This document summarizes a research defense presentation on synthesizing and evaluating the mechanical and tribological characteristics of nano clay incorporated into HDPE composites reinforced with bidirectional silk woven fabric. The presentation covers introducing the research topic, reviewing relevant literature, stating the objectives to synthesize hybrid composites and characterize their mechanical and tribological properties, describing the experimental methodology and materials used, presenting results on density, hardness, tensile strength, wear properties, and SEM images, and concluding the mechanical properties are improved with the addition of nano clay and glass fiber.
Keynote presentation for the National Webinar on 'Polymers - A Century of Adv...Mainak Ghosal
The document discusses the application of thermosetting and thermoplastic polymeric composites as well as polymeric nanocomposites in cement concrete for improved sustainability. It describes how polymers like polycarboxylate ether and melamine formaldehyde are used as admixtures in concrete and can provide benefits like water reduction. The document also examines the use of carbon nanotubes in polymer composites and how their addition and dispersion in cement affects the properties of cement and concrete composites, including increased strength and density over time.
Wear Analysis of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and it’s Composites under Wet...IOSR Journals
In this paper, the effect of load, Velocity of sliding and sliding distance on friction and wear of
materials made of Polytetrafluoroethylele (PTFE) and PTFE composites under wet condition with filler
materials such as 25% bronze, 25% glass fiber and 25 % carbon have studied. The experimental work has
performed on pin-on-disc friction and wear test rig and analyzed with the help of Design Expert software. The
results of experiments are presented in tables and graphs which shows that the addition of bronze, glass and
carbon filler to the virgin PTFE decreases wear rate significantly and there is marginal increase in coefficient
of friction. The highest wear resistance was found for 25% carbon filled PTFE followed by 25% glass filled
PTFE, 25% bronze filled PTFE and virgin PTFE. Through this study, we can develop the best bearing material
for the various industrial applications which is available easily at the minimum cost.
This document describes the design and analysis of a leaf spring made of sisal fiber reinforced glass epoxy composite. It begins with an abstract that outlines the goal of replacing steel leaf springs with composites to reduce weight and increase fuel economy. It then reviews relevant literature on composite leaf springs. The objectives and methodology are described, including fabrication of composite specimens using hand layup. Tests are performed to determine material properties and compare different fiber volume fractions. A steel leaf spring is modeled and analyzed in ANSYS to determine stresses and deflection. A composite leaf spring is also modeled and tested experimentally to verify analytical and FEA results. The composite leaf spring shows stresses within acceptable limits for the material.
Fabrication and Characterization of Kevlar/Jute Reinforced EpoxyIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research conducted on Kevlar/Jute fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Composite laminates were fabricated using hand layup with various combinations of Kevlar fiber, jute fiber, and epoxy resin. Specimens from the laminates underwent tensile, compression, and bending tests. The 3mm thick laminates exhibited the highest tensile, compressive, and bending strengths compared to 2mm and 4mm thick laminates. Increasing the Kevlar content improved the mechanical properties while reducing the weight and cost of the composites. The stacking sequence was found to significantly impact the flexural strength but had little effect on tensile properties. Further research on other natural fibers, polymers
This document summarizes research on optimizing the mechanical properties of bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy composites using response surface methodology. Bamboo fiber mats were mixed with varying amounts of nano-silica and epoxy resin to create composite samples. Mechanical tests evaluated properties like tensile, flexural, and impact strength. Response surface methodology was used to determine the optimal composite composition. A quadratic regression model found the 32H composite, with 3 layers of bamboo fiber and 2% nano-silica, performed best in tensile tests and had high energy absorption. The study concluded a composite with 2 wt.% silica and 2 layers of natural bamboo fiber provided high quality mechanical properties.
IRJET- Static Analysis of HDPE Polymer Composite Spur Gear using Finite Eleme...IRJET Journal
This document describes a study that fabricated and tested polymer composite materials with different compositions of HDPE, carbon fiber powder, and silicon carbide powder for use in spur gears. Samples were injection molded and tested for tensile and flexural strength. A composite with 84% HDPE, 10% carbon fiber, and 6% silicon carbide performed best. A spur gear was modeled in CATIA and analyzed statically in ANSYS to compare to a cast steel gear. The composite material showed potential to replace metal gears due to its light weight, high strength, and low cost.
Effect of short glass fiber and fillers on dry sliding wear behaviour of ther...IAEME Publication
The document summarizes research on the effect of short glass fiber and fillers on the dry sliding wear behavior of thermoplastic copolyester elastomer composites. Experiments were conducted using a Taguchi design of experiments with variables including filler content, sliding velocity, and sliding distance. Analysis of variance was used to determine the most influential parameters on specific wear rate. The experimental results showed that filler content had the greatest effect on specific wear rate, followed by sliding distance, while sliding velocity showed a negligible effect. Examination of worn surfaces revealed features associated with adhesion of the matrix to fibers as well as microcracking and debris formation.
Keynote presentation for the National Webinar on 'Polymers - A Century of Adv...Mainak Ghosal
The document discusses the application of thermosetting and thermoplastic polymeric composites as well as polymeric nanocomposites in cement concrete for improved sustainability. It describes how polymers like polycarboxylate ether and melamine formaldehyde are used as admixtures in concrete and can provide benefits like water reduction. The document also examines the use of carbon nanotubes in polymer composites and how their addition and dispersion in cement affects the properties of cement and concrete composites, including increased strength and density over time.
Wear Analysis of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and it’s Composites under Wet...IOSR Journals
In this paper, the effect of load, Velocity of sliding and sliding distance on friction and wear of
materials made of Polytetrafluoroethylele (PTFE) and PTFE composites under wet condition with filler
materials such as 25% bronze, 25% glass fiber and 25 % carbon have studied. The experimental work has
performed on pin-on-disc friction and wear test rig and analyzed with the help of Design Expert software. The
results of experiments are presented in tables and graphs which shows that the addition of bronze, glass and
carbon filler to the virgin PTFE decreases wear rate significantly and there is marginal increase in coefficient
of friction. The highest wear resistance was found for 25% carbon filled PTFE followed by 25% glass filled
PTFE, 25% bronze filled PTFE and virgin PTFE. Through this study, we can develop the best bearing material
for the various industrial applications which is available easily at the minimum cost.
This document describes the design and analysis of a leaf spring made of sisal fiber reinforced glass epoxy composite. It begins with an abstract that outlines the goal of replacing steel leaf springs with composites to reduce weight and increase fuel economy. It then reviews relevant literature on composite leaf springs. The objectives and methodology are described, including fabrication of composite specimens using hand layup. Tests are performed to determine material properties and compare different fiber volume fractions. A steel leaf spring is modeled and analyzed in ANSYS to determine stresses and deflection. A composite leaf spring is also modeled and tested experimentally to verify analytical and FEA results. The composite leaf spring shows stresses within acceptable limits for the material.
