested sewage s...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated screening and extracting heavy metals from anaerobically digested sewage sludge using citric acid. The study characterized the sewage sludge and found heavy metal concentrations of copper, lead, nickel and zinc to be above regulatory standards. It then used a full factorial experimental design to study the effects of pH, hydrogen peroxide dosage, and extraction time on removing the heavy metals. Lead removal was highest at 99.9%, followed by nickel, copper and zinc. Statistical analysis found extraction time and hydrogen peroxide dosage to most significantly impact heavy metal removal efficiency.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
More Related Content
Similar to Synthesis of Zinc ferrite and activated carbon nanocomposite
Nanocatalysts and nanozymes in heavy metal rmovalArka Debnath
This document discusses the use of nanomaterials like nanocatalysts and nanozymes for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater. It defines nanomaterials as structures less than 100 nm in at least one dimension. Nanocatalysts and nanozymes are two types of nanomaterials used for wastewater treatment. Nanocatalysts include metal oxides and semiconductors that can degrade pollutants through photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and Fenton-based reactions. Nanozymes mimic the catalytic properties of enzymes and have advantages over natural enzymes like stability. The document explores various applications of nanocatalysts and nanozymes for detecting and removing heavy metals from water.
Synthesis of Spinel based Catalysts by Wet chemical methods for Colour Remova...PranavkumarRana
The study aimed at color removal and COD degradation of
synthetic wastewater of methylene blue dye via photocatalysis using various spinel catalysts
prepared by different methods. The methylene blue dye with strong azo bond with structure
made up of autochrome and chromophore. The Azo dyes are widely used in textile, paper and
leather industries. The present study is essentially related to the degradation of selected
methylene blue and dye from synthetic dye wastewater however it has been extended to actual
industrial effluents. In order to control wastewater pollution due to dyes the UV-Photocatalytic
degradation technology has been carried out by some researchers using spinel catalysts. Spinel
catalysts are oxides with general formula AB2O4 where A and B are the rare earth, A has
octahedral site and B has tetrahedral site. alkaline earth, alkali metals and transition metal
cations which are expected to be able to overcome the limitations of semiconductors as
photocatalysts.
205064496-Water-Treatment-Calculations-Updated.pptxMarco Meza
The document provides information on various water treatment processes including coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, chlorination, ion exchange, and membrane processes like microfiltration, reverse osmosis, and nanofiltration. The key steps in water treatment involve raw water storage, coagulant and pH adjustment, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection and distribution. Membrane processes use semi-permeable membranes to separate particles and molecules of different sizes through processes like reverse osmosis, microfiltration and nanofiltration.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Applicatuion and syntheis of tio2 projectBigil Gupta
The document discusses the synthesis and application of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. It describes several methods for synthesizing TiO2, including chemical synthesis, electrochemical approaches, and hydrothermal methods. It also outlines techniques for characterizing TiO2, such as X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. The main applications of TiO2 nanoparticles discussed are photocatalysis for waste water treatment, use in solar cells, and as gas sensors. TiO2 shows promising results for degrading organic dyes and inhibiting algal growth in waste water through photocatalytic processes.
The document provides an introduction and literature review on electro-Fenton (EF) and electrocoagulation (EC) processes for treating textile wastewater. It outlines the objectives to study COD, TOC, color and odor removal efficiency of the EF+EC hybrid process. The methodology involves conducting experiments according to a design of experiment with varying operating parameters of EF (current density, time) and EC (rpm, current density, time, iron concentration). Preliminary findings show COD removal increases with time for EC alone but decreases with further treatment by EF+EC. The references cited discuss various advanced oxidation processes and their applications in wastewater treatment.
The document discusses preliminary findings from a study on treating textile wastewater using electro-Fenton (EF) and electrocoagulation (EC) processes. Key findings include:
- Over 77% COD removal was achieved after 50 minutes of EC treatment at pH 6 and a voltage of 6.98. COD levels decreased from 558 mg/L to 282 mg/L.
- EF treatment for 50 minutes at pH 3 resulted in a COD reduction from 1210 mg/L to 948 mg/L.
- Combining EF and EC processes provided better COD removal than either process alone.
IRJET- Stabilizing and Converting Leachate into Non-Toxic Liquid for Grou...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a study that aims to stabilize leachate and convert it into a non-toxic liquid suitable for groundwater recharge. The researchers treated leachate using activated crab shell and an aniline polymer in a filtration system. They found that the combination of activated carbon from crab shell and the polymer was able to reduce various toxic substances in leachate such as chloride, sulfur, and nitrates. Testing of the treated effluent showed reductions in parameters like COD, BOD, conductivity, and heavy metals. The results indicate the process provides an eco-friendly way to treat leachate that is low-cost and produces dischargeable quality water.
