The document summarizes three reaction papers by a student on architectural theory texts. The first discusses how Learning from Las Vegas valued symbolism in commercial architecture over modernism's focus on form and function alone. The second examines The Geometry of Feeling and how architecture should stimulate human experience and feelings rather than just visual elements. The third discusses Kenneth Frampton's Towards a Critical Regionalism and his calls for integrating culture and nature and emphasizing tactile senses in architecture over just visual aspects.
Theories of Architecture and Urbanism Reaction Papersdouglasloon
Taylor's University Lakeside Campus
School of Architecture, Building & Design
Bachelor of Science (Hons) in Architecture
Theories of Architecture & Urbanism (ARC 61303)
Theories of Architecture and Urbanism Comparative Analysis Essaydouglasloon
Taylor's University Lakeside Campus
School of Architecture, Building & Design
Bachelor of Science (Hons) in Architecture
Theories of Architecture & Urbanism (ARC 61303)
3 synopsis from readings by
a) Frank Lloyd Wright, “In the Cause of Architecture”, (1908)
b) Juhani Pallasma, “The Eyes of the Skin: Architecture and the Senses”, (2007)
c) Kenneth Frampton ‘Towards Critical Regionalism: Six Points for an Architecture of Resistance. No.3&4
Theories of Architecture and Urbanism Reaction Papersdouglasloon
Taylor's University Lakeside Campus
School of Architecture, Building & Design
Bachelor of Science (Hons) in Architecture
Theories of Architecture & Urbanism (ARC 61303)
Theories of Architecture and Urbanism Comparative Analysis Essaydouglasloon
Taylor's University Lakeside Campus
School of Architecture, Building & Design
Bachelor of Science (Hons) in Architecture
Theories of Architecture & Urbanism (ARC 61303)
3 synopsis from readings by
a) Frank Lloyd Wright, “In the Cause of Architecture”, (1908)
b) Juhani Pallasma, “The Eyes of the Skin: Architecture and the Senses”, (2007)
c) Kenneth Frampton ‘Towards Critical Regionalism: Six Points for an Architecture of Resistance. No.3&4
Architectural Prototype in Ambiguity Contexts: Degree Zero and Multidimension...CrimsonPublishersAAOA
Architectural Prototype in Ambiguity Contexts: Degree
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Based on the multi-semantic context of Chinese contemporary architectural design language, a new idea of purified design language was put forward in this paper. The smallest unit and the implied logic of architectural works were studied through relating Roland Barthes’s interpretation of Degree Zero of writing to architects’ confusion about architectural design. It was concluded that the true meaning of works lies in the unchanging prototype and even the idea behind the infinitely changing architectural form. By studying Degree Zero and dimension of architectural prototype, this paper analyzed the dialectical relationship between purity and diversity of architectural form, and then proposed the transformation strategy of architectural prototype.
For more open access journals in Crimson Publishers please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/
For more articles in open access Archaeology journals please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/aaoa/
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
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The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
1. BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONOURS) IN ARCHITECTURE
THEORIES OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM
(ARC61303/ARC2224)
SYNOPSIS: REACTION PAPER (MARCH 2017)
Name: Tan Sheau Hui ID No.: 0319235
Lecturer: Mr Nicholas Ng Tutorial Time: 12pm-1pm
Reader/Text Title: Learning From Las Vegas: The
Forgotten Symbolism of Architectural Form
Synopsis No: 1
Author: Robert Venturi, Denise Scott Brown, Steven Izenour
The text started by introducing the phenomenon of modern architecture that has been anything but permissive,
whereby architects have preferred to change the existing environment rather than enhance what is there. The issue
addressed by the authors was the criticism on early modern architects due to their lack of judgement in the learning
process, where their insights were derived from existing landscape without much adaptation. The authors continued
with the ideas on the value of symbolism in Las Vegas, with analysis done through a study of method, the architectural
communication of Las Vegas; without touching on the content.
Most of the modern architectural theorists have focused on space, the element which separates architecture from arts
due to their definitions of the medium as sacred and unique. However, the authors pointed out that this definition based
solely on space and form is inadequate. I agree when this statement is then supported by stating that objects and arts
used could enrich the meaning by reinforcing architectural spaces. A balance between form and object is important in
creating meaningful architecture although there will be dilution of content on the both.
The authors then challenged the theory of modern architecture where form was to be determined by its function, rather
than deriving from the past. They opposed the idea of most critics who have denigrated the roadside eclecticism,
whereby for the authors, representational architecture with the continuing iconology should be valued. Their point is
proven by the comparison of Motel Monticello with its enormous sign visible on the highway, which succeeded in
persuading drivers; and Miami Beach Modern motel with none. Highway signs have contributed by building symbolic
connections when the vast space of A&P parking lot has divided the highways and buildings. I appreciate the value of
commercial architecture which makes the presence of a place felt as its styles and symbols gradually evolve over time.
In my opinion, symbol is among the important elements that enhance the meaning of architecture, but should not
entirely take over the significance of space function. Both should work together.