Fabrication and Characterization of Kevlar/Jute Reinforced EpoxyIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research conducted on Kevlar/Jute fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Composite laminates were fabricated using hand layup with various combinations of Kevlar fiber, jute fiber, and epoxy resin. Specimens from the laminates underwent tensile, compression, and bending tests. The 3mm thick laminates exhibited the highest tensile, compressive, and bending strengths compared to 2mm and 4mm thick laminates. Increasing the Kevlar content improved the mechanical properties while reducing the weight and cost of the composites. The stacking sequence was found to significantly impact the flexural strength but had little effect on tensile properties. Further research on other natural fibers, polymers
This document summarizes research on optimizing the mechanical properties of bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy composites using response surface methodology. Bamboo fiber mats were mixed with varying amounts of nano-silica and epoxy resin to create composite samples. Mechanical tests evaluated properties like tensile, flexural, and impact strength. Response surface methodology was used to determine the optimal composite composition. A quadratic regression model found the 32H composite, with 3 layers of bamboo fiber and 2% nano-silica, performed best in tensile tests and had high energy absorption. The study concluded a composite with 2 wt.% silica and 2 layers of natural bamboo fiber provided high quality mechanical properties.
IRJET- Static Analysis of HDPE Polymer Composite Spur Gear using Finite Eleme...IRJET Journal
This document describes a study that fabricated and tested polymer composite materials with different compositions of HDPE, carbon fiber powder, and silicon carbide powder for use in spur gears. Samples were injection molded and tested for tensile and flexural strength. A composite with 84% HDPE, 10% carbon fiber, and 6% silicon carbide performed best. A spur gear was modeled in CATIA and analyzed statically in ANSYS to compare to a cast steel gear. The composite material showed potential to replace metal gears due to its light weight, high strength, and low cost.
Effect of short glass fiber and fillers on dry sliding wear behaviour of ther...IAEME Publication
The document summarizes research on the effect of short glass fiber and fillers on the dry sliding wear behavior of thermoplastic copolyester elastomer composites. Experiments were conducted using a Taguchi design of experiments with variables including filler content, sliding velocity, and sliding distance. Analysis of variance was used to determine the most influential parameters on specific wear rate. The experimental results showed that filler content had the greatest effect on specific wear rate, followed by sliding distance, while sliding velocity showed a negligible effect. Examination of worn surfaces revealed features associated with adhesion of the matrix to fibers as well as microcracking and debris formation.
Preparation and characterization of self reinforced fibre polymer composites ...Padmanabhan Krishnan
This document outlines the agenda and methodology for a research project on self-reinforced fibre polymer composites, with an emphasis on the fibre/matrix interface. The research will involve theoretical and experimental investigations of the interfacial properties, quasi-static properties, and low velocity impact properties of four types of self-reinforced polymer composites. Fractography and correlation studies will also be conducted. The goal is to better understand the relationship between interfacial properties, mechanical properties, and impact behavior, while addressing gaps in current literature regarding these composites. Thermal analysis, laminate preparation, mechanical testing, and microscopy techniques will be employed in the study.
Fabrication and Hardness Examination of Recycled Plastic Composite With Glass...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the fabrication and hardness testing of recycled plastic composites with glass fiber for use as potential railway sleepers. Samples were produced by injection molding recycled plastics like HDPE and PP with glass fiber reinforcement. Hardness testing found the recycled plastic composite samples had higher hardness values than timber, indicating they could serve as alternatives for timber sleepers. Future work proposed further mechanical testing of composites molded into standard sleeper dimensions for potential commercial implementation as more sustainable replacements for timber sleepers.
1) The document investigates the effect of carbon fiber content on the mechanical properties of hybrid composite laminates made of woven carbon, glass fibers and epoxy resin.
2) Specimens with different carbon fiber percentages were tested for tensile strength, compression strength, impact strength, and flexural strength.
3) The results showed that increasing the carbon fiber content increased the mechanical properties of the composite laminate in all tests. The specimen with the highest carbon fiber content performed best mechanically.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This study experimentally investigates the effect of hybridizing jute and glass fibers on the mechanical properties of polyester composites. Jute fiber reinforced polyester composites (JFRPC), glass fiber reinforced polyester composites (GFRPC), and various hybrid fiber reinforced polyester composites (HFRPC) were fabricated and tested. Tensile and flexural testing showed that HFRPC exhibited higher strength properties than JFRPC or GFRPC alone, due to the combined properties of both natural jute and synthetic glass fibers. In particular, composites with 2% jute fiber and varying amounts of glass fiber achieved comparable strengths to GFRPC at a lower cost. Therefore, hybridizing jute and glass
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON CONCRETE CONTAINING META KAOLIN WITH HD PET THERMOPL...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on concrete containing metakaolin and HD PET thermoplastic. Metakaolin was used as a partial cement replacement at 5% and 10%, while HD PET thermoplastic partially replaced fine aggregate at 5-15%. Compressive strength was tested at 7 and 28 days. Results showed that strength generally increased with 5% metakaolin but decreased with higher HD PET contents. However, combinations of 15% HD PET with 5% metakaolin and 15% HD PET with 10% metakaolin achieved strengths similar to the control mix. Therefore, metakaolin and HD PET thermoplastic can be used together in concrete as partial replacements to improve sustainability without compromising strength.
Investigating the Mechanical Properties of Polyester-Natural Fiber CompositeIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research investigating the mechanical properties of composites made from polyester reinforced with natural fibers like cotton and jute. It describes how samples of polyester composite with varying amounts of glass fiber, cotton, and jute fiber were produced using compression molding. The composites were then tested to evaluate properties such as hardness, tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, and water absorption. The results showed that composites with higher amounts of cotton and jute fibers generally had higher strength and stiffness but also increased water absorption compared to the glass fiber composite. The research demonstrated that natural fiber composites can be a sustainable alternative to glass fiber composites.
Performance of Light-Weight Concrete with Plastic AggregateIJERA Editor
This study is intended to explore the suitability of recycled plastics (high density polyethylene) as coarse aggregate in concrete by conducting various tests like workability by slump test, compressive strength of cube and cylinder, splitting tensile strength test of cylinder, flexural strength of R.C.C as well as P.CC. beams to determine the properties and behaviour in concrete. Effect of replacement of coarse aggregate with various percentages (0% to 40%) of plastic aggregate on behaviour of concrete was experimentally investigated and the optimum replacement of coarse aggregate was found out. The results showed that the addition of plastic aggregate to the concrete mixture improved the properties of the resultant mix.
Influence of Curing Temperature and Fiber Volume Fraction on the Mechanical ...Karthikn Subramanian
* This investigation is aimed at studying the effect of curing temperature and fiber volume fraction on the mechanical properties of sisal fiber reinforced polyester composites.
* The composite sheets were fabricated by varying the curing temperature (40, 60, 80 and 100oC) and fiber volume fraction (15, 30 and 45 %).
* The fabricated composite sheets were tested for its mechanical properties namely tensile and impact strength as per ASTM standards. The regression model was developed to study the relationship between fabrication parameters and mechanical properties.
* The tensile and impact properties of sisal fiber reinforced polyester composites were optimized using Response surface methodology (RSM).