IRJET- Stabilizing and Converting Leachate into Non-Toxic Liquid for Groundwa...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a study that aims to stabilize leachate and convert it into a non-toxic liquid suitable for groundwater recharge. The researchers treated leachate using activated crab shell and an aniline polymer in a filtration system. They found that the combination of activated crab shell and polymer was effective at removing various contaminants from leachate, including heavy metals. Testing of the treated effluent showed reductions in parameters like turbidity, COD, BOD, and heavy metals. The results indicate the process provides an eco-friendly way to purify leachate at low cost without using much electricity or chemicals. The treated leachate could then be safely used to replenish groundwater.
Hybrid Process for Treatment of textile water using EF-EC.pptxasa791383
The document discusses a hybrid process of electro-Fenton and electrocoagulation treatment for textile wastewater. It provides background on the need for advanced treatment methods for dye manufacturing wastewater. The introduction describes electro-Fenton and electrocoagulation processes and why their combination may provide benefits like enhanced efficiency, complete degradation of pollutants, and reduced energy consumption. The literature review covers previous research on these processes individually and combined for different wastewaters. Gaps in effectively treating dissolved pollutants and non-biodegradable dyes from textile wastewater are identified. The research objectives are to improve treatment efficiency, biodegradability, energy use, and sludge production while reducing electroly
Dye removal from waste water by using low cost adsorbent: A review Satish Movaliya
This document provides a literature review on using low-cost adsorbents for dye removal from wastewater. It discusses various adsorbents that have been used such as sugarcane bagasse, sawdust, coconut coir pith, and clay. The review examines factors that affect dye adsorption such as pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time. It also discusses commonly used isotherm models like Langmuir and Freundlich to analyze adsorption equilibrium. The review concludes that more research is needed to develop efficient, selective, and eco-friendly low-cost adsorbents as well as continuous processes and desorption methods.
The document discusses various aspects of electro-Fenton (EF) and electrocoagulation (EC) processes for treating textile wastewater:
- EF involves generating hydroxyl radicals electrochemically to degrade pollutants, while EC uses an electric current to destabilize contaminants via metal dissolution.
- A hybrid EF+EC process could provide complete degradation of complex pollutants into less toxic forms while reducing energy use. Preliminary findings show the EF+EC combination achieved over 77% COD removal from synthetic textile wastewater.
- Further experiments are planned to optimize conditions like pH, current, electrolysis time and investigate pollutant reductions like COD, color and conductivity. The goal
Evaluation of the photo-catalytic oxidation process with commercial ZnO for r...irjes
The textile industry uses a very great amount of water in their process and then, produces high
quantities of colorful wastewater containing pollutants like suspended solids, heavy metals and other inorganic
and organic compounds. In this study, real textiles wastewaters were processed in an oxidative photo-catalytic
slurry reactor, using commercial ZnO as the catalyst, in order to evaluate its efficiency, the effect of pH, the
effect of catalyst loading and its kinetics. The process was tested in a batch reactor, in bench and semi-pilot
scales, with excellent data reproducibility observed in the scale-up. Moreover, decolorizations of 97.43 %, BOD
and COD reduction were obtained, showing good applicability of the process. According to regional
environmental agencies, the final effluents parameters were checked showing good acceptance for the use of
ZnO, except for the presence of Zn2+ in the effluent as a disadvantage.
This document is a treatise submitted to Gujarat Technological University titled "Treatability study of low cost adsorbents for waste water treatment". It describes experiments conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of low-cost adsorbents like fuller's earth and lignite for reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD) in waste water samples from various industries, and compares their performance to activated carbon. The results show that fuller's earth and lignite achieved significant COD reduction at lower costs than activated carbon, demonstrating their potential as cost-effective alternatives for industrial waste water treatment.
This document is a treatise submitted to Gujarat Technological University titled "Treatability study of low cost adsorbents for waste water treatment". It describes experiments conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of low-cost adsorbents like fuller's earth and lignite for reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD) in waste water samples from various industries, and compares their performance to activated carbon. The results show that fuller's earth and lignite achieved significant COD reduction at lower costs than activated carbon, demonstrating their potential as cost-effective alternatives for industrial waste water treatment.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The document discusses adsorption as a wastewater treatment method. It covers the classification of adsorption, common adsorbent materials like activated carbon, and applications of adsorption such as in water and wastewater treatment plants. Recent developments discussed include using modified adsorbents like nano-based materials and biomass-derived carbons, which can have enhanced adsorption capabilities compared to traditional adsorbents. The conclusion emphasizes that adsorption is a relatively affordable treatment option and that further research on green technologies could make safer water access more sustainable.
