The document discusses the relationship between syntax and semantics, highlighting the difference between syntactically correct and semantically incorrect sentences. It covers various types of ambiguity, including lexical and structural ambiguity, as well as concepts such as presupposition and entailment, with examples illustrating each. The emphasis is on understanding how sentence structure and meaning interact within linguistic contexts.

2. SYNTACTIC SEMANTICS
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3. Syntactic Semantics
 Syntax and semantics both are branches of micro linguistics, but
syntax is the study of sentence structure while semantics study of
meaning.
 We need to see the relation between syntactic semantics
 For example: She is my brother. (syntactically correct semantically
wrong)
 He is my brother.

4. Ambiguity
 A word or a phrase or sentences that has more than one meaning or a
interpretation.
 Bat (play) bat (animal)
 She said john hit a girl with an umbrella.
 Did john use an umbrella to hit or a girl who had an umbrella?

5. Lexical ambiguity
 The word’s more possible meaning is known as lexical ambiguity.
 For example: Right (hand) Right (humans)
 Bank (river) Bank (money)
 He said I bought a pen for my dog.

6. Structural Ambiguity
 A situation where a sentence has more than one meaning due to the
structure.
 Example: I know a little Italian.
 I know the Italian person or I understand little bit Italian language?
 The tourist saw a woman with telescope.
 The tourist used or was woman with telescope?

7. Presupposition
 The information that a speaker assumes to be already known.
 It can be true or known by the hearer.
 Example: Jane know longer writes fiction.
 PSP: Jane ones wrote fiction.
 The king of France has red hair.
 PSP: The king of France exists.
 Your brother is waiting outside for you.
 PSP: You have a brother.

8. Entailment
 Something that logically follows from what is asserted in the written form rather
verbal.
 Sentences have entailment, while speakers have presupposition.
 For example: Mary’s brother bought three horses.
 Entailment: Mary’s brother bought something, he bought three animals, he
bought three horses.
 Presupposition: Mary exists, she has a brother, who is rich.
 Note: Entailment is not generally much discussed as presupposition due to its
logical nature.