Strength Studies on Carbon Fibre Reinforced Concrete with Coconut Shell as Pa...IRJET Journal
1) The study aims to evaluate the compressive and split tensile strength of concrete with partial replacements of coarse aggregate with coconut shell and additions of carbon fibre.
2) Test results showed that at 5% replacement of coarse aggregate with coconut shell, the compressive strength of concrete at 28, 56, and 90 days increased compared to normal concrete.
3) The addition of 1.0% carbon fibre further improved the compressive and split tensile strength of the concrete compared to concrete with only coconut shell replacement.
4) The highest strengths were obtained with a combination of 5% coarse aggregate replacement with coconut shell and 1.0% carbon fibre addition.
FLEXURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE WITH CRIMPED STEEL FIBER AND ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the flexural characteristics of reinforced concrete with crimped steel fiber and polypropylene fiber. The study aimed to improve the flexural, shear, and crack resistance of concrete by adding different percentages (0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%) of crimped steel fiber and polypropylene fiber. Tests were conducted to evaluate the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural resistance of concrete specimens containing the fibers. The results showed that the addition of 1.2% crimped steel fiber and 1.2% polypropylene fiber increased the compressive strength by 21%, split tensile strength by 32%, and flexural strength by 61%
A Study on Strength and Durability of Concrete Using Corn Cob Ash and Polyeth...IRJET Journal
This study evaluated the strength and durability of concrete mixtures containing corn cob ash and polyethylene fiber. Twenty-four concrete mixtures were tested with M25 and M30 grades. Cement in the mixtures was partially replaced with 10% corn cob ash. Polyethylene fiber content varied from 0% to 2%. Specimens were tested for compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strengths at 7 and 28 days. Results showed the concrete mixtures with corn cob ash and polyethylene fiber exhibited higher strengths compared to the control mixtures without additives. The optimum fiber content was found to be 1% for best performance. This study demonstrated corn cob ash and polyethylene fiber can improve the properties of concrete and make it more durable.
This study evaluated the durability and bonding characteristics of concrete with partial replacement of natural coarse aggregate with recycled plastic aggregate. Specimens were subjected to acid and sulfate attacks to measure durability. Results found the plastic aggregate concrete had lower weight loss and higher compressive strength than control mix after attacks. Bonding tests also found similar bonding stress between mixes. The study concluded plastic aggregate can improve concrete durability and its use supports sustainable construction.
Indirect Tensile Strength of Modified Bitumen Mixturedbpublications
The performance of flexible pavements depends on bituminous mixture and external factors such as traffic loading and weather conditions. Bitumen mixture is elastic, viscoelastic and plastic material where rate of traffic loading and weather conditions plays very significant role on its behavior .Conventional bitumen mixture is unable bear the present traffic volume and environmental conditions by considering this an attempt has been made to study the indirect tensile strength of modified bitumen mixture using cellulose fiber as a modifier. Higher tensile strength resist the cracks, fatigue and rutting which are common failure in the flexible pavements. For preparation of bituminous concrete mixture (BC) gradation has been taken as per MORTH (table no: 500-18) specification. Bitumen content is optimized at 5% and cellulose binder content has been varied such as 1%, 3% and 5% of total mix. Conducted different types of tests such as penetration, ductility, softening point and indirect tensile strength . It has been observed that the behavior of asphalt cement after adding the modifier differ from percentage to another, At 5% an ideal improvement to the fatigue and rutting resistance properties of the asphalt cement in terms of indirect tensile strength as compared with 1%,2% of modifier and conventional bitumen . The addition of 5% Cellulose is found more significant.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON WEAR BEHAVIOUR OF SIC FILLED HYBRID COMPOSITES USING TA...IAEME Publication
The document presents an experimental study on the wear behavior of silicon carbide (SiC) filled hybrid composites using the Taguchi method. Three types of hybrid composites with 10% SiC by weight were tested - glass fiber reinforced with epoxy and jute, sisal, or rubber. Pin-on-disk testing was conducted according to a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array, with speed, load, material, and distance as factors. Material was found to be the most influential factor on wear rate, followed by load. The 10% SiC glass fiber-rubber-epoxy composite showed the lowest wear rate at 300 rpm speed, 40N load, and 75m distance. SEM images showed wear of
Influence of Carbon & Glass Fiber Reinforcements on Flexural Strength of Epox...IJERA Editor
Hybrid composite materials are more attracted by the engineers because of their properties like stiffness and high specific strength which leads to the potential application in the area of aerospace, marine and automobile sectors. In the present investigation, the flexural strength and flexural modulus of carbon and glass fibers reinforced epoxy hybrid composites were studied. The vacuum bagging technique was adopted for the fabrication of polymer hybrid composite materials. The hardness, flexural strength and flexural modulus of the hybrid composites were determined as per ASTM standards. The hardness, flexural strength and flexural modulus were improved as the fiber reinforcement contents increased in the epoxy matrix material.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Preparation and characterization of self reinforced fibre polymer composites ...Padmanabhan Krishnan
This document outlines the agenda and methodology for a research project on self-reinforced fibre polymer composites, with an emphasis on the fibre/matrix interface. The research will involve theoretical and experimental investigations of the interfacial properties, quasi-static properties, and low velocity impact properties of four types of self-reinforced polymer composites. Fractography and correlation studies will also be conducted. The goal is to better understand the relationship between interfacial properties, mechanical properties, and impact behavior, while addressing gaps in current literature regarding these composites. Thermal analysis, laminate preparation, mechanical testing, and microscopy techniques will be employed in the study.
Fabrication and Hardness Examination of Recycled Plastic Composite With Glass...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the fabrication and hardness testing of recycled plastic composites with glass fiber for use as potential railway sleepers. Samples were produced by injection molding recycled plastics like HDPE and PP with glass fiber reinforcement. Hardness testing found the recycled plastic composite samples had higher hardness values than timber, indicating they could serve as alternatives for timber sleepers. Future work proposed further mechanical testing of composites molded into standard sleeper dimensions for potential commercial implementation as more sustainable replacements for timber sleepers.
1) The document investigates the effect of carbon fiber content on the mechanical properties of hybrid composite laminates made of woven carbon, glass fibers and epoxy resin.
2) Specimens with different carbon fiber percentages were tested for tensile strength, compression strength, impact strength, and flexural strength.