The document discusses advanced wastewater treatment technologies and processes for treating industrial wastewater. It begins with an introduction to industrial wastewater characteristics and challenges in treatment. The key technologies discussed include physical processes like sedimentation and filtration, physico-chemical processes like coagulation and adsorption, biological processes like aerobic and anaerobic treatment, and advanced oxidation processes. Batch studies were conducted to evaluate the biodegradation of volatile organic compounds typically found in pharmaceutical wastewater. Continuous bioreactors like submerged aerated biological filters and membrane bioreactors were then evaluated for treating the wastewater, with a focus on reducing volatile organic compound emissions.
IRJET- Comparative Studies on Copper Removal by Sawdust and Iron Oxide Na...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the comparative removal of copper using sawdust and iron oxide nanoparticles as adsorbents. Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of parameters like pH, initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on copper removal efficiency. The maximum removal efficiencies achieved were 81.32% for sawdust and 98.02% for iron oxide nanoparticles at pH 6 and an equilibrium time of 100 minutes. Column studies showed maximum removal of 68.82% for sawdust and 92.06% for iron oxide nanoparticles. The iron oxide nanoparticles exhibited better adsorption capacity for copper compared to sawdust. The study provides removal efficiencies of the adsorbents under different conditions
Screening and extraction of heavy metals from anaerobically digested sewage s...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated screening and extracting heavy metals from anaerobically digested sewage sludge using citric acid. The study characterized the sewage sludge and found heavy metal concentrations of copper, lead, nickel and zinc to be above regulatory standards. It then used a full factorial experimental design to study the effects of pH, hydrogen peroxide dosage, and extraction time on removing the heavy metals. Lead removal was highest at 99.9%, followed by nickel, copper and zinc. Statistical analysis found extraction time and hydrogen peroxide dosage to most significantly impact heavy metal removal efficiency.
Similar to Synthesis of Zinc ferrite and activated carbon nanocomposite (20)
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Synthesis of Zinc ferrite and activated carbon nanocomposite
1. Synthesis of zinc ferrite and
Activated carbon composite
nanoparticles
2. Introduction
• With the fast growth of industries,
metropolitan areas and modern agricultural
developments cause toxic ions
contamination in water bodies.
• Textile dyeing is the second-largest polluter
of water and the fashion industry produces
20 percent of the world’s wastewater.
3. • Among different removal techniques, the
adsorption method has some well-being
assistances such as efficient and utilized with a low
working cost
• Adsorbents help us to decontaminate wastewater
and Photocatalyst helps us to decolorize
wastewater
• In this work Absorbent and Photocatalyst were
combined as a composite material for dye
degradation
4. Objective
• Main objective of this research work is to
synthesis Zinc ferrite and Activated carbon
(ZnFe2O4/AC) composite via co-precipitation
method and characterize the material in order
to determine properties and it’s
characteristics
5. Why Activated Carbon
• In Dye Degradation and water
purification, activated carbon removes
impurities and contaminants effectively
because of it’s high porosity, high surface area
and high adsorption capacity.
• It can be produced with low cost.
7. Reaction Mixture
1g of PAC
Zinc Acetate
(with 0.2 Molarity)
Ferric Nitrate
(with 0.4 Molarity)
40 ml of
mixture
30 ml of
mixture
20 ml of
mixture
1g of PAC 1g of PAC
9. • Dark brown with black precipitate was formed
and cooled at ambient conditions. Precipitate
was filtered to obtain ZnFe2O4/AC composite.
• The ZnFe2O4/AC composite was washed two
times with double distilled water to remove
unreacted NaOH and other substrates.
• The composite was annealed at 400 ◦C for 2 h
in a muffle furnace.
11. • The Crystalline size of the material was
determined using Scherrer’s formula,
D = kλ / β cos θ
Determined crystalline size from XRD
D = 8.183850206 nm
Lattice constant was determined using the
relation between interplanar spacing and
miller indices
a = 0.83477926 nm
And Strain also determined from XRD Pattern
12. • UV - visible spectrum
• t
The band gap was determined using Tauc Plot method.
Determined direct band gap energy = 1.953 eV
13. Application
• ZnFe2O4 /AC can be used as a adsorbent in
water purification and sewage treatment.
• It can be used as photocatalyst in dye
degradation
• It can be used as medicine to treat drug
overdoses and poisonings
• It can be used in gas sensors and many other
application
14. conclusion
• Our objective is to prepare the ZnFe2O4/AC
composite nanoparticles in a simple, cost
effective and eco-friendly way unlike chemical
processes.
• The XRD patterns indicate high crystalline
quality with very well defined peaks and
intense. Peaks were indexed as Spinel cubic
structure. Its also indicates that the prepared
material is in nano range
• The photocatalytic studies revealed that
ZnFe2O4/AC can act as a good photocatalysts.