The authors have their point on valuing Las Vegas Strip as a communication system and dominating symbols in space
over form. Nevertheless, I think that the whole argument has to be brought back to the point of “to question how we look
at things”, to be able to hold judgement on the existing, thus a way of being revolutionary for an architect. This study on
Las Vegas Strip has given me a new perspective of looking at architecture. Commercial values and communication
over form should not be under appreciation because it portrays the identity and culture of a place.
Word Count: 442 Mark Grade
Assessed by: Date Page No.
2. BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONOURS) IN
ARCHITECTURE
THEORIES OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM
(ARC61303/ARC2224)
SYNOPSIS: REACTION PAPER (MARCH 2017)
Name: Tan Sheau Hui ID No.: 0319235
Lecturer: Mr Nicholas Ng Tutorial Time: 12pm-1pm
Reader/Text Title: The Geometry of Feeling: A
Look At The Phenomenology of Architecture
Synopsis No: 2
Author: Juhani Pallasmaa
The author started with a question, of why do the modern buildings hardly give any sense of meaning of human
existence. The impoverishment of the inner meaning of architecture has been pondered and attempts were made to
revitalize the weakening language of architecture where it seems to be losing the mental dimension.
The author then made point that there are mistakes in thinking of a building as a formal composition, by stating the
relationship of form and experience should never be overlooked. The principle of elementarism and reductionism
dominating the modern science, which has also been thought by the Bauhaus School encouraged architecture to be
analyzed as a play of form combining basic visual elements. Artistic quality has been focused more than the
experience in architecture. I agree with this point as artistic quality should not be the only focused element, but a part
that integrates within architecture. Artistic work is meant to be born out of the whole, but not occupying the whole.
Although efforts are made to restore its richness, lack of understanding of the essence of art resulted in motifs that
are no longer linked with phenomenologically authentic feelings true to architecture. The effect of architecture should
come from images and basic feelings connected to buildings, using Husserl’s concept of “pure looking at”
architecture by experiencing it to seek its essence and inner language. I agree that the early childhood memory is
one of the key in phenomenological analysis as it retains emotion at its purest and most personal in our lives thus it
provides real and true contents of our mind in experiencing architecture.
The author also stated that architecture is an expression of human existence, which primary feelings are its effect.
The experience of a building should portray its sense of being in its unique place, where it stimulates our imagination,
sensitizes our physical and mental receptivity. Hence, looking at the phenomenology of architecture, I agree to the
point that it is the experience with feelings rather than merely experiment with forms and elements. Both of them
should be integrated in architecture, where forms are brought in to give feelings to the viewers; scale and
proportions, volume and hierarchy and many other principles must be applied in close relation to human, of the time
being. Architecture is to be expressed with the existence of human; and human feelings are expressed within. This
shows the status of architecture which could never be replaced by the nature, that on the other hand does not need
man to explain itself.
Word Count: 422 Mark Grade
Assessed by: Date Page No.
3. BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONOURS) IN
ARCHITECTURE
THEORIES OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM
(ARC61303/ARC2224)
SYNOPSIS: REACTION PAPER (MARCH 2017)
Name: Tan Sheau Hui ID No.: 0319235
Lecturer: Mr Nicholas Ng Tutorial Time: 12pm-1pm
Reader/Text Title: Towards a Critical Regionalism: Six
Points for an Architecture of Resistance (No. 5&6)
Synopsis No: 3
Author: Kenneth Frampton
The text is about Frampton’s take towards critical regionalism, where architects should analyze local character
and reinterpret it with contemporary means, rather than directly adapting the traditions. This synopsis
summarizes his fifth and sixth point in the text, ‘Culture Versus Nature’ and ‘The Visual Versus the Tactile’.
In the fifth point, the author gave his point on the two elements while creating architectural structure, culture
and nature. These two elements should be in close relation with each other to maintain the building site
significance including its culture and history. The author took an evident from the case of topography and light
factors affecting the design of art galleries. Exclusive use of artificial light, known as “placeless” practice
should instead be the natural light that changes accordingly which creates a place-conscious poetic out of
interaction between culture and nature. He then pointed out that architectural autonomy should reside in the
principle of tectonic rather than scenographic, where structural poetic should be studied rather than merely a
representation of faç ade. In my opinion as an architecture student, cultural legacy and the geographical
characteristics of a site must be preserved as they are the significance of a place. Both must stands in
balance together to create harmony between the environment and community of a site.
In the sixth point, the author highlighted his point on the importance of visual and other senses in architecture.
Integration of all senses makes the architecture deeper and closer to human experiences. The usage of
different materials with their certain tactile could generate variable emotional reactions and trigger different
senses. An example is taken from Alvar Aalto’s Saynatsalo Town Hall (1952) where its access stair is lined in
raked brickwork, and even the treads and risers are finished in brick. This sensitivity in the choice of material
allows the body to experience the force and friction of the steps, which arrive after in contrast to the timber
floor in council chamber. I agree with the point where human experience, light and darkness, hot and cold,
aroma and all senses should be emphasized because these feelings are the elements that give impact and
etched upon users’ memories, hence making the architecture unique. Thus, the tectonic and tactile can
transcend mere appearance as place-form can withstand the constant onslaught of global modernization.
Word Count: 382 Mark Grade
Assessed by: Date Page No.