3) The results showed that increasing the carbon fiber content increased the mechanical properties of the composite laminate in all tests. The specimen with the highest carbon fiber content performed best mechanically.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This study experimentally investigates the effect of hybridizing jute and glass fibers on the mechanical properties of polyester composites. Jute fiber reinforced polyester composites (JFRPC), glass fiber reinforced polyester composites (GFRPC), and various hybrid fiber reinforced polyester composites (HFRPC) were fabricated and tested. Tensile and flexural testing showed that HFRPC exhibited higher strength properties than JFRPC or GFRPC alone, due to the combined properties of both natural jute and synthetic glass fibers. In particular, composites with 2% jute fiber and varying amounts of glass fiber achieved comparable strengths to GFRPC at a lower cost. Therefore, hybridizing jute and glass
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON CONCRETE CONTAINING META KAOLIN WITH HD PET THERMOPL...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on concrete containing metakaolin and HD PET thermoplastic. Metakaolin was used as a partial cement replacement at 5% and 10%, while HD PET thermoplastic partially replaced fine aggregate at 5-15%. Compressive strength was tested at 7 and 28 days. Results showed that strength generally increased with 5% metakaolin but decreased with higher HD PET contents. However, combinations of 15% HD PET with 5% metakaolin and 15% HD PET with 10% metakaolin achieved strengths similar to the control mix. Therefore, metakaolin and HD PET thermoplastic can be used together in concrete as partial replacements to improve sustainability without compromising strength.
Investigating the Mechanical Properties of Polyester-Natural Fiber CompositeIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research investigating the mechanical properties of composites made from polyester reinforced with natural fibers like cotton and jute. It describes how samples of polyester composite with varying amounts of glass fiber, cotton, and jute fiber were produced using compression molding. The composites were then tested to evaluate properties such as hardness, tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, and water absorption. The results showed that composites with higher amounts of cotton and jute fibers generally had higher strength and stiffness but also increased water absorption compared to the glass fiber composite. The research demonstrated that natural fiber composites can be a sustainable alternative to glass fiber composites.
Performance of Light-Weight Concrete with Plastic AggregateIJERA Editor
This study is intended to explore the suitability of recycled plastics (high density polyethylene) as coarse aggregate in concrete by conducting various tests like workability by slump test, compressive strength of cube and cylinder, splitting tensile strength test of cylinder, flexural strength of R.C.C as well as P.CC. beams to determine the properties and behaviour in concrete. Effect of replacement of coarse aggregate with various percentages (0% to 40%) of plastic aggregate on behaviour of concrete was experimentally investigated and the optimum replacement of coarse aggregate was found out. The results showed that the addition of plastic aggregate to the concrete mixture improved the properties of the resultant mix.
Influence of Curing Temperature and Fiber Volume Fraction on the Mechanical ...Karthikn Subramanian
* This investigation is aimed at studying the effect of curing temperature and fiber volume fraction on the mechanical properties of sisal fiber reinforced polyester composites.
* The composite sheets were fabricated by varying the curing temperature (40, 60, 80 and 100oC) and fiber volume fraction (15, 30 and 45 %).
* The fabricated composite sheets were tested for its mechanical properties namely tensile and impact strength as per ASTM standards. The regression model was developed to study the relationship between fabrication parameters and mechanical properties.
* The tensile and impact properties of sisal fiber reinforced polyester composites were optimized using Response surface methodology (RSM).
Strength Studies on Carbon Fibre Reinforced Concrete with Coconut Shell as Pa...IRJET Journal
1) The study aims to evaluate the compressive and split tensile strength of concrete with partial replacements of coarse aggregate with coconut shell and additions of carbon fibre.
2) Test results showed that at 5% replacement of coarse aggregate with coconut shell, the compressive strength of concrete at 28, 56, and 90 days increased compared to normal concrete.
3) The addition of 1.0% carbon fibre further improved the compressive and split tensile strength of the concrete compared to concrete with only coconut shell replacement.
4) The highest strengths were obtained with a combination of 5% coarse aggregate replacement with coconut shell and 1.0% carbon fibre addition.
FLEXURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE WITH CRIMPED STEEL FIBER AND ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the flexural characteristics of reinforced concrete with crimped steel fiber and polypropylene fiber. The study aimed to improve the flexural, shear, and crack resistance of concrete by adding different percentages (0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%) of crimped steel fiber and polypropylene fiber. Tests were conducted to evaluate the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural resistance of concrete specimens containing the fibers. The results showed that the addition of 1.2% crimped steel fiber and 1.2% polypropylene fiber increased the compressive strength by 21%, split tensile strength by 32%, and flexural strength by 61%
A Study on Strength and Durability of Concrete Using Corn Cob Ash and Polyeth...IRJET Journal
This study evaluated the strength and durability of concrete mixtures containing corn cob ash and polyethylene fiber. Twenty-four concrete mixtures were tested with M25 and M30 grades. Cement in the mixtures was partially replaced with 10% corn cob ash. Polyethylene fiber content varied from 0% to 2%. Specimens were tested for compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strengths at 7 and 28 days. Results showed the concrete mixtures with corn cob ash and polyethylene fiber exhibited higher strengths compared to the control mixtures without additives. The optimum fiber content was found to be 1% for best performance. This study demonstrated corn cob ash and polyethylene fiber can improve the properties of concrete and make it more durable.
This study evaluated the durability and bonding characteristics of concrete with partial replacement of natural coarse aggregate with recycled plastic aggregate. Specimens were subjected to acid and sulfate attacks to measure durability. Results found the plastic aggregate concrete had lower weight loss and higher compressive strength than control mix after attacks. Bonding tests also found similar bonding stress between mixes. The study concluded plastic aggregate can improve concrete durability and its use supports sustainable construction.
Indirect Tensile Strength of Modified Bitumen Mixturedbpublications
The performance of flexible pavements depends on bituminous mixture and external factors such as traffic loading and weather conditions. Bitumen mixture is elastic, viscoelastic and plastic material where rate of traffic loading and weather conditions plays very significant role on its behavior .Conventional bitumen mixture is unable bear the present traffic volume and environmental conditions by considering this an attempt has been made to study the indirect tensile strength of modified bitumen mixture using cellulose fiber as a modifier. Higher tensile strength resist the cracks, fatigue and rutting which are common failure in the flexible pavements. For preparation of bituminous concrete mixture (BC) gradation has been taken as per MORTH (table no: 500-18) specification. Bitumen content is optimized at 5% and cellulose binder content has been varied such as 1%, 3% and 5% of total mix. Conducted different types of tests such as penetration, ductility, softening point and indirect tensile strength . It has been observed that the behavior of asphalt cement after adding the modifier differ from percentage to another, At 5% an ideal improvement to the fatigue and rutting resistance properties of the asphalt cement in terms of indirect tensile strength as compared with 1%,2% of modifier and conventional bitumen . The addition of 5% Cellulose is found more significant.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON WEAR BEHAVIOUR OF SIC FILLED HYBRID COMPOSITES USING TA...IAEME Publication
The document presents an experimental study on the wear behavior of silicon carbide (SiC) filled hybrid composites using the Taguchi method. Three types of hybrid composites with 10% SiC by weight were tested - glass fiber reinforced with epoxy and jute, sisal, or rubber. Pin-on-disk testing was conducted according to a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array, with speed, load, material, and distance as factors. Material was found to be the most influential factor on wear rate, followed by load. The 10% SiC glass fiber-rubber-epoxy composite showed the lowest wear rate at 300 rpm speed, 40N load, and 75m distance. SEM images showed wear of
Influence of Carbon & Glass Fiber Reinforcements on Flexural Strength of Epox...IJERA Editor
Hybrid composite materials are more attracted by the engineers because of their properties like stiffness and high specific strength which leads to the potential application in the area of aerospace, marine and automobile sectors. In the present investigation, the flexural strength and flexural modulus of carbon and glass fibers reinforced epoxy hybrid composites were studied. The vacuum bagging technique was adopted for the fabrication of polymer hybrid composite materials. The hardness, flexural strength and flexural modulus of the hybrid composites were determined as per ASTM standards. The hardness, flexural strength and flexural modulus were improved as the fiber reinforcement contents increased in the epoxy matrix material.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL.pptx
1. “SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF MECHANICAL AND
TRIBOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NANO CLAY
INCORPORATED TO HDPE COMPOSITES REINFORCED WITH
BIDIRECTIONAL SILK WOVEN FABRIC FOR ENGINEERING
APPLICATION”
Guide
Dr. RAJA. R.
Professor& Head,
Dept. of Automotive and Aeronautical Engineering
M.S.Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru.
TOCE, Bangalore
TRUPTI P. WANI.
USN-1OX13PMN05
Research Scholar
The Oxford College Of Engineering
Bangalore
Research Defense 1
2. PRESENTATION OVERVIEW
INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE REVIEW
OBJECTIVES
EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS
PUBLICATIONS
REFERENCES
TOCE, Bangalore
Research Defense 2
4. LITERATURE REVIEW
TOCE, Bangalore
Research Defense 4
AUTHORS TITLE MATERIALS USED CONCLUSIONS
Fenglian Niu1 | Runqin He1 | Li
Jian2
“The research on the
mechanical properties improvement
of
HDPE/ABS blends reinforced with
acid‐treated wood fiber”
HDPE,ABS blend,Wood Fiber
The mechanical properties are
improved such as tensile strength,
flexural strength,hardness,density has
increased when wood fiber reinforced
to HDPE/ABS blend.
Noorunnisa Khanam, G.
Ramachandra Reddy,
“Tensile, Flexural and Compressive
Properties of Coir/Silk Fiber
Reinfroced Hybrid composites ”
coir fiber, silk fiber, unsaturated
polyester resin,
The variation of mechanical properties
of unsaturated polyester-based
coir/silk hybrid composites has been
studied as a function of fiber length
Dora Shiva Prasad et.al
“Wear performance of hdpe/ zno –
sio2 - caco3 – mg(oh)2
nano-filler polymer composites”
HDPE,Nano-clay powder
Good wear resistance compared base
HDPE material
5. Continued..
TOCE, Bangalore
5
AUTHORS TITLE MATERIALS USED CONCLUSIONS
Mu¨ nir Tas¸demir et al.
“Investigation of Properties
of Polymer/Textile Fiber
Composites”
cotton, polyamide, polycarbonate,
polyethylene, polymer composites,
polypropylene, silk
when
the fiber ratio was increased in HDPE-
PP=silk-cotton polymer composites,
mechanical properties did not change
significantly..
Dilara Kock,et.al.
“Investigate mechanical ,thermal and
microstructure analysis with hdpe
with waste silk fiber and cotton waste
fiber”
HDPE,Waste Silk fiber,and cotton
fiber
Reinforcing silk fiber with hdpe
polymer composites matrix leads to
peeling up ,forming no intermediate
structure. Modulus of elasticity of
pure hdpe after reinforcing silk fiber
is increased and yield ,tensile strength
also increased but impact is decreased
Research Defense
6. Continued..
TOCE, Bangalore
6
AUTHORS TITLE MATERIALS USED CONCLUSIONS
M.V. Deepthi et al.
“High density polyethylene and silane
treated silicon nitride
nanocomposites using high-density
polyethylene functionalized
with maleate ester: Mechanical,
tribological and thermal properties”
HDPE, compatibilizar,nanocaly
They found interfacial adhesion
between HDPE and reinforcing filler
increased. In addition,
compatibilization has further
improved the mechanical properties
slide wear loss decreased.
..
Runzhou Huang
High Density Polyethylene
Composites Reinforced with Hybrid
Inorganic Fillers: Morphology,
Mechanical and Thermal
Expansion Performance”
Glass fiber; talc; HDPE; composites
Mechanical and thermal properties
are improved at 20 % weight
fraction and further it decreases.
Research Defense
7. Continued..
TOCE, Bangalore
7
AUTHORS TITLE MATERIALS USED CONCLUSIONS
P. Neeraja et al.
Effect of Nanoclay on Tensile
Properties of Hybrid Polymer matrix
Composites ”
Nanoclay, Kevlar fabric, S-glass
fabric, Polyester,filler
From the tensile test results, as the weight
percentage of nanoclay increased, the tensile
strengths of the samples also increased further
addition is decreased.
..
B. Shivamurthy
Mechanical and sliding wear
properties of multi-layered laminates
from glass fabric/graphite/epoxy
composites”
bi-directionally woven E-glass
fabric/epoxy, graphite
particles
The hybrid composite containing
3 wt% of graphite exhibits the optimum
mechanical and wear performances. A
further increase in the
graphite content increases the specific wear
rate and deteriorates the mechanical
behavior.
Research Defense
8. OBJECTIVES
• To synthesize the hybrid composites, i.e., HDFC+SF+NC, HDFC+SF+GF+NC.
• To use the hot compression moulding process to prepare composites.
• To study the Microstructural characterisation of composites in their ascast condition and after failure.
• To characterise composites in terms of mechanical characteristics.
• To look at the composites' tribological characteristics.
TOCE, Bangalore
Research Defense 8
9. METHODOLOGY
TOCE, Bangalore
Research Defense 9
Detailed literature survey Material survey
Collection of testing standard, material selection
Fabrication of polymer matrix composites
Conducting various tests to check the withstanding properties of composite.
Physical and tribological
properties
Micorstrcture sutdies,
Tribological; properties
Engineering Applications
Mechanical properties
hardness, impact
Micorstrcture sutdies,
Mechanical; properties
15. Test Sample Designation
TOCE, Bangalore
Research Defense 15
Wear test samples of HDPE + nanoclay + Bi-directional silk
fiber (a) HDPE (b) HDPE+SF (c)HDPE+SF+ NC wt.0.1% (d)
HDPE+SF+ NC wt.0.3% (e) HDPE+SF+ NC wt.0.5% (f)
HDPE+SF+ NC wt.0.8% (g) HDPE+SF+ NC wt.1%.
Wear test samples of HDPE + nanoclay + Bi-directional silk
fiber+ Glass fiber(a) HDPE+SF+GF (b)
HDPE+SF+GF+NCwt.0.5% (c) HDPE+SF+GF+NCwt.0.8%
(d) HDPE+SF+GF+NCwt.0.5%+ 0.8%MoS.
a b c
d e f
g
a b c d
17. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
TOCE, Bangalore
Research Defense 17
Density of Components.
Density of HDPE + woven silk fabric + NC composites with increasing
NC Particle Content
Hardness.
18. Mechanical Properties of Sample Composites
TOCE, Bangalore
Research Defense 18
Tensile Properties Compression Properties
Effect of Nano-clay on The Properties of ‘HDPE + woven silk
fabric’ Composites
20. Mechanical Properties Continued..
TOCE, Bangalore
Research Defense 20
Effect of nano-clay on The Properties of ‘HDPE + woven silk
fabric’+ glass fiber Composites
Density Tensile Properties Compression Properties
30. Wear Continued..
TOCE, Bangalore
Research Defense 30
Coefficient of frictionVs sliding distance 2500 m sliding
distance (a) 10 N Load (b) 20 N Load (3) 30 N Load.
a
c
31. Wear Continued..
TOCE, Bangalore
Research Defense 31
Coefficient of friction vs sliding distance 3000 m sliding
distance (a) 10 N Load (b) 20 N Load (3) 30 N Load.
a
c
32. Wear Continued..
TOCE, Bangalore
Research Defense 32
Coefficient of friction Vs sliding distance 2500 m sliding
distance (a) 30 N Load (b) 40 N Load (3) 50 N Load.
a
c
33. Wear Continued..
TOCE, Bangalore
Research Defense 33
Coefficient of frictionVs sliding distance 3000 m sliding
distance (a) 30 N Load (b) 40 N Load (3) 50 N Load.
a
c
34. Wear Continued..
TOCE, Bangalore
Research Defense 34
a
c
Specific wear rate versus sliding 3000 m sliding distance
(a) 30 N Load (b) 40 N Load (3) 50 N Load.
Weight loss vs Applied Load.
45. Geometrical Model And Boundary condition
• BOUNDARY CONDITION : ENCASTER
• DISPLACEMENT : TENSILE, COMPRESSION & 3-POINT BENDING
• ELEMENT TYPE : S4R
FIXED IN
ALL THE
DIRECTION(
ENCASTER)
DISPLACE
MENT
(TENSILE)
TENSILE
FIXED IN ALL THE
DIRECTION(ENCASTER)
FIXED IN ALL THE
DIRECTION(ENCAST
ER)
DISPLACEMENT
3-POINT BENDING
FIXED IN ALL THE
DIRECTION(ENCASTER)
DISPLACEMENT
(COMPRESSION)
COMPRESSION
No Nodes:1600
No of Elements:
540
TOCE, Bangalore
Research Defense 45
46. HDPE+SF+NC 0.8%
STRESS IN X DIRECTION
STRESS IN Y DIRECTION
DISPLACEMENT
Tensile strength
TOCE, Bangalore
Research Defense 46
47. HDPE+SF+GF+NC 0.5% MoS
Tensile strength
STRESS IN X DIRECTION STRESS IN Y DIRECTION
DISPLACEMENT
TOCE, Bangalore
Research Defense 47
56. Application:-Bearing sleeve/liner selection
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
Ambient temperature
Series1 Series2
Ambient temperature range(0C) for different SKF
sliding material under normal operating conditions.
0
0.15
0.1
0.15
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.08
0.38 0.34
-0.07 -0.05 -0.06 -0.04 -0.03 -0.06 -0.03
-0.16
-0.03
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Axis Title
Coefficient of friction
Series1 Series2
Coefficient of friction (µ) under dry or initially lubricated
operating conditions (typical values) for different sliding
materials
57. 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Sliding Velocity
Series1 Series2
Permissible continuous sliding velocity (m/s) at a load
less than 1 N/mm2 under dry or initially lubricated
operating conditions for different sliding materials.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Load capacity
Permissible specific bearing load(dynamic),
N/mm2, at a sliding velocity less than 0.01 m/s
and permissible static load (N/mm2) at v= 0 m/s
for different sliding materials
58. Sleeve Bearing Applications
• Sleeve bearings are a versatile component employed in just about every sort of design imaginable. Just a few examples include:
• Automotive – Transmission shafts, links, pins and crank components
• Agriculture – Linkage assemblies on attachments, steering gear
• Off-road – Clevis bearings for hydraulic cylinder pins
• Marine – Steady bearings for driveshafts
• Food Processing & packaging – Conveyor and filling devices.
59. Self-Lubricating Bearings
• These bearings have a lubricant like PTFE, graphite, or
silicon integrated with the rubbing surface of the
bearing itself. As moving parts rub together, this
lubricant dynamically disperses over time.
• Self-lubricating plastic polymer bearings utilize two
different mechanisms to transfer lubrication media:
• Smearing systems: PTFE-based or PTFE-infused
polymers are the most common example of a smearing
system. The lubricant needs to find its way out of the
polymer and deposit itself into the micro-finish of the
contacting surface. This deposit builds up to generate a
hydrodynamic film which provides effective
lubrication.
• Debris systems: this approach relies on the toughness
of the polymer itself (UHMW, Cast Nylon) to knock
loose resin micro-particles which effectively function
as tiny ball bearings. This approach is generally less
efficient but still has an important role in many
applications.
60. Self-Lubricating Bearings Continued..
• Employing one of these designs is important in applications
where frequent re-lubrication is impractical or unduly costly, in
extremely high-friction environments, or in environments
where traditional liquid lubricants represent too great a risk for
contamination/leakage.
• Because inadequate lubrication is the number-one cause of
bearing failure, ending the need for lubrication not only
simplifies maintenance but dramatically reduces premature
wear that accumulates during inevitable maintenance intervals.
Grease and other lubricants also exacerbate contamination
issues by helping dust and dirt stick in the bearing mechanism,
another long term wear-driver that self-lubricating options
eliminate.
• Key Advantages of Self-Lubricating Bearings
• Excellent corrosion and wear resistance.
• Lower maintenance cost due to reduced lubrication requirements.
• Lower-friction coefficient.
• Function in high/low-temperature environments.
• Cleaner, grease-less operation
61. Plain bearing in the seat height adjustment
• What is needed: a plain bearing solution for adjusting the seat
height
• Requirements: noise minimization, smooth operation, low
fogging, high load capacity, low weight, low coefficient of friction,
tolerance compensation, use also for cathodic dip painting at high
drying temperatures, corrosion-free
• Suitable products: clip bearings made of flexible materials , plain
bearings for higher loads
• Success for the customer: the tribologically optimized plain
bearings have a low weight, a long service life and their noise -
(NVH/BSR)-reducing specifications. Cost savings are achieved
through the price of parts and the shorter assembly process. There
is no need for recalibration and flange processes - development
times are very short
63. Plain bearing in the back rest adjustment
• What is needed: a noiseless and low-clearance bearing of
the inclination adjustment
• Requirements: noise minimization, vibration damping,
low clearance, low fogging, high load capacity, low
weight, self-lubricating
• Matching products: various individual special parts e.g.
made of HDPE, Silk Fabric and Nano Clay
• Success for the customer: Tribologically optimised
materials with integrated solid lubricants ensure a low
coefficient of friction and thus minimise noise during the
adjustment process. The bearing material design works for
installation situation runs with low clearance and reduces
the development and design time.
64. Lead screw support in lumbar adjustment
• What is needed: thrust washers for lead screw support in the drive
• Requirements: noise minimization, smooth operation, corrosion-
free, low fogging, high load capacity, low weight, low coefficient
of friction.
• Suitable products: thrust washers
• Success for the customer: the thrust washers are a cost-effective
and smoother-running alternative for axial ball bearings
65. Plain bearing in the leg rest
• What is needed: a plain bearing solution inside the car to adjust
the car seat leg rest, comfort seat extension and extended leg rest
• Requirements: smooth operation, low coefficient of friction, high
load capacity, low weight, low fogging, noise minimization
• Suitable products: plain bearings
• Success for the customer: Enable quiet adjustments by preventing
disturbing BSR and NVH noises within the seat hinges. Made of
tribologically optimized polymers, they are up to 5 times lighter
than appropriate metal bearings.
.
66. Plain bearings in compact motors for electric seat adjusters
• What is needed: a plain bearing solution in compact motors for
electric seat adjustment, seat actuator, and seat adjustment drive
• Requirements: high speeds, small installation space, low
coefficient of friction, noise minimization, high load capacity,
smooth operation, low weight, maintenance-free, no external
lubrication
• Suitable products: plain bearings made of highly wear-resistant at
higher temperatures
• Success for the customer: noise reduction (NVH and BSR), high
performance at low and high speeds, low friction coefficients, long
service life, no external lubrication required, cost savings, and
weight reduction
67. Compact motors for electric seat adjustments
• More and more electronic adjustment options are finding their way
into the series applications of car manufacturers by means of
actuators. Minimizing noise and weight are essential requirements
for any modern seat design. plain bearings are lighter and quieter
than conventional solutions. Their integrated lubricants ensure a
long service life without external lubrication.
Compact motors are used in the following seat applications, among
others: seat length adjustment, seat tilt, seat height adjustment,
backrest adjustment, headrest adjustment, lumbar support, haptic
seat feedback, lumbar support, headrest adjustment, seat belt
tensioner.
Application examples in electric seat length and backrest
adjustment
68. Bushings in car belt tensioner
• Main criteria for the application
• High-frequency oscillating motion
• Pivot angle 1-15°
• Wear-resistant even with soft aluminum shaft
• Heavy dirt accumulation
• Temperature - 40 to + 120 °C (- 40 to 248°F)
69. Gearboxes
• No more contact corrosion
• polymer plain bearings, the contact corrosion by metal bushings
could be completely eliminated for an automobile manufacturer. In
addition to the cost savings, the improved dampening properties of
the plain bearings were utilized. This improved the feel of the shift
and minimized noise.
• Main criteria for use:
• Pivoting movement with each gear change
• Peak temperature up to 160°C
• Push out forces after 68h > 150N
• Contact with gear oil possible
• In contrast to proposed material bearings may bring the advantage
over , metal-rolled bearings which have problems of contact
corrosion with die-cast aluminium housings
70. Bearings in strap hinges
• Main criteria for the application
• No contact corrosion
• High compressive strength
• Tolerance compensation possible
• Insensitive to dirt
• Low-priced
• KTL-suitable
• Electrically conductive materials
• Low flow by temperature and load
71. CONCLUSIONS
This work shows that successful fabrication of the silk fabric with nano clay based HDPE composites by using
compression molding.
The values obtained from the above graphs and results shows that nanoclay content plays a major role in determining
mechanical properties of Natural fiber reinforced polymer composite.
With the increase in nanoclay %, Tensile strength, tensile modulus, Compression strength, modulus, Flexural strength,
modulus also increased and after some percentage values are gone down.
Percentage elongation has decreased of the HDPE +SF+0.8%NC ,Further addition of 1 % NC has increased % of
elongation.
TOCE, Bangalore
71
Research Defense
72. CONCLUSIONS Continued..
The increase in mechanical properties indicated efficient interaction between the clay and blend constituents
The SEM pictures of the highest nano clay filled silk fiber reinforced HDPE composite corroborate the data
with that of pure HDPE, thus complementing each other.
The slide wear result indicate that as the sliding distance increased, the weight loss increases for all four
samples studied, but HDPE + SF+1%NC shows the best slide wear data.
TOCE, Bangalore
72
Research Defense
73. CONCLUSIONS Continued..
The HDPE + SF+1%NC show the highest hardness and pure HDPE least hardness values. Among these
HDPE with SF & 1% NC has highest slide wear resistance and lower coefficient of friction compare to pure
HDPE or HDPE+ SF. This results hold for all the three sliding distances and three normal loads.
Improvements in Mechanical properties of the HDPE matrix are obtained with the addition of Bi-directional
silk Fiber. Further, addition of glass woven fiber to HDPE composites exhibited superior mechanical
properties as compared to Silk Fiber.
The slide wear result indicate that as the sliding distance increased, the weight loss increases for all four
samples studied, but HDPE + SF+GF+SF+HDPE+0.5%NC+0.5Mos2 shows the best slide wear data.
TOCE, Bangalore
73
Research Defense
74. CONCLUSIONS Continued..
The HDPE + SF+GF+SF+HDPE+0.5%wt.NC+0.5Mos2 show the highest hardness and pure HDPE least
hardness values. Among these HDPE with SF & GF and Mos2,% NC has highest slide wear resistance and
lower coefficient of friction compare to pure HDPE or HDPE+ SF+GF+SF+HDPE. This results hold for all
the three sliding distances and three normal loads.
The SEM pictures of the highest nano clay filled silk fiber and glass woven fiber reinforced HDPE composite
corroborate the data with that of pure HDPE, thus complementing each other.
TOCE, Bangalore
74
Research Defense
75. RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS
• 1. Trupti P.Wani, R. Raja, P. Sampathkumaran ,S.Seetharamu, Investigation on Wear and Friction Characteristics of Bi-
DirectionalSilkFiber Reinforced Nanoclay Added HDPE Composites,Elsevier,Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018)
25713–25719.
• 2.Trupti P. Wani, R. Raja, Madhusudana Reddy G & Shridhar Deshpande (2021): Synthesis and mechanical properties
of HDPE based Nano-Clay polymer composites for industrial applications, Advances in Materials and Processing
Technologies, DOI: 10.1080/2374068X.2021.1896864.
• 3. Trupti P.Wani, R. Raja, P. Sampathkumaran ,S.Seetharamu,R.R.N.Sailaja Bhattacharya, Tribological behaviour of Bi-
Directional Silk Fiber Reinforced HDPE nano Composites,Tribology Materials Surfaces &Interfaces,Taylor & Francis,
DOI: 10.1080/17515831,.2021.2023289..
• 4.Trupti P. Wani, R. Raja, Madhusudana Reddy G, Fabrication and investigation of sliding wear behaviour of nano clay
based hdpe containing silk fiber and glass fiber composites, International Journal of Mechanical and Production
Engineering Research and Development (IJMPERD) ISSN (P): 2249–6890; ISSN (E): 2249–8001 Vol. 10, Issue 3, Jun
2020, 16209-16216
▫ .
TOCE, Bangalore
75
Research Defense
76. REFERENCES
1. Fenglian Niu1 | Runqin He1 | Li Jian2 , “The research on the mechanical properties improvement of HDPE/ABS blends
reinforced with acid‐treated wood fiber”, Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences, 12, 3, 2018, pp. 3866-3875.
2. M. M. Schwartz, “Composite materials vol. I- processing, fabrication and applications”, 1996.
3. N. Chawla, K. K. Chawla, “Metal matrix composite”, Springer publications, 2006.
4. A. Ravikiran, M. K Surappa, “Effect of sliding speed on wear behavior of A356 Al-30 wt.% SiC MMC”, Wear, 206, 1997, pp.
33-38.
5. R. M. Wang, M. K. Surappa, C. H. Tao, C. Z. Li, M. G. Yan, “Microstructure and interface structure studies of SiC reinforced
Al6061 metal matrix composites”, Materials Science and Engineering A, 254, 1998, pp. 219-226.
6. S. Suresh, N Shenbaga Vinayaga Moorthi, S. C. Vettivel, N. Selvakumar, G. R Jinu, “Effect of graphite addition on mechanical
behavior of Al6061-TiB2 hybrid composites using acoustic emission”, Materials Science and Engineering A, 612, 2014, pp. 16-
27.
7. N. L Han, Z. G. Wang, W. L. Wang, G. D. Zhang, C. X. Shi, “Low cycle fatigue behavior of a particulate SiC-2024Al
composite at ambient and elevated temperature”, Composites Science and Technology, 59, 1999, pp. 147-155.
8. N. G. Siddesh Kumar, G. S. Shivashankar, S. Basavarajappa, R. Suresh, “Some studies on mechanical and machining
characteristics of Al2219/n-B4C/MoS2 nano hybrid metal matrix composites”, Measurement, 107, 2017, pp. 1-11.
TOCE, Bangalore
76
Research Defense
78. Referee: 1
• In oral presentation, scholar must address the following;
• a) the rationale of using these fillers in HDPE.
• b) from the research, what application do you think that this polymer composite can be used? The candidate must
provide the supportive information for this question.
79. Ans: a) the rationale of using these fillers in HDPE.
Hardness
• increasing NC particles' content in the matrix results
increase in composite hardness. The progress is
about 15% (HDPE+SF+NC) and 21%
(HDPE+SF+GF+NC) composites when compared to
that of the Pure HDPE matrix sample.
Tensile Properties
• Silk fibres influences the strength in the composites
strength increase of 37.36%. In contrast ductility of
the samples decreases form sample 1 (HDPE) 60%
to sample 6 (HDPE+SF+0.8% NC) 50.5%. This is
an 18.81% of decrement in the elasticity of the
composite. Furthermore, as the NC continent grows
from 0.8 % to 1%, tensile strength declines by 4.08
%, while ductility increases by 35%.
Density of Components.
80. Effect of nano-clay on The Properties of HDPE + woven silk
fabric Composites
Compression Properties
• The compressive strength values rise from 33.4 MPa for Pure
HDPE to 45.1 MPa for HDPE + Silk fabric + 1% wt. of NC in
HDPE + Silk fabric + 1% wt. of NC in HDPE + Silk fabric +
1% wt. of NC in HDPE + Silk fabric + 1% wt. of NC this
associates to a 35 percent improvement in compressive
strength. Simultaneously, the compressive modulus increased
from 504.55 MPa for Pure HDPE to 848.12 MPa for HDPE +
Silk fabric + 1% wt. of NC. This equates to a 68 percent
increase in modulus.
Flexural
• The flexural strength of HDPE increases from 6.2 MPa to
6.8 MPa (HDPE+SF+1% NC) which is an increase of 10%
whereas flexural modulus increase from 49.68 MPa to
68.12 MPa. This is a 37% of Increase in the value. Further
the Sample 6 (HDPE+SF+0.8% NC) flexural strength is
9.2 MPa and flexural modulus is 89.1 MPa which is
significant raise in the flexural prosperities with compared
to pure HDPE.
Impact Strength
• Impact strength of the 'ascast' HDPE composites is 40 J/m
asincreases with increasing NC particle up to72 J/m
(HDPE+SF+0.8%NC) which is an 80% of increase in the
strength, whereas the sample 7 (HDPE+SF+1%NC) shows
strength of 62 J/m which is 16% of reduction in strength
compared to the sample 6 (HDPE+SF+0.8%NC) However,
the addition of 1% on NC decreases the impact strength.
81. Effect of nano-clay on The Properties of HDPE + woven silk
fabric + glass fiber Composites
Hardness
• The hardness value of HDPE + SF +GF composite (68 Shore
D) has significantly increase hardness (to 73 Shore D) value
for 0.8 % of nano clay blended composite.
Tensile Properties
• Tensile strength of sample 1 (Pure HDPE) is 18.2 MPa and
sample 5 (HDPE+SF+GF+0.5%NC+8%Mos) is 39.08 MPa
there is an 114% of Increment in the tensile strength in the
meantime young’s modules increases 153% which indicates
the in the ductility of the composite. Treating the Glass fibers
with 0.8% MoS further increases the strength by increasing the
bonding strength of Glass fibers.
• Compression Properties
• The compression strength values observed 33.4 MPa for Pure
HDPE, whereas 69.02 MPa for HDPE+SF+GF+NC sample.
Glass fabric influence in improving the compressive strength
of the matrix by 107% compared to the Pure HDPE. Further,
the compressive modulus also increases 68%, this may be due
to the strengthening matrix.
Flexural Strength
Flexural strength of the ‘ascast’ composites of Pure HDPE is 504.55
MPa and 848.12 MPa for HDPE+SF+GF+0.5%NC+8%MoS
sample. Whereas the flexural modulus for the same samples shows
the values of 49.68 MPa for sample Pure HDPE and 129.8 MPa for
sample HDPE+SF+GF+0.5%NC+8%MoS.
Impact Strength
The values observed are 40 J/m for Pure HDPE, were as 293 J/m
for HDPE and woven silk fabric and Glass fabric for HDPE + Silk
fabric + Glass fabric + 0% wt. of NC content. Further, NC Particles'
addition to this matrix in 0.5% and 0.8% of NC particles increase
the impact strength to 268J/m
Wear
• In general, the CoF reduces as the applied load increases for all
composites
• In comparison to neat HDPE, composites have a lower real
wear rate. Natural fibre and nano-clay reinforcement have
increased the wear behaviour of HDPE
82. Ans: b) Application
• Referee: 1 b) from the research, what application do you think that this polymer composite can be used? The
candidate must provide the supportive information for this question.
• Referee: 2 in oral presentation, candidate must address the applications in the real world.
Sleeve Bearing Applications
• Sleeve bearings are a versatile component employed in just about every sort of design imaginable. Just a few
examples include:
• Automotive – Transmission shafts, links, pins and crank components
• Agriculture – Linkage assemblies on attachments, steering gear
• Off-road – Clevis bearings for hydraulic cylinder pins
• Marine – Steady bearings for driveshafts
• Food Processing & packaging – Conveyor and filling devices.